DE BELEN, EMMANUEL A.
201914010
DATA COMMUNICATION | ACTIVITY (3/28/23)
QUESTIONS
1.) NAME THE BASIC TOPOLOGY OF ETHERNET
2.) WHAT IS THE NAME OF THE LINE ENCODING METHOD USED WITH
ETHERNET, AND WHY IS IT USED?
3.) NAME THE TWO MAIN TYPES OF CABLES USED WITH ETHERNET.
4.) WHAT IS THE ACCESS METHOD USED BY ETHERNET CALLED? (GIVE
FULL NAME AND ABBREVIATION)
5.) EXPLAIN BRIEFLY HOW A STATION GAINS ACCESS TO THE LAN WHEN
ETHERNET IS USED.
6.) WHAT IS THE MAXIMUM LENGTH OF DATA THAT CAN BE TRANSMITTED
IN ONE ETHERNET PACKET?
7.) WHAT IS THE SPEED OF FAST ETHERNET?
8.) IN WHICH LAYERS OF THE OSI MODEL DOES ETHERNET WORK?
9.) EXPLAIN THE PROCESS BY WHICH DATA CAN BE TRANSMITTED AT 1GB
PER SECOND OVER COPPER CABLE
10.) WHAT IS THE MAXIMUM TRANSMISSION DISTANCE OF 1GBPS AND
10GBPS ETHERNET? WHAT TWO FACTORS DETERMINE THIS DISTANCE?
11.) WHAT ARE THE MAIN APPLICATIONS OF 1GBPS AND 10 GBPS
ETHERNET?
12.) WHAT DATA ENCODING SCHEME IS USED IN 1GBPS AND 10 GBPS
ETHERNET? WHY IS IT USED?
13.) WHAT TRANSMISSION MEDIUM IS USED IN EFM?
14.) NAME THE TWO BASIC TYPES OF FIBER OPTIC CABLE
15.) WHAT IS THE PRIMARY MEDIUM FOR 1GE?
16.) DEFINE MAC ADDRESS
17.) WHAT IS THE BACKPLANE?
18.) EXPLAIN HOW 40GE AND 100GE NETWORKS ARE BUILT USING 10GE
PATHS
19.) WHY IS THE NETWORK LINE RATE DIFFERENT FROM THE DATA RATE
IN 40GE AND 100GE NETWORKS?
20.) TRUE OR FALSE. ETHERNET IS USED IN WANS AND MANS.
21.) WHAT ENHANCEMENT TO ETHERNET PROVIDES GREATER RELIABILITY
AND MANAGEMENT CAPABILITY?
22.) DEFINE DATA CENTER
23.) NETWORKS ARE USUALLY THOUGHT OF IN TERMS OF GENERAL
PURPOSE PCS IN A LAN. HOWEVER, OTHER TYPES OF DEVICES AND
COMPUTERS ARE NETWORK. GIVE ONE EXAMPLE.
24.) OTHER THAN SPEED TRANSMISSION, WHAT 3 KEY FACTORS
INFLUENCE HOW FAST TWO NODES IN A LAN CAN COMMUNICATE.
25.) EXPLAIN WHY 1GBPS/10GBPS ETHERNET IS SLOWER WITH 8B/10B FEC.
26.) CAN 40GE OR 100GE BE CARRIED OVER A SINGLE FIBER?
ANSWERS
1.) THE BASIC TOPOLOGY OF ETHERNET IS A BUS TOPOLOGY
2) MANCHESTER ENCODING IS THE LINE ENCODING METHOD USED WITH
ETHERNET
3) TWISTED PAIR AND FIBER OPTIC
4)
CARRIER
SENSE
MULTIPLE
ACCESS
WITH
COLLISION
DETECTION
(CSMA/CD) IS THE NAME OF THE ACCESS TECHNIQUE THAT ETHERNET
EMPLOYS.
5) WHEN A STATION WANTS TO TRANSMIT DATA ON THE LAN, IT FIRST
LISTENS FOR ANY OTHER TRANSMISSIONS ON THE MEDIUM. THE STATION
CAN BEGIN TRANSMITTING IF THE MEDIUM IS NOT IN USE. THE STATION
WAITS FOR AN ARBITRARY PERIOD OF TIME BEFORE TRYING AGAIN IF THE
MEDIUM IS CONGESTED.
6) 1500 BYTES
7) FAST ETHERNET IS 100 MBPS
8) ETHERNET WORKS IN THE DATA LINK LAYER (LAYER 2) AND THE
PHYSICAL LAYER (LAYER 1) OF THE OSI MODEL.
