SIKA® CARBODUR® CALCULATION SOFTWARE
PROJECT: SYMPHONY
ELEMENT: SPANDRAL-S5
INDEX
1. DESIGN CRITERIA AND REGULATIONS................................................................................................................................ 3
2. CALCULATION ASSUMPTIONS............................................................................................................................................ 3
2.1. Geometry............................................................................................................................................................. 3
2.2. Concrete............................................................................................................................................................... 3
2.3. Internal shear reinforcement................................................................................................................................ 3
2.4. Strength reduction factors.................................................................................................................................... 4
2.5. Load factors.......................................................................................................................................................... 4
2.6. Exposure conditions.............................................................................................................................................. 4
3. SHEAR STRENGTHENING.................................................................................................................................................... 4
3.1. Properties of FRP system...................................................................................................................................... 4
3.2. Concrete contribution to shear strength............................................................................................................... 4
3.3. Steel reinforcement contribution to shear strength.............................................................................................. 4
3.4. FRP Contribution to shear strength....................................................................................................................... 5
4. ANTICIPATED COMBINATIONS OF LOADS.......................................................................................................................... 5
4.1. Expected loads (strengthening design).................................................................................................................. 5
5. RESULTS............................................................................................................................................................................ 6
5.1. Summary of results............................................................................................................................................... 6
5.2. Ultimate limit states............................................................................................................................................. 6
5.3. Fire resistance (t=0 min.)...................................................................................................................................... 7
5.4. FRP arrangement.................................................................................................................................................. 7
Sika Services AG
Element: SPANDRAL-S5
Date: 06/12/2023
Corporate Tech. Dept.
Editor: NB
Project: SYMPHONY
Tüffenwies 16
Remarks:
8048 Zürich (Switzerland)
www.sika.com
1/11
6. PRODUCT SPECIFICATION.................................................................................................................................................. 7
6.1. Bonded SikaWrap® fabrics.................................................................................................................................... 7
6.1.1. Concrete surface preparation.........................................................................................................................
8
6.1.2. SikaWrap® fabrics...........................................................................................................................................
8
6.1.3. Epoxy Adhesive...............................................................................................................................................
8
6.1.4. Application procedure..................................................................................................................................... 9
7. LEGAL DISCLAIMER............................................................................................................................................................ 11
8. ABOUT SIKA® CARBODUR® CALCULATION SOFTWARE....................................................................................................... 11
Sika Services AG
Element: SPANDRAL-S5
Date: 06/12/2023
Corporate Tech. Dept.
Editor: NB
Project: SYMPHONY
Tüffenwies 16
Remarks:
8048 Zürich (Switzerland)
www.sika.com
2/11
1. DESIGN CRITERIA AND REGULATIONS
Shear strengthening of beam.
- ACI 440.2R-17
- ACI 318
- Country: Sri Lanka
2. CALCULATION ASSUMPTIONS
2.1. Geometry
Width
(b) = 600 mm
Height
(h) = 1150 mm
94
900
1150
Concrete cover (d1) = 94 mm
600
2.2. Concrete
Compressive strength of concrete
Concrete strength (f'c) = 50 MPa
Cylinder specimen
= 50 MPa
Cube specimen
= 60 MPa
2.3. Internal shear reinforcement
Steel fy
(MPa)
Es
Number x ds C. to c. spacing Angle
(MPa)
(mm)
(mm)
(°)
(Grade 420) 420 200000
4 x 10.0
Sika Services AG
Element: SPANDRAL-S5
Date: 06/12/2023
Corporate Tech. Dept.
Editor: NB
Project: SYMPHONY
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3/11
100
90.0
2.4. Strength reduction factors
Defined by (ACI 318)
φ = 0.75
2.5. Load factors
ACI combinations
Dead loads Live loads
Strengthening limits
1.10
0.75
Expected loads (strengthening design)
1.20
1.60
Fire situation
1.00
1.00
2.6. Exposure conditions
Fiber type: Carbon
Exposure conditions: Interior exposure (Ce = 0.95)
3. SHEAR STRENGTHENING
3.1. Properties of FRP system
Wrapping scheme: 3-sided "U-wrap"
Discrete strips
Height of FRP reinforcement
hf : 900 mm
Sf : 500 mm
C. to c. spacing
εfu
Laminate
Ef
(MPa)
*
1/2 SikaWrap® 600C WV - 50 cm (25 cm) 0.0159 200000.00
Thickness tf
Width
Number n
(mm)
(mm)
0.331
5
250.00
3.2. Concrete contribution to shear strength

Nu
Vc = 0.17 ⋅  1 +
 14 ⋅ A
g


⋅λ ⋅ f 'c ⋅ bw ⋅ d


Vc : 761.64 kN
Nu (kN) Ag (mm²)
0.00
λ
690000 1.00
f'c (MPa) bw (mm) d (mm)
50
600
1056
3.3. Steel reinforcement contribution to shear strength
1
Vs = ⋅ A v ⋅ fyt ⋅ d ⋅ ( senα + cos α ) ; fyt > 420 MPa
s
Vs : 1393.36 kN
s (mm) Av (mm²) fyt (MPa) d (mm) α (°)
100
314
420
Sika Services AG
Element: SPANDRAL-S5
Date: 06/12/2023
Corporate Tech. Dept.
