THE UNIVERSITY OF DODOMA
COLLEGE OF NATURAL AND MATHEMATICAL SCIENCES
DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY
COURSE TITLE: CHEMISTRY PROJECT
COURSE CODE: CH 3100
PROJECT SUPERVISOR: PROF VEGI M. RAO
GROUP NUMBER: 4
PRESENTATION DATE: 15TH JANUARY 2024 ACADEMIC YEAR: 2023/2024
STUDENTS PATICULARS
S/N
NAME
REGISTRATION NUMBER
SEX
01.
MKAMA M. OSWARD
T21-03-04056
M
02.
ALPHONCE M. SOSPETER
T21-03-01615
M
03.
NURU E. NUNDA
T21-03-14385
M
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PROJECT TITLE
Evaluation of the performance of Biosorbents
prepared
from
Moringa
oleifera
parts
on
wastewater treatment for irrigation
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1
CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION
• Wastewater is the water contaminated by impurities, chemicals and
pathogens
which
leads
hazards
to
living
organisms
and
environment. Major sources of wastewater are textile industries,
pharmaceutical industries, paper industries, toilet, kitchen, car
washing places, insecticides, herbicides from agricultural areas,
dumping of dead animals into the rivers and surface runoff flowing
from contaminated areas into the streams and rivers.
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Introduction cont….
• Before discharging wastewater into rivers and streams should be
treated by biosorbents prepared from Moringa oleifera (M.oleifera)
parts (seeds, leaves and tree barks) to remove impurities turning
wastewater into valuable uses for agricultural activities (Mohamed
laaouan et al., 2023). (WHO 2006);(S. M. Musa et al 2019);(Miraji,
H. et al., 2015).
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3
Problem Justification
• For public health wastewater should be treated by biosorbents prepared from
M.oleifera to reduce health hazard caused by waterborne diseases influenced by
the survival of pathogens. The ways public is affected by direct and/or indirect
wastewater use for rural, urban, Safety problem of workers on the land or near the
land, also through consumption or handling of the foodstuff since pathogens
survive depending on environmental temperature and time (WHO 1989).
• For irrigation wastewater treated by biosorbents prepared from M.oleifera
provide effluent meeting the recommended microbiological and chemical quality
guideline both at low cost, minimal operational and maintenance requirements
(arar 1988);(FAO 1992).
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Objectives
General Objective
To evaluate the Performance of M.oleifera parts on wastewater
treatment for irrigation.
Specific Objectives
• To determine physical, chemical and biological characteristics of
wastewater before treatment using biosorbents prepared from
M.oleifera parts.
• To prepare biosorbents from M.oleifera seeds, tree barks and leaves.
• To apply prepared biosorbents for wastewater treatment.
• To determine the physical, chemical and biological properties after
treatment.
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Research questions
• What are the physical, chemical
and biological characteristics of
wastewater before using prepared
biosorbents?
Expected Research
outcomes

• How to prepare biosorbents from
M.oleifera seeds, tree barks and
leaves?
• How to apply prepared biosorbents
for wastewater treatment?

