tpupthf;f mYtyu;fspw;Fk;> tptrhapfspw;Fkhd ntq;fha tpij cw;gj;jp topfhl;ly;fs;
Mf;fk;
Dr.Lee Jeong Gwan
Korean Onion Expert
Mq;fpy nkhop ngau;g;G
Miss. Jeong, Kyeol, Miss. Yoo Yeon and Miss. Cho Soo Been
lgps;A.v];.gP.it. cghyp> KOPIA ,yq;if epiyak;
nrk;ikahf;fk;
jpU gP.I. n`l;bMuha;r;rp> jpUkjp vk;.gP.v];.gP. gj;jpuz
taw; gapu;fs; Muha;r;rp> mgptpUj;jp epWtdk;> k`h,Yg;gs;sik.
jpU `rpf;f fPu;j;jpuj;d>
Njrpa tptrhaj; jfty;> njhlu;ghly; epiyak;> fd;ndhWit.
jkpohf;fKk;> jkpo; gpujp nrk;ikahf;fKk;
jpU rPuq;fd; nguparhkp>
Njrpa tptrhaj; jfty;> njhlu;ghly; epiyak;> fd;ndhWit.
newpahs;if
Dr. Choi In Hu, Director
KOPIA ,yq;if
epiyak;
ml;ilg;gl tbtikg;G
nuh\hdp yf;kpzp Nrdhuj;d>
tptrhaj; jfty;> njhlu;ghly; epiyak;> fd;ndhWit.
fzzp vOj;JUTk;> tbtikg;Gk;
rPuq;fd; nguparhkp>
N[Ruj;dk;>
Njrpa tptrhaj; jfty;> njhlu;ghly; epiyak;> fd;ndhWit.
epjp mDruiz
KOPIA ,yq;if epiyak;
2018
tpupthf;f mYtyu;fspw;Fk;> tptrhapfspw;Fkhd ntq;fha tpij cw;gj;jp topfhl;ly;fs;
tpupthf;f mYtyu;fspw;Fk;> tptrhapfspw;Fkhd ntq;fha tpij cw;gj;jp topfhl;ly;fs;
ed;wpfs;
fyhepjp lgps;A. vk;. lgps;A. tPuf;Nfhd;> Nkyjpfr; nrayhsu;
tptrha mikr;R
fyhepjp Mu;. Mu;. V. tpN[Nfhd;> tptrhag; gzpg;ghsu; ehafk;
tptrhaj; jpizf;fsk;
Dr. Jung Byoung Choon, Former Director , KOPIA Sri lanka Centre
lgps;A. V. Nf. fUzhjpyf;f> gzpg;ghsu;>
taw; gapu;fs; Muha;r;rp> mgptpUj;jp epWtdk;> k`h,Yg;gs;sik
fyhepjp khypkh ngNuuh> Nkyjpfg; gzpg;ghsu;>
taw; gapu;fs; Muha;r;rp> mgptpUj;jp epWtdk;> k`h,Yg;gs;sik
jpUkjp gP.v];.Nf. rkutPu> cjtp tptrhag; gzpg;ghsu; (mgptpUj;jp)> mEuhjGuk;
jpU Nf.vy;. etPd; mrq;f> njhopy;El;g cjtpahsu;> mEuhjGuk;
jpU Mu;.vr;.A+. Fztu;j;jd> gpujpg; gzpg;ghsu; (khfhzq;fSf;F ,ilg;gl;lg; gpuNjrk;)> `k;ge;Njhl;il
jpUkjp lgps;A.gP. mNdhkh> tptrhag; Nghjdhrpupia (khfhzq;fSf;F ,ilg;gl;lg; gpuNjrk;)> `k;ge;Njhl;il
tpupthf;f mYtyu;fspw;Fk;> tptrhapfspw;Fkhd ntq;fha tpij cw;gj;jp topfhl;ly;fs;
tpupthf;f mYtyu;fspw;Fk;> tptrhapfspw;Fkhd ntq;fha tpij cw;gj;jp topfhl;ly;fs;
Kd;Diu
,yq;ifapy; gapuplg;gLk; Mz;Lg; gapu;fSld; xg;gpLk; NghJ
nghUshjhug; gapuhf ntq;fhaj;ijg; gapupLtJ kpfTk; Kf;fpakhFk;.
ngupa ntq;fhag; gapu;r;nra;if 1980fspy; Muk;gkhfpaJ. jw;NghJ
,yq;ifapd; nkhj;j ntq;fhaj; Njitapy; 30 - 40 tPjk;
khj;jpuNk cw;gj;jp nra;ag;gLfpd;wJ. Mdhy; ntq;fhaj;jpy;
jd;dpiwtiltjw;fhd tha;g;Gfs; cs;sjhf Muha;r;rpfspy;
ep&gpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. tha;g;ghd ruhrup tpisr;ry; xU n`f;laupw;F 37
njhd;dhf tpsq;fpa NghjpYk;> jw;NghJ 15.9 njhd; tiu khj;jpuNk
cw;gj;jp nra;ag;gLfpd;wJ. gapu;r;nra;if Kiw> njhopy;El;g
cghaq;fs; Mfpatw;wpd; %yk; ntq;fha cw;gj;jpia mjpfupg;gjw;fhd
tha;g;Gfs; cs;sik juTfs; %yk; njspthfpd;wJ. jw;NghJ
nfhupahtpy; ngupa ntq;fhar; nra;if kpfTk; mgptpUj;jpaile;j
epiyapNyNaf; fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. mtu;fs; ngWk; ruhrup tpisr;ry;
xU n`f;laupw;F Rkhu; 66 njhd; tiuahFk;. cau; jukhd ntq;fha
tpijfs; Nghjpastpy; ,y;yhik ,yq;ifapy; ngupa ntq;fhar;
nra;ifiag; ghjpf;Fk; Kf;fpakhd xU gpur;rpidahFk; vd KOPIA
,yq;if epWtdk; ,dq; fz;Ls;sNjhL> 2015,y; k`h,Yg;gs;sik
taw; gapu;fs; Muha;r;rp> mgptpUj;jp epWtdj;Jld; ,ize;J
ntq;fha tpij cw;gj;jp khjpup fpuhkq;fis ];jhgpf;Fk; jpl;lj;ij
Muk;gpj;jJ. ,yq;ifapd; gy;NtW ghfq;fspy; njupT nra;ag;gl;l
04 khjpupf; fpuhkq;fspy; njupT nra;ag;gl;l 127 tptrhapfspw;F
tpij cw;gj;jpf;F mtrpakhd midj;J mbg;gil trjpfisAk;>
cs;sPLfisAk; ,ytrkhf toq;fpaNjhL> Njitahd njhopy;El;gg;
gapw;rpfis ,yq;ifapYk;> ntspehLfspYk; toq;fpaJ. ,yq;ifapy;
ntq;fha cw;gj;jpia mjpfupg;gjw;F gpd;tUk; tplaq;fspy; ftdQ;
nrYj;j Ntz;Lk;.
mjpf tpisr;riyj; jUk; tu;f;fq;fis mwpKfg;gLj;jy;
Neha;f;fl;Lg;ghL> ePu; Kfhikj;Jtk;> mWtilf;Fg; gpe;jpa
njhopy;El;gq;fs; Mfpad njhlu;ghd Gjpa njhopy;El;gq;fis
mwpKfg;gLj;jy;.
me;je;j gpuNjrq;fspy; epyTk; kio tPo;r;rpg; Nghf;F>
fhyepiy> kz; epiyik Mfpatw;iw ed;whf Muha;e;J
ntq;fhag; gapu;r;nra;iff;Fk;> tpij cw;gj;jpf;Fk; nghUj;jkhd
fhy ml;ltizia mwpKfg;gLj;jy;.
2015 Kjy; 2017 tiuahd fhyg; gFjpapy; ntq;fha tpij cw;gj;jpapy;
KOPIA Kd;khjpup fpuhkq;fis mKy; nra;Ak; NghJ ngwg;gl;l
mDgtq;fis mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L ,e;E}y; Mf;fg;gl;lJ.
,J tptrhapfspw;Fk;> ntq;fha tpij cw;gj;jp njhlu;ghf Mu;tk;
nfhz;Ls;stu;fspw;Fk; gaDs;sjhf mikAk;.
V
tpupthf;f mYtyu;fspw;Fk;> tptrhapfspw;Fkhd ntq;fha tpij cw;gj;jp topfhl;ly;fs;
tpupthf;f mYtyu;fspw;Fk;> tptrhapfspw;Fkhd ntq;fha tpij cw;gj;jp topfhl;ly;fs;
nghUslf;fk;
01. ehw;WNkil Kfhikj;Jtk;................................................................................ 01
02. jha;f; Fkpo;fis cw;gj;jp nra;jy; .................................................................. 07
03. jha;f; Fkpo;fspd; mWtil>njupT nra;jy;>fsQ;rpag;gLj;jy;......................... 15
04. tpij ntq;fha cw;gj;jp ..................................................................................... 21
05. gapu;r;nra;if njhlu;ghd epfo;tpd Ma;Tfs;..................................................... 39
06. tptrha ,urhadq;fisg; ghJfhg;ghfg; gad;gLj;jy; ................................... 45
07. ntq;fha mr;rhW jahupj;jy; ............................................................................ 48
tpupthf;f mYtyu;fspw;Fk;> tptrhapfspw;Fkhd ntq;fha tpij cw;gj;jp topfhl;ly;fs;
tpupthf;f mYtyu;fspw;Fk;> tptrhapfspw;Fkhd ntq;fha tpij cw;gj;jp topfhl;ly;fs;
1
tpupthf;f mYtyu;fspw;Fk;> tptrhapfspw;Fkhd ntq;fha tpij cw;gj;jp topfhl;ly;fs;
01. ntq;fha tpijfis eLtjw;F
rpwe;j Neuk;
gpur;rpidfs;
y tpijf;Fk; gUtk;; gpe;jy;
- ngUk;ghyhd tptrhapfs; ntq;fha
tpijfis Nk ,Wjpapy;> my;yJ [{d;
Muk;gj;jpy; eLfpd;wdu;.
ehw;WNkilfis khu;r; 3 my;yJ 4 tJ thuj;jpy;
];jhgpj;jy; ehw;Wf;fis Nk 2tJ thuk; njhlf;fk;
[{d; 2tJ thuk; tiu ely;
- ,jdhy; kioahy; gapu; ghjpf;fg;gLk;.
Vnddpy; ntq;fhag; gapu;r;nra;if
gpe;Jtjhy; nrg;nuk;gupNyNa mWtil
nra;ag;gLk;.
jPu;Tfs;
y khu;r; eLg;gFjpapypUe;J Vg;uy; eLg;gFjp
tiuahd fhyj;jpy; tpijj;jy;
(khu;r; 15 - Vg;uy; 15).
y tpijfis Muk;gj;jpNyNa eLif nra;jhy;
Mf];by; mWtil nra;ayhk;. ,jdhy;
ghJfhg;ghf gapuplyhk;.
02. cfe;j mstpyhd tpijfis
ely;
gpur;rpid
y mlu;j;jpahf tpijj;jy;
- tptrhapfs; 1>000 rJu kPw;wupy; 600 fpuhk; tpijf;fpd;wdu;.
700
jPu;Tfs;
mjpf ehw;Wf;fs;
y cfe;j msthd tpijfis tpijf;fTk;.
tupirapy; eLtjhapd; 3 kP x 0.75 kP msthd
ghj;jpnahd;wpy; 35 fpuhik elTk;.
- rpghupR nra;ag;gl;l msT:- 500 fp / 1000
rJu kPw;wu;.
- ruhrupahf 100 fpuhkpy; 21>000 - 22>000
tpijfs; cs;sNjhL> 17>000 - 17>500
ehw;Wf;fis cw;gj;jp nra;ayhk;. Kisjpwd;
Fiwe;jhYk; $l 100 fpuhk; tpijfspy;
,Ue;J 15>000 ehw;Wf;fis cw;gj;jp
nra;ayhk;.
rupahd Kiwapy; elg;gl;l ehw;Wf;fs;
2
tpupthf;f mYtyu;fspw;Fk;> tptrhapfspw;Fkhd ntq;fha tpij cw;gj;jp topfhl;ly;fs;
- vdNt 500 fpuhk; tpijapy; 75>000
ehw;Wf;fis vjpu;ghu;f;fyhk;. ,J 1>000 rJu
kPw;wupw;F NghJkhdJ.
03. ehw;WNkiliaj; jahupj;jy;
gpur;rpidfs;
y xLq;fpa ehw;WNkil> Kiwahd tbfhd; ,d;ik.
- mlu;j;jpahf tpijf;fg;gl;l xLq;fpa ghj;jp.
- Kiwahf fhd;fis mikf;fhikahy;
mstpw;fjpkhd ePupdhy; ghjpf;fg;gly;.
jPu;Tfs;
rupahd Kiwapy; Maj;jk; nra;ag;gl;lg; ghj;jpfs;
y ehw;WNkil: epykhdJ jukhd ePUs;s
,lj;jpw;fUNf> rpwe;j #upa ntspr;rKk;> rpwe;j
ePu; tbg;Gs;s kz;Zk;.
- 50 rJu kPw;wu; ehw;WNkilf;F 500 fpuhk;
tpij NghJkhdJ.
- 80 r.kP - 100 r.kP mfykhd> 15 - 20 r.kP
caukhd> tptrhapfs; tpUk;gpasT
ePskhdit. Mdhy; 3 kPw;wNu cfe;jJ
y tbfhd;fis mikf;fTk;.
