S.No.
Contents
Page
01.
FLAMINGO (POETRY)
01–56
02.
FLAMINGO (PROSE)
57–148
03.
CBSE SAMPLE PAPER WITH SOLUTION_(2023-24)
149–172
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S.NO.
CONTENTS
PAGE
01.
FLAMINGO (POETRY)
01-56
Poem-1. My Mother at Sixty Six
05-12
Poem-2. Keeping Quiet
13-20
Poem-3. A Thing of Beauty
21-32
Poem-4. A Roadside Stand
33-48
Poem-5. Aunt Jennifer's Tigers
49-56
FLAMINGO (PROSE)
57-148
Chapter-1. The Last Lesson
57-68
Chapter-2. Lost Spring : Stories of Stolen Childhood
69-80
Chapter-3. Deep Water
81-88
Chapter-4. The Rattrap
89-100
Chapter-5. Indigo
101-114
Chapter-6. Poets and Pancakes
115-126
Chapter-7. The Interview
127-136
Chapter-8. Going Places
137-148
CBSE SAMPLE PAPER-CORE (301) with Solution 2023-24
149-172
02.
03.
INTERNAL ASSESSMENT (ASL)
20 Marks
Assessment of Listening Skills - 05 Marks
Assessment of Speaking Skills - 05 Marks
Project Work
- 10 marks
IMPORTANT NOTES
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ENGLISH CORE
CODE NO. 301
CLASS – XII
2023-24
Section A – 22 Marks, Reading Skills
I
Reading Comprehension through Unseen Passage
(12+10 = 22 Marks)
1.
One unseen passage to assess comprehension, interpretation, analysis and inference. Vocabulary
assessment will also be assessed via inference. The passage may be factual, descriptive or
literary.
(12 × 1 = 12 Marks)
2.
One unseen case-based factual passage with verbal/visual inputs like statistical data, charts etc. to
assess comprehension, interpretation, analysis, inference and evaluation.
(10 × 1 = 10 Marks)
Note:The combined word limit for both the passages will be 700-750 words.
Multiple Choice Questions / Objective Type Questions and Short Answer type Questions (to be
answered in 40-50 words) will be asked.
Section B – 18 Marks, Creative Writing Skills
II. Creative Writing Skills
18 Marks
3.
Notice, up to 50 words. One out of the two given questions to be answered.(4 Marks: Format: 1/
Content: 2/Accuracy of Spelling and Grammar: 1).
4.
Formal/Informal Invitation and Reply, up to 50 words. One out of the two given questions to
be answered. (4 Marks: Format: 1 / Content: 2 / Accuracy of Spelling and Grammar: 1).
5.
Letters based on verbal/visual input, to be answered in approximately 120-150 words. Letter
types include application for a job with bio data or resume. Letters to the editor (giving
suggestions or opinion on issues of public interest). One out of the two given questions to be
answered. (5 Marks: Format: 1 / Organisation of Ideas: 1/Content: 2/Accuracy of Spelling and
Grammar: 1).
6.
Article/ Report Writing, descriptive and analytical in nature, based on verbal inputs, to be
answered in 120-150 words. One out of the two given questions to be answered. (5 Marks:
Format: 1/Organisation of Ideas: 1/Content: 2/Accuracy of Spelling and Grammar: 1).
Section C – 40 Marks
Literature Text Book and Supplementary Reading Text
This section will have variety of assessment items including Multiple Choice Questions, Objective
Type Questions, Short Answer Type Questions and Long Answer Type Questions to assess
comprehension, interpretation, analysis, evaluation and extrapolation beyond the text.
7.
One Poetry extract out of two, from the book Flamingo, to assess comprehension, interpretation,
analysis, inference and appreciation.
(6 × 1 = 6 Marks)
8.
One Prose extract out of two, from the book Vistas, to assess comprehension, interpretation,
analysis, evaluation and appreciation.
(4 × 1 = 4 Marks)
9.
One prose extract out of two from the book Flamingo, to assess comprehension, interpretation,
analysis, inference and evaluation.
(6 × 1 = 6 Marks)
10.
Short answer type questions (from Prose and Poetry from the book Flamingo), to be answered
in 40-50 words each. Questions should elicit inferential responses through critical thinking. Five
questions out of the six given are to be answered.
(5 × 2 = 10 Marks)
11.
Short answer type questions, from Prose (Vistas), to be answered in 40-50 words each.
Questions should elicit inferential responses through critical thinking. Any two out of three
questions to be done.
(2 × 2 = 4 Marks)
12.
One Long answer type question, from Prose/Poetry (Flamingo), to be answered in 120-150
words. Questions can be based on incident / theme / passage / extract / event as reference points
to assess extrapolation beyond and across the text. The question will elicit analytical and
evaluative response from the student. Any one out of two questions to be done.
(1 × 5 = 5 Marks)
13.
One Long answer type question, based on the chapters from the book Vistas, to be answered in
120-150 words, to assess global comprehension and extrapolation beyond the text. Questions to
provide analytical and evaluative responses using incidents, events, themes, as reference points.
Any one out of two questions to be done.
(1 × 5 = 5 Marks)

SYLLABUS
ENGLISH CORE (CODE NO. 301)
CLASS XII (2023-24)
SECTION
(A)
READING COMPREHENSION (Two Passages)
(i) Unseen Passage
(Factual, descriptive or literary/discursive or persuasive)
(ii) Case Based Unseen
Factual Passage
(B)
CREATIVE WRITING SKILLS
Short Writing Tasks
(i) Notice Writing
(ii) Invitation and Reply
Long Writing Tasks
(i) Letter to Editor (giving suggestions or opinion of issues of public
interest) or Job Application.
(ii) Article Writing or Report Writing
(C)
LITERATURE
Literary-prose/poetry extracts (seen-texts) to assess
Comprehension and appreciation, analysis, inference, extrapolation
Question Based on Texts to assess
Comprehension and appreciation, analysis, inference, extrapolation
BOOK - [FLAMINGO-POETRY]
(i) My Mother at Sixty Six
(ii) Keeping Quiet
(iii) A Thing of Beauty
(iv) A Roadside Stand
(v) Aunt Jennifer's Tigers
BOOK - [FLAMINGO-PROSE]
(i) The Last Lesson
(ii) Lost Spring: Stories of Stolen Childhood
(iii) Deep Water
(iv) The Rattrap
(v) Indigo
(vi) Poets and Pancakes
(vii) The Interview
(viii) Going Places
BOOK – [VISTAS-PROSE]
(i) The Third level
(ii) The Tiger king
(iii) Journey to the end of the Earth
(iv) The Enemy
(v) On The Face of It
(vi) Memories of Childhood
ASL
TOTAL
MARKS
12
10
4
4
5
5
27
13
20
100
I

IMPORTANT NOTES
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II
node06\B0BC-BD\Kota\Board Material\English\Booklet\CBSE\Part_I\01_1 Section-C (Flamingo Poetry).docx
CBSE
SECTION - C
TEXTBOOKS: FLAMINGO
POETRY & PROSE
(27 Marks)
E
1
English
SOME LITERARY DEVICES
1.
Simile: In this figure of speech, two unlike things are compared using "like" or "as".
For example
2.
(a)
Our soldiers are as brave as lions.
(b)
Her cheeks are red like a rose
Metaphor: In this figure of speech two unlike things are compared without using "like" or "as". It is a
form of direct comparison.
For example
3.
(a)
He is a shining star.
(b)
The mountains are covered with white blanket.
Personification: In this figure of speech inanimate and abstract ideas are treated as living.
For example
4.
(a)
The wind howled in the night.
(b)
Lightening danced across the sky.
Hyperbole: It is a literary device which uses extreme exaggeration to make a point or emphasize.
For example
5.
(a)
My grandmother is as old as the hills.
(b)
I am so hungry that I can eat a horse.
Pun: A pun is a play on words that produces a humorous effect by using a word that suggests two or
more meanings or by exploiting similar sounding words that have different meanings.
6.
7.
2
(a)
Santa Claus' helpers are known as subordinate clauses.
(b)
The pianist had a good marriage. They always were in chord.
Repetition: It is literary device that repeats the same words or phrases a few times to make an idea
clearer and emphatic.
For example
(a) Smile and smile and smile
(b) Far, Far away
Alliteration: It is literary device in which a number of words, having the same first consonant sound,
occur close together in a series.
For example
(a) A big bully beats a baby boy.
(b) Lines of light
node06\B0BC-BD\Kota\Board Material\English\Booklet\CBSE\Part_I\01_1 Section-C (Flamingo Poetry).docx
For example
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CBSE
8.
Paradox: It is a literary device which is self-contradictory but includes a latent truth. It is also used to
illustrate an opinion or statement contrary to accepted traditional ideas.
For example
9.
(a)
I must be cruel to be kind.
(b)
The child is the father of the man.
Antithesis: It emphasizes the idea of contrast by parallel structure of contrasted phrases or clauses. The
structures of phrases or clauses are similar, in order to draw the attention of the listeners or readers.
For example
10.
(a)
Man proposes, God disposes.
(b)
Give every man thy ear, but few thy voice.
Oxymoron: It is a figure of speech in which two opposite ideas are joined to create an effect. A
common example of oxymoron is a noun preceded by an adjective with contrasting meanings.
For example
(a) Cruel kindness
(b) Living death
11.
Transferred Epithet: In this figure of speech an epithet is transferred from its proper word to another
that is closely associated with it in the sentence.
For example
12.
(a)
Sleepless night
(b)
Blind mouths.
Anaphora
Anaphora is the repetition of words or phrases in the beginning of a group of sentences, clauses, or
poetic lines.
node06\B0BC-BD\Kota\Board Material\English\Booklet\CBSE\Part_I\01_1 Section-C (Flamingo Poetry).docx
For example
E
13.
(a)
Cease from travel.
(b)
Cease from buying and selling.
(c)
Give up, just for now, on trying to make the world different than it is.
(d)
Do you swear to tell the truth, the whole truth, and nothing but the truth?
Anastrophe
Anastrophe is a figure of speech in which the normal word order of the subject, the verb, and the object
is changed. For example, subject–verb–object ("I like potatoes") might be changed to object–subject–
verb ("potatoes I like").
For example
(a)
“Leader I am,” stated the dictator using an anastrophe to emphasize his position in the country.
(b)
“Ask not what your country can do for you,” John F.
3
English
14.
Imagery
Imagery is a literary device used in poetry, novels, and other writing that uses vivid description that
appeals to a reader’ senses to create an image or idea in their head. Through language, imagery does not
only paint a picture, but aims to portray the sensational and emotional experience within text.
For example
15.
(a)
The autumn leaves are a blanket on the ground.
(b)
The kitten’s fur is milky.
Irony
Irony is an expression of meaning using language that normally signifies the opposite; often used for
humorous or sarcastic effect. In a nutshell, irony is the difference between appearance and reality.
For example
16.
(a)
He is my brilliant son who failed out of college.
(b)
How good of you to refuse to help us.
Synecdoche
Synecdoche is a figure of speech in which a part of something is used to refer the whole, or the whole is
used to refer to a part.
For example
The Crown gave the orders. (Crown refers to a king or queen)
(b)
He has many mouths to feed. (Mouths refers to people)
node06\B0BC-BD\Kota\Board Material\English\Booklet\CBSE\Part_I\01_1 Section-C (Flamingo Poetry).docx
(a)
4
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CBSE
FLAMINGO - POETRY
POEM—1
MY MOTHER AT SIXTY SIX
BY KAMALA DAS
Kamala Das (1934 – 2009) was born in Malabar, Kerala. She is recognised as one of India's foremost
poets. Her works are known for their originality, versatility and the indigenous flavour of the soil.
Kamala Das has published many novels and short stories in English and Malayalam under the name
'Madhavikutty' some of her works in English include the novel Alphabet of Lust (1977), a collection
of short stories Padmavati the Harlot and Other Stories (1992), in addition to five books of poetry. She
is a sensitive writer who captures the complex subtleties of human relationships in lyrical idiom, My
Mother at Sixty-six is an example.
Theme:- Ageing, love and concern for elderly people.
HIGHLIGHTS
node06\B0BC-BD\Kota\Board Material\English\Booklet\CBSE\Part_I\01_1 Section-C (Flamingo Poetry).docx
The poetess is driving from her parents’ home to Cochin airport by car, her mother by her side—
sleeping – open mouthed, very pale, colourless and frail-like a dead body(corpse), indicating that
her end is near.
The poetess looks at her mother and feels intense pain and agony realizing that soon death will
take her mother in her possession.
The poetess tries to divert her mind by looking outside at the young trees sprinting and happy
children bursting out of their homes in a playful mood (a contrasting image).
After the security check at the airport she looks again at her mother’s face — pale and cold.
Compares her mother’s face with “Late Winter’s Moon”
The poetess experiences “Familiar ache” –pain of separation from her mother, and her
“childhood fear”
The poetess reassures her mother that they will meet again, by saying “see you soon amma”.
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GLOSSARY
Corpse
-
Dead body, Carcass
Sprinting
-
Running, Fleeting
Doze
-
Drowse, Snooze
Wan
-
Weak, Pale
KEY LEARNINGS
1.
2.
Ageing is a natural process and every individual has to undergo it.
Separation from the dear ones is always agonizing.
5
English
3.
4.
The poet doesn't want to confront the inevitability of fate that was to dawn on her mother.
The whole poem in a single sentence, punctuated only by commas, indicates a single thread of
thought interspersed with observations of the real world around and the way these are connected
to the main idea.
5.
The poem expresses the pain of separation both literally and metaphorically.
6.
The contrast used in the poem helps the poet convey her mother's state and hers and concern for
her mother in a poignant manner.
N.B. – These points may prove helpful in framing your answers.
Q.1 Read the extract and answer the questions that follow“Driving from my parent’s
home to Cochin last Friday
morning, I saw my mother, beside me,
doze, open mouthed, her face
ashen like that of a corpse
and realised with pain
that she was as old as she looked
but soon put that thought away”
a)
Where is the poetess at present?
Ans. The poetess is on her way from her ancestral home to Cochin Airport, travelling by a car with her
aged mother dozing off beside her.
b) How does the poetess describe her mother?
Ans. The poetess describes her mother as old, pale, cold and senile. As she dozes off beside her, the
mother looks almost like a corpse, for her face is colourless and seems to have lost the colour and
vitality of life.
c)
Who does ‘she’ refer to in the last line? What thoughts has the poetess driven away?
Ans. ‘She’ here refers to the poetess, ‘Kamala Das’ mother. The poetess wants to put the haunting
thought of parting with her mother away.
Q.2 Read the extract and answer the questions that follow“but soon
put that thought away, and
looked out at Young
Trees sprinting, the merry children spilling
out of their homes”
a)
What thought did she try to drive away?
Ans. She tried to drive away the thought of her mother’s approaching death.
b) Why does the poetess start ’looking out’? What does her gesture suggest?
Ans. The poetess starts looking out of the window because she wants to drive away the pain and agony
that she has experienced on seeing her aged mother. She wants to drive away her helplessness in
the wake of her mother’s approaching death.
6
node06\B0BC-BD\Kota\Board Material\English\Booklet\CBSE\Part_I\01_1 Section-C (Flamingo Poetry).docx
COMPREHENSION BASED QUESTIONS
E
CBSE
c)
What did the poetess see from the window of the car?
Ans. The poetess saw young trees running past her car and merry children rushing out of their homes
to play.
d) What do the images of ‘young trees’ and ‘merry children’ symbolize?
Ans. Trees and children symbolize the spring of life, its strength, vigour and happiness which contrasts
with the lifelessness and helplessness that sets in with age.
Q.3 Read the extracts and answer the questions that follow“but after the airport’s
security check, standing a few yards
away, I looked again at her, wan, pale
as a late winter’s moon”
a)
Who is ‘I’ and why is she at the airport?