• What
is
the
efficiency
of
biosorbents
prepared
from
M.oleifera after treatment?
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Providing detailed information
on
the
efficiency
of
biosorbents prepared from
M.oleifera
in
wastewater
treatment and how will be
suitable for irrigation.
Effective
treatment
of
wastewater
resulting
in
improved physical, chemical
and biological parameters.
6
Significance of the study
• Evaluating performance of M.oleifera • Provision of employment opportunities to
seeds, leaves and tree barks in powder the
people
and
generation
of
form towards improvement of physical, government revenues to the country.
chemical and biological properties of Large number of people in our country
wastewater treatment.
have been employed in wastewater
• Preventing harm to human health; treatment plants.
waterborne
diseases,
caused
by • The cost minimization of wastewater
pathogens
present
in
untreated treatment rather than much dependency
wastewater, pose significant risks to on commercial reagents being with
human health. Proper wastewater negative impact to agricultural activities
treatment significantly reduces these and environment. Furthermore, to
pathogens, making water safe for enhance eco-friendly natural adsorbent
irrigation.
with less cost full and available in both
rural
and urban society for wastewater
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4
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CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW
 M.oleifera is commonly known as a drumstick tree or miracle tree found in
the tropical and sub-tropical regions, M.oleifera is more potency with its
parts in both natural coagulant and as medicine (kruthi Doriya et al
2016);(Pratibha Pandey et al., 2023);(Wendesen Mekonin Desta et al.,
2021);(Mohd Sukri Hassan et al., 2020), M.oleifera leaves powder
biosorbents used in wastewater treatment (Pratibha Pandey et al 2020).
M.oleifera seeds powder biosorbents according to Pandey et al 2023;(Arafat
M. Goja et al 2013);(Md.shahin azad et al 2020);(Mohd Sukri Hassan et al.,
2020), (Miraji, H. et al., 2015).
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Moringa oleifera images
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CHAPTER THREE: METHODOLOGY
Study area
The research will be conducted at Swaswa located at a site North-East of
Mlimwa in Ipagala Ward. It comprises two (2) series of ponds in parallel,
each with 2 no. of 200 m × 200 m square ponds and an average depth of
1.5 m, covering an area of 16 ha.
Sample criteria and mechanism
On wastewater treatment, the following criteria are highly observed; costs,
environmental compatibility, process flexibility, nature of contaminants,
existing conditions and reliability to utility capability.
The mechanism involves one method of collecting wastewater sample at the
inlet part of the system plant at every one hour to make total of 6000 mL
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Sample collection
The samples will be collected from swaswa sewage plant at 6°9′40.2624″S
and 35°44′43.5336″E in Dodoma region. The wastewater sample will be
collected in an air-tight bottle plastic container about 6000 mL, (Maria, et
al 2022):(APHA et al., 2017). During collection samples are allowed to be
filtered and centrifuged.
Sample size and transportation
Wastewater Samples will be transported in a cool box with ice to DUWASA
and CNMS Laboratory at the University of Dodoma for water quality
parameters analysis and treatment.
Sample storage
Wastewater sample transported will be stored at 40C and allowed to be
processed within two weeks.
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Methodology cont……
Equipment and Materials
Reagents
• EDTA solution
• Polyethylene sterilized bottles
• Ammonium buffer solution
• Portable multiparameter
• Eriochrome black T indicator
• Spectrophotometer
• Sodium hydroxide
• Incubator
• Calcium chloride solution
• Oven
• Silver nitrate solution
• Dilute hydrochloric acid solution
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Sample preparation.

Leaves collected from M.oleifera plant, will be dried in cool place for
about 72hours and then grinded by using mortar and pestle to obtain
powder form of leaves obtain powder finally through sieve for more
fine powder form.

Preparing moringa seeds by peeling, cleaning, drying in the air and
extracting at a low temperature for five days. Then followed by
preparing M.oleifera seeds micro powder through grinding by mortar
and pestle and their passed through sieve for more finepowder.