Bed size
ePu; tbe;J nry;tJ tpUj;jp nra;ag;gl;lg; ghj;jpfs;
04. eLk; MoKk;> ,ilntspAk;
gpur;rpid
y xLq;fpa ,ilntspAk;> mlu;j;jpahf tpijj;jYk;
- gytPdkhd ehw;Wf;fs;
kur; rl;lk;
3
tpupthf;f mYtyu;fspw;Fk;> tptrhapfspw;Fkhd ntq;fha tpij cw;gj;jp topfhl;ly;fs;
jPu;Tfs;
y tpijfis
el
Kd;
njhw;WePf;fQ; nra;aTk;.
ghj;jpfis
fl;lhak;
y tupirfspw;;fpilNa ,ilntsp 10 r.kP>
tpijfspw;fpilNa ,ilntsp 0.5 r.kP>
0.5 r.kP rl;lj;ijg; gad;gLj;jp ,yFthf
tpijf;fyhk;.
y tpijfis el;l gpd; njhw;WePf;fQ;
kz;zhy; my;yJ jtpl;lhy; %b tplTk;.
tpijfis eLk; ,ilntsp
Mok;
nra;j
y ghj;jpfis 3 - 5 r.kP jbg;ghd itf;Nfhypdhy;
%ba gpd;du;> ePUw;wTk;.
05. ehw;WNkilg; ghj;jpfis
njhw;WePf;fQ; nra;jy;
gpur;rpid
y ehw;WNkiliaj; njhw;W ePf;fQ; nra;ahik
jPu;Tfs;
y tpijfis el Kd; ghj;jpfis fl;lhak;
njhw;W ePf;fQ; nra;aTk;.
ckpAk;> itf;NfhYk; ,lg;gl;lg; ghj;jpfs;
- kz; Nkw;gug;gpypUe;J 20 r.kP Mok;
tiuapYs;s gPilfs;> fis tpijfs;>
Vida Mgj;jhd Ez;Zapu;fs;
mopf;fg;gLk;.
y kz;zpYs;s Neha;f; fhuzpfs; mopf;fg;gLk;.
- ghj;jpf;F eP&w;wp Nkyjpfkhd ePiu tba
tpl Ntz;Lk;.
y itf;Nfhy;> ckp Mfpatw;iw gilfshf ,l;L
vupj;J tplTk;.
- 3 - 4 gilfspy; itf;NfhiyAk;>
ckpiaAk; (xU gilapd; cauk; 15
r.kP) khwp> khwp ,lTk;. ,g;gilf;Ff;
fhw;wpw;F vjpu;j; jpirapy; jP %l;lTk;.
fhw;wpw;F vjpu;j;jpirapy; jP %l;ly;
4
tpupthf;f mYtyu;fspw;Fk;> tptrhapfspw;Fkhd ntq;fha tpij cw;gj;jp topfhl;ly;fs;
06. ehw;WNkilg; ghj;jpfis
Kfhikj;Jtk; nra;jy;
gpur;rpidfs;
y mbf;fb eP&w;wy;
- mjpfkhapd;:- <uj;jhy; ghjpf;fg;gly;>
mstpw;fjpfkhd tsu;r;rp
y ehw;WNkilapy; fisfis fl;Lg;gLj;jhjpUj;jy;>
ehw;Wf;fis Ijhf;fhky; tply;
mjpf <ug;gjdhy; Nrjkile;j ntq;fhag; gapu;
y mjpf tajhd ehw;Wf;fs;:- tpijfis el;L 40
ehl;fspw;F mjpfkhf itj;jpUj;jy;.
- tpisr;ry; Fwpg;gplj;jf;fsT FiwAk;
jPu;Tfs;
y kz;
epiyikia
nra;aTk;
mtjhdpj;J
y Neufhyj;Jld; fisfis
ehw;Wf;fis Ijhf;fTk;.
ePu;g;ghrdk;
mfw;wTk;.
Nkyjpf
y tpijj;J 35 - 40 ehl;fspy; ehw;Wf;fis elTk;.
ed;F tsu;r;rpaile;j gapu;
y ehw;Wf;fspd; tsu;r;rp Fiwthff; fhzg;gLkhapd;
20 fpuhk; A+wpahit 10 yPw;wu; ePUld; fye;J 3
rJu kPw;wu; gug;gsTs;s ghj;jpf;F tprpwTk;.
y A+wpah fyitia ,l;l
ehw;Wf;fis fOtp tplTk;.
gpd;
ePiu
mjp tpiuthf tsu;r;rpaile;j gapu;
07. ehw;Wf;fspw;fhd kiof; fhg;gf
trjpfs;
gpur;rpid
y kiof;fhd fhg;gf trjpfis ];jhgpf;fhik
- kiof; fhyj;jpy; gq;fR> gf;wPupah
Neha;fSk;> mjpfsthd ePuhy;
ghjpf;fg;glyhk;.
mjpfsthd <ug;gjd;> Neha;j; njhw;wypdhy;
ghjpf;fg;gl;l gapu;
5
tprpwp
tpupthf;f mYtyu;fspw;Fk;> tptrhapfspw;Fkhd ntq;fha tpij cw;gj;jp topfhl;ly;fs;
jPu;Tfs;
y kioapypUe;J
ghJfhg;gjw;F
kiof;fhd
fhg;gfj;ij ];jhgpj;jy;
- ntapy; fhyj;jpy; jpwe;J tply;.
- kiof;fhd fhg;gfj;ijg; gad;gLj;jp tpijg;
gapu;fspw;fhd jha;f;
Fkpo;fis cw;gj;jp
nra;tjw;fhd ehw;Wf;fs; fpilg;gij cWjp
nra;J nfhs;sTk;.
ehw;WNkilg; ghj;jpfspd; Nky; ,lg;gl;l nghypj;jPd;
y ehw;W Nkil kz;iz xspGf tplf; $ba
nghypj;jPidg; gad;gLj;jp #upa ntg;gj;jpdhy;
njhw;W ePf;fQ; nra;aTk;.
- ehw;WNkilf;F $l;nlUit ,l;L kz;Zld;
ed;F fye;j gpd;du;> mjid eP&w;wp
<ukhf;fp> nghypj;jPdhy; ,uz;L thuq;fspw;F
%b itf;fTk;. ,jdhy; #upa ntg;gj;jhy;
kz; njhw;W ePf;fQ; nra;ag;gLk;.
6
tpupthf;f mYtyu;fspw;Fk;> tptrhapfspw;Fkhd ntq;fha tpij cw;gj;jp topfhl;ly;fs;
7
tpupthf;f mYtyu;fspw;Fk;> tptrhapfspw;Fkhd ntq;fha tpij cw;gj;jp topfhl;ly;fs;
01. kz;iz tpUj;jp nra;jy;
gpur;rpidfs;
y nghUj;jkw;w> ePu; Fiwthf tbe;J
fhzpfspy; ntq;fhaj;ijg; gapuply;
nry;Yk;
- mstpw;fjpfkhd ePuhy; Vw;gLk; ghjpg;Gfs;
y kz;zpy; Fiwe;jsthd
fhzg;gly;
Nrjdg;
nghUl;fs;
- Fiwe;jsthd Fkpo; tpisr;ry;
ePu; tbg;G Fiwe;j xU Njhl;lj;jpy; gapu;fs;
y kz;iz Nkk;gLj;Jtjw;F khj;jpuky;yhJ
grisahfTk; $l;nlUit ,ly;
jPu;Tfs;
y ePu; ed;F tbe;J nry;Yk;> nghUj;jkhd kz;zpy;
ehw;Wf;fis ely;
- Nkyjpf ePiu ntspNaw;w tbfhid tpUj;jp
nra;aTk;.
y grisahf khj;jpuk; $l;nlUit ,lhJ> kz;iz
tpUj;jp nra;a Nghjpastpy; ,lTk;.
ePu; ed;F tbe;J nry;Yk; xU Njhl;lk;
02. ,lNtz;ba $l;nlUtpd;
msitj; jPu;khdpj;jy;
gpur;rpidfs;
y ngUk;ghyhd
,Ltjpy;iy.
tptrhapfs;
$l;nlUit
- Fkpo; tpisr;ry; Fwpg;gplj;jf;fsT FiwAk;.
y juq;Fd;wpa $l;nlUit
cf;fhjit).
jpwe;J itf;fg;gl;Ls;s $l;nlUf; Ftpay;
,ly;
y Nehahf;fpfs;
njhw;Wk;
ehw;Wf;fspd; tsu;r;rp Fd;wYk;.
(KOikahf
Mgj;Jf;fSk;>
jPu;Tfs;
y kz;iz cOk; NghJ Nghjpasthd $l;nlUit
,lTk;. ehw;W eLtjw;F 15 ehl;fspw;F Kd;du;.
- $l;nlU KOikahf cf;Fk; tiu
nghypj;jPidj; jpwf;fhky; itj;jpUf;fTk;.
y $l;nlUit ,Lk; msT: xU n`f;laupw;F 20
njhd;dpw;Fk; mjpfk; (kz; tiff;F mika)
ghJfhg;ghf %b itf;fg;gl;Ls;s $l;nlU
8
tpupthf;f mYtyu;fspw;Fk;> tptrhapfspw;Fkhd ntq;fha tpij cw;gj;jp topfhl;ly;fs;
03. grisfspd; msitj;
jPu;khdpj;jy;
rpghupR nra;ag;gl;l grisfspd; msT
(fp.fp/n`)
re;ijapYs;s $l;nlU tiffs;
gris tif
mbf;fl;Lg;
gris
Nkw;fl;Lg; gris
KjyhtJ
,uz;lhtJ
A+wpah
65
65
65
Kr;Rg;gu;
nghRNgw;W
100
-
-
kpAwpNaw;Wg;
nghl;lhR
50
-
25
gris ,l
Ntz;ba
Neuk;
eLtjw;F
1 - 2
ehl;fspw;F
Kd;
ehw;Wf;fis
el;L 3
thuq;fspd;
gpd;
40 tPj G+f;fs;
cUthFk;
NghJ my;yJ
ehw;W el;L
45 ehl;fspd;
gpd;
A+wpah
jPu;Tfs;
y ,lNtz;ba grisfspd; msit Njhl;l kz;zpd;
tsj;jpw;F mika jPu;khdpf;f Ntz;Lk;.
- mjpfsthd Nrjdg; nghUl;fisf; nfhz;l
kz;zpw;F Fiwe;jsthd grisfis
,lyhk;.
Kr;Rg;gu; nghRNgw;W
y rpghupR nra;ag;gl;l Neuj;jpy;> rpghupR nra;ag;gl;l
grisfspd; msit ,LtJ Kf;fpakhFk;.
kpAwpNaw;Wg; nghl;lhR
9
tpupthf;f mYtyu;fspw;Fk;> tptrhapfspw;Fkhd ntq;fha tpij cw;gj;jp topfhl;ly;fs;
04. ehw;WeLtjw;F rpghupR
nra;ag;gl;l Neuk;
gpur;rpidfs;
y ehw;Wf;fis gpe;jp ely;
- ngUk;ghyhd tptrhapfs; [{d; ,Wjpapy;
my;yJ [{iy Muk;gj;jpy; eLfpd;wdu;.
- ,J kioapdhy; ghjpf;fg;gLk;. Vnddpy;
gpe;jp eLtjhy; nrg;nuk;gu; ,WjpapNyNa
mWtil nra;ag;gLk;.
ghuk;gupa Kiw - [{d; ,WjpapypUe;J rpghupR
nra;ag;gl;l Kiw - Nk ,Wjp
- tsUk; NghJ mjpf <ug;gjid jhq;fp
tsu;e;jhYk;> Fkpo;fs; cUthFk; NghJ
mjpf <ug;gjdhy; ghjpf;fg;gLk;.
jPu;Tfs;
y ehw;Wf;fis Nk ,Wjpapy; el Ntz;Lk;. ,jdhy;
Mf];by; ghJfhg;ghf mWtil nra;J nfhs;s
KbAk;.
y Nkyjpf
ePiu
mikf;fTk;.
ntspNaw;w
tbfhd;fis
05. ehw;Wf;fis Kiwahff; ifahsy;
gpur;rpidfs;
y iffspdhy; gpLq;Ftjhy; Ntu;fs; ghjpf;fg;gLk;
- Fiwe;j tsu;r;rp> gq;fR njhw;wy;
y ehw;Wf;fis Ijhf;fhik
- gytPdkhd ehw;Wf;fs;
jPu;Tfs;
Ntu;fs; ghjpf;fg;gl;l ntq;fhag; gapu;
y Ntu;fs; ghjpf;fg;gLtijj; jtpu;f;f ehw;Wf;fisg;
gpLq;f Kd; Nkilfis <ukhf;fTk;.
- Ntu;fs; ghjpf;fg;gLtijj; jtpu;f;f
cgfuzq;fisg; gad;gLj;jTk;.
- nfhupa 'N`h" itg; gad;gLj;jpdhy;
Ntu;fs; FiwthfNt ghjpf;fg;gLk;.
y MNuhf;fpakhd>
gad;gLj;jTk;.
Ntu;fspw;Fg; ghjpg;G Vw;glhky; ehw;Wf;fisg; gpLq;fs;
10
ed;F
tsu;e;j
ehw;Wf;fisg;
tpupthf;f mYtyu;fspw;Fk;> tptrhapfspw;Fkhd ntq;fha tpij cw;gj;jp topfhl;ly;fs;
- gytPdkhd ehw;Wf;fis mfw;wTk;.
ehw;Wf;fspd; tsu;r;rpaile;Js;s msit
mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L njupT nra;aTk;.
y rPuhd gapiug; ngWtjw;fhf ngupa ehw;Wf;fisAk;>
rpwpa ehw;Wf;fisAk; jdpj;jdpahf elTk;.