Ans. ‘I’ is the poetess Kamala Das here and the poetess is at the Cochin airport waiting to board the
plane.
b) Who does ‘her’ refer to? How does she look like?
Ans. ‘Her’ here refers to the poetess' aged mother. In her declining stage of health, the mother looks
pale, cold like a corpse and like a colourless, dull late winter’s moon.
c)
Why does the poetess ‘looks at her again’?
Ans. The poetess looks at her mother once again for the last time before she leaves to reassure herself
about the well-being of her mother. It is a look of reassurance to meet her again, or of anxiety and
fear that it might be her last meeting.
d) Explain: ’wan, pale as a late winter’s moon’.
Ans. In this simile, the poetess compares her mother’s pale and withered face to the late winter’s
moon. Winter symbolizes death and the waning moon symbolizes decay. Just like the winter
moon, covered and dimmed in fog and mist, loses its magnificence and brightness in winter, the
thick cover of the winter of old age has made the mother weak, pale, withered, inactive and
spiritless.
Q.4 Read the extract and answer the questions that follow-
node06\B0BC-BD\Kota\Board Material\English\Booklet\CBSE\Part_I\01_1 Section-C (Flamingo Poetry).docx
“and felt that old
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familiar ache, my childhood’s fear,
but all I said was, see you soon, Amma,
all I did was smile and smile and
smile......”
a)
What ‘familiar ache’ does the poetess feel?
Ans. The ‘familiar ache’ refers to the poetess’s fear of losing her mother and the realization that she
has not cared and cannot care for her ageing mother. It is an ache of helplessness. It is also a fear
of separation from the mother or the mother’s death.
b) What could have been the poetess’ childhood fears?
Ans. I think the poetess’ childhood fear was that she would lose her mother because death would
consume her mother one day or the other.
7
English
c)
Did the poetess share her thoughts with her mother?
Ans. The poetess did not share her fears and agony with her mother. She only bid good bye to her with
the hope to see her soon.
d)
Why do you think, the poetess did not share her thoughts with her mother?
Ans. I think the poetess did not share her thoughts with her mother because they were caused by her
fear of the unknown. Sharing them with the mother would have worried the frail old woman to
death.
e)
Why did the poetess only ‘smile’?
Ans. The poetess only smiled to hide her guilt, anxiety and fear of the unknown. Also, she wanted to
bid a cheerful farewell to her mother before boarding the flight, giving a hollow promise wrapped
in a artificial smile.
LITERARY DEVICES USED IN THE POEM
1.
2.
Simile
Her face ashen like
that of a corpse
Wan, pale as a late
winter's moon
Repetition
smile and smile and
smile
away….away
1.
2.
Imagery & Symbol /
Personification
1.
Young Trees sprinting
1.
2.
Assonance
1.
Metaphor
1.
Alliteration
see you soon Amma
my mother beside me.
Driving from parent's
home last Friday
Young Trees sprinting,
the merry children
spilling
(A) Driving from my parent's
home to Cochin last Friday
morning, I saw my mother,
beside me,
doze, open mouthed, her face
ashen like that
of a corpse and realized with pain
that she was as old as she
looked but soon
put that thought away…
(i)
8
Choose the option that best applies to the given extract.
(1) a conversation
(2) an argument
(3) a piece of advice
(5) a recollection
(6) a suggestion
(a) 1, 3 & 6
(b) 2, 4 & 5
(c) Only 5
(4) a strategy
(d) Only 1
node06\B0BC-BD\Kota\Board Material\English\Booklet\CBSE\Part_I\01_1 Section-C (Flamingo Poetry).docx
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS BASED ON EXTRACTS
E
CBSE
Choose the book title that perfectly describes the condition of the poet's mother.
Title 1 : You're Only Old Once!
by Dr. Seuss
Title 2 : The Gift of Years
by Joan Chittister
Title 3 : Somewhere Towards the End
by Diana Athill
Title 4 : The Book You Wish Your Parents Had Read
by Philippa Perry
(a) Title 1
(b) Title 2
(c) Title 3
(d) Title 4
(iii) Choose the option that applies correctly to the two statements given below.
Assertion: The poet wards off the thought of her mother getting old quickly.
Reason: The poet didn't want to confront the inevitability of fate that was to dawn upon her
mother.
(a) Assertion can be inferred but the Reason cannot be inferred.
(b) Assertion cannot be inferred but the Reason can be inferred.
(c) Both Assertion and Reason can be inferred.
(d) Both Assertion and Reason cannot be inferred.
(iv) Choose the option that displays the same literary device as in the given lines of the extract.
her face
ashen like that
of a corpse…
(a) Just as I had this thought, she appeared and…
(b) My thoughts were as heavy as lead that evening when …
(c) I think like everyone else who…
(d) I like to think aloud when …
node06\B0BC-BD\Kota\Board Material\English\Booklet\CBSE\Part_I\01_1 Section-C (Flamingo Poetry).docx
(ii)
E
(B)
And
looked out at Young
Trees sprinting, the merry children spilling
out of their homes, but after the airport's
security check, standing a few yards
away, I looked again at her, wan, pale
as a late winter's moon and felt that old
familiar ache…
(i)
What is the most likely reason the poet capitalised 'Young Trees'?
This was to
(a) convey a clearer meaning.
(b) highlight the adj.-noun combination.
(c) enhance the contrast.
(d) draw a connection with the title.
Choose the option that appropriately describes the relationship between the two statements
given below.
Statement 1: The poet knows her mother has aged.
Statement 2: The poet feels the pain of separation.
(a) Beginning - Ending
(b) Cause - Effect
(c) Question - Answer
(d) Introduction - Conclusion
(ii)
9
English
(iii) Choose the option that completes the sentence given below.
Just as the brightness of the winter's moon is veiled behind the haze and mist, similarly,
_________________.
(a) the pain of separation has shaded mother's expression.
(b) age has fogged mother's youthful appearance.
(c) growing up has developed a seasoned maturity in the poet.
(d) memories warm the heart like the pale moon in winter.
(iv) Choose the correct option out of the ones given below.
Simile
the merry children
spilling
Metaphor
pale as a late
winter's moon
Metaphor
old familiar
ache
(1)
Imagery
all I did was smile
(a) Option 1
Personification
the merry children
spilling
(3)
(b) Option 2
Imagery
Young Trees
sprinting
(2)
Personification
Young Trees
sprinting
Simile
pale as late
winter's moon
(3)
(c) Option 3
(d) Option 4
ANSWERS
(A) (i)-(c),
(B) (i)-(c),
(ii)-(c),
(ii)-(b),
(iii)-(c),
(iii)-(b),
(iv)-(b)
(iv)-(d)
NCERT QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Think it out
Q.1 What is the kind of pain and ache that the poetess feels? (Pg.91)
Q.2 Why does the poetess draw the image of sprinting trees and merry children? (Pg.91)
Ans. Sprinting trees and merry children bursting out from the doors suggest fresh life and warm
energy, vitality, youthfulness, spirit etc. The poetess draws this image to strike a scene of contrast
with the pale, dull and withered face of the mother at the declining stage of her health.
Q.3 Why have the trees been described as sprinting? (Pg.91)
Ans. The poetess is driving a car along with her mother. Her movement has created the visionary,
illusion of the trees sprinting past. It also denotes fast pace of time.
Q.4 Why has the mother been compared to the late winter’s moon? (Pg.91)
Ans. The late winter’s moon lacks lustre. The mothers face is pale and withered. Moreover, the late
winter moon suggests the end of season and mother too is nearing the end of her life, therefore
the poetess compares her mother’s face with the late winter’s moon.
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Ans. When the poetess looks at her mother’s face she finds that it has become pale and withered. She
realizes that her mother is at the edge of her life and her end is near. The thought of permanent
separation from her mother causes unbearable pain and ache in the poetess’s heart.
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CBSE
Q.5 What do the parting words of the poetess and her smile signify? (Pg.91)
Ans. The parting words of the poetess reflect the poetess’s pain, frustration, guilt and helplessness. But
she wears a smile on her face to mask her pain and to give hope, happiness and reassurance to her
mother.
EXTRA QUESTIONS
Q.1 What does the poetess do to shrug off the painful thought of her mother’s approaching
end?
Ans. To get rid of the painful thought of her mother‘s nearing end ,the poetess shifts her attention from
her mother’s pale face to the sprinting trees and the happy children spilling out of their house.
Q.2 What is the ‘familiar ache’?
Ans. The fear of losing her mother has tortured the poetess from her very childhood because she has
been intimately bound with her. Therefore, this ache is familiar to her.
LONG ANSWER QUESTION
Q.1 Ageing is a natural process; have you ever thought what our elderly parents expect from
us?
Ans. Ageing is a natural process. When the person becomes old he gets weak, he needs support both
emotional and physical. Thus, it becomes our duty to provide our old parents the love, emotional
support and respect they deserve. Our parents usually give us their best period of life to bring us
up. Therefore it becomes our moral duty to reciprocate the same when they become old.
But unfortunately, due to rank materialism and nuclear family system the old people are treated
as an unnecessary commodity. They are harassed and sometimes even beaten up. Many a time
the old people are sent to old age homes, where they lack emotional support which the family can
provide. It is very shameful for the younger generation. Our parents do not deserve such shabby
treatment in their old age.
EXTRACT BASED QUESTIONS
Driving from my parent's
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home to Cochin last Friday morning,
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I saw my mother, beside me,
doze, open mouthed, her face ashen like that
of a corpse and realised with pain
that she was as old as she looked but soon
put that thought away,
and looked out at Young Trees sprinting,
the merry children spilling out of their homes,
but after the airport's security check,
standing a few yards away.
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English
1.
The poet was leaving the house of
(A) her aunt
2.
(D) her nephew
(B) Mumbai
(C) Cochin airport
(D) Kerala
(C) airport
(D) metro-station
(C) crying
(D) dozing off
The poet was driving towards the
(A) bus stand
4.
(C) her in laws
She was going to
(A) Goa
3.
(B) her mother
(B) railway station
The mother of the poetess is
(A) smiling
Ans. 1. B 2. C
(B) laughing
3. C
4. D
QUESTIONS FOR PRACTICE
1.
What did the poet notice about her mother?
2.
Why did the poet look again at the ageing face of her mother at the airport?
3.
How did the poet’s childhood fear haunt her?
4.
Why did the poet hide her thoughts of fear from her mother?
5.
What is the significance of ‘young trees’ and ‘merry children’ in the poem?
6.
The pain of separation is expressed both literally and metaphorically in this poem.
Elucidate.
7.
Comment on the tone of the poem with references to “My Mother at Sixty-Six”.
8.
Imagine the mother gets to know of the poet personal fears. Write a letter, as the mother,
telling the daughter why she must not dwell on these fears.
You may begin this way:
Pallipuram
Cochin, Kerala
My dear Kamala
I am writing to you because when you left me at the airport, I felt something wasn’t right. Judging by how
little you spoke that day ………………………………………(continue)…………………………………
With love
Amma
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22 August ‘60
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CBSE
POEM-2
KEEPING QUIET
BY PABLO NERUDA
Pablo Neruda (1904 – 1973) is the pen name of Neftali Ricardo Reyes Basoalto who was born in the
town of Parral in Chile. Neruda's poems are full of easily understood images which make them no less
beautiful. He won the Nobel Prize for Literature in the year 1971.
Theme :- Necessity of quiet introspection and feeling of mutual understanding among human beings.
HIGHLIGHTS
The poet talks about the need of silence, quiet introspection and importance of calmness. He also
talks about creating a feeling of mutual understanding among human beings.
The poet asks us to keep still and count up to twelve. He also asks us to sit still. For a moment we
should not speak any language. We should not move our arms so much.
It will be a moment of complete silence without rush or worry. This would be an exotic moment.
Then a sudden strangeness will prevail which we all will enjoy. It will be bliss.
The fisherman would not harm the whales on the cold sea. Even the man gathering salt would
stop working and look at his hurt hands and reflect at the pain and harm his strenuous task has
caused him.
All kinds of wars must be stopped at once whether wars against the environment or wars with
poisonous gases and firearms.
People, who all the time prepare for wars, leave no survivors behind. On introspection, they will
walk around with their brothers strengthening the message of peace and brotherhood.
At the same time the poet cautions us not to confuse stillness with total inactivity. Life is an ongoing process and should not be associated with death. It is to be lived with positive attitude.
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He does not want us to ruminate over death.
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But he feels that if for once we do not focus ourselves single-mindedly to keep our lives moving
but do some introspection or spend some time in silence doing nothing, we can understand
ourselves better and overcome the threat of death.
The earth can teach us that there can be activity even in apparent stillness.
In the same manner quiet introspection can bring all evil thoughts to an end and bring in a new
life of peace and tranquillity.
Finally, preparing us for the moment of introspection, the poet leaves us to inspire others.
GLOSSARY
Truck
-
Association, Deal
Exotic
-
Unusual, Excitingly strange
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English
KEY LEARNINGS
1.
2.
3.
The poem calls for a change as much in the individual as human society at large.
It highlights the role of language in dividing people into fragments.
It is due to the frenetic activity and chaos that envelops human life that man is unable to
appreciate the importance of quite introspection.
4.
Mutual understanding makes the world a healthy and happy space.
5.
Quiet introspection helps us understand ourselves better and provides solutions to all the
problems of the world.
6.
The earth teaches us that there can be activity even in apparent stillness.
N.B. – These points may prove helpful in framing your answers.
LITERARY DEVICES USED IN THE POEM
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Alliteration
sudden strangeness
hurt hands
clean clothes
we will
we would
wars with
1.
2.
1.
1.
2.
Repetition
wars, wars with gas,
wars with fire
without rush, without
engine.
Pun
arms-stands for hands
and weapons
Metaphor
clean clothes
in the shade (refers to
protection)
1.
1.
Anaphora
let's not speak in any
language
let's stop for one
second
Personification
the Earth can teach us
Q.1 Read the extract and answer the questions that follow“Now we will count to twelve
and we will all keep still.
For once on the face of the Earth
let’s not speak in any language,
let’s stop for one second,
and not move our arms so much.”
a)
What do you understand by counting to twelve?
Ans. Counting to twelve denotes twelve hours in a clock. There are twelve hour in a clock and at
twelve all three needles of the clock meet at the same point. It shows unity. There are twelve
zodiac signs in the world. In which the people of the world come together. It also shows unity,
peace and fraternity.
b) Why does poet prohibit us to speak in any language?
Ans. Speaking creates ruckus, we don’t need any language for introspection; moreover, we divide
people in the name of languages.
c)
What do ‘arms’ refer to?
Ans. ‘Arms’ could refer to weapons that we have been using incessantly to destroy humanity. It could
also be used to show unceasing activities of man in the modern world like machines.
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COMPREHENSION BASED QUESTIONS
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CBSE
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Q.2 Read the extract and answer the questions that follow“Fishermen in the cold sea
would not harm whales
and the man gathering salt
would look at his hurt hands.”
a)
What do ‘Fisherman’ and ‘whales’ signify?
Ans. The fisherman symbolizes man’s indiscriminate exploitation of nature and humanity for his
vested interests whereas ‘whales’ could signify nature or exploited class.
b) What has happened to the man gathering salt? What must he do?
Ans. The man gathering salt has injured his hands. He must take care of his hurt hands and should
realize that his actions are self-destructive.
Q.3 Read the extract and answer the questions that follow“Those who prepare green wars,
wars with gas, wars with fire,
victory with no survivors,
would put on clean clothes
and walk about with their brothers
in the shade, doing nothing.”
a)
What do green wars signify?
Ans. Relentless exploitation of the nature is a self-destructive war that man has waged against Mother
Nature.
b) Why does poet ask warmongers to put on clean clothes?