Tree barks collected from M.oleifera plant for about 36hours then
dried by sun then grinded by using blender to obtain powder finally
through sieve for more fine powder form.
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Sample analysis
Wastewater sample will be taken to CNMS laboratories for the analysis of
physicochemical and biological parameters such as pH, temperature,
turbidity, conductivity, chlorine, sulfate, TDS, color, COD, BOD and E.coli
bacteria.
Calibration of instruments
 Before and during determination of physical, chemical and biological
properties of wastewater treatment the instrument will first be calibrated
respectively.
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Treatment procedure
About 1g of biosorbents powder weighed will be poured into 200 mL
wastewater sample. Then weigh out 2, 3,4,5,6,7,8,9 and 10 grams of
Biosorbents pour into 200mL wastewater sample with the same time
for mixture to settle.
•
•
Various formula in analysis
tools
•
.
Data Analysis
• %
Removal of color =
𝑅𝑤𝑖−𝑊𝑂𝑓
(
)*100
• The mean ± standard deviation.
•%
of Turbidity removal =
𝑇𝑈𝑅𝑖−𝑇𝑈𝑅𝑓
(
)*100
• (ANOVA)
• (SPSS) software.
𝑊𝑂𝑓
𝑇𝑈𝑅𝑖
• t-test
• M.oleifera efficiency (%H )=
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𝐶𝑖−𝐶𝑓
)*100
𝐶𝑖
• f-test
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Schematic diagram that explain chapter 3
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BUDGET
S/
THE COSTS IN TSh.
DEMANDS
N
01 Sample collection and analysis
150,000/=
02 Transport cost
50,000/=
03 Resource of data and Internet access
20,000/=
04 Stationary cost
20,000/=
05 Caution money
30,000/=
06 Meal and accommodations
30,000/=
TOTAL AMOUNT
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350,000/=
17
TIME FRAME
S/N ACTIVITIES
MONTHS
Project Title submission & Concept Note NOVEMBER 2023
01
development
DURATION
02
Development of project Proposal
DECEMBER 2023
3 weeks
03
Proposal presentation
JANUARY 2024
1day of the
4 weeks
2nd week
04
Data collection and Analysis
FEBRUARY 2024
05
Scientific Report writing
MARCH,APRIL 2024 8 weeks
06
Submission and presentation of report
MAY
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4 weeks
1 day
18
REFERENCES
1. Wendesen M.D. and Million E.B. Wastewater using a natural coagulant (Moringa oleifera
seeds): Optimiziation through response surface methodology.
https://doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2021. e08451.
2. Pandey P, Khan F, Mishra R, Singh SK. Elucidation of the potential of Moringa oleifera leaves
extract as a novel alternate to the chemical coagulant in water treatment process. Water
Environ Res. 2020b;92 (7):1051-1056.
https://doi:org/10.3390/ijerph.2020 .17207468
3. Mohd Sukri Hassan. Importance of Moringa Oleifera for Wastewater Treatment: A Review,
International Journal of Sustainable Energy Development (IJSED), Volume 8, Issue 1, 2020.
https://doi:org/ijsed.2020 .
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Reference cont…..
4. Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO 1992, 2005, 2011, 2022) wastewater
characteristics and effluents quality parameters in agriculture use.
https://www.fao.org/3/t0551e .
5. Bhuptawat, H; folkard,GK, S (2007) innovative physico-chemical treatment of wastewater
incorporating moringa oilefera seed coagulant. Journal of hazardous materials,142:477482.
https://doi:org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2006.08.044.
6. M.G. Arafat, and S.O. Mohamed, “Preliminary Study on Efficacy of Leaves, Seeds and
Bark Extracts of Moringa oleifera in Reducing Bacterial load in Water”, International
Journal of Advanced Research, (2013), 1, 124-130
https://doi:org/ijar.2013, 1, 124-130
7. Kalikawe, J., Patrick, M., Joseph, K. and Miraji, H. “Physico-Chemical controlled
investigation
of
coagulation
efficiency
of
Moringa
oleifera.”
Doi:
http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ejesm. 2015. V8i2. 12
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Reference cont….
8. Mustapha, HB (2013). Review of the applications of moringa oilefera seeds Extract in
water
treatment.
Civil
and
environmental
research,
3:1-
https://doi:org/10.4236/gep.2022.103010
9.
Ndabigengesere,A; Narasiah,K.S. use of moringa oleifera seeds as a
primary
coagulant in wastewater treatment. Environ. Technol.1998,19,789-800.World Health
https://doi:org/10.1016/s0043-1354(97)00295-9
10. Organization (WHO 2006) irrigation of crops by treated wastewater.
https://www.who.org
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THANK
YOU
THE
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END
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