06. ehw;Wf;fis elYk;>
,ilntspAk;
gpur;rpidfs;
y Mokhf ely;
- gpe;jp Ntu; tply;
y mlu;j;jpahf ely;
- rpwpa Fkpo;fNs cUthFk;
y vOe;jkhdkhf ely;
- gpe;jp Ntu;tplYk;> rpwpa Fkpo;fSk;
eLtjw;F cfe;j ntq;fha ehw;Wf;fs;
y ehw;Wf;fis gpioahf ely;
jPu;Tfs;
y ehw;Wf;fis Neuhf elTk;.
y tupirfspy; eLk; NghJ xspAk;> fhw;Nwhl;lKk;
rPuhff; fpilf;Fk;.
y 10 r.kP ,ilntspapy; elTk;. neUf;fkhf el
Ntz;lhk;.
ehw;Wf;fspw;fpilNa rupahd ,ilntspiag;
guhkupg;gjw;fhd vspaNjhu; cgfuzk;
rupahd ,ilntspapy; elg;gl;l ntq;fhag; gapu;
11
tpupthf;f mYtyu;fspw;Fk;> tptrhapfspw;Fkhd ntq;fha tpij cw;gj;jp topfhl;ly;fs;
07. fisfisf; fl;Lg;gLj;jy;
gpur;rpidfs;
y Muk;gg; gUtq;fspy; ehw;Wf;fis mfw;wy;
Mdhy; gpe;jpa gUtq;fspy; if tply;
- tsu;r;rpAk;> tpisr;rYk; Fd;wy;
jPu;Tfs;
y fisfisf;
fl;Lg;gLj;j
Muk;gj;jpNyNa tprpwTk;.
fisfs; fl;Lg;gLj;jg;glhj ntq;fhag; gapu;
fisehrpdpfis
- fisehrpdpfis Kd;dNu tprpwTk;. ehw;W
el;L 12 ehl;fspw;Fs;
- Muk;gj;jpy; iffspdhy; gpLq;f Ntz;Lk;.
Vnddpy; fisfisg; gpLq;Fk; NghJ
gapu;fs; ghjpf;fg;glyhk;.
- tuk;Gfs; cl;gl KOj; Njhl;lj;jpw;Fk;
fisehrpdpia tprpwTk;.
rpwg;ghfg; guhkupf;fg;gl;l ntq;fhaj; Njhl;lk;
rupahd ,ilntspapy; elg;gl;Ls;s ntq;fhak;
08. ehw;W el;l gpd; ehw;WNkil
Kfhikj;Jtk;
gpur;rpidfs;
y tsu;r;rpf;Fk;> Fkpo; ngUFtjw;Fk; mjpfsthd
fspia my;yJ Fiwthd ePu; tbe;J nry;Yk;
kz; nghUj;jkhdjy;y.
y Fkpo;fs; cUthFk; NghJ njhlu;r;rpahf
ePu;g;ghrdk; nra;jy;.
12
Ntu; mOfpa Fkpo;
tpupthf;f mYtyu;fspw;Fk;> tptrhapfspw;Fkhd ntq;fha tpij cw;gj;jp topfhl;ly;fs;
- Ntu;fs; mOFtjhy; juk; Fd;wYk;>
tpisr;ry; FiwjYk;
y Ntu;fs; mOFk;.
jPu;Tfs;
y tsu;r;rpg; gUtj;jpw;F mika ePu; Cw;wy;>
kz; <ug;gjidg; Nghjpastpy; guhkupf;f
- Muk;gg; gUtj;jpy; (xU khjkhFk; tiu)
xt;nthU 04 ehl;fspw;Fk; xU jlit
ePu; Fiwthf tbe;J nry;Yk; xU Njhl;lk;
- eLg;gFjpapy; xt;nthU 06 ehl;fspw;Fk; xU
jlit
- mWtil nra;tjw;F 2 thuq;fspw;F Kd;du;
ePu;g;ghrdk; nra;tij epWj;jTk;.
- cau; jukhd Fkpo;fSld; mjpf tpisr;ry;
y kz; tiff;fika ePu;g;ghrdk; nra;jy;
y kio ePiu ntspNaw;w tbfhd;fis mikj;jy;
mjpfsthd <ug;gjdhy; ghjpf;fg;gl;l gapu;
09. me;jpuf;NehR gq;fR Nehiaf;
fl;Lg;gLj;Jtjw;fhd topfhl;b
mwpFwpfs;
y Muk;gj;jpy;
ghjpf;Fk;.
me;jpuf;NehR njhw;wNyw;gl;l gapu;
wOsl f;;ukh ksid ydks jQ j.dj
,iyfisAk;>
jz;LfisAk;
y Muk;gj;jpy; rpwpa> xOq;fw;w> ntz;zpw> kQ;rs;>
nrk;kQ;rs;
epwg;
Gs;spfshff;
fhzg;gLk;.
Gs;spfs; ngupjhfp> fLk; epwkhd tisaq;fshf
khwp> tpj;jpfis cw;gj;jp nra;Ak;.
y KOj; jhtuj;ijAk; ghjpf;Fk;
y gapupd; vg;gUtj;jpYk; ghjpf;fg;glyhk;.
y ehw;Wf;fspy; njhw;Wf;fs; Vw;gLk; NghJ mit
,wf;Fk;.
y tpijfspd; Fiwe;jsthd tho;jfT
13
tpupthf;f mYtyu;fspw;Fk;> tptrhapfspw;Fkhd ntq;fha tpij cw;gj;jp topfhl;ly;fs;
me;jpuf;NehRitf; fl;Lg;gLj;jy;
y vt;thW jLg;gJ ?
- tpijfis Kiwahfj; njupT nra;jy;>
Neha;fsw;w tpijfis cWjp nra;jy;>
Njhl;l Rfhjhuj;ij Nkw;nfhs;sy;>
MNuhf;fpakhd ehw;Wf;fis khj;jpuk; ely;.
y ehshe;jk; njhlu;r;rpahf Nkw;ghu;it nra;tJ
Kf;fpakhFk;.
- mwpFwpfisf; fz;lJk; rpghupR nra;ag;gl;l
gq;fR ehrpdpfis> rpghupR nra;ag;gl;l
msT tprpwTk;.
- gq;fR ehrpdpfis tprpw Kd; ghjpf;fg;gl;l
nrbfis kz;Zld; mfw;wp tplTk;.
- kio ehl;fspy; rpghupR nra;ag;gl;l
ehrpdpfis 7 ehl;fspw;nfhU jlit
tprpwTk;.
- njhw;wNyw;gl;l ,iyfisAk;>
jz;LfisAk; $l;nlUitj; jahupg;gjw;Fg;
gad;gLj;j Ntz;lhk;.
- mWtil nra;j gpd; KOj; Njhl;lj;ijAk;
xOq;fhf Rj;jk; nra;aTk;.
y vt;thW fl;Lg;gLj;JtJ ?
me;jpuf;NehRtpdhy; ghjpf;fg;gl;l nrb
- kio nga;jTld; cldbahf gq;fR
ehrpdpfis tprpwTk;.
- mwpFwpfis mtjhdpj;jJk; njhw;wNyw;gl;l
ghfq;fis mfw;wpa gpd;; rpghupR nra;ag;gl;l
gq;fR ehrpdpfis tprpwTk;.
- xNu ehrpdpiaj; njhlu;r;rpahf tprpwhJ> gy
ehrpdpfis khwp> khwp tprpwTk;.
14
tpupthf;f mYtyu;fspw;Fk;> tptrhapfspw;Fkhd ntq;fha tpij cw;gj;jp topfhl;ly;fs;
15
tpupthf;f mYtyu;fspw;Fk;> tptrhapfspw;Fkhd ntq;fha tpij cw;gj;jp topfhl;ly;fs;
01. jha;f;Fkpo;fis mWtil nra;jy;
gpur;rpidfs;
y Ke;jp mWtil nra;jy;
- Fiwe;j tpisr;ry;
y gpe;jp mWtil nra;jy;
mWtil nra;tjw;F Maj;jkhd epiyapYs;s
ngupa ntq;fhaj; Njhl;lk; 75 - 90 ehl;fs;
- tpisr;ry; mjpfupf;Fk; Mdhy; Jiz
tsu;r;rpapd; (Gjpa Ntu;fs;) fhuzkhf juq;
Fd;wy;
jPu;Tfs;
y rupahd Neuj;jpy; mWtil nra;jy;
- 50 tPjkhd jhtuq;fspd; fOj;Jfs; Kwpe;J
tpOe;jJk; Fkpo;fs; mWtil nra;af; $ba
gUtj;ij mile;jpUf;Fk; (2 thuq;fspd; gpd;
80 - 90 tPjkhd ,iyfs; KwpAk; my;yJ
rha;e;J tpOk;).
mWtil nra;tjw;Fg; gpe;jpa xU Njhl;lk;
- me;jpuf;NehRtpd; njhw;wypw;F my;yJ
mstpw;fjpfkhd <uj;jpdhy; fhaq;fs;
Vw;gLkhapd; tpiuthf Fkpo;fis
mWtil nra;aTk;. Vnddpy; Fkpo;fs;
tpiutpy; mOff; $badthFk;.
y ntapy; ehnshd;wpy; mWtil nra;aTk;.
mWtil nra;a Kd;du; Fkpo;fisr; #oTs;s
kz;iz nghUj;jkhd cgfuzj;jpdhy;
jsu;thf;fTk;. Mdhy; Fkpo;fspw;F Nrjk;
Vw;glhJ mtjhdkhapUf;fTk;.
Jiz Ntu; tsu;r;rp
02. jha;f;Fkpo;fs; RUsy;
gpur;rpidfs;
y mWtil nra;jTld; cldbahfNt ,iyfis
mfw;wp cyu tply;.
- Fkpo;fspd; msT Fiwjy;
y fhw;Nwhl;lk; Fiwthd> ,Ushd ,lq;fspy;
Fkpo;fis cyu tply;.
ntq;fhajijg; gpLq;fpa gpd;du; Njhl;lj;jpy; gutp
cyu tply; (3 - 4 ehl;fs;)
- mOfpa Fkpo;fs;
16
tpupthf;f mYtyu;fspw;Fk;> tptrhapfspw;Fkhd ntq;fha tpij cw;gj;jp topfhl;ly;fs;
jPu;Tfs;
y mWtil nra;j ntq;fhaj;jpd; ,iyfis ntl;lhJ
Njhl;lj;jpNyNa gutp tplTk;. epoyhd ,lj;jpy;
3 - 4 ehl;fspw;F cyu;j;jTk;.
- ntq;fhaj; jhs;fs; cyUk; NghJ
,iyfspYs;s Nghrizfs; Fkpo;fspw;Fr;
nry;tjhy;> mit ngUf;Fk;.
ntq;fhaj;jhs; Koikahf fgpy epwkhFk; tiu
cyu tply;
- kio nga;Akhapd; fsQ;rpaq;fspy; my;yJ
%lg;gl;l ,lj;jpy; rpwe;j fhw;Nwhl;lj;jpd;
fPo; cyu;j;jTk;.
y Nkyjpf ePiu mfw;wpa gpd;du;> Fkpo;fis
ghJfhg;ghd fsQ;rpaj;jpy; cyu;j;jTk;.
ntq;fhar; nrbfisg; gpLq;fpaJk; jhs;fis
ntl;b tpl;y;
03. ntq;fha tpisr;rypy; Edpfis
mfw;Wk; fhyj;jpd; jhf;fk;
gpur;rpid
y mWtil nra;jTld; ntq;fha Edpfis
cldbahf mfw;wp> cyu tply;
KbTfs;
Fkpo;fs; mOFtjpy; ntq;fhaj; jhspd;
Comparison of
nry;onion
thf;F leaf drying
rate
y gupNrhjidapd; NghJ (39 ehl;fspd; gpd;du;)
- Fkpo;fspd; ruhrup epiw (Edp ntl;L):
56.9 fpuhk;
- Fkpo;fspd; ruhrup epiw (EdpfSld;):
65.3 fpuhk;
- Fkpo;fspd; mOFk; tPjk; (Edp ntl;L):
17.3 %
- Fkpo;fspd; mOFk; tPjk; (EdpfSld;):
3.5 %
mWtil nra;j cld; cldbahf jhis
ntl;ly;
17
tpupthf;f mYtyu;fspw;Fk;> tptrhapfspw;Fkhd ntq;fha tpij cw;gj;jp topfhl;ly;fs;
y Edpfis ntl;lhJ cyu;j;Jk; NghJ tpisr;ryhdJ
16 tPjj;jpdhy; mjpfupj;jJ. mOfyhdJ 5
klq;fpdhy; Fiwe;jJ.
y cyUk;
NghJ
EdpapypUe;J
Fkpo;fspw;F
Nghrizfs; nry;tjhy; Fkpo;fspd; gUkDk;>
epiwAk; mjpfupf;Fk;.
ntq;fhaj;jhis ntl;Lk; fhyj;Jld; Fkpo;
mOFk; tPjk; khWk; tpjk;
y Edpfis ntl;lhJ Fkpo;fis cyu;j;Jtjw;Nf
rpghupR nra;ag;gl;Ls;sJ.
04. jha;f;Fkpo;fisf;
fsQ;rpag;gLj;jy;
gpur;rpidfs;
y Fiwe;j fhw;Nwhl;lj;jpd; fPo; $iufspw;Ff; fPo;
fl;bj; njhq;f tply;
- Fkpo;fs; mjpfstpy; mOFk;.
y ,iy Edpfisf; fl;ilahf ntl;ly;
$iuapd; fPo; njhq;f tplg;gl;Ls;s Fkpo;fs;
- ntl;L Kidfspd; Clhf Neha;fhuzpfs;
Eiotjhy;> mjpf vz;zpf;ifahd Fkpo;fs;
mOFk;.
jPu;Tfs;
y ntq;fhaj; jhs; cyu;e;j gpd; Fkpo;fisr; Nrkpj;J
itf;fTk;. fOj;jpw;Fr; rw;W Nky; jhisAk;
(2 - 3 r.kP)> Ntu;fisAk; ntl;ba gpd; ntq;fhaj;ijr;
Nrkpf;fTk;.
y rpwe;j
fhw;Nwhl;lKs;s
fsQ;rpag;gLj;jp itg;gjhy;
fhyj;ij mjpfupf;fyhk;.