Ans. The poet urges warmongers to put on clean cloths i.e. to put aside all their selfish motives and illwill for a while so that they can reflect on their deeds which may lead them to a better tomorrow,
peace, co-existence, mutual understanding and harmony.
Q.4 Read the extract and answer the questions that follow“I want no truck with death.
If we were not so single-minded
about keeping our lives moving,
and for once could do nothing,
perhaps a huge silence
might interrupt this sadness
of never understanding ourselves
and of threatening ourselves with death.
Perhaps the Earth can teach us
as when everything seems dead
and later proves to be alive.”
a)
Explain, ‘no truck with death’
Ans. Poet doesn’t want us to misconstrue his advocacy of silence to death. He advocates life and
wishes that we should create perfect harmony with it by means of introspection and meditation.
b) What is the ‘sadness’ that the poet refers to in the poem?
Ans. The poet refers to the ‘sadness’ which arises due to the fact that people fail to understand
themselves. They have no time to think about the consequences of their actions.
c)
What does earth teach us?
Ans. The Earth can teach us how new life emerges from the ashes of the dead remains. Likewise quiet
introspection will enable us to live a life of peace and harmony.
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English
(A) For once on the face of the Earth
let's not speak in any language,
let's stop for one second,
and not move our arms so much.
It would be an exotic moment
without rush, without engines,
we would all be together
in a sudden strangeness.
(i) The poet uses the word "let's" to _______
(a) initiate a conversation between the poet and the readers.
(b) invite readers as part of the poem's larger call to humanity.
(c) welcome readers into the world of the poem and its subject.
(d) address readers as fellow members of the human race.
(ii) Margaret Atwood said, "Language divides us into fragments, I wanted to be whole."
Choose the option that correctly comments on the relationship between Margaret Atwood's words
and the line from the above extract - "let's not speak in any language"
(a) Atwood endorses Neruda's call to not speak in any language.
(b) Atwood justifies Neruda's request to not engage in any speaking.
(c) Atwood undermines Neruda's intent to stop and not speak in any language.
(d) Atwood surrenders to Neruda's desire for silence and not speak in any language.
(iii) Why do you think the poet employs words like "exotic" and "strangeness"?
(a) To highlight the importance of everyone being together suddenly for once.
(b) To emphasize the frenetic activity and chaos that usually envelops human life.
(c) To indicate the unfamiliarity of a sudden moment without rush or without engine.
(d) To direct us towards keeping quiet and how we would all be together in that silence.
(iv) Choose the option that correctly matches the idioms given in Column A with their
meanings in Column B.
Column A
Column B
1. On the face of the earth
(i) In existence
2. What on earth
(ii) To do all possible to accomplish something
3. Move heaven and earth
(iii) To express surprise or shock
4. The salt of the earth
(iv) To be good and worthy
(a) 1 - (i); 2 - (iv); 3 - (iii); 4 - (ii)
(b) 1 - (i); 2 - (iii); 3 - (ii); 4 - (iv)
(c) 1 - (ii); 2 - (i); 3 - (iv); 4 - (iii)
(d) 1 - (iv); 2 - (ii); 3 - (iii); 4 - (i)
(B)
16
If we were not so single-minded
about keeping our lives moving,
and for once could do nothing,
perhaps a huge silence
might interrupt this sadness
of never understanding ourselves
and of threatening ourselves with
death.
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MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS BASED ON EXTRACTS
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CBSE
(i)
Look at the images given below. Choose the image to which the above extract can be seen as
an appropriate response.
(a) Option (i)
(b) Option (ii)
(c) Option (iii)
(d) Option (iv)
(ii) What do you think is the mood of the poet in the above extract?
(a) gloomy, cynical
(b) reflective, inspired
(c) introspective, aware
(d) critical, demotivated
(iii) Pick the option that DOES NOT complete the given sentence suitably, as per the extract.
Threatening ourselves with death __________
(a) feeds on the fear of death.
(b) challenges finiteness of life.
(c) keeps us rushing through life.
(d) makes us restless and impatient.
(iv) What might the "huge silence" signify?
(a) melancholy
(b) understanding
(c) discomfort
(d) flexibility
ANSWERS
(A) (i)-(b); (ii)-(a); (iii)-(b); (iv)-(b)
(B) (i)-(d); (ii)-(c); (iii)-(b); (iv)-(b)
NCERT QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
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Think it out
Q.1 What will counting upto twelve and keeping still help us to achieve? (Pg. 96)
Ans. Counting upto twelve would help us to put a brake on the rush and humdrum of life. It would
help us to introspect and experience, silence and peace. In that moment of silence, we could find
a solution to all our problems and predicaments.
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Q.2 Do you think that the poet advocates total inactivity and death? (Pg. 96)
Ans. The poet does not advocate total inactivity and death. In fact he wants to live life fully and
boldly. But by advocating quietness, he wants us to have a mixture of physical and spiritual
aspect of life.
Q.3 What is the sadness that the poet refers to in the poem 'Keeping Quiet'? (Pg. 96)
Ans. The poet refers to the sadness which surrounds man due to not having any time for himself, the
pain of not understanding what he or his fellow human beings want. He has no time for
introspection; as a result, he is unable to analyse his own actions and understand its
consequences.
Q.4 What symbol from the nature does the poet invoke to say that there is life under the
apparent stillness? (Pg. 96)
Ans. The poet does not want to equate stillness with total inactivity. Under the apparent stillness there
is life. We can learn it from the earth when everything seems dead, the earth still remains alive.
The life on earth goes on under the apparent stillness.
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English
EXTRA QUESTIONS
Q.1 Why does Pablo Neruda urge us to keep still?
Ans. Stillness is necessary for reflection and quiet introspection. We can hear the voice of our
conscience and thus withdraw ourselves from undesirable actions and contribute to create a
society of peace and mutual understanding.
Q.2 ‘Under the apparent stillness there is life’. Justify.
Ans. Under the apparent stillness there is life, we can learn it from the earth. During winter season, the
earth under snow looks dead, with no activity or growth. But when the spring comes and snow
melts away, seeds sprout and grass grows; all activities of life start again.
Q.3 Why do men become sad? How can this sadness be overcome?
Ans. Men fail to understand themselves and become sad. They always threaten themselves with death.
A long meditative silence might interrupt this sadness and make them feel good.
Q.4 Which is the exotic moment that the poet refers to in ‘Keeping Quiet’?
Ans. The poet refers to the moment of stillness and quietness as an exotic moment. It would be an
exotic moment; as such tranquillity will initiate peace and brotherhood. There would be no
movement, no talk, no activity and consequently, no violence.
Q.5 How, according to Neruda, can keeping quiet change our attitude to life?
Ans. Keeping quiet and suspending all our activities for a brief moment will give us time to introspect
and analyse our own actions. We will develop a new understanding of our surroundings and thus
change our attitude to life. We will check our destructive ways and try to be more positive and
constructive.
Q.6 How can suspension of activities help?
Ans. The poet believes that suspension of activities will allow man to introspect, which can help them
in analysing their own actions, and in solving many of their problems based on caste, religion or
nationality. It will help them develop a new understanding of their surroundings, and thus make
them mend their destructive ways.
Now we will count to twelve
and we will all keep still.
For once on the face of the Earth
let's not speak in any language,
let's stop for one second,
and not move our arms so much.
It would be an exotic moment
without rush, without engines,
we would all be together
in a sudden strangeness.
18
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EXTRACT BASED QUESTIONS
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CBSE
1.
2.
3.
4.
What does counting up to 12 signify and how will it help?
(A) hours of the day
(B) months of a year
(C) it will help to create peace and harmony (D) all
What does the poet feel is needed to be at peace?
(A) meeting with people
(B) talking with people
(C) interaction with the people
(D) Soul searching
What does number 12 represent?
(A) hours of the day and months of a year
(B) earth
(C) clock
(D) cricket players
How long is the poet expecting everyone to stay still?
(A) for 10 minutes
(B) for 12 minutes
(C) for 15 minutes
(D) till we count 12
Ans. 1.D
2.D 3.A 4.D
Those who prepare green wars,
wars with gas, wars with fire,
victory with no survivors,
would put on clean clothes
and walk about with their brothers
in the shade, doing nothing.
What I want should not be confused
with total inactivity.
1.
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2.
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3.
Which of these uses the same poetic device as used in the third extract?
(A) The boy ran at lightning speed.
(B) The little joys of life are necessary.
(C) The absence of his presence was felt.
(D) The hooter buzzed when the shooter shot.
From the extract, identify the line or phrase that suggests the following:
Humans are involved in the exploitation of natural resources._
Based on the extract, which of these best describes the poet?
(i) prudent
(ii) spiritual
(iii) visionary
(iv) methodical
(A) (i) and (ii)
(B) (i) and (iii)
(C) (ii) and (iv)
(D) (ii), (iii) and (iv)
19
English
4.
5.
6.
Complete the sentence appropriately in no more than TWO words.
When the poet says that people who participate in wars 'would put on clean clothes' he means
that they should ___________.
Based on the extract, select the correct option with reference to (1) and (2).
(1) Not every win is a triumph.
(2) Self-reflection is crucial to evolution.
(A) (1) is the result of (2)
(B) Both (1) and (2) are true
(C) Both (1) and (2) are false
(D) (1) is a hypothesis based on (2)
Which of these is an appropriate title for the extract?
(A) Standing in Solitude
(B) Looking for Prosperity
(C) The Desire for Renewal
(D) The Road to Uncertainty
Ans.
1.C
2.Those who prepare green wars/green wars
3.B
4.start afresh /become non-violent / adopt peace
(Accept any other similar response)
5.B
6.C
1.
What does the poet desire in the poem?
2.
What is the symbolic importance of ‘total inactivity’?
3.
How can you achieve ‘exotic moment’ mentioned in the poem?
4.
Explain: ‘you keep quiet and I will go’.
5.
What are the various types of wars mentioned in the poem? What is the result of these
wars?
6.
In a world that is constantly running after ‘more’ chasing the next new thing, would it be
fair to think of Neruda’s call as merely a fanciful idea?
20
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QUESTIONS FOR PRACTICE
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CBSE
POEM-3
A THING OF BEAUTY
BY JOHN KEATS
John Keats (1795 – 1821) was a British Romantic poet. Although trained to be surgeon. Keats decided
to devote himself wholly to poetry. Keats secret, his power to sway and delight the readers, lies
primarily in his gift for perceiving the world and living his moods and aspirations in terms of language.
The following is an excerpt from his poem 'Endymion ; A Poetic Romance The poem is based on a
Greek legend, in which Endymion, a beautiful young shepherd and poet who lived on Mount Latmos,
had a vision of Cynthia, the Moon Goddess. The enchanted youth resolved to seek her out and so
wandered away through the forest and down under the sea.
Theme:- Truth is beauty, beauty is truth.
HIGHLIGHTS
The Poet, John Keats says that beautiful things never become ‘nothing’ as they continue to hold
us in their spell and soothe our soul.
Every beautiful thing is like a band that ties us to this earth as it makes us want to live and enjoy
these things of beauty.
And these things of beauty, according to the poet, are the things that give hope to human beings
and make them want to live, in spite of all the sorrow, ill-health and unpleasant experiences that
we face on earth.
Some of the beautiful things on this earth that have great effect on us are - the sun, the moon,
trees, streams, flowers, forests, beautiful monuments that we have erected for the dead, all the
lovely tales that we have heard or read.
Finally he compares all these beautiful things to the eternal fountain of immortal drink given to
us by Gods. Thus he states his firm belief in the Divine.
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GLOSSARY
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Nothingness
Bower
Morrow
Wreathing
Despondence
Dearth
Gloomy
Pall
Sprouting
Boon
Daffodils
Rills
-
Of no value
Orchard, Garden
The following day, Morning
Weaving into a wreath
Disappointment
Lack
Sad
Cover
Spreading, Producing
Blessing
A flower
Small streams
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English
Covert
Musk-rose
Grandeur
Dooms
Immortal
Brink
-
Covered
A Mediterranean rose
Splendor
Death, Dooms day
Timeless, Not subject to death
Edge, Border
KEY LEARNINGS
1.
The earth without the beautiful things is a place full of despair and unpleasantness.
2.
Beauty cannot be confined.
3.
Everything and anything is beautiful as beauty is a relative phenomenon.
4.
Beauty is essential for human beings life without beauty is dull and monotonous.
5.
Beauty can never cease to exist.
N.B. – These points may prove helpful in framing your answers.
LITERARY DEVICES USED IN THE POEM
1.
2.
3.
4.
Metaphor
A bower quiet for us
endless fountain
A flowery band
pall- a cloth covering
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Alliteration
noble nature
cooling covert
noble natures
band to bind
despondence….dearth
such the sun
1.
1.
Antithesis
Trees old and young
Anaphora
Of noble nature…
Of all unhealthy…
Q.1 Read the extract and answer the questions that follow“A thing of beauty is a joy forever
Its loveliness increases, it will never
Pass into nothingness; but will keep
A bower quiet for us, and a sleep
Full of sweet dreams, and health, and quiet breathing.
Therefore, on every morrow, are we wreathing
A flowery band to bind us to the earth”
a)
Explain, ‘a thing of beauty is a joy forever’.
Ans. Beautiful things lead everlasting impression on our heart and mind, they keep on guiding us
through thick and thin of life and make our life blissful, so they are forever joy giving.
b) Is ‘a thing of beauty’ short-lived?
Ans. ‘A thing of beauty’ never passes into nothingness due to its eternal impression. It brings health,
wealth and happiness to our life.
c)
What binds us to the earth?
Ans. Every morning we make a garland of new hopes, aspirations, dreams and ambitions, so we feel
more attached to this world.
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COMPREHENSION BASED QUESTIONS
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CBSE
Q.2 Read the extract and answer the questions that follow“Spite of despondence, of the inhuman dearth
Of noble natures, of the gloomy days,
Of all the unhealthy and o’er-darkened ways
Made for our searching: yes, in spite of all,
Some shape of beauty moves away the pall
From our dark spirits. Such the sun, the moon”
a)
What does ‘in spite of all…’ refer to?
Ans. In spite of the sense of hopelessness and gloom that overshadow and darken our way, we are able
to find our happiness in the beautiful objects of nature. The expression refers to our zeal against
all the pessimistic and negative thoughts that obstruct our way to happiness.
b) What, according to the poet, drives away the sadness from our life?
Ans. Beauty in all shape and forms help in driving away the sadness and despair from the dark
recesses of our spirit.
c)
Explain phrase ‘dark spirits’.
Ans. ‘Dark spirits’ represents our sins and selfish deeds which darken our inner-self but beautiful
objects in the nature have power to elevate our soul and purify it.
Q.3 Read the extract and answer the questions that follow“Trees old, and young, sprouting a shady boon
For simple sheep; and such are daffodils
With the green world they live in; and clear rills
That for themselves a cooling covert make
‘Gainst the hot season; the mid forest brake,
Rich with a sprinkling of fair musk-rose blooms;”
a)
What does the reference ‘simple sheep’ symbolize?
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Ans. Lambs and sheep are envisioned as the embodiments of innocent and serene beauty. Jesus Christ,
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as an apostle of peace, was a shepherd and was seen surrounded by his flock of sheep, his
followers. The poet has made specific reference to the sheep as symbols of ‘divine beauty’.
b)
Which literary device dominates above stanza?
Ans. John Keats uses Alliteration predominantly in the above stanza.
c)
Why does poet call ‘clear rills’ beautiful?
Ans. Clear rills make a cooling covert where one can save oneself from scorching heat and quench
one’s thirst. Rills help living being without selfish motive and discrimination, hence they are
called beautiful.
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English
Q.4 Read the extract and answer the questions that follow“And such too is the grandeur of the dooms
We have imagined for the mighty dead;
All lovely tales that we have heard or read;
An endless fountain of immortal drink,
Pouring unto us from the heaven’s brink”.