Editor: NB
Project: SYMPHONY
Tüffenwies 16
Remarks:
8048 Zürich (Switzerland)
www.sika.com
4/11
1056
90.0
3.4. FRP Contribution to shear strength
The contribution of the FRP system to shear strength of a member is based on the fiber orientation
and an assumed crack pattern (Khalifa et al. 1998). The shear strength provided by the FRP
reinforcement can be determined by calculating the force resulting from the tensile stress in the FRP
across the assumed crack. The shear contribution of the FRP shear reinforcement is then given by Eq.
Vf =
A fv ⋅ ffe ⋅ ( sin α + cos α ) ⋅ dfv
sf
Vf : 486.31 kN
Where
A fv = 2 ⋅ n ⋅ tf ⋅ w f
Afv : 827.50 mm²
The tensile stress in the FRP shear reinforcement at nominal strength is directly proportional to the
level of strain that can be developed in the FRP shear reinforcement at nominal strength
ffe = ε fe ⋅ Ef
ffe : 364.57 MPa
Effective strain in FRP laminates
ε fe = κ v ⋅ε fu ≤ 0.004
εfe :
0.0018
κ :
0.12
le :
14.65 mm
k1 :
1.51
k2 :
0.98
The bond-reduction coefficient is a function of the concrete strength, the type of wrapping scheme
used, and the stiffness of the laminate. The bond-reduction coefficient can be computed from Eq.
k1 ⋅ k2 ⋅ Le
≤ 0.75
11900 ⋅ε fu
κv =
The active bond length Le is the length over which the majority of the bond stress is maintained. This
length is given by Eq.
Le =
23300
(nf ⋅ tf ⋅Ef )
0.58
The bond-reduction coefficient relies on two modification factors, k1 and k2, that account for the
concrete strength and the type of wrapping scheme used, respectively. Expressions for these
modification factors are given in Eq.
 f' 
k1 =  c 
 27 
k2 =
2
3
dfv − L e
dfv
4. ANTICIPATED COMBINATIONS OF LOADS
4.1. Expected loads (strengthening design)
Dead loads
VDL : 1300.00 kN
NDL :
0.00 kN
Live loads
VLL :
NLL :
Sika Services AG
Element: SPANDRAL-S5
Date: 06/12/2023
Corporate Tech. Dept.
Editor: NB
Project: SYMPHONY
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Remarks:
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5/11
200.00 kN
0.00 kN
The live load acting on the member is not expected to be present for a sustained period of time
5. RESULTS
5.1. Summary of results
The design shear strength should be calculated by:
φ⋅ Vn ≥ Vu
Strengthening limits (ACI440.2R-17, 9.2)
Loading
φ
Vu
(kN)
Vn
(kN)
Su = 1.10 · SDL + 0.75 · SLL
0.75
1580.00
2155.00
φ·Vn ≥ Vu
Un-strengthened section
Strengthened section under anticipated loads
Loading
φ
Vu
(kN)
Vn
(kN)
Su = 1.20 · SDL + 1.60 · SLL
0.75
1880.00
2568.36
φ·Vn ≥ Vu
Strengthened section
Fire resistance (t=0 min.)
Loading
Vu
(kN)
Vn
(kN)
Su = 1.00 · SDL + 1.00 · SLL
1500.00
2155.00
Vnθ ≥ Vu (Vnθ = Vn)
Un-strengthened section
5.2. Ultimate limit states
Strengthening limits. Minimum combination of loads to be resisted by the un-strengthened member
(ACI440.2R-17, Section 9.2).
Su = 1.10 · SDL + 0.75 · SLL
φ⋅ Vn = φ⋅ ( Vc + Vs )
Vc :
761.64 kN
Vs : 1393.36 kN
Strengthened section with factored expected loads
Su = 1.20 · SDL + 1.60 · SLL
The nominal shear strength of an FRP-strengthened concrete member can be determined by adding
the contribution of the FRP external shear reinforcement to the contributions from the reinforcing
steel (stirrups, ties, or spirals) and the concrete
φ⋅ Vn = φ ⋅ ( Vc + Vs + ψ f ⋅ Vf )
Vc :
761.64 kN
Vs : 1393.36 kN
Vf : 486.31 kN
ψf :
Sika Services AG
Element: SPANDRAL-S5
Date: 06/12/2023
Corporate Tech. Dept.