,whf;iffspy; gutp tplg;gl;Ls;s Fkpo;fs;
,whf;iffspy;
Nrkpj;J itf;Fk;
y fsQ;rpag;gLj;jp
itf;Fk;
NghJ
mbf;fb
mtjhdpj;J> mOfpa Fkpo;fis mfw;wp tplTk;.
y $iufspd; fPo; fl;bj; njhq;f tpLk; NghJ
fhw;Nwhl;lKs;sthW> Fkpo;fs; xd;wpd; kPJ xd;W
glhj tifapy; Nrkpj;J itf;fTk;.
rupahfg; gutp tplg;gl;Ls;s Fkpo;fs;
18
tpupthf;f mYtyu;fspw;Fk;> tptrhapfspw;Fkhd ntq;fha tpij cw;gj;jp topfhl;ly;fs;
05. ngupa ntq;fhaf; Fkpo;fspw;F
fsQ;rpa trjpfis ];jhgpj;jy;
gpur;rpidfs;
y ,lj;ijj;
njupT
nra;jy;:
ghJfhg;ghd>
fhw;Nwhl;lKs;s
Ntz;Lk;.
kioePupypUe;J
,lkhapUj;jy;
y fsQ;rpaq;fis ];jhgpj;jy;
- Nghjpasthd ,ltrjp fhzg;gLkhapd;
,whf;iffspy; xU gilahf ntq;fhaj;ij
gutp tplTk;.
- fsQ;rpa trjpfs; Nghjpastpy; ,y;yhj
NghJ 5 gilfspy; ntq;fhaj;ijr; Nrkpj;J
itf;fTk; (xt;nthU gilfspw;FkpilNa 50
r.kP ,ilntsp ,Uj;jy; Ntz;Lk;).
xU gilahff; Fkpo;fisr; Nrkpj;jy;
- gf;fr; Rtu;fs; ,y;yhJ jpwe;jjhf
,Uf;Fkhapd; fhw;Nwhl;lk; mjpfupf;Fk;.
- jiuapypUe;J 50 r.kP cauj;jpy;
,whf;iffis mikf;fTk;.
- ,uz;L gilfspw;F ,ilapyhd ,ilntsp
60 - 70 r.kP Mf ,Uj;jy; Ntz;Lk;. xU
jl;bd; mfyk; 80 r.kP MFk;.
Ie;J jl;Lfspy; Nrkpj;jy;
xU ,whf;ifapy; 2 - 3 gilfs;
06. jha;f;Fkpo;fisj; njupT nra;jy;
gpur;rpidfs;
y Fkpo;fisj; njupT
Nrkpj;J itj;jy;.
ed;F cyu;j;jpa ntq;fhaf; Fkpo;fs;
19
nra;ahJ
fsQ;rpaq;fspy;
tpupthf;f mYtyu;fspw;Fk;> tptrhapfspw;Fkhd ntq;fha tpij cw;gj;jp topfhl;ly;fs;
y KOikahf cyu;j;jhJ jha;f; Fkpo;fisr;
Nrkpj;J itg;gjhy; mOFk; tPjk; mjpfupf;Fk;.
jPu;Tfs;
y mWtil nra;j Fkpo;fspy; rpwe;j
MNuhf;fpakhd>
Neha;>
gPilfspd;
,y;yhjtw;iwj; njupT nra;aTk;.
jukhd>
jhf;fk;
y fpukkhf
mtjhdpj;J>
mOfpa
Fkpo;fis
mfw;wTk;. Fkpo;fs; mOFtijj; jtpu;g;gjw;F
kPsTk; cyu itj;j gpd; Nrkpf;fTk;.
fsQ;rpaj;jpy; Fkpo; mOfy;
y ntq;fhaj; jhs;fs; KOikahf cyu;e;j gpd;du;
mbapy; 2 - 3 r.kP I khj;jpuk; kPjkhf tpl;L>
Vidatw;iw ntl;b tplTk;.
y cq;fs; Njhl;lj;jpw;F mtrpakhd jha;f;
Fkpo;fisr; Nrkpj;J itf;fTk;.
- 50 - 80 fpuhk; epiwAs;s Fkpo;fisj;
njupT nra;aTk; (50 rJu kPw;wupw;F 1>000
Fkpo;fs;).
jukhd ntq;fhaf; Fkpo;fs;
20
tpupthf;f mYtyu;fspw;Fk;> tptrhapfspw;Fkhd ntq;fha tpij cw;gj;jp topfhl;ly;fs;
21
tpupthf;f mYtyu;fspw;Fk;> tptrhapfspw;Fkhd ntq;fha tpij cw;gj;jp topfhl;ly;fs;
01. tpij ntq;fha cw;gj;jpf;F
kiof;fhd ghJfhg;gpy;yq;fisg;
gad;gLj;jy;
gpur;rpidfs;
y jw;NghJs;s
nghypj;jPd;
ghJfhg;gpy;yq;fis
ehs;NjhWk; jpwe;J> %LtJ fbdkhFk;. ,J
fhw;wpdhYk;> kioapdhYk; ghjpf;fg;gLtjw;fhd
tha;g;Gfs; mjpfkhFk;.
tptrhapfs; gad;gLj;Jk; kiof;fhg;G
y ghJfhg;gpy;yq;fis xOq;fhf epu;khzpf;fhj
NghJ ePupdhy; Fkpo;fs; ghjpf;fg;gLk;.
- kz;zpy; ePu; kpifahff; fhzg;gLk; NghJ
me;jpuf;NehR gq;fR Neha; Vw;gLk;.
- G+f;Fk; rkaj;jpy; kio nga;Ak; NghJ
kfue;j kzpfs; fOtpr; nry;yg;gLk;.
,jdhy; kfue;jr; Nru;f;if miltJ
FiwtNjhL> tpisr;rYk; FiwAk;.
jPu;Tfs;
cau; jukhd kiof;fhg;gpy;yk;
y kioapypUe;J ghJfhg;gjw;fhf tpijfs; Njhd;w
Kd;dNu kiof;fhd ghJfhg;gpy;yj;ij
epu;khzpf;fTk;.
y fhw;wpdhYk;> kioapdhYk; ghjpf;fg;glhjthW
ghJfhg;gpy;yq;fis epu;khzpf;fTk;.
y gFjpahf epue;jukhd ghJfhg;gpy;yq;fis
epu;khzpj;jhYk; $l ntq;fhak; ghJfhg;ghf
tsu;tNjhL> Njitahd njhopyhsu;fisAk;
kPjg;gLj;jpf; nfhs;s KbAk;.
02. ntq;fha tpijg; gapu;fspw;fhf
Njhl;lj;ijj; njupT nra;jy;
gpur;rpidfs;
y nts;s Mgj;J Vw;glhj epykhf ,Uj;jy;
Ntz;Lk;.
y ePu; ed;F tbe;J nry;yf; $ba> ,yFthd
kz;izf; nfhz;l> 6.0 - 8.0 tiuahd gP.vr;
tPr;rpy; cs;s kz; cfe;jJ.
y ,yFtpy; nry;yf; $ba ,lj;ijj; njupT
nra;aTk;.
ehw;WNkilg; ghj;jp
22
tpupthf;f mYtyu;fspw;Fk;> tptrhapfspw;Fkhd ntq;fha tpij cw;gj;jp topfhl;ly;fs;
y Nghjpasthd #upa ntspr;rKs;s ,lkhf
,Uj;jy;
- Nghjpasthd #upa ntspr;rk; tpOtjw;F
trjpahf epoy; jUk; kuq;fis jwpf;fTk;.
y cyu; fhyj;jpw; gad;gLj;Jtjw;F trjpahf
Njhl;lj;jpw;fUNf ePu; Mjhuk; ,Uj;jy; Ntz;Lk;.
Njhz;lg;gl;lf; fpzW
03. epyj;ijg; gz;gLj;jy;
gpur;rpidfs;
y $l;nlUit ,lhJ ePz;l fhyj;jpw;Fj;
njhlu;r
; r
; pahf ,urhadg; grisfis ,Ltjdhy;
kz; tskpof;fg;gly;.
y Gjpa Nfhop vUitg; gad;gLj;jy;.
- Gjpa Nfhop vUit ,Ltjdhy; ehw;Wf;fs;
ghjpf;fg;gLk;.
jPu;Tfs;
itf;NfhYk;> ckpAk;
y $l;nlU> ney; ckp> gFjpahf vupf;fg;gl;l ney;
ckp (capupay; - fup)> itf;Nfhy; Mfpatw;iwg;
gad;gLj;Jtjd; %yk; kz;iz tpUj;jp nra;ayhk;.
- kz;iz tpUj;jp nra;tjw;fhf xt;nthU
tUlKk; Nghjpasthd $l;nlUit
(10 - 12 njh/n`) ,lTk;.
y ntq;fhag;
gapu;r;nra;ifapy;
itf;Nfhiy
Nrjdg;
grisahfTk;>
Nrjdg;
gj;jpuf;
fyitahfTk; gad;gLj;jyhk;.
- Nfhop vUit Kiwahfg; gjg;gLj;jhJ>
Nrjdg; grisahf ,l Ntz;lhk;.
itf;Nfhy;> ckp> $l;nlU ,lg;gl;l Njhl;lk;
kz; gpul;baj; Njhl;lk;
y kz;iz tpUj;jp nra;a 1>000 rJu kPw;wupw;Fr;
rpghupR nra;ag;gl;l msT 1>000 fpNyh $l;nlU
1>000 fp.fp ney; ckp + 500 fp.fp itf;Nfhy;
23
tpupthf;f mYtyu;fspw;Fk;> tptrhapfspw;Fkhd ntq;fha tpij cw;gj;jp topfhl;ly;fs;
04. tpij ntq;fhaj;ijg; ngw ehw;W
elKd; kz;iz #upa xspapdhy;
njhw;W ePf;fQ; nra;jy;
y cq;fsJ Njhl;l kz;iz #upa ntg;gj;jpdhy;
njhw;W ePf;fQ; nra;a gpd;tUk; gbKiwfisg;
gpd;gw;wTk;.
01. Njhl;lj;jpy; rPuhd mstpy; $l;nlU> ney;
ckp> itf;Nfhy; Mfpatw;iwg; gutp tplTk;.
$l;nlU> ckp> itf;Nfhy; Mfpatw;iw rPuhfg; gutp
tplTk;
02. ,jid Row; fyg;igahy; kz;Zld; ed;whff;
fye;J tplTk;.
03. ntq;fhaf;
Fkpo;fis
mikf;fTk;.
el
tuk;Gfis
04. kz; NghjpasT <ukhFk; tiu eP&w;wTk;.
05. kz;zhdJ ePiu cwpQ;rpa gpd; epyj;ij
nghypj;jPdhy; %b tplTk;.
06. fhw;W ntspNawhj tz;zk; nghypj;jPdpd;
Xuq;fis kz;zpy; Gijj;J tplTk;.
07. fhyepiyiag; nghWj;J 20 - 30 ehl;fspw;F
nghypj;jPdhy; %b itf;fTk;.
kz;izg; gpul;ba gpd;du; fhd;fis mikf;fTk;
nghypj;jPdhy; kz;iz %b kz;zpy;
Gijj;J tplTk;
kz; <ukhFk; tiu NghjpasT ePu;g;ghrdk; nra;aTk;
05. #upa ntg;gj;jpdhy; njhw;W
ePf;fQ; nra;j gpd;dUk;> mjd;
ed;ikfSk;;
y #upa ntg;gj;jpdhy; njhw;WePf;fQ; nra;j gpd;du;
- KOikahfj; njhw;WePf;fQ; nra;j gpd;du;
nghypj;jPid mfw;wp tplTk;. mjid
Rj;jkhff; fOtp gj;jpukhf itf;fTk;>
jpUk;gTk; gad;gLj;j KbAk;.
#upa ntg;gj;jpdhy; kz;izj; njhw;WePf;fQ; nra;jy;
24
tpupthf;f mYtyu;fspw;Fk;> tptrhapfspw;Fkhd ntq;fha tpij cw;gj;jp topfhl;ly;fs;
- mbf;fl;Lg; grisfis ,l;L> 10 r.kP Mok;
tiu kz;Zld; ed;whff; fye;J tplTk;.
y ed;ikfs;
- #upa ntg;gj;jpdhy; njhw;W ePf;fQ; nra;Ak;
NghJ kz;zpd; ntg;gepiy mjpfupf;Fk;.
,J epy kl;lj;jpypUe;J 20 r.kP Mok;
tiuAs;s ngUk;ghyhd Neha;f; fhuzpfs;>
nekw;Nwhl;Lf;fs;> fis tpijfs;> fis
ehw;Wf;fs; Mfpatw;iw mopf;Fk;.
njhw;WePf;fQ; nra;ag;gl;Ls;s kz;zpy; ed;F
tsu;r;rpaile;j ntq;fhag; gapu;fs;
- ntq;fhag; gapu;fs; MNuhf;fpakhf
tsu;tNjhL> jukhd> mjpf tpisr;riyj;
jUk;.
- ney; ckp> itf;Nfhy;> $l;nlU
Mfpatw;iw ,Ltjdhy; grisg;
ghtid tpidj;jpwd; mjpfupg;gNjhL>
kz;Zk; tpUj;jpailAk;.
y kz;zpy; <ug;gjd; Nghjpastpy; ,y;yhj NghJ
kz; Fiwe;jstpNyNa njhw;W ePf;fk; milAk;.
y tUlhe;jk; eLif nra;a Kd;du; #upa
ntg;gj;jpdhy; njhw;WePf;fQ; nra;a Ntz;Lk;.