Q.5 Read the extract and answer the questions that followTherefore, on every morrow, are we wreathing
A flowery band to bind us to the earth,
Spite of despondence, of the inhuman dearth
Of noble natures, of the gloomy days,
Of all the unhealthy and o’er-darkened ways
Made for our searching: yes, in spite of all,
(i) Name the poem and the poet.
(ii) Why are we despondent?
(iii) What removes the pall from our dark spirits?
(iv) What are we doing every day?
Answers:
(i) The poem is 'A Thing of Beauty'. The poet is John Keats.
(ii) We possess the evil qualities of malice and disappointment. We suffer from the lack of
noble qualities. That is why we feel despondent.
(iii) Some beautiful shapes or a thing of beauty removes the pall of sadness from our hearts or
spirits.
(iv) We are weaving a flowery wreath to bind us to the beauties of the earth.
Q.6 Read the extract and answer the questions that followA thing of beauty is a joy forever
Its loveliness increases, it will never
Pass into nothingness; but will keep
A bower quiet for us, and a sleep
Full of sweet dreams, and health, and quiet breathing.
(i) What do you understand by a ‘bower’?
(ii) What kind of sleep does it provide?
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a)
Who are mighty dead?
Ans. Our brave ancestors who have laid their lives for the betterment of mankind and set the examples
for the coming generations to follow are ‘mighty dead’.
b) What is immortal drink?
Ans. The knowledge, inspiration or the guidance that we receive from the stories that we have heard or
read is the nectar which makes those immortal who imbibe it.
c)
What is the significance of the phrase ‘heaven’s brink’?
Ans. Literally, it means edge of the heaven but here it suggests that our mighty ancestors are still
guiding and blessing us from the edge of the heaven through their teachings and inspiring deeds.
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CBSE
Answers:
(i) A bower is a pleasant place in the shade under a tree. It protects persons/animals from the hot
rays of the sun.
(ii) It provides us a sound sleep, full of sweet dreams, health and peaceful breathing.
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Q.7 Read the extract and answer the questions that followSome shape of beauty moves away the pall
From our dark spirits. Such the sun, the moon,
Trees old, and young, sprouting a shady boon
For simple sheep; and such are daffodils
With the green world they live in; and clear rills
That for themselves a cooling covert make
‘Gainst the hot season; the mid forest brake,
Rich with a sprinkling of fair musk-rose blooms;
Questions
(i) What removes the pall from our dark spirits?
(ii) What sprouts a shady boon for sheep and how?
(iii) How do ‘daffodils’ and ‘rills’ enrich the environment?
(iv) What makes the mid-forest brake rich?
Answers:
(i) Some beautiful shape or a thing of beauty removes the pall of sadness from our hearts or
spirits.
(ii) Old and young trees sprout a shady boon for a simple sheep by sprawling & spreading their
branches and providing shade to all the beings in an indiscriminate manner.
(iii) Daffodils bloom among the green surroundings. The rills or small streams of clear water
make a cooling shelter for themselves against the hot season.
(iv) The mid forest brake is made rich by the blooming of beautiful and fragrant musk-roses.
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Q.8 Read the extract and answer the questions that followAnd such too is the grandeur of the dooms
We have imagined for the mighty dead;
All lovely tales that we have heard or read;
An endless fountain of immortal drink,
Pouring unto us from the heaven’s brink
Questions
(i) Explain: ‘the grandeur of the dooms’.
(ii) What is the thing of beauty mentioned in these lines’?
(iii) What image does the poet use in these lines?
Answers:
(i) It says that even death can be beautiful if it is for some noble cause and if it can inspire
millions.
(ii) In these lines, the poet talks of the beauty associated with the death of great people who
continue to inspire masses. Also, all the fables and parables that we come across, infuse our
life with incessant joy.
(iii) The poet uses the image of ‘an endless fountain of immortal drink’ to describe the beautiful
bounty of the earth. The earth has bestowed us with flowers, rivers, greenery etc.
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English
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS BASED ON EXTRACTS
(A) Therefore, on every morrow, are we wreathing
A flowery band to bind us to the earth,
Spite of despondence, of the inhuman dearth
Of noble natures, of the gloomy days,
Of all the unhealthy and o’er darkened ways
Made for our searching: yes, in spite of all,
Some shape of beauty moves away the pall
From our dark spirits.
(i)
In which of the following options can the underlined words be replaced with
‘despondence’?
(a) The man paced about the room showing restlessness.
(b) A chat with a close friend can take away our blues.
(c) I was in jitters, seeing the boy trapped in the trench,
(d) Being dogged is what led him to negotiate the challenges.
(ii)
Pick the option that is NOT an example of ‘unhealthy and o’er darkened ways.’
(a) A person who is egoistic and looks down upon others.
(b) A person who seeks God’s help for all his problems.
(c) A person who uses evil ways to deceive others.
(d) A person who is corrupt and manipulative.
(iii) Pick the option that enumerates what ‘noble natures’ would include.
1. selflessness
2. insensitivity
3. enthusiasm
4. aggression
5. meticulousness
(a) 1, 4 and 5
(b) 2, 3 and 6
(c) 2, 4 and 5
(d) 1, 3 and 6
(iv) Based on the poem, choose the correct option with reference to the two statements given
below.
Statement 1: The earth without the beautiful things is a place full of despair and
unpleasantness.
Statement 2: The ornate band created by human beings; ushers hope in their lives.
(a) Statement 1 is true but Statement 2 is false.
(b) Statement 1 is false but Statement 2 is true.
(c) Both Statement 1 and Statement 2 can be inferred.
(d) Both Statement 1 and Statement 2 cannot be inferred.
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6. judiciousness
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CBSE
(B)
Rich with a sprinkling of fair musk-rose blooms;
And such too is the grandeur of the dooms
We have imagined for the mighty dead;
All lovely tales that we have heard or read;
An endless fountain of immortal drink,
Pouring unto us from the heaven’s brink.
(i)
Pick the quote that matches best with—
‘And such too is the grandeur of the dooms we have imagined for the mighty dead.’
(a) In the night of death, hope sees a star, and listening love can hear the rustle of a wing.
(b) When a great man dies, for years the light he leaves behind him, lies on the paths of men.
(c) Endings are not always bad, most times they’re just beginnings in disguise.
(d) Cowards die many times before their death; the valiant never taste of death but once.
(ii)
Pick the option that refers to what ‘an endless fountain of immortal drink’ suggests.
1. inspirational deeds of great men
2. a ceaseless series of dreams
3. an infinite source of strength
4. an elixir of life for upliftment of the soul
5. an eternal source of delight
6. a boundless gift of love
(a) 1, 4 and 5
(b) 2, 3 and 5
(c) 1, 2 and 6
(d) 2, 4 and 6
(iii) Pick the option that pairs the TRUE statements based on the extract, from the list below.
1. The bushes with fragrant flowers lift the human spirit and bring joy.
2. Death is inevitable and everyone faces it no matter how powerful.
3. Immortality is achieved by man when he drinks the nectar of joy.
4. Legendary heroes and their heroic deeds instill inspiration in us.
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(a) 1 and 2
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(b) 2 and 4
(c) 1 and 4
(d) 2 and 3
(iv) Pick the option that uses the same literary device as the ‘mighty dead’.
(a) sleepless nights
(b) deafening silence
(c) glaring lights
(d) time is a thief
ANSWERS
(A) (i)-(b) (ii)-(b) (iii)-(d) (iv)-(c)
(B)
(i)-(b) (ii)-(a) (iii)-(c) (iv)-(b)
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English
Q.1 List the things of beauty mentioned in the poem. (Pg. 99)
Ans. Everything of nature is a thing of beauty and a source of pleasure. Some of them are: the sun, the
moon, old and young trees, daffodil flowers, small streams with clear water, mass of ferns and
the blooming musk-roses. All of them are things of beauty. They are a constant source of joy and
pleasure.
Q.2 List the things that cause suffering and pain. (Pg. 99)
Ans. The poet says that a scarcity of good-natured people or in other words the wicked people
outnumbering the good people, negativity, pessimism, ill-health or ill-will are the things that
cause suffering and pain.
Q.3 What does the line, “Therefore are we wreathing a flowery band to bind us to the earth”
suggest to you? (Pg. 99)
Ans. God intended that the relationship of man and nature should be profound, deep and holy. The
objects of beauty make this world heavenly and our attachment to this earth increases. This bond
between man and nature is pleasant like a “flowery band” and makes our lives worthwhile. We
forge this relationship to sustain us through problem.
Q.4 What makes human beings love life in spite of troubles and suffering? (Pg. 99)
Ans. The poet says that the beautiful things on earth lifts the pall off our spirits and make life
worth living. Each beautiful thing is like a link that forms a chain or wreath that binds us to this
earth.
Q.5 Why is ‘grandeur’ associated with the ‘mighty dead’? (Pg. 99)
Ans. The grandeur of the mighty dead lies in their noble deeds. They have left behind the beautiful
legacy of their brave deeds. Their selfless sacrifice for their country and deeds for the welfare of
mankind still continue to inspire us.
Q.6 Do we experience things of beauty only for a short moments or do they make a lasting
impression on us? (Pg. 99)
Ans. A thing of beauty gives eternal joy. It can lit up the darkest recesses of our minds and can uplift
our spirits. Its happiness remains new and appealing. The bounty of nature is a perennial source
of motivation. It never ceases to be and never passes into nothingness.
Q.7 What image does the poet use to describe the beautiful bounty of the earth? (Pg. 99)
Ans. “An endless fountain of immortal drink” is the image that refers to the great gifts that give eternal
happiness like the sun, the moon, flowers and streams, etc.
EXTRA QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Q.1 How is 'a thing of beauty, a joy forever'?
Ans. John Keats was a great worshipper of beauty. He saw beauty as a perennial source of joy and
happiness. Beauty leaves an indelible imprint on the mind of the onlooker and provides eternal
happiness whenever the thought or sight flashes upon the inward eye. The loveliness of a thing of
beauty goes on increasing with time and it never passes into nothingness.
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NCERT QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
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CBSE
Q.2 What makes the poet believe that a thing of beauty can never pass into nothingness?
Ans. As a worshipper of beauty, Keats staunchly believes that the loveliness of beauty increases
manifold as we reflect upon it again and again. Thus the joy derived from a beautiful object
lingers on and can never fade away or die.
Q.3 How does beauty leave an indelible imprint on our mind?
Ans. Man treasures beautiful thoughts and sights in his mind for they provide him respite and
relaxation in his gloomy days. Beauty thus leaves its imprint in the form of sweet dreams. The
feelings of serenity and positive vibrations it inculcates soothe and relax the turbulent mind.
Q.4 How according to the poet, does the darkness and despair of life wither away?
Ans. At a very young age, Keats had to struggle against the odds of life and hence he saw sorrow and
suffering as the inevitable truth of life. He found respite in things of beauty, and here too he
voices his love for beauty when he says that the darkness and despair of life disappears with
shapes and sights of beauty.
Q.5 How does the poem highlights Keats yearning for 'ideal beauty'?
Ans. Keats loved the principle of beauty in all things. He visualised beauty as eternal. But merely
physical, sensuous beauty cannot be eternal for it fades away with time. The beauty that Keats
refers to is spiritual beauty, or the beauty of ideas i.e., realisation of truth, which transcends time
and space. It is this ideal beauty that he refers to in the poem, for according to him 'Beauty is
Truth' and 'Truth is beauty,” that is all'.
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Q.6 What is the message of the poem ‘A Thing of Beauty’?
Ans. The very first line contains the message that John Keats, the great Romantic poet, wants to
convey. Keats was a worshipper of beauty. For him beauty was truth and truth, beauty. Hence,
for him a thing of beauty is a joy forever. Beauty never fades. Nor is it ever devalued. It never
passes into nothingness. When we are full of sorrows and sufferings, some form of beauty comes
to our rescue. It removes the pall of sadness and sorrows and gives us joy and pleasure. Thus,
beauty is a boon for human beings.
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Q.7 What are the things that cause miseries, sorrows and sufferings to man?
Ans. Man himself is the root cause of all his sufferings. We suffer from malice and distress because
we lack human qualities that makes us good human beings. Our life becomes gloomy. We
cultivate unhealthy and evil ways. All such things bring miseries, sorrows and sufferings to man.
Q.8 How does a thing of beauty provide us shelter and comfort?
Ans. John Keats is a great Romantic poet. He uses rich sensuous imagery. Nature provides us things of
rare beauty. It keeps a bower quiet for us. A bower is a pleasant place with shady trees and
plants. A thing of beauty also provides us peace and security. We enjoy a sound sleep which is
full of sweet dreams, health and peaceful breathing.
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English
LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS
Q.1 What philosophy of life is highlighted in the poem?
Ans. Keats worshipped beauty both at its sensuous and spiritual level. All his poetry reveals a yearning
for that lofty loveliness which is real and true. His passion for beauty, however, did not keep him
untouched with the pain and suffering of life which he saw as the central fact of life. As an
escapist, he found refuge from the pains and sufferings of life in beauty itself. He believes that
beauty 'moves away the pall from our dark spirits', making us love life despite its sorrows and
suffering.
Q.2 How does the poem highlighted the poet's immense faith in the Divine?
Ans. Keats believed in the oneness of Truth and Beauty which can be spiritual and not physical. He
saw truth and beauty as the common attributes of the Divine Reality. Nature, he felt, was
beautiful. The sun, the moon and the stars all are beautiful only because such beauties are a
reflection of the beauty and majesty of their Maker, who is the highest truth. In the concluding,
lines of the poem the poet refers to his faith in the Divine Beauty when he sees Nature as an
endless fountain which pours forth its bounties on earth from the Heavens above.
EXTRACT BASED QUESTIONS
Q.1 The phrase immortal drink refers to
(A) blessings of our ancestors.
(B) the teachings of nature.
(C) a life-giving force.
(D) the beauty of heaven.
Q.2 'All lovely tales' evoke the feeling of
(A) sadness and nostalgia.
(B) only nostalgia.
(C) inspiration and pride.
(D) only pride.
Q.3 The rhyme scheme of the above extract is
(A) aabb
(B) abab
(C) aaab
(D) abbb
Q.4 The literary device used by the poet in the following lines is _______________.
An endless fountain of immortal drink, Pouring unto us from the heaven's brink.
(A) Personification
(B) Allegory
(C) Imagery
(D) Synecdoche
Ans. 1.(C)
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2.(C)
3.(A)
4.(C)
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(A) We have imagined for the mighty dead;
All lovely tales that we have heard or read;
An endless fountain of immortal drink,
Pouring unto us from the heaven's brink.
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CBSE
(B)
A thing of beauty is a joy forever
its loveliness increases, it will never
Pass into thingness; but will keep
A bower quiet for us, and sleep
Full of sweet dreams, and health, and quiet breathing.
Q.1 Name the poet.
(A) John Keats
(B) Pablo Neruda
Q.2 What remains a joy forever?
(A) Happiness in the family
(C) A thing of beauty
Q.3 Explain : 'Never pass into nothingness'.
(A) It doesn't come to an end.
(C) It cannot be measured.
Q.4 What does a bower provides?
(A) A sound sleep
(B) fruits
Ans. 1.(A)
2.(C)
3.(D)
(C) Robert Frost
(D) Kamla Das
(B) A victory
(D) an experience
(B) It is constant and eternal.
(D) Both (a) and (b)
(C) Furniture
(D) medicine
4.(A)
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(C) 'Gainst the hot season; the mid forest brake,
Rich with a sprinkling of fair musk-rose blooms;
And such too is the grandeur of the dooms
We have imagined for the mighty dead;
All lovely tales that we have heard or read;
An endless fountain of immortal drink,
Pouring unto us from the heaven's brink.