Editor: NB
Project: SYMPHONY
Tüffenwies 16
Remarks:
8048 Zürich (Switzerland)
www.sika.com
6/11
0.85
5.3. Fire resistance (t=0 min.)
Case of fire. Un-strengthened section.
Su = 1.00 · SDL + 1.00 · SLL
Vn = ( Vc + Vs )
Vc :
761.64 kN
Vs : 1393.36 kN
The nominal strength of the un-strengthened member exceeds the combination of loads corresponding to the fire situation.
The FRP strengthening is therefore not necessary during a fire situation, and does not need to be protected. If a certain fire
rating is necessary, the designer must evaluate the need for a protection of the RC element (concrete and steel
reinforcement) according to the local codes.
5.4. FRP arrangement
The previous results correspond to the following FRP scheme:
5 layers of 1/2 SikaWrap® 600C WV - 50 cm (25 cm)
Wrapping scheme: 3-sided "U-wrap"
Discrete strips
C. to c. spacing: 500 mm
250
500
6. PRODUCT SPECIFICATION
6.1. Bonded SikaWrap® fabrics
The strengthening shall be achieved using unidirectional carbon fibre fabric, impregnated and externally bonded to the
structure with epoxy adhesive Sikadur®-300
The fibers should be aligned and free of torsion.
The material shall have a long track record (> 25 years) for structural strengthening.
The fibre fabric shall be unidirectional and fabricated of PAN based carbon fibres.
Sika Services AG
Element: SPANDRAL-S5
Date: 06/12/2023
Corporate Tech. Dept.
Editor: NB
Project: SYMPHONY
Tüffenwies 16
Remarks:
8048 Zürich (Switzerland)
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7/11
Installation in several layers shall be possible.
Measured values of mechanical properties of laminated fabrics shall be provided, minimum test series of 20 samples.
6.1.1. Concrete surface preparation
Any unsound material shall be removed and removed concrete shall be repaired as described above. Large blowholes and
honeycombing shall be filled with a suitable repair mortar.
Repair materials shall be fully compatible with the adhesive.
The actual strength of the concrete substrate shall be verified with at least three pull-off tests.
The concrete shall be older than 28 days.
The laitance layer on the substrate surface shall be removed and an open-textured surface shall be created.
The substrate surface shall be cleaned so that it is free from oil, grease and any other contaminants as well as loose particles
and dust.
For fibre fabric application, all corners shall be rounded to a minimum radius of 20 mm and any sharp edges shall be
removed.
The substrate moisture content shall be less than 4% pbw.
6.1.2. SikaWrap® fabrics
The materials shall comply with the performance characteristics described as follows:
6.1.2.1. Typical Properties of 1/2 SikaWrap® 600C WV - 50 cm (25 cm) fabric:
Typical dry fiber properties:
E-Modulus
EN 2561/ASTM D3039 ≈ 230000 N/mm² (MPa)
Tensile Strength EN 2561/ASTM D3039
≈ 4000 N/mm² (MPa)
Strain at break EN 2561/ASTM D3039
1.59 %
Typical laminate properties (related to fibre thickness):
E-Modulus EN 2561/ASTM D3039 ≈ 235000 N/mm² (MPa)
6.1.3. Epoxy Adhesive
The adhesive shall be epoxy based.
The 1/2 SikaWrap® 600C WV - 50 cm (25 cm) fabric shall be impregnated with resin before placement on the structure with
Sikadur-300
Sika Services AG
Element: SPANDRAL-S5
Date: 06/12/2023
Corporate Tech. Dept.
Editor: NB
Project: SYMPHONY
Tüffenwies 16
Remarks:
8048 Zürich (Switzerland)
www.sika.com
8/11
6.1.3.1. Typical Properties of Sikadur®-300 adhesive
The adhesive must comply with EN 1504-4.
Chemical base
Epoxy resin
Density
1.16 kg/l (at +23°C).
+15ºC
≈ 2000 mPas
Viscosity (shear rate 50/S)
+23ºC
≈ 700 mPas
+40ºC
≈ 200 mPas
Thermal expansion coefficient
-20ºC to +40ºC
6.0 x 10-5 per °C
Curing
7 days, +15ºC
+43ºC
7 days, +23ºC
+49ºC
3 days, +40ºC
+60ºC
7 days, +40ºC
+66ºC
Service temperature
23ºC Curing
-40ºC to +45ºC
Tensile Strength
DIN EN ISO 527-3
45 N/mm2 (7 days at +23°C)
Thermal stability. HDT (ASTM D648)
Bond Strength (sandblasted substrate) DIN EN ISO 4624 Concrete fracture (> 4 N/mm²)
E-Modulus (flexural)
DIN EN 1465
2800 N/mm2 (7 days at +23°C)
E-modulus in tensile
DIN EN ISO 527-3 3500 N/mm2 (7 days at +23°C)
Elongation at break
DIN EN ISO 527-3
1.5% (7 days at +23°C)
6.1.4. Application procedure
The wrap shall be cut to size with special fibre scissors.