06. tpij cw;gj;jpf;fhf jha;f;
Fkpo;fis eLif nra;jy;
y KOPIAtpdhy; mwpKfg;gLj;jg;gl;l kiof;fhg;G
,y;yj;jpd; gug;gsT:- 50 rJu kPw;wu; MFk;.
- 2.5 kPw;wu; mfyk; x 20 kP ePsk;
y ghj;jpapd; mfyk; 100 r.kP x 2 kP.
y jha;f;Fkpo;fis eLk; ,ilntsp 20 x 20 r.kP
gpur;rpidfs;
y ngUk;ghyhd tptrhapfs; jha;f; Fkpo;fisj;
njupT nra;tjpy;iy (80 - 100 fpuhk;).
- rpwpa Fkpo;fis eLtjhy; Fiwe;j tpij
tpisr;ry;
- ngupa jha;f;Fkpo;fis eLk; NghJ tpij
tpisr;ry; mjpfupf;Fk;. Mdhy; nryTk;
mjpfupf;Fk;.
ntq;fhaj; jha;f; Fkpo;fs;
25
tpupthf;f mYtyu;fspw;Fk;> tptrhapfspw;Fkhd ntq;fha tpij cw;gj;jp topfhl;ly;fs;
jPu;Tfs;
y cq;fsJ Njhl;lj;jpw;Fj; Njitahd
jha;f;Fkpo;fis Maj;jk; nra;aTk;.
- rpghupR nra;ag;gl;l msT: 500 rJu kPw;wupw;F
gj;jhapuk; (10>000) jha;f; Fkpo;fs;
- ,jid tpl Nkyjpfkhf gj;J tPjj;ijAk;
njupT nra;aTk;. mOFk; Fkpo;fspw;Fg;
gjpyhf eLtjw;F ,it mtrpakhFk;.
Fspuhd ,lj;jpy; Nrkpj;J itj;j Fkpo;fs;>
gupfupf;fg;glhj Fkpo;fs; Mfpatw;wpypUe;J
cUthFk; gapu;fis xg;gply;
07. Fspuhd ,lj;jpy; Nrkpj;J
itg;gjhy; Vw;gLk; jhf;fq;fs;
Fspuhd ,lj;jpy; Nrkpj;J itf;fg;gl;l> Nrkpj;J
itf;fg;glhj jha;f; Fkpo;fis xg;gply;.
KbTfSk;> KbTiuAk;
y Fspuhd ,lj;jpy; Nrkpj;J itg;gjhy; Vw;gLk;
ed;ikfs;
G+f;fhk;G tpUj;jpailjy; (el;L 45 ehl;fspd; gpd;)
G+f;Fk; fhyk; (el;L 60 ehl;fspd; gpd;)
fha;f;Fk; fhyk; (el;L 75 ehl;fspd; gpd;)
- G+f;Fk; fhyk;: Fspuhd ,lj;jpy; Nrkpj;J
itf;fhj Fkpo;fis tpl 1 khjj;jpw;F
Kd;dNu G+f;Fk;.
- mWtilf; fhyk;: Fspuhd ,lj;jpy; Nrkpj;J
itf;fhj Fkpo;fis tpl 1 thuj;jpw;F
Kd;dNu mWtil nra;ayhk;.
- G+f;fhk;Gfspd; vz;zpf;if: Fspuhd ,lj;jpy;
Nrkpj;J itf;Fk; NghJ xt;nthU nrbapYk;
1 - 2 G+e;Jzu;fs; mjpfkhfj; Njhd;Wk;.
- tskhd kfue;j kzpfs;: Fspuhd ,lj;jpy;
Nrkpj;J itf;fg;gl;litfspy; 20 tPjk;
mjpfkhff; fhzg;gLk;.
y vdNt Fspuhd ,lj;jpy; Nrkpj;J itf;Fk;
NghJ G+tUk;Gfs; cUthFtJ Jz;lg;gLtNjhL>
mUk;G cUthfy;> G+j;jy; vd;gdTk; tpij
tpisr;riyg; ghjpf;Fk;.
mWtilf; fhyk; (el;L 90 ehl;fspd; gpd;)
y mjpfsthd tpij tpisr;riyg; ngw jha;f;
Fkpo;fis Fspuhd ,lj;jpy; Nrkpj;J itj;j
gpd;dNu el Ntz;Lk;.
26
tpupthf;f mYtyu;fspw;Fk;> tptrhapfspw;Fkhd ntq;fha tpij cw;gj;jp topfhl;ly;fs;
08. ntq;fha jha;f; Fkpo;fis
Fspuhd ,lj;jpy; Nrkpj;J
itj;jy;
gpur;rpidfs;
y Fspuhd ,lj;jpy; Nrkpj;J itf;fhJ
jha;f; Fkpo;fis ely;
- gpe;jp G+g;gjhYk;> Fiwe;j vz;zpf;ifahd
G+f;fhk;GfNs cUthFtjhYk; Fiwe;j
tpij tpisr;ry;
njupT nra;ag;gl;lj; jhaf;Fkpo;fs;
y nghUj;jkw;w gupfupf;Fk; fhyk;
- Fiwe;j fhyj;jpw;F Fspuhd ,lj;jpy;
Nrkpj;J itj;jpUj;jy;> Fiwe;j tpisr;ry;
- ePz;l fhyj;jpw;F Fspuhd ,lj;jpy;
Nrkpj;J itj;jpUj;jy;: mUk;Gfs;
mjpfstpy; tsu;e;jikahYk;> gytPdkhd
ehw;Wf;fspdhYk; Fiwe;j tsu;rr
; pAk;> tpij
tpisr;rYk;.
njupT nra;ag;glhj Fkpo;fs;
jPu;Tfs;
y cyu; tyaj;jpy; eLif nra;a Kd;du; Fspuhd
,lj;jpy;
ntq;fhaf;
Fkpo;fisr;
Nrkpj;J
itj;jpUf;f Ntz;Lk;.
y rpghupR nra;ag;gl;lf;
15 - 20 ehl;fs;
Ntz;Lk;.
fhyk;: eLtjw;F Kd;
tiu Nrkpj;J itf;f
- rPj;jhvypatpy; 15 ehl;fs;> `g;Gj;jiy ,y;
20 ehl;fs;
- ngupa ntq;fhak; Kis tplj; njhlq;Fk;
NghJ Fspuhd ,lj;jpy; Nrkpg;gij
epWj;jTk;.
Fspuhd ,lj;jpy; Nrkpj;J itj;jy; - rPj;jhvypa
y gupfupf;fg;gl;l
Fkpo;fis
fhyk;
jho;j;jhJ
el Ntz;Lk;. Vnddpy; mUk;Gfs; mstpw;fjpfkhf
tsu;r;rpailaj; njhlq;Fk;. vdNt gupfupg;gijg;
G+u;j;jp nra;a Kd;dNu ghj;jpfis Maj;jk;
nra;J nfhs;sTk;.
27
tpupthf;f mYtyu;fspw;Fk;> tptrhapfspw;Fkhd ntq;fha tpij cw;gj;jp topfhl;ly;fs;
09. el Kd; ntq;fhaf; Fkpo;fisg;
gupfupj;jy;
gpur;rpidfs;
y njhw;W ePf;fQ; nra;ahJ jha;f; Fkpo;fis
eLif nra;jy;
- gPilfs; Njhl;lk; KOtJk; guTtjhy;
gPilfspd; jhf;fk; mjpfkhff; fhzg;gLk;.
jukhd jha;f;Fkpo;
jPu;Tfs;
y ntq;fhaj; jha;f; Fkpo;fs; gy Neha; fhuzpfs;>
gPilfspdhy;
njhw;wyile;jpUf;Fk;.
vdNt
eLtjw;F
Kd;
30
epkplq;fspw;F
gq;fR
ehrpdpapYk;>
gPil
ehrpdpapYk;
mkpo;j;jp
itj;jpUe;j gpd; elTk;.
y njhw;W ePf;fQ; nra;tjw;F Kd;du; mUk;gpd;
tsu;r;rpf; fl;lj;jpw;F mika jha;f; Fkpo;fisj;
njupT nra;aTk;.
NjhYupj;j ntq;fhak;
y ntq;fhaj;
Njhiy
KOikahf
mfw;wTk;.
ePskhd Ntu;fis ntl;lTk;> mUk;Gfs; ntspNa
tUk; Nkw;ghfj;ij ntl;b tpl;L njhw;W ePf;fQ;
nra;aTk;.
Ezp ntl;lg;gl;l ntq;fhak;
Fkpo;fisj; njhw;WePf;fQ; nra;jy;
10. jha;f; Fkpo;fis eLif nra;Ak;
NeuKk;;> eLif ,ilntspAk;
20 r.kP ,ilntspapy; ntq;fhaj;ij itf;fTk;
gpur;rpidfs;
y gpe;jp ely; (brk;gu; ,Wjp Kjy; [dtup kj;jp
tiu)
28
tpupthf;f mYtyu;fspw;Fk;> tptrhapfspw;Fkhd ntq;fha tpij cw;gj;jp topfhl;ly;fs;
- gpe;jp eLk; NghJ> khu;r; ,WjpapypUe;J>
Vg;uy; kj;jp tiu mWtil nra;a KbAk;.
,jdhy; mjpf ntg;gj;jpdhy; ghjpg;G
Vw;glyhk;.
y ntq;fha tpijfis eLk; gUtk; jg;Gtjhy;>
gpe;jp mWtil nra;Ak; NghJ tpij ntq;fhaj;jpw;F
fpuhf;fp ,uhJ.
jPu;Tfs;
y mjpf ntg;gj;jpdhy; ghjpf;fg;gLtijj; jtpu;g;gjw;F
Ke;jp eLif nra;a Ntz;Lk;.
tupirapy; jha;f;Fkpo;fis ely;
- jha;f; Fkpo;fis eLtjw;Fg; nghUj;jkhd
fhyk;: brk;gu; Muk;gk; Kjy; kj;jp tiu
y rpghupR nra;ag;gl;l eLif ,ilntsp 20 r.kP x
20 r.kP
11. kiog; ghJfhg;gpy;yj;jpy; jha;f;
Fkpo;fis eLk; ,ilntsp
gpur;rpidfs;
y nfhupa
tif
kiog;
ghJfhg;gpy;yj;jpw;Fg;
nghUj;jkhd
tifapy;
tuk;GfisAk;>
rhy;fisAk; mikf;fTk;.
y epyj;ij %d;W jlitfshtJ co Ntz;Lk;.
rpghupR nra;ag;gl;l msTfs;
- kiof;fhg;G ,y;yj;jpd; cs;Ns tp];jPuzk;
250 r.kP x 270 r.kP
- 110 - 120 r.kP mfykhd tuk;Gfis
mikf;fTk;. ,U tuk;Gfspw;fpilNa 30 r.kP
mfykhd rhy;fis kPjkhf tplTk;.
,ilntsp
y rpghupR nra;ag;gl;l ,ilntsp
- tuk;Gfspd; topNa 5 tupirfspy; eLif
nra;aTk;. tupirfspw;F ,ilapyhd
,ilntsp 20 r.kP
- Fkpo;fspw;fpilapyhd ,ilntsp 20 r.kP
MFk;.
rupahd ,ilntspapy; elg;gl;Ls;s Fkpo;fs;
29
tpupthf;f mYtyu;fspw;Fk;> tptrhapfspw;Fkhd ntq;fha tpij cw;gj;jp topfhl;ly;fs;
- tuk;gpd; Edpapd; ntspapypUe;J 10 - 20
r.kP ,ilntspia tplTk;.
- ,J ntspapypUe;J kioj;Jspfs; G+f;fspd;
kPJ tpOtijj; jLf;Fk;.
12. eLtjw;F jha;f; Fkpo;fisj;
njupT nra;jy;
gUkdpw;F mika jha;f;Fkpo;fisj; njupT nra;jy;
gpur;rpidfs;
y njupT nra;ahJ> tpj;jpahrkhd mstpyhd
Fkpo;fis eLif nra;jy;.
- rPuw;w tsu;r;rp> Fiwe;j tpisr;ry;.
y gy;NtW tsu;r;rp epiyfspYs;s Fkpo;fis ely;.
- G+tr;Rfspd; rPuw;w tsu;r;rp
jPu;Tfs;
y msTfs;> tsu;r;rp epiy Mfpatw;wpw;F mika
Fkpo;fisj; njupT nra;jy;
mUk;Gfspd; tsu;r;rpf;fika njupT nra;jy;
y eLtjw;F Kd; tsu;r;rpaile;j mUk;Gfis
ntl;ly;
13. ePu;g;ghrdk;
gpur;rpidfs;
y Kiwaw;w tpjj;jpy; ePu;g;ghrdk; nra;jy;
- ePu; gw;whf;Fiwthf cs;s NghJ Ntu;
tsu;r;rpailahJ.
- <ukhf;fpa ghj;jpfspy; jha;f; Fkpo;fis
eLif nra;a Ntz;Lk;. mjd; gpd; 3 - 4
ehl;fspw;F ghj;jpfspw;F ePu;g;ghrdk; nra;af;
$lhJ.
nrhl;L ePu;g;ghrdj; njhFjp
30
tpupthf;f mYtyu;fspw;Fk;> tptrhapfspw;Fkhd ntq;fha tpij cw;gj;jp topfhl;ly;fs;
- mstpw;fjpfkhf ePu;g;ghrdk; nra;tjhy;
Fkpo;fSk;> Ntu;fSk; mOFk;.
y
tprpwy; Kiwapy; ePu;g;ghrdk; nra;jy;
- ,iyfspYk;> G+f;fspYk; <uk; fhzg;gLtjd;
fhuzkhf Neha;> gPilfspd; jhf;fk;
mjpfupf;Fk;.
jPu;Tfs;
y kz; <ug;gjdpd; mstpw;; ftdQ; nrYj;jp>
mjw;fika ePu;g;ghrdk; nra;a Ntz;Lk;.