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Q.1 Based on the extract, complete the following analogy:
have heard: alliteration : ................................... : oxymoron
Q.2 Which of these best indicates the phrase 'mid forest brake'?
(A) hidden pond
(B) mass of shrubs
(C) canopy of trees
(D) sparkling stream
Q.3 According to the extract, which of these bring joy to human life?
(i) shady trees
(ii) delightful drinks
(iii) fragrant flowers
(iv) changing seasons
(v) enchanting stories
(A) (i) and (iii)
(B) (iii) and (v)
(C) (i), (iv) and (v)
(D) (ii), (iii) and (iv)
Q.4 Complete the given sentence appropriately.
When the poet mentions "an endless fountain of immortal drink', he refers to_________.
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English
Q.5 Based on the extract, choose the correct option with reference to the two statements given
below.
(1) Beautiful things are blessings from the divine.
(2) Beauty is an outcome of imagination.
(A) Only (1) can be inferred from the extract.
(B) Only (2) can be inferred from the extract.
(C) Both (1) and (2) can be inferred from the extract.
(D) Neither (1) nor (2) can be inferred from the extract.
Q.6 Which of these best describes the tone of the poet in the given extract?
(A) nostalgic
(B) generous
(C) passionate
(D) contemplative
ANSWERS
1.
mighty dead
2.
(B)
3.
(B)
4.
the eternal joy that beautiful things give / the everlasting joy things of beauty bring
(Accept any other similar response)
5.
(A)
6.
(D)
1.
What depresses the soul of human beings?
2.
How do human beings bind themselves to the earth every morning?
3.
What is the effect of ‘endless fountain’ on the human beings?
4.
Explain: ‘A bower quiet for us’
5.
What philosophy of life is highlighted in the poem?
6.
‘Beauty is best left undefined’. Support your position on this statement with your rationale,
coupled with ideas in the poem.
7.
We have often heard the phrase: ‘Beauty is skin deep’. In spite of that, we often see people
idolising actors and celebrities who are good looking and attractive.
You have a conversation regarding this with your friend who believes that physical beauty
defines a person.
Write down that conversation.
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QUESTIONS FOR PRACTICE
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CBSE
POEM-4
A ROADSIDE STAND
BY ROBERT FROST
Robert Frost (1874 – 1963) is a highly acclaimed American poet of the twentieth century. Robert
Frost wrote about characters, people and landscapes. his poems are concerned with human tragedies
and fears his reaction to the complexities of life and his ultimate acceptance of his burdens. Stopping
by the Woods on a Snowy Evening, Birches, Mending walls are a few of his well-known poems. In the
poem A Roadside Stand Frost presents the lives of poor deprived people with pitiless clarity and with
the deepest sympathy and humanity.
Theme:- Insufferable pain and plight of suburban people.
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HIGHLIGHTS
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The speaker saw an old little house by the side of a road. Its shed has been recently renovated.
Vehicles pass by this stand at a great speed. The inmates of the roadside stand expectantly
waiting for passers-by to halt for food and refreshments. They crave for some city money to fall
into their share so that they can support their lives with it.
However, city folk are indifferent to their lot. Their vehicles pass by on the highway with their
drivers minds set on their destination. Those who care to stop are quite critical of the poor decor
of the stand and its artless interior and paint. They also complain about the signs of 'N' and 'S'
being turned wrong. The rich city dwellers passing by the stand also disapprove of the raw
quality things offered for sale here. They feel that these unhygienic ally maintained roadside
stands mare the scenic beauty of the beautiful mountain scene.
The speaker questions the rich city dwellers why they are being mean and stingy although they
have a lot of money. He does not want to complain about the harm these people cause to the
natural scenery.
He is more concerned about the pain and sorrow their unsaid words cause to the trust the country
people have bestowed on them. The poor rustic folks establish their roadside stand far away from
the city and hope that some money from the rich city dwellers would pass into their hands and it
will help them grow and enjoy a comfortable living. By letting some city-money pass into their
hands, the city dwellers will probably keep their promise of providing them economic
independence which the ruling party has failed to do.
The speaker further remarks that he has heard that all the poor people like him would be drawn
out of their poverty and be privileged to live a comfortable life in their villages. They will also be
able to taste the urban comforts of having a theatre and a store; so they will not have to worry
about their living. The capitalists and the men in power impersonate as their benefactors but in
their greed these beasts of prey impose themselves on the country people and lure them with
benefits which are tactfully calculated by them. They come with vain promises to provide the
country dwellers benefits which would comfort them beyond their imagination. Thus tempted
and lured innocent rustics forget to know and protect their rights. Their greedy benefactors then
sleep over their promises leaving them even more miserable and wretched.
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English
The speaker feels that sometimes he cannot bear the thought of having to face so much
deprivation.
He craves in vain like a child for his wishes to be fulfilled. The poet is sensitive to the sadness he
sees prevailing at the open windows of the roadside stand where the owners wait expectantly
with an open prayer for the shrieking of the brakes or the sound of a car stopping. In that lies
their hope of earning some city money. They hope vainly that of all the thousand cars that speed
away past their stand, at least one would stop even if it is to enquire about the prices. Their hopes
are shattered, when the city people stop at their shop, only to dig up the grass and use the yard to
back and turn around or to enquire for the way to its destination. Sometimes, some motorists stop
to enquire if they could buy a gallon of gas from the stand. This indifferent and unfeeling
behaviour upsets the country folk tremendously.
The speaker finally laments that the spirit to progress economically is not found in the
countryside. The country folk thus voice their complaints against such economic disparity. The
speaker accepts unequivocally (expresses his intention clearly and firmly) that it would be a great
relief if these poor rustics could be driven out of the pain of poverty.
He then wonders that when he gains his sanity how he would desire his countrymen to pull him
out of his pain.
The last lines of the poem probably express the poet's lament that he was not recognised so well
in his own country America where he earned his due recognition only after proving his mettle in
Britain.
Pathetically
-
Pitiably, Miserably
Polished
-
Refined, Sophisticated
Squash
-
A vegetable
Warts
-
Growth, Tumour
Quarts
-
Bottles, Containers
Swarm
-
Flood, Flock
Beneficent
-
Kind, Charitable
Prey
-
An animal hunted for food, Victim
Soothe
-
Comfort, Placate
Lurks
-
Hang around, Sneak
Squeal
-
Screech, Scream
Plow up
-
Pull up
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GLOSSARY
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CBSE
KEY LEARNINGS
1.
The poem offers a scathing criticism of an unequal society where there is a huge divide b/w the
rich and poor, the haves and the have-nots owing to the iniquitous distribution of wealth.
2.
The poet contrasts the roadside stand with moving cars.
3.
The poet is agitated and sympathetic towards the suburban people. He realizes the futility of his
thought about giving up.
4.
The city dwellers don't care even two straws for the poor.
5.
The poet is pained to see the sorrows and problems of the poor who have nobody to confide their
pain in.
6.
The politicians and the authorities keep the country side people suppressed and don't do enough
to resolve their issues.
7.
The poet feels death is better than living such a life as the country-side people lead.
N.B. – These points may prove helpful in framing your answers.
LITERARY DEVICES USED IN THE POEM
Personification
1.
2.
3.
A roadside stand that
too pathetically pled.
All the thousand selfish
cars that pass.
Sadness that lurks near
the open window
Alliteration
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1.
2.
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pathetically pled
moving pictures promise
that the party in power
4.
5.
6.
greedy good-doers
beneficent beasts
gallon of gas
Transferred Epithet
1.
2.
The polished traffic
passed with a mind
ahead.
Of all the thousand
selfish cars that pass.
Repetition
1.
2.
3.
N turned wrong and
S turned wrong
sleep…sleep
country…country
Anaphora
1.
Or crook-necked…
Or beauty rest….
Oxymoron
1.
2.
greedy good- doers
beneficent beasts
COMPREHENSION BASED QUESITONS
Q.1 Read the extract and answer the questions that followThe little old house was out with a little new shed
In front at the edge of the road where the traffic sped,
A roadside stand that too pathetically pled,
It would not be fair to say for a dole of bread,
But for some of the money, the cash, whose flow supports
The flower of cities from sinking and withering faint.
The polished traffic passed with a mind ahead
a) What does the 'little old house' refer to ?
Ans. The 'little old house' refers to the roadside house with a stand.
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Q.2 Read the extract and answer the questions that followOr if ever aside a moment, then out of sorts
At having the landscape marred with the artless paint
Of signs that with N turned wrong and S turned wrong
Offered for sale wild berries in wooden quarts,
Or crook-necked golden squash with silver warts.
a) What does the poet mean by, 'if ever aside a moment'?
Ans. The city dwellers do not care to pause and show concern for the innocent rustics at the roadside
stand. If ever they momentarily pause to have one look at these people, they are rather critical in
their comments.
b) Explain: 'out of sorts'.
Ans. The expression means ill, sick or upset. Here it means upset. The city dwellers are upset that the
artless decor of the stand is in disharmony with the surroundings.
c)
What are the complaints of the city dwellers?
Ans. The city dwellers complain that the country folk have destroyed the scenic beauty of the
landscape by their tastelessly painted roadside stand. Even their 'N' and 'S' on the sign-boards is
wrongly presented.
d) What are the city dwellers offered at the roadside stand?
Ans. They are offered wild berries in wooden containers and golden squash at the roadside stand.
e)
Do you think the city dwellers are happy with what they are offered?
Ans. The city dwellers do not approve of the things they are offered for sale at these roadside stands.
Q.3 Read the extract and answer the questions that followOr beauty rest in a beautiful mountain scene,
You have the money, but if you want to be mean,
Why keep your money (this crossly) and go along.
The hurt to the scenery wouldn't be my complaint
So much as the trusting sorrow of what is unsaid :
a)
Explain : "Or beauty rest in a beautiful mountain scene".
Ans. The expression means that the city dwellers feel upset about the way roadside stand mars the
beauty of the mountains.
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b) What is the condition of the roadside stand ?
Ans. The roadside stand is in a miserable condition. The owner lacks the resources to maintain it
artistically though he has given it a fresh look by renovating its shed.
c)
What was the real purpose of setting up of a roadside stand ?
Ans. The shed was set up to earn some "city money" and not to get something for free.
d) Explain : 'too pathetically pled'.
Ans. The owner desperately pleads to the rich city dwellers to stop at his roadside stand to buy his
wares so that some money could flow into his hands.
e)
How would this money help the country folk ?
Ans. The city money would help the country folk live a better life. This money will remove their want
and poverty.
f)
How do the passers-by react ? Is their attitude right ?
Ans. The passers-by do not respond to their pleas. They rush away in their polished cars with their
mind focussed only on their destination. According to the speaker, their attitude is not right for
they fail to realize their duty towards their poor rural brethren.
E
CBSE
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b) Who does 'You' refer to? What is the reason of their affluence?
Ans. 'You' here refers to the city dwellers. They are more affluent than the country folk because they
have access to the rapid industrialisation which has made money to flow in their hands.
c)
What character trait of the city dwellers is highlighted here?
Ans. The poet points out the mean and selfish nature of the city dwellers.
d) Does the poet approve of their behaviour?
Ans. No, the poet does not approve of their behaviour. He is rather critical that the city dwellers are
possessive about their money. They do not share it with the rustics.
e)
What is the 'trusting sorrow'? What remains 'unsaid'?
Ans. The country folk trust that their rich brethren in the city would come to their help but they feel
sad when this trust is breached by the city people through their indifference. Although the city
people say nothing but their silence speaks volumes about their cold and indifferent attitude
towards the rural poor, who feel hurt by it.
E
Q.4 Read the extracts and answer the questions that followAnd ask for some city money to feel in hand
To try if it will not make our being expand,
And give us the life of the 'moving-pictures' promise
That the party in power is said to be keeping from us.
a)
What does 'city money' imply?
Ans. The expression refers to the rich resources of money which the city dwellers have accumulated
through business and industry.
b) What do the country folk wish for?
Ans. The country folk wish for some money from the city dwellers to flow into their hands so that they
can also live a better life.
c)
Explain : 'make our being expand'.
Ans. The country folk believe that if some money from the cities flows into their hands, they could
hope to progress and thus enjoy better living standards.
d) What does 'life of the moving-pictures' imply?
Ans. The expression refers to a luxurious and an advanced lifestyle which is projected as a dream
world in the movies.
e)
Why is the poet critical of the ruling government?
Ans. The poet expresses his criticism because the party in power promises better living conditions for
the rustics during their election campaigns. These promises are, however, soon forgotten once the
party gains power.
Q.5 Read the extracts and answer the questions that followIt is in the news that all these pitiful kin
Are to be bought out and mercifully gathered in
To live in villages, next to the theatre and the store,
Where they won't have to think for themselves anymore
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Q.6 Read the extracts and answer the questions that followWhile greedy good-doers, beneficent beasts of prey,
Swarm over their lives enforcing benefits
That are calculated to soothe them out of their wits,
And by teaching them how to sleep they sleep all day,
Destroy their sleeping at night the ancient way.
a)
Explain : 'greedy good-doers'.
Ans. The expression refers to the crooked politicians who pose as the benefactors of the masses in the
name of removing their poverty but are actually greedy for power and pelf.
b) Explain the irony in the expression : 'beneficent beasts of prey'.
Ans. The beasts of prey are not beneficent by nature. They are only out to kill their prey and not to
show mercy to them. But the men in power are beasts of prey in the garb of our benefactors.
They exploit the common people for their vested interests.
c)
What kind of benefits are enforced on the country folk?
Ans. The men in power enforce such benefits on the country folk which are well calculated in their
own interest.
d) Explain: 'soothe them out of their wits'.
Ans. The men in power approach the country folk with tall promises of providing better living
conditions and a progressive life. The innocent rustics repose blind faith in these promises and
feel comforted and soothed to an extent that they fail to see through or rationalise their crooked
ways.
e)
Who teaches them to sleep and how?
Ans. The men in power with their tall promises and assurances teach the innocent country folk to sleep
over and ignore their sufferings which are a result of the prevailing economic disparity.
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a)
What is in the news?
Ans. The politicians use the media to hit the news headlines by spreading the rumour that better living
conditions would be provided to the villagers. They would be given respectable places to live in
the villages and enjoy a comfortable life.
b) Who are the 'pitiful kin'?
Ans. The pitiful kin refers to the poor village folk. They are akin to each other in their poverty stricken
pathetic conditions.
c)
What promise is given to the rustics?
Ans. The country folk promise the village folk respectable living space in the villages. They also
promise a far superior lifestyle to these rustics. This they would do by buying out the assets of the
village people.
d) How will the country folk be benefitted?
Ans. The country folk will be benefitted as they will be provided space near the theatre and the store.
This will give them better living standards and they will not suffer the pangs of insecurity in life.
e)
Are these promises fulfilled?
Ans. These promises are not fulfilled by the ruling government for their benefactors only believe in
filling their coffers.
E
CBSE
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Q.7 Read the extracts and answer the questions that followSometimes I feel myself I can hardly bear
The thought of so much childish longing in vain,
The sadness that lurks near the open window there,
That waits all day in almost open prayer
For the squeal of brakes, the sound of a stopping car,
Of all the thousand selfish cars that pass
a)
What can't the narrator bear?
Ans. The narrator cannot bear the thought of so much deprivation to the innocent country folk. They
are allured with false promises which are never going to be fulfilled.
b) What does 'childish longing' imply?
Ans. Children nurture so many unfulfilled dreams and desires which may or may not be fulfilled. The
country folk's expectant wait for some good to fall into their share has been referred to as childish
longing by the poet.
c)
Why is 'sadness' lurking at the open window?
Ans. Sadness lurks near the open window of the roadside stand as no city dweller halts there to take
refreshments. The people who own the roadside stand are left in poverty when their hopes for a
better living are belied.
d) What do the people at the roadside stand wait for?
