Corporations
T
--
I
.
-
H
.
1
IV
Sole Trader
and
Companies
Partnerships
and
and
Legal Personality
Companies
Separate Legal Personality
-
Private Companies
I.
Ignoring
and
Public
Companies
Separate Legal Personality
I.
Sole Trader
and
Companies
Sole Trader
.
Independence
2
All
1
.
3
.
No
profits
formal
accrue
Companies
.
Economies
.
2
Limited
1
to the
procedures
owner
.
3
Perpetual
of
scales
Liability
succession
-
II
-
Partnerships
Course
and
Note
Companies
Pg
119
-
limited
liability
Y
-
limited by
private
-
guarantee
C
C
Limited
shares
by
-
mostly
limited companies only
for not for
-
also used
both
by Big
private
companies
-
profit organisations
)
4- accounting firms 3
and
public
limited
'
¥
S.H.F-xamp.IE#
Sat0m0nvSalomonacaLtd.C1gq#
Salomon
sold shoe business
#
consideration
:
f-
38,782
Salomon
a
co Ltd
-
.
.
£
cash
8.782
MC
shares
20,000
(
Salomon
is
shareholder
debentures
10,000
C Salomon
is
a
immediately paid by
Salomon Aco Ltd
.
( member >
.
7
of the
creditor of the company )
company
.
-
38,782
÷
%:ts=ca9taltliabili#
=
(
t
20,000
)
t
10,000
.
)
Minimum
Requirement
Share
to
Become
a
Public
Limited company
-
Issued
Paid
capital
-
up
=
capital
Minimum
=
(
Nominal
value
nominal
25%
)
t
f-
Premium
50,000
WHOLE
③
/ 1×21
entity
Micro
small
company
#
Balance
not
sheet
more
total
than
;;;y±÷;
more
⇐
316,000
.
.
10
Employees
not
E
than
.
E
.
5. I
m
)
"
. .am
50
#
④
Substance
over
Form
concept
in
group companies
#
→
Group
company
C
Economic
Parent separate legal entity
¥
-
substance
over
Form
7
separate legal entity
C
substance )
Legal
form )
5 Substance
over
Form
7
menstruation
⑧ Toenforcepersonalliabilityofthecompany
1
2
3
.
.
4
.
6
.
7
8
.
.
.
without
Fraudulent
Quasi
-
Sham
Evasion
certificate
wrongful trading
S
(
CA
OG
7
Insolvency
Act
1986 3
partnership
company
of
Disqualified
Abuse
and
trade
interest
Public
.
5
Trading
of
obligations
directors
company
name
and failure to
display
S
CA
OG
7