Fohapd; %yk; ePu;g;ghrdk; nra;jy;
- Fiwe;j ePu;g;ghrdj;jpy; Fiwthd tsu;r;rp>
mstpw;fjpfkhf ePu;g;ghrdk; nra;tjhy;
<ug;gjdhy; ghjpg;G Vw;gLk;.
- G+tr;Rfspd; njhlf;fj;jpypUe;J kyUk;
tiu ePu; mtrpakhFk;. cyu; fhyepiy
epyTk; NghJ cyu tplhJ ePu;g;ghrdk;
nra;a Ntz;Lk;.
y ePu;g;ghrdk; nra;Ak; Kiw
- nrhl;L ePu;g;ghrdNk rpwe;j KiwahFk;.
- G+itf; nfhz;l Foha;fspd; %yk;
ePu;g;ghrdk; nra;ayhk;. Mdhy;
G+tr;RfisAk;> G+f;fisAk; <ukhf;fhJ
mtjhdkhapUf;f Ntz;Lk;.
14. Mjhuj;ij ];jhgpj;jy;
gpur;rpidfs;
y Mjhuq;fs; vJTkpy;yhj NghJ G+tr;Rfs; rha;e;J
tpOk;.
- G+tr;Rfs; rha;e;J tpOk; NghJ kfue;jr;
Nru;f;if miltJ fbdkhdNjhL>
gapu;fisAk; guhkupf;f KbahJ.
y nghUj;jkhd fapw;iw my;yJ nghUl;fisg;
gad;gLj;jp Mjhuj;ij cUthf;fTk;.
Mjhukhf tiyfisg; gad;gLj;jy;
- Mjhuq;fis neUf;fkhf ];jhgpf;Fk; NghJ
tpidj;jpwd; FiwAk;.
31
tpupthf;f mYtyu;fspw;Fk;> tptrhapfspw;Fkhd ntq;fha tpij cw;gj;jp topfhl;ly;fs;
jPu;Tfs;
y Fkpo;fspy; G+tr;Rfs; ntsp tuj; njhlq;Fk;
NghNj Mjhuq;fis epu;khzpf;fTk;.
- Ntypfisg; gpe;jp ];jhgpg;gJ fbdkhdNjhL>
G+tr;Rfs; ghjpf;fg;gLtjw;fhd Mgj;JfSk;
cs;sd.
y jiuapypUe;J 30 - 40 r.kP cauj;jpy; Mjhuj;ij
mikf;fTk;.
Mjhuk; ,y;yhj NghJ
y kur; ryhiffSld;> tiyfisg; gad;gLj;jp
Mjhuq;fis ];jhgpf;fTk;.
y Mjhuq;fis ];jhgpj;j gpd; mjidf; fpukkhf
mtjhdpj;J> G+tr;Rfis tiyf;F Nky; ,Oj;J
rPuhf tsu tplTk;.
15. kfue;jr; Nru;f;if
gpur;rpidfs;
y Fiwthd kfue;jr; Nru;f;if milAk;
nraw;ghLfs;
iffspdhy; kfue;jr; Nru;f;if nra;jy;
- kfue;jr; Nru;f;if milahJ> tsu;r;rp
Fd;WtNjhL> tpij tpisr;rYk;
Fwpg;gplj;jf;fsT FiwAk;.
- kfue;jr; Nru;f;if milahj NghJ>
G+e;Jzu;fs; cyUtNjhL> gq;fR Neha;fs;
Vw;gLk;. ,jdhy; juq; Fd;Wk;.
jPu;Tfs;
y G+f;fs; kyUk; fhyk; KOtJk;
kfue;jr; Nru;f;if nra;a Ntz;Lk;.
ehshe;jk;
- fhiy 10.00 ,w;Fk; gp.g 2.00 ,w;FkpilNa
kfue;jr; Nru;f;if nra;a Ntz;Lk;.
- kfue;jr; Nru;f;if nra;Ak; Kiw: G+e;Jzu;
KOtijAk; Rw;wp> nkJthfj; Nja;f;fTk;.
ed;F kfue;jr; Nru;f;if mile;j G+e;Jzu;fs;
y kfue;jr; Nru;f;iff;F cjTtjw;F Njhl;lj;ijr;
Rw;wp NjdPf; Fby;fis itf;fTk;.
y Njhl;lj;ijr; Rw;wp 2 - 3 tupirfspy; vs;S>
rzy; Nghd;w jhtuq;fis elTk;. ,it NjdPf;fs;>
tz;zj;Jg; G+r;rpfs;> Fstpfs; Nghd;wtw;iwf;
ftUk;.
ed;F kfue;jr; Nru;f;if milahj G+e;Jzu;
32
tpupthf;f mYtyu;fspw;Fk;> tptrhapfspw;Fkhd ntq;fha tpij cw;gj;jp topfhl;ly;fs;
16. fisf; fl;Lg;ghL
gpur;rpidfs;
y ftdf; Fiwthf fisfis mfw;wy;
- fisfs; ntq;fhaj;ij tpl tpiuthf
tsu;tjhy;> ntq;fhaj;jpd; tsu;r;rp Fd;Wk;
y gpe;jp fisfl;ly;
- fisfs; kz; Nghrizfis cwpQ;Rk;.
if Ks;spdhy; fisf;fl;Lg;ghL
- fisfis mfw;Wk; NghJ gapu;fs;
ghjpf;fg;gLtjw;fhd Mgj;Jfs; cs;sd.
y nghypj;jPd;fisg; gad;gLj;Jtjhy; tpidj;jpwd;
FiwtNjhL> mjpfstpYk; Njitg;gLk;.
- nghypj;jPdpw;Fg; gjpyhf ,iyfs; my;yJ
itf;Nfhypdhy; gj;jpuf; fyit ,ly;
jPu;Tfs;
y ntq;fhag; gapu;fs; fisfspdhy;
ghjpf;fg;gLtNjhL> ehw;W el;L 60 ehl;fs; tiu
fisfs; ,y;yhjpUj;jy; Ntz;Lk;.
nghypj;jPdhy; gj;jpuf; fyit ,ly;
y fisfis Kd;dNu mfw;WtJ ,yFthdNjhL>
tpisr;rYk; mjpfupf;Fk;.
y fWg;Gg; nghypj;jPidg; gad;gLj;jp gj;jpuf;fyit
,Ltjdhy; kz; #lhtjhYk;> #upa ntspr;rk;
epyj;jpy; tpOtJ jLf;fg;gLtjhYk;. fisfspd;
jhf;fj;ijf; Fiwf;Fk;.
- gj;jpuf;fyit ,Lk; NghJ mstpw;fjpkhd
<ug;gjdhy; ghjpf;fg;gLtjw;fhd tha;g;Gfs;
cs;sd. vdNt eP&w;w Kd;du; epyj;jpd;
<ug;gjidg; gupNrhjpj;Jg; ghu;f;fTk;.
17. me;jpuf;NehR gq;fR Nehiaf;
fl;Lg;gLj;Jjw;fhd topfhl;b
mwpFwpfs;
y gpujhdkhf ,iyfs;> G+e;Jzu;fspd; fhk;Gfs;>
G+f;fhk;G Mfpatw;iwg; ghjpf;Fk;.
me;jpuf;NehRtpdhy; ghjpf;fg;gl;l ntq;fhar; nrb
y Muk;gj;jpy; rpwpa> xOq;fw;w> kQ;rs;> nrk;kQ;rs;
epwkhd Gs;spfshfj; Njhd;Wk;. ehsiltpy;
,g;Gs;spfs;
ngupjhfp>
fWg;G
epwkhd
tisaq;fshf gutp> tpj;jpfis cw;gj;jp nra;Ak;.
33
tpupthf;f mYtyu;fspw;Fk;> tptrhapfspw;Fkhd ntq;fha tpij cw;gj;jp topfhl;ly;fs;
y jhtuj;jpd; vt;tajpYk; ghjpg;ig Vw;gLj;JtNjhL>
,Wjpapy; KOj; jhtuj;ijAk; ghjpf;Fk;.
y jhtuj;jpd; Muk;gf; fl;lj;jpy; njhw;wNyw;gLkhapd;
(tpijAk;> Kisf;Fk; gUtKk;)> ehw;Wf;fs;
capu; thohJ.
me;jpuf;NehRitf; fl;Lg;gLj;jy;
y vt;thW jLg;gJ
me;jpuf;NehRtpd; Muk;gg; gUtk;
- Kiwahd> MNuhf;fpakhd Fkpo;fis njupT
nra;tjd; %yk; Neha;fsw;w Fkpo;fisAk;>
MNuhf;fpakhd Njhl;lj;ijAk; cWjp
nra;aTk;.
- el;ljpypUe;J> mWtil nra;Ak; tiu
xt;nthU 7 ehl;fspw;Fk; xU jlit rpghupR
nra;ag;gl;l gq;fR ehrpdpfis tprpwTk;.
- $l;nlUitj; jahupf;f njhw;wNyw;gl;l
,iyfs;> jz;Lfs;> G+e;Jzu;fs;
Mfpatw;iwg; gad;gLj;j Ntz;lhk;.
- mWtil nra;jTld; Njhl;lj;ij ed;F
Rj;jk; nra;aTk;.
mjpfstpy; ghjpf;fg;gl;l xU Njhl;lk;
y vt;thW fl;Lg;gLj;JtJ
- njhw;wNyw;gl;lj; jhtuq;fis NtUld;
cldbahfg; gpLq;fp mfw;wp> rhk;gyhFk;
tiu vupj;J tplTk;. ,y;yhtpby; Mokhfg;
Gijj;J tplTk;.
- jhtuq;fspy; Neha; mwpFwpfis
mtjhdpj;jJk; fhyk; jho;j;jhJ>
cldbahfNt rpghupR nra;ag;gl;l
ehrpdpfis> rpghupR nra;ag;gl;l msTfspy;
tprpwTk;.
- xNu gq;fR ehrpdpiaj; njhlu;r;rpahf tprpw
Ntz;lhk;. rpghupR nra;ag;gl;l ehrpdpfis
khw;wp> khw;wp tprpwTk;.
18. gPilf; fl;Lg;ghL: rpw;Wz;zpfs;
mwpFwpfs;
y jhtuq;fs; thb> ,iyfs; cyUtNjhL>
G+f;fhk;Gfs; ntspwpa epwkhf khWk;.
y nrbfisg; gpLq;fp mtjhdpf;Fk; NghJ mjpy;
Ntu;fs; fhzg;glhJ.
rpw;Wz;zpfspd; jhf;fk;
34
tpupthf;f mYtyu;fspw;Fk;> tptrhapfspw;Fkhd ntq;fha tpij cw;gj;jp topfhl;ly;fs;
y Jizj; njhw;wyhf gq;fR my;yJ gf;wPupahf;fspd;
jhf;fk; fhzg;glyhk;.
- 2015 ,y; kfue;jr; Nru;f;if milAk;
fhyj;jpy; rpw;Wz;zpfspd; jhf;fk; kpfj;
jPtpukhff; fhzg;gl;lJ. ,jdhy; ntq;fha
tpijg; gapu;fs; KOikahfg;
ghjpf;fg;gl;lJ.
jPu;Tfs;
rpw;Wz;zpfspd; jhf;fk;
y rpw;Wz;zpfs; ,dg;ngUf;fkiltijj; jLf;fTk;>
fl;Lg;gLj;jTk;. rpw;Wz;zp ehrpdpfisg; (cjh:
vgnkf;bd;)
gad;gLj;jp
jha;f;
Fkpo;fis
gupfupf;fTk;.
y jhf;f mwpFwpfis mtjhdpj;jJk; cldbahfNt
fl;Lg;gLj;Jk; eltbf;iffis Nkw;nfhs;sTk;.
- gapu; kPjpfis Kw;whf mfw;wTk;.
- rpw;Wz;zpfspw;F khw;W tpUe;J
toq;fpahf njhopw;gLk; jhtuq;fis
njupT nra;J el Ntz;lhk;.
- rpy Nghfq;fspw;Fj; juprhf tplTk;.
- 5 thuq;fspw;Fj; Njhl;lq;fis ePupy;
%o;fbf;fTk;.
19. mWtil nra;jy;
gpur;rpidfs;
y Ke;jp mWtil nra;tjhy;>
tpijfspd;
vz;zpf;if
Kisj;jpwDk; FiwAk;.
Kjpu;r;rpailahj
mjpfupg;gNjhL>
y gpe;jp mWtil nra;Ak; NghJ tpijfs; cjpu;tjhy;>
tpisr;ry; FiwAk;.
y fhk;Gfisf; fl;ilahf ntl;Ltjhy;> tpijfspd;
tpisr;ry; FiwAk;.
jPu;Tfs;
mWtil nra;tjw;F Maj;jkhf cs;s
G+e;Jzu;
y iffspdhy; mWtil nra;jy;
- G+e;Jzu;fis tpuy;fspw;fpilNa ftdkhf
%bg; gpbf;fTk;. ,jdhy; tpijfs; fPNo
tpOtijj; jtpu;j;Jf; nfhs;s KbAk;.
y rupahd
gUtj;jpy;
mWtil
nra;tjdhy;
ntq;fha tpijfspd; juk; cWjp nra;ag;gLk;.
35
tpupthf;f mYtyu;fspw;Fk;> tptrhapfspw;Fkhd ntq;fha tpij cw;gj;jp topfhl;ly;fs;
- tpj;jpahrkhd fhyq;fspy; G+e;Jzu;fs;
cUthFtjhy;> vy;yh Filg; G+e;Jzu;fSk;
xNu rkaj;jpy; Kjpu;r;rpailahJ.
- Kjpu;r;rpaile;Js;s mstpw;Nfw;g
jdpj;jdpahf mWtil nra;aTk;.