Ans. They expectantly wait for the loud shrieks of brakes and the sound of a stopping car. It raises
their hope for some city money to flow into their hands.
e)
Why are the cars referred to as selfish?
Ans. The cars are referred to as selfish for the owners of the car do not care to stop at the roadside
stand to share the pain and suffering of the people there or contribute in enhancing their financial
status.
E
Q.8 Read the extract and answer the questions that followJust one to inquire what a farmer's prices are.
And one did stop, but only to plow up grass
In using the yard to back and turn around;
And another to ask the way to where it was bound;
And another to ask could they sell it a gallon of gas
They couldn't (this crossly); they had none, didn't it see?
a)
What does 'one' refer to?
Ans. 'One' here refers to a stopping car owned by a city dweller.
b) What do the country folk expect them to enquire for?
Ans. The country folk expect them to enquire for the prices of their products which could induce the
city people into buying these products.
c)
Did the car stop to enquire for the prices?
Ans. No, the car did not stop to enquire for the farmer's prices. It only ploughed up the grass to back
and turn around.
d) What are the other reasons for which the cars stopped at the roadside stand?
Ans. The cars halted at the roadside stand either to enquire the way towards their destination or to ask
for a gallon of gas if they ran short of it.
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e)
How did the people at the roadside react at their enquiry?
Ans. The people at the roadside stand were rather cross especially when the city car drivers enquired
for a gallon of gas. They were rather infuriated at city folks' ignorance for they could clearly see
that they were farmers selling fruits and vegetables, not gas.
Q.10 Read the extract and answer the questions that follow:
The little old house was out with a little new shed
In front at the edge of the road where the traffic sped,
A roadside stand that too pathetically pled,
It would not be fair to say for a dole of bread,
But for some of the money, the cash, whose flow supports.
The flower of cities from sinking and withering faint.
(i) Why does the poet use the word ‘pathetic’?
(ii) Who are referred to as ‘the flower of cities’?
Ans. (i) By using the word ‘pathetic’ the poet emphasizes on the fact that the condition of the shed
was most humble and that it presented a rather pitiable sight.
(ii) ‘The flower of the cities’ here refers to the rich and wealthy city-dwellers who can afford
the best things.
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Q.9 Read the extracts and answer the questions that followNo, in country money, the country scale of gain,
The requisite lift of spirit has never been found,
Or so the voice of the country seems to complain,
I can't help owning the great relief it would be
To put these people at one stroke out of their pain.
And then next day as I come back into the sane,
I wonder how I should like you to come to me
And offer to put me gently out of my pain.
a)
What does the poet mean by 'country money' or 'country scale of gain'?
Ans. The expression refers to the financial resources in the country side. The country folk being
dependent on farming cannot hope for rich resources of money.
b) What spirit is lacking in the countryside?
Ans. The spirit required to be progressive and affluent is not to be found in the countryside.
c)
What does the voice of the country complain?
Ans. The voice of the country complains of the backwardness of the countryside. The affluent city
dwellers do not share their affluence with the country folk.
d) What is the wish of the poet?
Ans. The poet wishes that great relief measures must be adopted to provide economic affluence to the
country people and draw them out of their pain.
e)
How does the poet express his concern for the country people?
Ans. The poet experiences insufferable pain at the plight of the rural people. The poet feels deep
concern for them and wants that some serious steps must be taken to reduce their pain. The day
he learns of the relief work it would gently pull him out of his pain and suffering.
E
CBSE
Q.11 The polished traffic passed with a mind ahead,
Or if ever aside a moment, then out of sorts
At having the landscape marred with the artless paint
Of signs that with N turned wrong and S turned wrong
Offered for sale wild berries in wooden quarts,
(i) What does the poet mean by ‘with a mind ahead?
(ii) What are N and S signs?
(iii) Why have these sings turned wrong?
Ans. (i) The phrase ‘with a mind ahead’ suggests that the people who pass the roadside stand in their
polished cars conveniently overlook the roadside stand as their mind is focussed only on
their destination.
(ii) The N and S signs stand for the North and the South direction.
(iii) These signs have turned wrong because they have been painted in the wrong way and so
these signboards are wrongly presented.
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Q.12 Or beauty rest in a beautiful mountain scene,
You have the money, but if you want to be mean,
Why keep your money (this crossly) and go along.
The hurt to the scenery wouldn't be my complaint
So much as the trusting sorrow of what is unsaid.
(i) What attraction does the place offer?
(ii) What should one do if one wants to be mean?
(iii) What does the poet not complain about?
Ans. (i) The place offers a scenic view of the beautiful mountains.
(ii) If one wants to be mean he can keep his money and move on ahead without feeling for the
country people or without even casting a glance at them.
(iii) The poet does not complain about the landscape which has been spoilt because of the
artless painting done on the roadside shops.
E
Q.13 It is in the news that all these pitiful kin
Are to be bought out and mercifully gathered in
To live in villages, next to the theatre and the store,
Where they won't have to think for themselves anymore,
While greedy good-doers, beneficent beasts of prey,
(i) Name the poem and the poet.
(ii) Explain why merciful have been called ‘greedy good-doers’ and ‘beneficent beasts of
prey’?
(iii) Why won’t these poor people have to think for themselves anymore?
Ans. (i) The poem is ‘A Roadside Stand’ by Robert Frost.
(ii) The merciful are the crooked politicians, greedy people pretending to be good, who pose as
benefactors but actuality these powerful men are beasts of prey in the guise of benefactors
who ruthlessly exploit the common people.
(iii) These poor people are now in the hands of the so-called ‘merciful benefactors’, who will
actually do them more harm than any good, so they will not have to think about themselves
any more.
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Q.14 Sometimes I feel myself I can hardly bear
The thought of so much childish longing in vain,
The sadness that lurks near the open window there,
That waits all day in almost open prayer
For the squeal of brakes, the sound of a stopping car,
Of all the thousand selfish cars that pass,
(i) Why the longing has been termed as ‘vain’?
(ii) Why do the people driving in the cars stop sometimes?
Ans. (i) The longing has been termed as ‘vain’ because it will never be fulfilled.
(ii) The people driving in the car stop sometimes either to just enquire about the way to their
destination or to ask for a gallon of gas if they run short of it.
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS BASED ON EXTRACTS
(A) No, in country money, the country scale of gain,
The requisite lift of spirit has never been found,
Or so the voice of the country seems to complain,
I can’t help owning the great relief it would be
To put these people at one stroke out of their pain.
And then next day as I come back into the sane,
I wonder how I should like you to come to me
And offer to put me gently out of my pain.
The ‘country money’ contextually here refers to
(a) money kept aside for the rural development.
(b) wealth accumulated by the whole country.
(c) meagre income earned by the countryside people.
(d) riches collected by the ancestral farmers over time.
(ii) Pick the option that mentions elements justifying monetary aspect as the ‘requisite lift of
spirit’.
1. confidence
2. ego
3. self-esteem
4. status
5. fame
(a) 1, 2, 4
(b) 2, 4, 5
(c) 1, 3, 4
(d) 1, 3, 5
(iii) Choose the correct option with respect to the two statements given below.
Statement 1: The poet is agitated and depressed.
Statement 2: The poet realizes the futility of his thought about giving up.
(a) Statement 1 can be inferred but Statement 2 cannot be inferred.
(b) Statement 1 cannot be inferred but Statement 2 can be inferred.
(c) Statement 1 and Statement 2 can be inferred.
(d) Statement 1 and Statement 2 cannot be inferred.
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(i)
E
CBSE
(iv) Choose the option that correctly paraphrases the given lines from the above extract.
“I can't help owning the great relief it would be to put these people at one stroke out of
their pain.”
(a) The poet wants to kill the impoverished people.
(b) The poet feels that death is better than living such a miserable life.
(c) The poet wants to eliminate poverty from the society.
(d) The poet states that it is important that these people become rich.
(B)
(i)
(ii)
The polished traffic passed with a mind ahead,
Or if ever aside a moment, then out of sorts
At having the landscape marred with the artless paint
Of signs that with N turned wrong and S turned wrong…
The polished traffic in particular refers to the
(a) sophisticated city dwellers in their vehicles.
(b) shiny cars that the poet sees on the road.
(c) extremely affluent people living in the neighbourhood.
(d) civilized manner in which traffic is coordinated.
‘The urban and educated people have their minds ahead.’
Choose the option suggesting the correct meaning behind this line.
2
1
The people are well-educated and The people are concentrating on the road
knowledgeable about the condition of that is ahead in order to drive safely.
the poor.
4
3
The people are preoccupied only by the The people are focused on their goal of
thoughts of their lives and nothing else. bettering the country.
(a) Option 1
(b) Option 2
(c) Option 3
(d) Option 4
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(iii) What do the urban rich feel about the S and N signs that have been painted wrong?
E
(a) Tolerant
(b) Amused
(c) Sympathetic
(d) Annoyed
(iv) The passers-by find the sign artless but the landscape ___________.
(a) animated
(b) aesthetic
(c) amusing
(d) ancient
ANSWERS
(A) (i)-(c) (ii)-(d) (iii)-(c) (iv)-(b)
(B) (i)-(a) (ii)-(c) (iii)-(d) (iv)-(d)
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NCERT QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Think it out
Q.1 The city folk who drove through the countryside hardly paid any heed to the roadside stand
or to the people who ran it. If at all they did, it was to complain. Which lines bring this out?
What was their complaint about? (Pg. 102)
Ans. The city folk drove through the countryside with mind set on their destination. They did not
bother to look at the roadside stand. If at all they stopped, they were critical of its poor decor,
artless interior and paint which marred the scenic beauty of the mountains. They also complained
of the wrong signs put up by the stand owners and the way wild berries were being sold in
wooden quarts.
The following lines bring out this complain:
"The polished traffic passed with a mind ahead,
Or if ever aside a moment, then out of sorts
At having the landscape marred with the artless paint
Of signs that with N turned wrong and S turned wrong".
Q.2 What was the plea of the folk who had put up the roadside stand? (Pg. 102)
Ans. The folk running the roadside stand made a plea to the city dwellers to buy their stuff so that they
could also earn some money to improve their lot and standard of living.
Q.3 The government and other social service agencies appear to help the poor rural people, but
actually do them no good. Pick out the words and phrases that the poet uses to show their
double standards. (Pg. 102)
Ans. The following words and phrases have been used by the poet to show the double standards of the
government and other social service organisations.
(i)
"The party in power is said to be keeping from us" (Political promises made to country folk
have remained unfulfilled).
"greedy good-doers" (The benefactors and philanthropists have an axe to grind)
(iii) "beneficent beasts of prey" (City dwellers think of working for the benefit of the country
folk only to exploit them for their vested interests)
(iv) "enforcing benefits/That are calculated to soothe them out of their wits" (All the welfare
schemes have an ulterior motive to promote the interests of the city dwellers/govt./the rich)
Q.4 What is the 'childish longing' that the poet refers to? Why is it 'vain'? (Pg. 102)
Ans. The expression refers to the dreams and desires of the poor rustics. Like innocent children they
dream of a better life which they can enjoy with the help received from the city dwellers. They
vainly long for city folks to stop and pay attention to their needs. It is referred to as vain for their
desire will never be fulfilled this way.
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(ii)
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CBSE
Q.5 Which lines tell us about the insufferable pain that the poet feels at the thought of the plight
of the rural poor? (Pg. 102)
Ans. The poet is immensely pained at the incessant suffering and miserable plight of the rural poor.
Relating his pain with the suffering of the country folk, the poet feels he would experience
immense joy and relief in being able to relieve these people of their pain and suffering. They
need a healing touch as much as he does.
The following lines bring out this idea :
"I wonder how I should like you to come to me
And offer to put me gently out of my pain".
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EXTRA QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
E
Q.1 Why do the people who run the roadside stand wait for the squeal of brakes so eagerly?
Ans. The “squealing of brakes” means that a car has stopped at their roadside stand. It raises their
hopes that the city-folk have stopped there to buy something from their roadside stand and some
city money will come into their hands.
Q.2 Explain: “soothe them out of their wits” with reference to the poem 'A Roadside Stand’.
Ans. The powerful men approach the country folk with false promises of providing them with better
living conditions and a better life. These innocent and simple rustics repose blind faith in their
false claims and feel soothed and satisfied. They fail to see through their crookedness and
selfishness.
Q.3 Why does Robert Frost sympathise with the rural poor?
Ans. Robert Frost feels an unbearable agony at the plight of the rural poor who are ignored and
neglected by the rich politicians. The Government and the party in power are indifferent to their
welfare. They fool them by making false promises and then fully exploit them to suit their own
selfish interests.
Q.4 What was the plea of the folk who had put up the roadside stand?
Ans. The folk who had put up the roadside stand pleaded to the city dwellers to stop and buy their
wares so as to enable them to earn some extra money for a decent living. They wanted that the
rich people who passed from there in their cars should stop there and buy some goods from them.
The money that these folks would earn from the rich people would help them to lead a better life.
Q.5 What is the ‘childish longing’ of the folk who had put up the roadside stand? Why is it ‘in
vain’?
Ans. The ‘childish longing’, the poet refers to, is the dreams and desires of the rural folk who have a
child-like longing for a better life that they hope to live with the help from the city dwellers.
Their longing is in vain because the city folk are not willing to help them and so their ‘childish
longings’ are not likely to be fulfilled.
Q.6 Why didn’t the ‘polished traffic’ stop at the roadside stand?
Ans. The ‘polished traffic’ conveniently overlooked the roadside stand and did not stop there as their
mind was focussed only on their destination. Moreover, they were critical of the poor decor of
the stand, its artless interior, paint and the sign marks put in wrong manner.
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Q.7 What news in the poem ‘A Roadside Stand’ is making its round in the village?
Ans. The news making its round is about the resettlement of the poor, rural people who will be
resettled in the villages, next to the theatre and the store. They will be close to the cities and
will not have to worry about themselves any more.
Q.8 Why do people at the roadside stand ask for city money?
Ans. The rural people running the roadside stand are poor and deprived, unlike the people of the city.
They thus ask for city money so that they too can lead a life of happiness and prosperity. This
much-needed city money can give them the life that had been promised to them by the party in
power.
Q.9 What does Frost himself feel about the roadside stand?
Ans. The poet is distressed to see the interminable wait on the part of the shed owners for their
prospective buyers. He is agonised at the ‘childish longing in vain’ of the people who have put up
the roadside stand.
LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS
Q.2 Have you ever stopped at a roadside stand? What have you observed?
Ans. Yes, I’ve stopped at a roadside stand on a highway twice or thrice and found that the villagers
have too much expectation from us, who pass from those roads. They work hard for whole day
and all the members of their family sit there to sell fresh vegetables, fruits, juices and other
products.
Very few of us actually purchase something but use them for general queries like asking
about road map, gas or petrol for our vehicles or many a times to use that broad empty space to
turn our vehicles. I also observed that those farmers are pitiful and facing very miserable
condition and fighting for their existence and survival.
Those merciful poor farmers should be helped and treated like human beings and dwellers of
cities. They should not be cheated and used for selfish purposes. They also contribute to the
growth and economy of the country as they grow crops for the whole mankind.
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Q.1 Write in brief the summary of the poem.
Ans. The poem A Roadside stand is a scathing criticism of an unequal society where there is a huge
division between the rich and poor, the haves and the have-nots, owing to the iniquitous
distribution of wealth. The poem clearly depict the plight of the poor and the complex dynamics
of their existence. It also focuses on the unfortunate fact that the unequal progress and
development between cities and villages have led to the feelings of distress and unhappiness in
the rural people.
The poet feels the pain of the poor people who establish stalls outside their shacks to sell various
products grown or manufactured by them but the poet observes that the city dwellers are
insensitive towards the plight of these countryside people. They hope that the city people who
pass by their stalls will stop and buy something from them but their hopes fail as these so-called
sophisticated people care nothing for them. The poor suburban people wish to get some money in
their hand so that they can lead a happy life but the affecting benefactors keep them suppressed.