9) TO SEND DATA AT 1GB PER SECOND OVER COPPER CABLE, THE DATA IS
TRANSMITTED UTILIZING FOUR PAIRS OF WIRES CONCURRENTLY, WITH
EACH PAIR TRANSMITTING AT 250 MBPS. IT IS GIGABIT ETHERNET.
10) THE MAXIMUM TRANSMISSION DISTANCE OF 1GBPS ETHERNET IS 100
METERS OVER TWISTED PAIR CABLE, WHILE 10GBPS ETHERNET IS 100
METERS OVER COPPER WIRE AND UP TO 40 KILOMETERS OVER FIBER OPTIC
CABLE. THE TWO CRITERIA THAT INFLUENCE THIS DISTANCE ARE THE TYPE
OF CABLE UTILIZED AND THE DATA RATE.
11) THE MAIN APPLICATIONS OF 1GBPS AND 10GBPS ETHERNET ARE HIGHSPEED DATA TRANSFER IN LANS, DATA CENTERS, AND STORAGE AREA
NETWORKS.
12) THE DATA ENCODING SCHEME USED IN 1GBPS AND 10GBPS ETHERNET
IS 8B/10B ENCODING. IT IS USED TO ENSURE THAT THE DATA IS
TRANSMITTED RELIABLY AND TO ALLOW THE RECEIVER TO RECOVER THE
CLOCK SIGNAL FROM THE DATA STREAM.
13) THE TRANSMISSION MEDIUM USED IN EFM (ETHERNET IN THE FIRST
MILE) IS TWISTED PAIR COPPER CABLE.
14) SINGLE-MODE FIBER AND MULTIMODE FIBER.
15) THE PRIMARY MEDIUM FOR 1GE (GIGABIT ETHERNET) IS TWISTED PAIR
COPPER CABLE.
16) A MAC ADDRESS (MEDIA ACCESS CONTROL ADDRESS) IS A UNIQUE
IDENTIFIER ASSIGNED TO A NETWORK INTERFACE CONTROLLER (NIC) FOR
USE AS A NETWORK ADDRESS IN COMMUNICATIONS WITHIN A NETWORK
SEGMENT.
17) BACKPLANE IS THE INTERNAL COMMUNICATION SYSTEM WITHIN A
NETWORK SWITCH THAT CONNECTS THE VARIOUS MODULES AND PORTS
OF THE SWITCH.
18) 40GE AND 100GE NETWORKS CAN BE BUILT USING 10GE PATHS BY
USING PARALLEL TRANSMISSION. MULTIPLE 10GBPS PATHS ARE COMBINED
TO FORM A SINGLE LOGICAL LINK WITH A HIGHER DATA RATE.
19) THE NETWORK LINE RATE IS DIFFERENT FROM THE DATA RATE IN 40GE
AND 100GE NETWORKS BECAUSE OF THE OVERHEAD ASSOCIATED WITH
THE ENCODING AND FRAMING OF THE DATA. THIS OVERHEAD REDUCES THE
EFFECTIVE DATA RATE THAT CAN BE TRANSMITTED OVER THE NETWORK.
20) FALSE
21)
AN
ENHANCEMENT
TO
ETHERNET
THAT
PROVIDES
GREATER
RELIABILITY AND MANAGEMENT CAPABILITY IS CALLED SPANNING TREE
PROTOCOL (STP)
22) A DATA CENTER IS A FACILITY USED TO HOUSE COMPUTER SYSTEMS
AND ASSOCIATED COMPONENTS, SUCH AS TELECOMMUNICATIONS AND
STORAGE SYSTEMS
23) OTHER TYPES OF DEVICES AND COMPUTERS THAT CAN BE NETWORKED
INCLUDE PRINTERS, SCANNERS, AND SERVERS.
24) OTHER THAN TRANSMISSION SPEED, THREE KEY FACTORS THAT
INFLUENCE HOW FAST TWO NODES IN A LAN CAN COMMUNICATE ARE
NETWORK CONGESTION
LATENCY
PROTOCOL OVERHEAD
25) 1GBPS/10GBPS ETHERNET IS SLOWER WITH 8B/10B FEC BECAUSE FEC
ADDS EXTRA BITS TO THE DATA TO DETECT AND CORRECT ERRORS. THE
8B/10B
FEC
SCHEME
USED
IN
1GBPS/10GBPS
ETHERNET
ADDS
20%
OVERHEAD TO THE DATA BEING TRANSMITTED, REDUCING THE EFFECTIVE
DATA RATE TO 800MBPS/8GBPS RESPECTIVELY.
26) YES, 40GE AND 100GE CAN BE CARRIED OVER A SINGLE FIBER USING
WAVELENGTH DIVISION MULTIPLEXING (WDM) TECHNOLOGY.