- G+j;J 30 ehl;fspd; gpd;du; 70 - 80 tPjkhd
Filg; G+e;Jzu;fs; Kjpu;r;rpaile;jJk;
mtw;iw mWtil nra;aTk;.
Kiwahf ntl;lg;gl;l Filg; G+e;Jzu;fs;
- xU Filg; G+e;Jzupy; 50 tPjkhd fWg;G
tpijfs; Njhd;wpaJk;> Kjpu;r;rpaile;j
Filg; G+e;Jzu;fis mWtil nra;aTk;.
y G+e;Jzu;fspw;Ff; fPo; 15 - 30 r.kP tiu
fhk;Gfs;
cs;sthW
ntl;lTk;.
fhk;Gfs;
ePskhf ,Ug;gNj rpwe;jjhFk;.
- fhk;Gfs; cyUk; NghJ Nghrizfs;
Kjpu;r;rpailahj tpijfspw;Ff; flj;jg;gLk;.
20. Filg; G+e;Jzu;fis
cyu;j;jYk;> tpijfisg;
gpupj;njLj;jYk;
y fhk;GfSld; mWtil nra;j Filg;G+e;Jzu;fis
rpwe;j fhw;Nwhl;lKs;s epoyhd ,lj;jpy; gutp
cyu tplTk; my;yJ epoypy; fl;b njhq;f tpl;L>
cyu tplTk;. fhk;Gfs; fgpy epwkhFk; tiu
,t;thW cyu tplTk;.
mWtil nra;ag;gl;l Filg; G+e;Jzu;fs;
- cyu;j;Jk; fhyg; gFjpapy; kio
nga;Akhapd; <ug;gjd; mjpfupf;Fk;. vdNt
cyu tpLk; ,lj;jpy; fhw;Nwhl;lk; rpwg;ghff;
fhzg;gly; Ntz;Lk;. G+e;Jzu;fis mbf;fb
jpUg;gp tplTk;.
y fhk;Gfs; fgpy epwkhdJk; mtw;iw ntl;b mfw;wp
tplTk;.
y cyu;e;j
G+e;Jzu;fis
nghypj;jPd;
jhspy;
cyu tplTk;. iffspdhy; erpj;J tpijfisg;
gpupj;njLf;fTk;.
36
tpupthf;f mYtyu;fspw;Fk;> tptrhapfspw;Fkhd ntq;fha tpij cw;gj;jp topfhl;ly;fs;
y ,t;thW
gpupj;njLj;j
tpijfis
fhw;wpy;
J}w;wTk;. ,jdhy; khRf;fisAk;> Kjpu;r;rpailahj
jhdpaq;fisAk; mfw;wpf; nfhs;s KbAk;.
y Rj;jk; nra;J> jukhdjhfg; nghjp nra;ag;gl;l
tpijfisr; rpwe;j tpiyf;F tpw;gid nra;a
KbAk;.
21. tpijfis Kd; njupT nra;jy;
gpur;rpid
ngupa ntq;fha tpijfs;
y njhlu;r;rpahf ePz;l fhyj;jpw;F xNu tu;f;fj;ijg;
gapupLk; NghJ tu;f;fq;fspd; J}a jd;ikAk;>
tPupaKk; ,of;fg;gLk;.
jPu;Tfs;
y tu;f;fj;jpd;
gz;Gfis
khj;jpuk;
nfhz;l
jhtuq;fisAk;>
Filg;
G+e;Jzu;fisAk;
njupT nra;aTk;. mWtil nra;a Kd;du; mtw;wpy;
ml;ilfisf; fl;bj; njhq;f tplTk;. mjpYs;s
tpijfisf; ftdkhfg; gpupj;njLf;fTk;. mLj;j
guk;giuia
];jhgpf;f
,t;tpijfisg;
gad;gLj;jTk;.
wpgd; gl;bahy; milahskply;
y jhtuq;fspd; cauk;> Filg; G+e;Jzu;fs;>
jiyfs;> Kjpu;r;rp Mfpatw;wpy; rPuhd jd;ikia
ftdj;jpw; nfhs;sTk;. fl;ilahd> td;ikahd
G+f;fhk;Gfs;> mjpf vz;zpf;ifahd ,iyfs;>
xU jhtuj;jpy; mjpfsthd G+e;Jzu;fs;>
mWtil nra;j gpd;du; mjpf vz;zpf;ifahd
tpijfSld;> Neha;fs;>gPilfs; vd;gd
,y;yhjpUj;jy;> rPuhd cauk; Mfpatw;iwAk;
ftdj;jpw; nfhs;sTk;.
y ed;F cyu;j;jpa> Rj;jkhd tpijfis mLj;j
gapu;r;nra;ifg; Nghfk; tiu Fspuhd> cyu;e;j
,lj;jpy; Nrkpj;J itf;fTk;.
37
tpupthf;f mYtyu;fspw;Fk;> tptrhapfspw;Fkhd ntq;fha tpij cw;gj;jp topfhl;ly;fs;
22. kiog; ghJfhg;gpy;yq;fis
Kfhikj;Jtk; nra;jy;
ePz;l fhyg; ghtidf;fhf kiog;
ghJfhg;gpy;yq;fis Kfhikj;Jtk; nra;jy;
y fhw;W tPRk; ,lq;fspy; kiog; ghJfhg;gpy;yq;fis
];jhgpf;Fk; NghJ nghypj;jPd; fpopayhk;. vdNt
,uz;L gf;fq;fisAk; ftdkhf ,izj;Jg;
nghUj;jp tplTk;.
Gjpjhf mwpKfg;gLj;jg;gl;l kiof;fhg;gpy;yk;
y nghypj;jPd; fhw;wpdhy; fpopAk; NghJ Nkyjpf
Nrjk; Vw;gLtijj; jtpu;g;gjw;F mt;tplj;ij
kPsTk; nghUj;jp tplTk;.
y gapu;r;nra;if
Nghfj;jpd;
NghJ
khj;jpuk;
nghypj;jPid itj;jpUf;fTk;. gapu;fis mWtil
nra;j
gpd;
nghypj;jPid
mfw;wp
njhw;W
ePf;fQ; nra;J ftdkhfr; Nrkpj;J itf;fTk;.
kiog; ghJfhg;gpy;yj;jpd; cs;Ns Kfhikj;Jtk;
nra;jy;
y mWtil nra;j gpd; kz;izAk;> Vidatw;iwAk;
njhw;W ePf;fQ; nra;jy;.
Fiwthfg; guhkupf;fg;gl;l gapu;fs;
- nrhl;L ePu;g;ghrd trjpfisAk;>
tiyfisAk; mfw;wp> ftdkhff;
fsQ;rpag;gLj;jp itf;fTk;.
- mWtil nra;j gpd; cs;Ns fisfs; tsu
mDkjpf;f Ntz;lhk;. fisfs; tsUkhapd;
kz; tsk; Fd;Wk;.
y njhlu;r;rpahfg; gapupLtjw;F kz;iz
Kfhikj;Jtk; nra;jy;
- kz;iz #upa ntg;gj;jpdhy; #lhf;fy;:
Nghjpasthd $l;nlUitAk;> ney;
ckpiaAk; ,l;L> nghypj;jPdhy; kz;iz
%b tplTk;.
- cf;fhj NfhopnaUit ,l Ntz;lhk;.
mWtil nra;j gpd; kz; Kfhikj;Jtk;
- kz; tsj;ij tpUj;jp nra;tjw;fhf #upa
ntg;gj;jpdhy; kz;izr; #lhf;fpa gpd;
mtiug; gapu;fis nra;ifgz;zTk;.
38
tpupthf;f mYtyu;fspw;Fk;> tptrhapfspw;Fkhd ntq;fha tpij cw;gj;jp topfhl;ly;fs;
39
tpupthf;f mYtyu;fspw;Fk;> tptrhapfspw;Fkhd ntq;fha tpij cw;gj;jp topfhl;ly;fs;
ntw;wpf; fijfs; - 01
tpij ntq;fhag; gapu;r;nra;if njhopy;El;g
mwpKfk;
gpujhd eltbf;iffs;
y $l;nlU> ney; ckp Mfpatw;iw 20 r.kP
Moj;jpw;F ,Ljy;> #upa ntg;gj;jpdhy; kz;iz
njhw;W ePf;fQ; nra;jy; Mfpatw;wpd; %yk; kz;
tpUj;jp nra;ag;gl;lJ.
#upa ntg;gj;jpdhy; kz;izj; njhw;WePf;fQ; nra;jy;
y gq;fR Neha;fs; (me;jpuf;NehR> Cjhg;Gs;sp> Fkpo;
mOfy;) Mfpad ntw;wpfukhff; fl;Lg;gLj;jg;gl;ld.
y fisfs; ed;whff; fl;Lg;gLj;jg;gl;ld.
y ehshe;jk; iffshy; kfue;jr; Nru;f;if nra;tJ
tskhd tpij tpisr;riy mjpfupf;Fk;.
y Kiwahf njupT nra;jjd; %yk; tpijfspd;
juk; mjpfupj;jJ.
y mWtilf;Fg; gpe;jpa nghUj;jkhd
njhopy;El;gq;fs; gpd;gw;wg;gl;ld.
jpl;l eltbf;iffspd; tpisTfs;
y ntq;fha cw;gj;jp njhopy;El;g Kiwfs; tpUj;jp
nra;ag;gl;ld.
ghJfhg;gpy;yj;jpy; ntw;wpfukhd gapu;r;nra;if
y 500 rJu kPw;wu; gug;gstpy; tpisr;ry; mjpfupj;jJ:
17 fpNyh fpuhk; (2016)
74 fp.fp (2017)
y kz;zpYs;s Nrjdg; nghUl;fs; tpUj;jpaile;jd:
2.29 (Kd;du;) 2.94 (gpd;du;)
ntw;wpf; fijfs; - 02
jPa mDgtq;fSld; tpij tpisr;riy
mjpfupg;gjpYs;s rthy;
Njhy;tpfspw;fhd fhuzpfisg; gFg;gha;T nra;jy;
y fle;j tUlk; Fiwe;j tsu;r;rp
y me;jpNuhf;NehRitf; fl;Lg;gLj;jj; jtwpaikahy;
gapu;fs; mjpfstpw; ghjpf;fg;gl;ld.
y mstpw;fjpfkhf
iftplg;gl;lJ.
ghJfhg;gpy;yj;jpy; Fiwthfg; guhkupf;fg;gl;lg; gapu;
y tskw;w kz;.
40
tsu;e;jikahy;
gapu;r;nra;if
tpupthf;f mYtyu;fspw;Fk;> tptrhapfspw;Fkhd ntq;fha tpij cw;gj;jp topfhl;ly;fs;
y Fiwthf
ePu;
tbe;J
nry;yy;>
Kiwaw;w
tpjj;jpy; ePu;g;ghrdk; nra;jik Mfpatw;wpd;
fhuzkhf
mstpw;fjpfkhd
<ug;gjdhy;
ghjpf;fg;gly;.
gpujhd eltbf;iffSk;> tpisTfSk;
Njhy;tpaile;jhYk;> iftpl Ntz;lhk;
ntw;wpfukhd gapu;r;nra;if
y kz;iz tpUj;jp nra;jy;: $l;nlU> ney; ckp
Mfpatw;iw
,LtNjhL>
Neha;fisAk;>
fisfisAk; fl;Lg;gLj;j #upa ntg;gj;jpdhy;
kz;iz njhw;W ePf;fQ; nra;aTk;.
y Neufhyj;Jld; fisfis mfw;wp Njhl;lj;ijr;
Rj;jkhf itj;jpUf;fTk;.
y tpisr;ry; mjpfupg;gjw;fhf ehshe;jk; iffspdhy;
nraw;ifahf kfue;jr; Nru;f;if nra;jy;.
y 500
rJu
kPw;wu;
1.5 fp.fp (2016)
gug;gstpy;
tpisr;ry;:
51 fp.fp (2017)
ntw;wpf; fijfs; - 03
midj;J mwpFwpfSk;
cau; jukhd tpijfspw;fhf kz;iz tpUj;jp
nra;jy;
gpur;rpid
y ntq;fhak; gapuplg;gl;l Njhl;lq;fs; KOikahf
mopf;fg;gl;ld.