At the end, the poet says that he would be relived if these poor people can be put out of their pain
in one stroke but he realizes the insanity of such a thought and wishes that something should be
done for these people only then the poet would be out of his pain.
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CBSE
EXTRACT BASED QUESTIONS
(A) The little old house was out with a little new shed
In front at the edge of the road where the traffic sped
A roadside stand that too pathetically pled
It would not be fair to say for a dole of bread,
But for some of the money, the cash, whose flow supports
The flower of cities from sinking and withering faint.
Q.1 Which of the following represents the purpose of making a roadside stand?
(A) For extension of existing house
(B) For getting something free of cost
(C) To reduce speed of traffic
(D) To earn some money
Q.2 Which of the following have not been implied in the extract?
1. The shed is small
2. It is not far away from the road
3. Owner of the shed wants to donate
4. Money helps traverse routine of life
5. Bread is favourite food of people living in city
(A) 1 and 4
(B) 2 and 4
(C) 3 and 5
(D) 4 and 5
Q.3 'The flower of cities from sinking and withering faint'. What does the word 'flower' refer in
this line of the extract?
(A) Cinema hall
(B) People
(C) Garden
(D) Shopping mall
Q.4 Which of the following word as used in the extract represents movement?
(A) Shed
Ans. 1.(D)
(B) Pled
2.(C)
3.(B)
(C) Faint
(D) Sped
4.(D)
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QUESTIONS FOR PRACTICE
E
1.
Where was the roadside stand? What was its condition?
2.
What support do the country folk expect from the city dwellers?
3.
What, according to the poet, contributes to the progress and affluence of the cities?
4.
Did the city dwellers stop at the roadside stand?
5.
Did the city dwellers appreciate the roadside stand?
6.
The roadside stand is a farmer's den. What textual evidence can you cite in support of this
statement?
7.
How does the poet-criticise the city ways?
8.
How does the poet highlight the mean and selfish nature of the city dwellers?
9.
How would the flow of city money into the hands of the country folk help them?
47
English
What is the complain of the country folk against the party in power?
11.
What empty promises are being made to the country people?
12.
Give examples of contrast and irony in the poem?
13.
Are the politicians genuinely interested in the betterment of the countryside?
14.
What is the 'open prayer' made by the country folk?
15.
What are the different reasons for which the cars halt at the roadside stand?
16.
Though money holds the same value everywhere, the poet draws a distinction
between city money and country money. Elaborate.
17.
The roadside stand and the moving cars are a contrast around which the entire poem is
woven. Expound.
18.
Comment on the significance of the symbol of the car in the poem.
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10.
48
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CBSE
POEM-5
AUNT JENNIFER’S TIGERS
BY ADRIENNE RICH
Adrienne Rich (1929 – 2012) was born in Baltimore, Maryland, USA. She is widely known for her
involvement in contemporary women's movement as a poet and theorist. She has published nineteen
volumes of poetry, three collections of essays and other writings. A strong resistance to racism and
militarism echoes through her work. The poem Aunt Jennifer's Tigers addresses the constraints of
married life a woman experiences.
Theme:- Constraints of married life a woman experiences.
HIGHLIGHTS
The poetess is a feminist and she addresses the difficulties of a married woman.
Aunt Jennifer spends good amount of time in embroidering panel of tigers prancing across the
screen.
The tigers are fearless creatures pacing elegantly and majestically. They symbolize the spirit of
freedom.
Aunt is a victim of male chauvinism (male domination).
Aunt Jennifer is so weak, oppressed and terrified that she finds it hard to pull the needle.
The “weight of Uncle’s wedding band “expresses how victimized and oppressed she is. It implies
that aunt Jennifer has to work hard to meet his expectation.
She spends her life in fear but she embroiders on the panel the fearless tigers to express her secret
longing for a life of freedom and confidence.
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Even her death does not end the problem and torture which a married woman experiences.
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GLOSSARY
Topaz
-
A yellowish brown gemstone
Denizens
-
Inhabitant, Resident
Pace
-
Stride, Walk
Chivalric
-
Brave, Courageous
Ordeals
-
Hardship, Difficult experience
Sleek
-
Elegant, Stylish
Prance
-
Strut, To walk in a lively fashion
49
English
KEY LEARNINGS
1.
The poem talks of male-chauvinism and female subjugation.
2.
The issue of gender-bias and discrimination against women is relevant even today.
3.
The tigers represent Aunt's repressed desires for freedom and power.
4.
Aunt Jennifer's plight is best explained by her hands. They hold both her freedom and the
instrument of her imprisonment. She knits her desires but is over powered by the wedding ring
she wears.
5.
Tigers are all what aunt is not such as-confidence, fearlessness and freedom.
N.B. – These points may prove helpful in framing your answers.
LITERARY DEVICES USED IN THE POEM
1.
2.
3.
4.
Images & Symbols
Tiger - Symbol of fear
and oppression by man's
dominated world
Bright topaz - color of
tiger skin
Uncle's wedding band suppression of women in
marriage.
Ringed with ordealsstruggles of spirit.
1.
2.
1.
Alliteration
Fingers fluttering
Prancing proud
Anaphora
They do not…
They pace
Transferred Epithet
1.
terrified hands
1.
Synecdoche
terrified hands
COMPREHENSION BASED QUESTIONS
Q.1 Read the extract and answer the questions that follow-
Bright topaz denizens of a world of green.
They do not fear the men beneath the tree;
They pace in sleek chivalric certainty.”
a)
What does the expression ‘Aunt Jennifer’s tigers imply?
Ans. Aunt Jennifer was embroidering a panel of prancing tigers. The poetess refers to the tigers as
Aunt Jennifer’s tigers because they are her creation, her work of art. They also represent her
desire to lead a life free from male dominance, full of respect, and valuable to the society.
b)
What does ‘prancing tigers’ symbolize?
Ans. Prancing tigers are a symbol of the spirit of freedom within Aunt Jennifer which remains
subdued. They can also symbolize her fear of her male counterpart.
50
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“Aunt Jennifer’s tigers prance across a screen,
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CBSE
c)
Why are tigers referred to as ‘denizens of a world of green’?
Ans. The tigers are the dwellers of the green forest, they are free and wild, so they are referred to as
denizens of world of green.
d) What qualities of the ‘tigers’ are highlighted here?
Ans. Fearlessness and ferocity of the tigers are highlighted here. Aunt Jennifer’s nervousness and
timidity are in sharp contrast to wild ferocity of the tigers that are not afraid of hunting men.
Unlike Aunt Jennifer, the tigers fear nothing.
e)
Explain; “They pace in sleek chivalric certainty”.
Ans. The movement of the tigers is sleek, stealthy, sure, majestic and elegant like kings. They are sure
of their purpose. Gallant and confident, they move ahead fearlessly and undeterred.
Q.2 Read the extract and answer the questions that follow“Aunt Jennifer’s fingers fluttering through her wool
Find even the ivory needle hard to pull.
The massive weight of Uncle’s wedding band
Sits heavily upon Aunt Jennifer’s hand”
a)
Why do Aunt Jennifer’s fingers flutter through her wool?
Ans. Aunt Jennifer lives in constant fear of her chauvinist husband. She is old and
weak but still has to work. She feels so nervous and terrified that her hands shake and flutter
when she sits down to knit.
b)
Why does she find it hard to pull the ivory needle?
Ans. Confronting constant fear and bearing the constraints of married life, she has become a nervous
wreck. She finds it difficult to pull the ivory needle through the tapestry more because of mental
suppression than because of physical weakness.
c)
Explain: ‘massive weight of Uncle’s wedding band’.
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Ans. The expression is symbolic of male authority and power. Matrimony binds the woman physically
as well as mentally, clipping her of freedom of expression and independence. Likewise Aunt
Jennifer is trapped in gender oppression and feels herself burdened by the authority of her
husband.
d) How is Aunt Jennifer affected by the ‘weight of matrimony’?
E
Ans. Aunt Jennifer cannot do things freely, she tries to come up to the expectation of her husband, and
she seems to have lost her identity. The freedom that she dreams of through her art is itself
symbolic of her oppressed self.
Q.3 Read the extract and answer the questions that follow“When Aunt is dead, her terrified hands will lie
Still ringed with ordeals she was mastered by.
The tigers in the panel that she made
Will go on prancing, proud and unafraid”
a)
What is Aunt Jennifer’s death symbolic of?
Ans. Aunt Jennifer’s death can be symbolic of her complete submission to her suppression.
51
English
b)
Explain: “terrified hands”.
Ans. Aunt Jennifer is terrified by her dominating husband and hence her hands are shivering.
c)
What does ‘ringed with ordeals’ imply?
Ans. Aunt Jennifer has been so victimized in her life that even after death she remains trapped in the
struggles of the spirit. Though we do not know what terrors Aunt Jennifer has to live with, we
find her a victim of gender injustice and oppression.
d)
Is the society in any way affected by Aunt Jennifer’s death?
Ans. Since the society is male dominated, it shows no concern for Aunt’s suffering, even her death.
The loss of her freedom is her individual loss. The society is not affected by it and the state of
women still remains the same.
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS BASED ON EXTRACTS
(a) Option (i)
(b) Option (ii)
(c) Option (iii)
(d) Option (iv)
(iv) Which of the following is an example of alliteration?
(a) finger fluttering through the wool
(b) upon Aunt Jennifer’s hand
(c) ivory needle hard to pull
(d) massive weight of Uncle's wedding band
(B) When Aunt is dead, her terrified hands will lie
Still ringed with ordeals she was mastered by.
The tigers in the panel that she made
Will go on prancing, proud and unafraid.
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(A) Aunt Jennifer's finger fluttering through her wool
Find even the ivory needle hard to pull.
The massive weight of Uncle's wedding band
Sits heavily upon Aunt Jennifer's hand.
(i) How would you describe Aunt Jennifer based on the above extract?
(a) oppressed
(b) malnourished
(c) aging
(d) diseased
(ii) Uncle’s wedding band sits heavily on Aunt Jennifer’s hand because
(a) it is an expensive and heavy ring.
(b) she was married against her will.
(c) she feels burdened in her marriage.
(d) their relationship is lacking in love.
(iii) Pick the option that displays the image which correctly corresponds to the type of task
Aunt is engaged in.
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CBSE
(i)
Read the statement given below:
Aunt Jennifer’s plight is best explained by her hands, they hold both her freedom and the
instrument of her imprisonment.
Choose the option that best explains the above statement, as per the extract.
(a) Aunt Jennifer’s hands are terrified, but when she is dead, her tigers will roam free.
(b) Aunt Jennifer knits her desires, but is overpowered by the wedding ring she wears.
(c) Aunt Jennifer’s tigers are proud and unafraid, but she is mastered by ringed ordeals.
(d) Aunt Jennifer makes panels of tigers when she has time from her responsibilities.
(ii) Which of the following CANNOT be inferred from the given extract?
(a) Aunt Jennifer’s tigers will keep her alive in everyone’s memory.
(b) Aunt Jennifer feels oppressed and constricted in her marriage.
(c) Even in death, Aunt Jennifer cannot escape patriarchal subjugation.
(d) Aunt Jennifer’s tigers prance as a lasting symbol of her desires.
(iii) What makes the tigers “proud and unafraid”?
(a) They embody the grandeur and supremacy of animals in the wild.
(b) They symbolise authority and are ‘topaz denizens of green’.
(c) They represent Aunt’s repressed desires for freedom and power.
(d) They are a product of Aunt’s imagination and colonial experience.
(iv) Choose the option that DOES NOT reflect the movement implied by ‘prancing’.
(a) bounding
(b) frolicking
(c) strutting
(d) shuffling
ANSWERS
(A) (i)-(a) (ii)-(c) (iii)-(b) (iv)-(a)
(B) (i)-(b) (ii)-(a) (iii)-(c) (iv)-(d)
NCERT QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
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Think it out
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Q.1 How do ‘denizens’ and ‘chivalric’ add to our understanding of the tiger’s attitudes ? (Pg. 104)
Ans. Denizens means residents of a particular area and the tigers live in the huge world of forest.
Similarly, chivalric means brave and the tigers are the paragon of courage and fearlessness.
Q.2 Why do you think Aunt Jennifer’s hands are fluttering through her wool? Why does she
find the needle so hard to pull? (Pg. 104)
Ans. Aunt Jennifer is victimized by the overbearing and dominant nature of her husband. Her life has
become a perpetual torture. The fear of her authoritative husband has gone so deep into her being
that she seems to have lost all strength and energy. Thus her hands shake and flutter so much that
she is not even able to pull the needle through the tapestry.
Q.3 What do you understand by “massive weight of uncle’s wedding band”? (Pg. 104)
Ans. Generally ‘wedding band’ is a symbol of joy and happiness. But in case of Aunt Jennifer, it has
become a symbol of torture and oppression. Her relationship with her authoritative husband has
become a painful burden to carry. Her ‘wedding band’ has brought her a world of pain, misery
and torture. She has lost her freedom and entered a world of humiliation and oppression.
53
English
Q.4 Of what or of whom is Aunt Jennifer terrified with in the third stanza? (Pg. 104)
Ans. Aunt Jennifer has passed through many testing times during her married life. These times have
suppressed her. She was dominated by them not only during her lifetimes but even after her
death. The dominating, callous and cold attitude of her husband continuous to haunt her even
after death.
Q.5 What are the ‘ordeals’ Aunt Jennifer is surrounded by, why is it significant that the poet
uses the word ‘ringed’ ? What are the meanings of the word ‘ringed’ in the poem? (Pg. 104)
Ans. Aunt Jennifer is surrounded by household chores. These chores are no less than ordeals for her
because willingly or unwillingly she has to do them. The word ‘ringed’ has been used to convey
husband’s domination, the restriction imposed by society and the confinements a woman has to
be in due to customs and rituals.
Q.6 Why do you think Aunt Jennifer created animals that are so different from her own
character? What might the poet be suggesting, through this difference ? (Pg. 104)
Ans. Aunt Jennifer is old and submissive woman. But the tigers she is embroidering on the panel
appear to be bold and chivalric. The suggestion given here is that women give birth to men but
the same men tyrannise women when they grow up.
Q.7 Interpret the symbols found in this poem. (Pg. 104)
Ans. The poet has used the symbol of tigers in this poem. The tigers represent creative energy of
women. The tigers also represent the male-dominant society. The poet wants to say that the
women give birth to men, but the same men tyrannise women when they grow up.
Q.8 Do you sympathise with Aunt Jennifer? What is the attitude of the speaker towards Aunt
Jennifer? (Pg. 104)
Ans. Yes, we do sympathise with Aunt Jennifer. Aunt Jennifer symbolises a typical housewife. She
seems to have no respite. The wedding seems to be burdensome for her. She leads an oppressed
life and it is likely that even death won't set her free.
Q.1 How do Aunt Jennifer’s tiger look like?
Ans. The tigers, made by Aunt Jennifer on the screen, are jumping and playing about without any fear
of the men beneath the tree. They walk in elegance and style displaying the spirit of courage,
fearlessness, strength and confidence.
Q.2 What do the tigers made by the Aunt symbolize?
Ans. The tigers made by Aunt Jennifer symbolize the spirit of courage, strength and fearlessness. Aunt
Jennifer, a victim of male oppression, expresses her crushed feelings in the form of art. So, the
tigers are symbolic of the fear of male domination with which Aunt Jennifer suffers.
Q.3 Explain ’her terrified hands will lie, still ringed with the ordeals she was mastered by’.
Ans. These lines convey Aunt’s complete submission to the oppressive authority of her husband. The
fear of her husband has gone so deep into her being that even death cannot liberate her from the
chains of her mental suppression. Memories of her husband’s tortures and atrocities which bent
her into a humiliating slavery will continue to haunt her even after her death.