A primer layer of the impregnating resin shall be applied on the substrate surface, using a toothed trowel or a roller.
Distribute 2/3 of the expected Sikadur®-300 quantity on a clean PE sheet and then place the pre-cut fabric onto the resin
covered sheet. Saturate SikaWrap® fabric by rolling with a mohair or plastic roller in the fibre direction until the resin
penetrates through the fabric. Distribute the remaining 1/3 of the Sikadur®-300 onto the fabric and evenly spread with roller
to fully saturate fabric. Remove the excess of resin.
The fabric shall be placed on the substrate, pressed on gently, and the resin shall be worked into the fabric with an
impregnation roller until the fabric is completely saturated.
Additional layers shall be installed as described above, preferably wet-on-wet.
In case of a cementitious overcoat, the resulting resin surface shall be broadcasted with quartz sand.
Impregnation shall always be performed in fibre direction.
After application, the finished fibre fabric installation of shall be protected from rain, sand, dust and any other contaminants.
Sika Services AG
Element: SPANDRAL-S5
Date: 06/12/2023
Corporate Tech. Dept.
Editor: NB
Project: SYMPHONY
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If necessary, the applied system shall be protected with a suitable coating (compatibility tests between the coating and the
fabric shall be available).
Sika Services AG
Element: SPANDRAL-S5
Date: 06/12/2023
Corporate Tech. Dept.
Editor: NB
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7. LEGAL DISCLAIMER
THIS SOFTWARE APPLICATION AND THE RESULTS DERIVED FROM ITS UTILIZATION ARE INTENDED ONLY FOR USE BY
PROFESSIONAL USERS WITH EXPERT KNOWLEDGE IN THE AREA OF THE INTENDED APPLICATION. USERS MUST
INDEPENDENTLY VERIFY THE RESULTS BEFORE ANY USE AND TAKE INTO ACCOUNT THE SITE AND APPLICATION CONDITIONS,
PRODUCT DATA SHEET AND PRODUCT LITERATURE, TECHNICAL STATE OF THE ART AS WELL AS LOCAL APPLICABLE
STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS.
With respect to the software application and results derived from its use, SIKA MAKES NO WARRANTIES OF ACCURACY,
RELIABILITY, COMPLETENESS, MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PURPOSE. THE SOFTWARE APPLICATION IS PROVIDED
ON AN "AS-IS" BASIS AND SIKA EXPRESSLY DISCLAIMS ANY WARRANTIES WITH RESPECT TO THE SOFTWARE APPLICATION
AND RESULTS DERIVED FROM ITS USE.
Sika shall not be liable for any consequential, punitive, incidental, exemplary, or special damages (including but not limited
to loss of business opportunity or loss of profit) arising out of the evaluation or use of the software application and results
derived from its use.
The information, and, in particular, the recommendations relating to the application and end-use of Sika products, are given
in good faith based on Sika's current knowledge and experience of the products when properly stored, handled and applied
under normal conditions in accordance with Sika's recommendations. In practice, the differences in materials, substrates and
actual site conditions are such that no warranty in respect of merchantability or of fitness for a particular purpose, nor any
liability arising out of any legal relationship whatsoever, can be inferred either from this information, or from any written
recommendations, or from any other advice offered. The user of the product must test the product's suitability for the
intended application and purpose. Sika reserves the right to change the properties of its products. The proprietary rights of
third parties must be observed. All orders are accepted subject to our current terms of sale and delivery. Users must always
refer to the most recent issue of the local Product Data Sheet for the product concerned, copies of which will be supplied on
request.
Except as indicated otherwise, all information, text, graphic images, features, functions, and layout contained in this
software are the exclusive property of Sika and may not be copied or distributed, in whole or in part, without the Company's
express written consent.
By transmitting information to Sika, you grant to the Company the unrestricted irrevocable license to use, reproduce,
display, modify, distribute and perform such information. Personal identity information is used by Sika only to process a
request for information by you or for marketing our products and services.
© Copyright Sika Services AG 2016
8. ABOUT SIKA® CARBODUR® CALCULATION SOFTWARE
Engineered by:
Cype Software - Eusebio Sempere, 5 - 03003 Alicante (Spain)
www.cype.com
Sika Services AG
Element: SPANDRAL-S5
Date: 06/12/2023
Corporate Tech. Dept.
Editor: NB
Project: SYMPHONY
Tüffenwies 16
Remarks:
8048 Zürich (Switzerland)
www.sika.com
11/11