- gPilfs;> fisfisf; fl;Lg;gLj;jj;
jtwpaik
- Neha;fspd; njhw;wy;> fisfspdhy; Nghl;b
Mfpatw;wpd; fhuzkhf ehw;Wf;fis el;Lg;
gapuplg;gl;l gapu;r;nra;if Njhy;tpaile;jJ.
gpujhd eltbf;iffs;
y gPilfs;> Neha;fisf; fl;Lg;gLj;j kz;izj;
njhw;W ePf;fQ; nra;jy;.
y Njhl;lj;jpy; ];jhgpg;gjw;fhf rpghupR nra;ag;gl;l
,ilntsp gpd;gw;wg;gl;lJ. MNuhf;fpakhd>
tPupakhd ehw;Wf;fs; khj;jpuNk eLif
nra;ag;gl;ld. rpghupRfspw;fika ePu;g;ghrdk;
nra;ag;gl;lJ.
kz;izj; njhw;WePf;fQ; nra;jy;
41
tpupthf;f mYtyu;fspw;Fk;> tptrhapfspw;Fkhd ntq;fha tpij cw;gj;jp topfhl;ly;fs;
y kioapypUe;J ghJfhg;gjw;fhf ehw;W
Nkilfspd; kPJ kiog; ghJfhg;G $lhuj;ij
];jhgpj;jy;.
jw;fhypf nghypj;jPd; $lhuk;
Njhy;tpfs; - 01
gpe;jp gFg;gha;T nra;J> fl;Lg;gLj;jpaikahy;
midj;Jg; gapu;fspYk; me;jpuf;NehR njhw;wpaJ
ehw;Wg; gUtj;jpy; me;jpuf;NehR njhw;wy;
Njhy;tpf;fhd fhuzpfis gFg;gha;T nra;jy;
y gpe;jpg; gFg;gha;T nra;J> fl;Lg;gLj;jpaikahy;
Njhl;lk; KOtJk; me;jpuf;NehR gutpaJ. ,jd;
tpisthf tpisr;ry; Fd;wpaJ.
y njhw;wNyw;gl;l
gq;fRehrpdpfs;
tpidj;jpwd;.
jhtuq;fis
tprpwg;gl;ld.
mfw;whJ>
Fiwe;j
Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;l eltbf;iffs;
me;jpuf;NehR njhw;wpa Filg; G+e;jzu;fs;
y njhw;wy;fspd; mwpFwpfis ,dq; fhz;gjw;fhf
njhlu;r;rpahf
Njhl;lq;fs;
gupNrhjpf;fg;gl;ld.
cldbahf
fl;Lg;ghl;L
eltbf;iffs;
tpiuthf Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;ld.
y gq;fR ehrpdpfis tprpw Kd;du; Ntu;fSld;
njhw;wNyw;gl;l jhtuq;fSk;> mjidr; #o
cs;s kz;Zk; mfw;wg;gl;lJ.
ntw;wpfukhd gapu;r;nra;if
42
tpupthf;f mYtyu;fspw;Fk;> tptrhapfspw;Fkhd ntq;fha tpij cw;gj;jp topfhl;ly;fs;
Njhy;tpfs; - 02
iffspdhy; kfue;jr; Nru;f;if nra;tijg;
Gwf;fzpj;jy;
Njhy;tpf;fhd fhuzpfis gFg;gha;T nra;jy;
Fiwthf kfue;jr; Nru;f;if mile;j gapu;
y nghUj;jkhd
Neuj;jpy;
kfue;jr;
Nru;f;if
nra;ahik>
ehshe;jk;
kfue;jr;
Nru;f;if
nra;ahjpUj;jy;>
Fiwe;j
vz;zpf;ifahd
ehl;fspw;F kfue;jr; Nru;f;if nra;ag;gl;lJ. ,jd;
tpisthf tpij tpisr;ry; Fiwe;jNjhL> Filg;
G+e;Jzupy;
mjpf
vz;zpf;ifahd
tskw;w
rpWG+f;fs; cUthfpd.
y tskw;w rpWG+f;fs; mOfpaNjhL> mt;tplq;fs;
gq;fR
njhw;wy;fspw;fhd
,lq;fshff;
fhzg;gl;ld. cyu; fhyj;jpy; mstpw;fjpfkhf
ePu;g;ghrdk; nra;jikahy; ghjpg;G Vw;gl;lJ.
Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;l eltbf;iffs;
y G+e;Jzu;fs; kfue;j kzpfis ntspapLk; fhyk;
tiu ehshe;jk; fhiy 10.00 kzpf;Fk; gpw;gfy;
2.00 kzpf;Fk; ,ilapy; iffspdhy; kfue;jr;
Nru;f;if nra;ag;gl;lJ.
y xU Filg;G+e;JzupYs;s midj;J rpWG+f;fSk;
xNu Neuj;jpy; G+g;gjpy;iy. vdNt 25 ehl;fspy;
kfue;j kzpfis kPs;kjpg;gPL nra;J iffspdhy;
kfue;jr; Nru;f;if nra;a Ntz;Lk;.
- kfue;jr; Nru;f;iff;F cjTtjw;fhf
Njhl;lj;ijr; Rw;wp NjdPf; Fby;fis
];jhgpf;fTk;.
Njhy;tpfs; - 03
mWtilf;Fg; gpd;duhd Kfhikj;Jtq;fis gpioahd
Kiwapy; ifahsy;
Njhy;tpf;fhd fhuzpfis gFg;gha;T nra;jy;
y jho;thuj;jpw;Ff; fPo; kpfTk; mlu;j;jpahf mWtil
nra;j ntq;fhaj;ijf; fl;bj; njhq;f tply;.
y mOfpa ntq;fhaj;ij mfw;whJ njhq;f tpLtjhy;
Vida ntq;fhaKk; mOfj; njhlq;fpajdhy;>
mOFk;
ntq;fhaf;
Fkpo;fspd;
vz;zpf;if
mjpfupf;fj; njhlq;Fk;.
$iuapd; njhq;f tplg;gl;Ls;s Fkpo;fs;
43
tpupthf;f mYtyu;fspw;Fk;> tptrhapfspw;Fkhd ntq;fha tpij cw;gj;jp topfhl;ly;fs;
y fsQ;rpag;gLj;jp itf;Fk; NghJ mjpfsthd
ntq;fhaf;
Fkpo;fs;
mOFtjhy;>
tpijg;
gapu;fspw;Fg;
Nghjpasthd
jha;f;
Fkpo;fs;
,y;yhik.
Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;l eltbf;iffs;
y mWtil nra;ag;gl;l ntq;fhaf; Fkpo;fs;
njupT nra;ag;gl;L> Kiwahf cyu;j;jg;gl;L>
rpwe;j
fhw;Nwhl;lKs;s
,lj;jpy;
Nrkpj;J
itf;fg;gl;ld.
y jho;thuq;fspd; mb Nghd;w Fiwe;j
fhw;Nwhl;lKs;s ,lj;jpy; Nrkpj;J itf;f
Ntz;lhk;.
y Fkpo;fisr;
Nrkpj;J
itg;gjw;fhf
rpwe;j
fhw;Nwhl;lKs;s ,lj;ijj; njupT nra;aTk;.
kioapypUe;J ghJfhg;gjw;fhf ,t;tplj;ij %b
itf;fTk;.
Kiwahfr; Nrkpj;J itj;jy;
y mbf;fb
mtjhdpj;J
mOfpa
Fkpo;fis
mfw;wTk;.
mOff;
$bad
vd
re;Njfpf;fg;gLk; Fkpo;fis mfw;wpa gpd;du;
kPz;Lk; cyu;j;jTk;.
44
tpupthf;f mYtyu;fspw;Fk;> tptrhapfspw;Fkhd ntq;fha tpij cw;gj;jp topfhl;ly;fs;
45
tpupthf;f mYtyu;fspw;Fk;> tptrhapfspw;Fkhd ntq;fha tpij cw;gj;jp topfhl;ly;fs;
tiffSk;> cgNahfpf;Fk; KiwfSk;
y G+r;rpehrpdpfs;: G+r;rpg;
gad;gLj;jg;gLk;.
y gq;fRehrpdpfs;:
tsu;r;rpiaf;
gad;gLj;jg;gLk;.
gPilfisf;
Nehahf;fpg;
fl;Lg;gLj;jTk;
fl;Lg;gLj;j
gq;fRf;fspd;
jLf;fTk;>
y fisehrpdpfs;: fisfisf; fl;Lg;gLj;jg;
gad;gLj;jg;gLk;.
y gug;gpfs;: tptrha ,urhadq;fspw;fhd
fhuzpfshf Nkyjpfkhfj; njhopw;gLk;.
y gPilehrpdpnahd;iwg;
gad;gLj;j
Nygs;fis ftdkhf thrpf;fTk;.
xl;Lk;
Kd;du;
- epwg;gl;bfspw; ftdQ; nrYj;JtNjhL>
nghjpfspy; my;yJ nfhs;fyd;fspy;
fhzg;gLk; epwg; gl;bfspd; kPJ
mr;rplg;gl;Ls;s thf;fpaj;jpy; ftdQ;
nrYj;jTk;.
rptg;G - Mgj;jhdJ - kpf cf;fpukhd eQ;R
kQ;rs; - jPq;fpiog;gd - mjpf eQ;R
ePyk; - ftdk; - kj;jpasthd eQ;R
gr;ir - thf;fpak; ,y;iy - rpwpjsT Mgj;jhdJ
- gPilehrpdpfisj; njupT nra;Ak; NghJ
gapupy; ,dq; fhzg;gl;l Neha;fs; my;yJ
gPilfspw;Fg; nghUj;jkhdjh vd;gijAk;>
tprpWk; KiwiaAk; cWjp nra;J
nfhs;sTk;.
- cw;gj;jpiag; gad;gLj;j Kd;du; Nygspy;
jug;gl;Ls;s midj;J mwpTWj;jy;fisAk;
thrpf;fTk;.
gPilehrpdpia Kiwahfg; gad;gLj;Jtjw;fhd
topfhl;bfs;
y rpghupR nra;ag;gl;l gPilehrpdpfis tprpwTk;.
- cr;r msit tpl mjpfupf;f Ntz;lhk;.
tprpWk; msTk;> tprpWk; ,ilntspAk;
Nygs;fspNyh my;yJ rpghupR nra;ag;gl;l
Gj;jfj;jpNyh jug;gl;Ls;sd.
46
tpupthf;f mYtyu;fspw;Fk;> tptrhapfspw;Fkhd ntq;fha tpij cw;gj;jp topfhl;ly;fs;
- mWtil nra;Ak; NghJ ehrpdpfis tprpwpa
gpd; mWtil nra;Ak; ,ilntspia
rpuj;ijAld; gpd;gw;wTk;.
- mstpw;fjpfkhf tprpWtjhy;
,urhadq;fspdhy; ghjp;g;Gfs; Vw;gLtNjhL>
Fiwthf tprpWtjhy; Fiwe;jsthd
tpidj;jpwidNa ngwf; $bajhapUf;Fk;.
- njhlu;r;rpahf xNu ehrpdpia tprpwhJ> 2
my;yJ 3 ehrpdpfis khwp> khwp tprpWk;
NghJ mjd; ed;ikfisg; ngw;Wf; nfhs;s
KbAk;.
gPilehrpdpfis tprpwpa gpd;du;
y gPilehrpdpfis vg;NghJk; ,Wf;fkhf %lg;gl;l
nfhs;fyd;fspy; Nrkpj;J itf;fTk;. ,jid
%banjhU mYkhupapy; itj;J G+l;b itf;fTk;.
ehrpdpfs; ntspNaWfpd;wjh vd;gij mbf;fb
mtjhdpj;Jg; ghu;f;fTk;.
y gps;isfspdhy; vl;l Kbahj> tPl;L tpyq;Ffs;
mZf Kbahj ,lq;fspy; ehrpdpfis Nrkpj;J
itf;fTk;.
y ciwjy;> kio> mstpw;fjpfkhd
Mfpatw;wpdhy; ghjpf;fg;glhjthW
fsQ;rpag;gLj;jp itf;fTk;.
ntg;gepiy
ehrpdpfis
y ehrpdpfis
vg;NghJk;
mtw;iw
thq;fpa
nfhs;fyd;fspNyh my;yJ igf;fw;wpNyh Nrkpj;J
itf;fTk;. ,Wf;fkhf %b itf;fTk;. Nygs;fs;
mjpy; xl;bapUf;fj; jf;f tifapy; mtw;iw Nrkpj;J
itf;fTk;. ehrpdpfis tprpwpaTld; cldbahfNt
tprpWtjw;Fg;
gad;gLj;jpa
MilfisAk;>
cliyAk;
rtu;f;fhuj;jpdhYk;>
ePupdhYk;
Rj;jkhff; fOtTk;
47
tpupthf;f mYtyu;fspw;Fk;> tptrhapfspw;Fkhd ntq;fha tpij cw;gj;jp topfhl;ly;fs;
48
tpupthf;f mYtyu;fspw;Fk;> tptrhapfspw;Fkhd ntq;fha tpij cw;gj;jp topfhl;ly;fs;
Njitahd nghUl;fs;
- ntq;fhak; 1 fp.fp>
- ePu; 400 kp.yP>
- Nrhah Nrh]; 400 kp.yP>
- tpdhfpup 400 kp.yP>
- rPdp 400 fpuhk;.
- tpdhfpupiaAk;> rPdpiaAk; jkJ
Ritf;Nfw;gj; jPu;khdpj;Jf; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;.
- ,j;Jld; kpsif my;yJ nykidAk; $l
Nru;j;Jf; nfhs;s KbAk;.
ntq;fhaj;ij Maj;jk; nra;jy;
ntq;fhaj;ijf; fOtp Rj;jk; nra;aTk;. Rj;jk;
nra;j ntq;fhaj;ij Njitahd mstpy; ntl;bf;
nfhs;sTk;. ntl;ba Jz;Lfis ghj;jpunkhd;wpy;
,l;L> ePu; tbAk; tiu 15 epkplq;fspw;F
itj;jpUf;fTk;. ntl;ba ntq;fhaj;ij cyu;thd>
Rj;jkhd gpsh\;upf; ghj;jpuj;jpy; my;yJ Nghj;jypy;
,lTk;.
mr;rhW jahupj;jy;
JUg;gpbf;fhj cUf;fpyhd Nrh];Ngdpy; Nrhah
Nrh];> tpdhfpup> rPdp Mfpatw;iw ,l;L> rPdp
rpwpjsT #lhFk; tiu #lhf;fTk; (nfhjpf;f
Ntz;bajpy;iy). ,t;thW Maj;jk; nra;j
tpdhfpupia Kd;du; ntq;fhaj;ij ,l;l ghj;jpuj;jpy;
Cw;wp tplTk;.
Nrkpj;J itj;jy;
,jid 06 kzpj;jpahyq;fspd; gpd;du; cz;z
KbAk;. Mdhy; 03 ehl;fspd; gpd;dNu kpfTk;
Ritahf ,Uf;Fk;. ,jid Fsp&l;bapy; Nrkpj;J
itf;fyhk;. gy thuq;fspw;F ,t;thW Nrkpj;J
itf;fyhk;. vdpDk; Kjy; thuj;jpy; cz;gNj
kpfTk; ey;yjhFk;.
rpwe;j MNuhf;fpaj;jpw;F ehnshd;wpw;F
xU ntq;fhaj;ij cz;zTk;
49