- Mark Scheme
Question
1(a)(i)
Answer
any five from:
Marks
5
for (giant panda closer to red
panda):
same diet / herbivores / AW ;
terrestrial / similar, ecosystems
/ habitats ;
fur markings described ;
ear position ;
against:
shorter (branch) distance
between giant panda and polar
bear (than to red panda) ;
fewer, DNA (base sequence) /
gene, differences between giant
panda and polar bear (than to
red panda) ;
(red panda) first appeared, 40±3
million rather than 20±3 million,
years ago (giant and polar) ;
more time for, mutations /
evolution (for red panda) ;
common, ancestor / branch /
relationship, 20±3 million, (giant
and polar), than 47±3 million
years ago (red) ;
DNA data is likely to be more,
accurate / quantitative / not
subjective ;
1(a)(ii)
anatomy / ability to produce
fertile offspring / AVP ;
1
AO Element
/
Notes
Guidance
- Mark Scheme
Question
Answer
2
cell
cell
function structure
Marks
letter
from
diagram
storage
nucleus
of genes
G
aerobic
mitochondria
respiration
E
amino
acids are
assembled
to make
protein
ribosome(s)
OR
(rough)
endoplasmic
reticulum
/ (R)ER
3
H/F
F
;;;
3
any three from:
idea of presence of chloride ions
(in duct) decreases water
potential ;
(water moves by) osmosis ;
down water potential gradient /
from high water potential to low
water potential ;
(movement of water) through
partially permeable membrane
;
3
AO Element
/
Notes
one mark per row
Guidance
- Mark Scheme
Question
4
Answer
products
nutrients elements enzyme of
digestion
protein C, H,
O, N
(S)
AND
fat
lactose
(milk
sugar)
5
C, H,
O;
Marks
4
protease
/
amino
pepsin
acids ;
/
trypsin
fatty
acids
lipase AND
glycerol
;
galactose
and
lactase
glucose
;
(simple
sugars)
any two from:
ref. to specificity (of enyme) ;
shape of active site is
complementary to, substrate /
sucrose ;
for, substrate / sucrose, to bind
/ fit, enzyme / sucrase / active
site ;
2
AO Element
/
Notes
elements for protein
and fat for 1 mark
enzyme and products
for protein for 1 mark
enzyme and products
for fat for 1 mark
enzyme for lactose for
1 mark
Guidance
- Mark Scheme
Question
6
Answer
any two from:
reduces, extraction /
conserves, (named) fossil /
1
non-renewable,
fuels ;
(temporarily) removes,
carbon dioxide / greenhouse
gases (from atmosphere) /
2 does not add more, carbon
dioxide / greenhouse gas (to
the atmosphere) / idea that
the process is carbon neutral
;
3
does not cause / prevents a
further increase in, enhanced
greenhouse effect ;
does not cause / prevents
4 further increase in global
warming / prevents further
climate change ;
it is a sustainable process /
5 uses renewable fuel source /
described ;
6
Marks
2
AO Element
/
Notes
Guidance
- Mark Scheme
Question
Answer
Marks
AVP ; e.g. described example
of less environmental impact
caused by use of
non-renewable (fossil) fuels
;
7
J liver ;
K gall bladder ;
L duodenum / small intestine
;
3
8
any four from:
obtain (named) resources from,
larger / deeper, area ;
so that they have enough roots
to survive (the reintroduction
process) ;
ref. to large(r) surface area ;
more root hair (cells) ;
for (more) water and (named)
minerals / ions / salts, uptake ;
anchorage / described ;
so that not pulled out (when
animals grazing / wind etc) ;
reduced soil erosion ;
AVP ; e.g. named use of, water
/ mineral ion
4
AO Element
/
Notes
Guidance
- Mark Scheme
Question
9
Answer
any four from:
1
oxygenated and
deoxygenated blood, are
kept separate / do not mix
/ separated by septum ;
2
ensures efficient supply of
oxygen (to, body / AW) ;
3
ensures efficient supply of
(named) nutrients (to, body
/ AW) ;
4
low(er) pressure in,
pulmonary, artery / circuit
/ AW ;
5
to prevents damage to
(capillaries in the) lungs ;
6
allows more time for gas
exchange ;
7
allows high(er) pressure (in
body) ;
8
to ensure efficient, blood
supply to (rest of) body ;
9
to allow filtration in kidneys
(for excretion) ;
to allow / maintain, a high,
10 metabolic rate / rate of
respiration ;
11 AVP ;
Marks
AO Element
/
Notes
4
e.g., larger diffusion
gradient between
capillaries and
respiring tissues
Guidance
- Mark Scheme
Question
Answer
Marks
AO Element
/
Notes
Guidance
[Total: 31]