54
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EXTRA QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
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CBSE
Q.4 Explain ‘The tigers in the panel………. proud and unafraid.’
Ans. Here the tigers symbolize the unquestioned authority of man enjoyed by him over his woman
counterpart. The lines suggest the dispassionate and unconcerned attitude of the male towards the
desire for freedom among women. Here, Aunt Jennifer tries to find an escape in her art but ends
up portraying an image of her own suppression. While woman can never free herself from the
oppressive authority of her male counterpart, the male, on the other hand will go on enjoying his
authoritative arrogance and ferocity without any fear or regrets.
Q.5 What picture of male chauvinism (tyranny) do we find in the poem, ‘Aunt Jennifer’s Tigers’ ?
Ans. The poem presents horrible picture of male chauvinism. Aunt Jennifer tortured by her husband
leads an oppressive life. The wedded life has proved to be a burden for her. She feels hesitant to
express her desire even in the form of tigers on the panel. Her life is like encaged animal
controlled by others.
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LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS
E
Q.1 Write in brief the summary of the poem.
Ans. The poet refers to an old woman, Aunt Jennifer. She has embroidered some tigers on a screen.
These tigers are jumping across the screen. The poet says that these tigers appear so real as if
they were actually the inhabitants of the jungle. Some men are shown beneath the tree. But these
tigers are fearless. They are not afraid of these men. Aunt Jennifer has become so old that it
appears that her fingers are trembling through wool. She has become so weak that she even finds
the needle hard to pull.
The poet says that the uncle’s wedding band lies very heavily on Aunt Jennifer’s hand. The poet
means to say here that Aunt Jennifer has to slavishly follow all the orders of uncle. Aunt Jennifer
is terrified of endless household chores and Uncle. She thinks that even after her death she will
not be free from these household chores.
Q.2 Write in brief the central idea of the poem.
Ans. The poem is suggestive of an entrenched belief in the society that the power of patriarchy
controls not only the forms of women but also the minds. The women have to lead a fearstricken, confidence-less and uncertain life as they don't have any say in any of the matters. They
are not given any opportunities to hone and showcase their talents. They are hesitant to express
their desires even in the form of art as the society is quite harsh on them. The wedded life is
onerous to them which they can never put down. But perhaps only art can save them from
ignominy as that is the way through which one can spread awareness among people.
EXTRACT BASED QUESTIONS
(A) Aunt Jennifer's tigers prance across a screen,
Bright topaz denizens of a world of green.
They do not fear the men beneath the tree;
They pace in sleek chivalric certainty.
They do not fear the men beneath the tree;
They pace in sleek chivalric certainty.
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English
Q.1 Why are the tigers called Aunt Jennifer's tigers?
(A) They are her pets
(B) Aunt Jennifer has embroidered them
(C) They were nurtured by Aunt Jennifer
(D) She is a hunter
Q.2 How are they described here?
(A) Hidden
(B) Scared
(C) Elegant
(D) Unpredictable
Q.3 Aunt Jennifer can be described as ___________?
(A) Fearless
(B) Confident
(C) Complacent (D) Meek
Q.4 The tigers do not fear the ___________________?
(A) Men
(B) Aunt Jennifer
(C) The poetess (D) Lions
Ans. 1.(B)
(B)
2.(C)
3.(D)
4.(A)
Aunt Jennifer's fingers fluttering through her wool
Find even the ivory needle hard to pull.
The massive weight of Uncle's wedding band
Sits heavily upon Aunt Jennifer's hand.
Q.1 What is Aunt Jennifer doing with her wool?
(A) Embroidering tigers
(B) Sorting it
(C) Cleaning it
(D) Embroidering lions
Q.2 What kind of life is Aunt Jennifer living?
(A) Happy
(B) Prosperous
(C) Terrified
(D) Protective
Q.3 What does the wedding band stands for?
(A) A happy married life
(B) Oppressive control of her husband
(C) Support from her husband
(D) A meaningless life
Q.4 The wedding ring is a ___________________ for Aunt Jennifer
(A) Gift
(B) Symbol of love
(C) Memento
(D) Burden
Ans. 1.(A)
2.(C)
3.(B)
4.(D)
1.
What ideology does the poem propound?
2.
The tigers are contrasting symbols in the poem. How?
3.
How is Aunt Jennifer affected by the ‘weight of matrimony’?
4.
How is the society affected by Aunt Jennifer’s death?
5.
What ordeals have surrounded the life of Aunt Jennifer?
6.
‘What knitting was to Aunt Jennifer; poetry was for Adrienne Rich’. Do you agree?
Comment with reference to the poem ‘Aunt Jennifer’s Tigers’.
7.
56
Would you say that the poem ends on a note of hope? Justify your opinion.
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QUESTIONS FOR PRACTICE
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CBSE
FLAMINGO - PROSE
LESSON – 1
THE LAST LESSON
Alphonse Daudet (1840-1897) was a French novelist and short-story writer. The Last Lesson is set in
the days of the Franco-Prussian War (1870-1871) in which France was defeated by Prussia led by
Bismarck. Prussia then consisted of what now are the nations of Germany, Poland and parts of Austria.
In this story the French districts of Alsace and Lorraine have passed into Prussian hands.
THEME :The pain that is inflicted on the people of a territory by its conquerors by taking away the right to
study or speak their own language.
SUB-THEME :Student and teacher attitudes to learning and teaching.
CHARACTERS :1. Franz – Young and carefree schoolboy
2. M. Hamel – Strict disciplinarian
SETTING :M. Hamel's little garden and school.
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HIGHLIGHTS
E
Franz started for school very late that morning.
Franz was afraid of going to school as he did not learn Participles.
He was tempted to enjoy beauty of nature - the bright sunshine, the birds chirping in the woods,
Prussian soldiers drilling - all this was tempting than rule of participles but resisted.
He saw a crowd in front of bulletin board.
Bulletin board gave all bad news for last two years - lost battles, the drafts and orders of the
commanding officers.
Franz reached M. Hamel's little garden. The changes he noticed in the school:
–
Instead of noisy classrooms everything was as quiet as Sunday morning
–
The teacher didn’t scold him and told him very kindly to go to his seat
–
The teacher dressed in his Sunday best (green coat and frilled shirt).
–
Whole school seemed so strange and solemn.
–
Surprising Elements – Villagers occupied the last benches - to pay tribute to M. Hamel for
his 40 years of sincere service and also to express their solidarity with France.
M. Hamel made the announcement that it would be the last French lesson – order has come to
teach only German and new master comes tomorrow – Franz realized what was put up on the
bulletin board.
Franz realized that he didn’t know his own mother tongue; regretted why he had not taken his
lessons seriously. He wasted his time in seeking bird's eggs, or going sliding on the Saar.
57
English
Also realized the reason why teacher was dressed in his Sunday best and villagers sitting at the
back (to show the respect for the country and to thank M Hamel).
M. Hamel realized that all, the children, the parents and he himself were to be blamed for losing
respect and regard for the mother tongue.
M. Hamel talked about importance of French language – French, the most beautiful, the clearest
and the most logical in the world.
Always keep the mother tongue close to your heart as it is the key to unlock doors of freedom.
Atmosphere in class: teacher taught sincerely and patiently, students and others studied with
utmost sincerity. Franz was amazed that he understood everything. They had lesson in writing
and M. Hamel brought new copies for them. Everyone was immersed in their work.
Franz wondered if Prussians could force pigeons to coo in German.
M. Hamel sitting motionless – wanted to imprint classroom scene – heart breaking for him.
Everybody became emotional but M. Hamel heard every lesson to the last.
M. Hamel stood up and overcome with emotions, could not speak and write on the black board
“Long Live France” (Vive La France!).
Dread
Scolding
Tempting
Draft
Bub
Frilled
Primer
Reproach
Nuisance
Cranky
Saar
Hopvine
Angelus
Vive La
-
Fear, Fright
Admonishing, Rebuking
Luring, Enticing
Compulsory military service
Buddy, Brother
Ruffled, Decorated
School text, Text book
Accuse, Blame
Trouble, Problem
Peevish, Irritable
Name of a river
A creeper
A devotional prayer in the morning
Long live
KEY LEARNINGS
1.
The story highlights the invader's desire to forcefully thrust his language and culture on the
subjugated community.
2.
Taking away one's mother tongue and forcing to accept a foreign language is the first step of
colonial aggression.
3.
Language is the sole preserver of history, culture and arts of any nation or society.
4.
Linguistic chauvinism means carrying pride in one's language too far and a feeling of hatred or
dislike towards other languages.
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GLOSSARY
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CBSE
5.
Depriving one of one's language is akin to taking one's identity away.
6.
A teacher can change the course of a nation.
7.
Language is binding and uniting.
N.B. – These points may prove helpful in framing your answers.
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS BASED ON EXTRACTS
(A) Poor man! It was in honour of this last lesson that he had put on his
fine Sunday clothes, and now I understood why the old men of the
village were sitting there in the back of the room. It was because they
were sorry, too, that they had not gone to school more. It was their way
of thanking our master for his forty years of faithful service and of
showing their respect for the country that was theirs no more.
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(i)
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Why does the narrator refer to M. Hamel as 'Poor man!'?
(a) He empathizes with M. Hamel as he had to leave the village.
(b) He believes that M. Hamel's "fine Sunday clothes" clearly reflected that he was not rich.
(c) He feels sorry for M. Hamel as it was his last French lesson.
(d) He thinks that M. Hamel's patriotism and sense of duty resulted in his poverty.
(ii) Which of the following idioms might describe the villagers' act of attending the last lesson
most accurately?
(a) 'Too good to miss'
(b) 'Too little, too late'
(c) 'Too many cooks spoil the broth'
(d) 'Too cool for school'
(iii) Choose the option that might raise a question about M. Hamel's "faithful service".
(a) When Franz came late, M. Hamel told him that he was about to begin class without him.
(b) Franz mentioned how cranky M. Hamel was and his "great ruler rapping on the table".
(c) M. Hamel often sent students to water his flowers, and gave a holiday when he wanted to go
for fishing.
(d) M. Hamel permitted villagers put their children "to work on a farm or at the mills" for some
extra money.
(iv) Choose the option that most appropriately fills in the blanks, for the following description
of the given extract.
The villagers and their children sat in class, forging with their old master a (i) _____
togetherness. In that moment, the class room stood (ii) _____. It was France itself, and the last
French lesson a desperate hope to (iii) ______ to the remnants of what they had known and taken
for granted. Their own (iv) _______.
(a) (i) graceful; (ii) still; (iii) hang on; (iv) country
(b) (i) bygone; (ii) up; (iii) keep on; (iv) education
(c) (i) beautiful; (ii) mesmerised; (iii) carry on; (iv) unity
(d) (i) forgotten; (ii) transformed; (iii) hold on; (iv) identity
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(B)
M. Hamel went on to talk of the French language, saying that it was the most beautiful language
in the world - the clearest, the most logical; that we must guard it among us and never forget it,
because when a people are enslaved, as long as they hold fast to their language it is as if they had
the key to their prison. Then he opened a grammar book and read us our lesson. I was amazed to
see how well I understood it. All he said seemed so easy, so easy!
(i)
Which of the following can be attributed to M. Hamel's declaration about the French language?
(ii)
(a) subject expertise
(b) nostalgic pride
(c) factual accuracy
(d) patriotic magnification
Read the quotes given below.
Choose the option that might best describe M. Hamel's viewpoint.
(i) Those who know nothing of foreign languages know nothing of their own. - Johann Wolfgang
von Goethe
(ii) Language is the road map of a culture. It tells you where its people come from and where
they are going. - Rita Mae Brown
(iii) A poor man is like a foreigner in his own country. - Ali Ibn Abi Talib
(iv) The greatest propaganda in the world is our mother tongue, that is what we learn as children,
and which we learn unconsciously. That shapes our perceptions for life. - Marshal McLuhan
(a) Option (i)
(b) Option (ii)
(c) Option (iii)
(d) Option (iv)
(iii) "I was amazed to see how well I understood it."
Select the option that does NOT explain why Franz found the grammar lesson "easy".
(a) Franz was paying careful attention in class this time.
(b) M. Hamel was being extremely patient and calm in his teaching.
(c) Franz was inspired and had found a new meaning and purpose to learning.
(d) Franz had realized that French was the clearest and most logical language.
(a) receptive.
(b) appreciative.
(c) introspective.
(d) competitive.
ANSWERS
(A) (i) - c ;
(B) (i) - d ;
(ii) - b ;
(ii) - b ;
(iii) - c ;
(iii) - d ;
(iv) - d
(iv) – a
NCERT QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
THINK AS YOU READ
Q.1 What was Franz expected to be prepared with for school that day? (Pg-7)
Ans. Franz was expected to be prepared with lesson on participles for school that day.
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(iv) Franz was able to understand the grammar lesson easily because he was
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CBSE
Q.2 What did Franz notice that was unusual about the school that day? (Pg-7)
Ans. Franz noticed the absence of the routine hustle and bustle caused by the opening and closing of
desks, repeating of the lessons and rapping of the teacher's ruler on the table. The usual hustle bustle was replaced by a strange stillness that was the characteristic of a school on a Sunday
morning.
Q.3 What was the news which was put up on the bulletin board? (Pg-7)
Ans. For the last two years all bad news - the lost battles, the orders of the commanding officer was
displayed on the notice board. That day, the news that only German would be taught in school of
Alsace and Lorraine was displayed on the notice-board which made the crowd gather there to
read it.
Q.4 What changes did the order from Berlin cause in school that day? (Pg-8)
Ans. The order from Berlin brought all the routine hustle-bustle of the school life to a standstill. M.
Hamel taught his lessons with patience and became more sympathetic to his students. The
students became more attentive in their classes. The villagers, who were sitting as usual at the
empty back benches had come to show their respect and gratitude to M. Hamel, and regretted
about not going to school more often.
Q.5 How did Franz's feelings about M. Hamel and school change? (Pg-8)
Ans. Franz was shocked to hear whatever M. Hamel told the students about the order from Berlin. He
was shocked to learn that it was their last French lesson. He understood the pain and agony his
teacher was undergoing. He now 'realized with pain what French meant to him and regretted not
being attentive in his classes earlier. Suddenly, he felt that the 'difficult concepts' had never been
difficult.
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UNDERSTANDING THE TEXT
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Q.1 The people in this story suddenly realize how precious their language is to them. What
shows you this? Why does this happen? (Pg-9)
Ans. The crowd of villagers around the bulletin - board, the silent presence of the villagers in the class,
the silence in place of the routine hustle and bustle of the school, the emotions gripping M.
Hamel and Franz, representing the teacher and the student community respectively, were all
indicators of the realization of the importance of their language to them. In the story, M. Hamel
said that people realize the importance of somebody or something in their lives only when they
lose it or it is snatched away from them. Similarly, it was the order from Berlin that made the
people realize the importance of their language for them.
Q.2 Franz thinks, "Will they make them sing in German, even the pigeons?" What could this
mean? (Pg-9)
Ans. This sentence could possibly mean that however hard the authorities try to embed German
language in the culture of Alsace and Lorraine, the natural status of French, for them will remain
unchanged. French flows in the air and the entire place is imbued with its effect. Even though
they train student in German, the basic mode of communication would remain unchanged like the
cooing of the pigeons.
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TALKING ABOUT THE TEXT
Q.1 "When a people are enslaved, as long as they hold fast to their language it is as if they had
the key to their prison."
Can you think of examples in history where a conquered people has their language taken
away from them or had a language imposed on them? (Pg-9)
Ans. History is replete with incidents where foreign conquered by imposing their culture and even
their
Q.2 Is it possible to carry pride in one's language too far? Do you know what 'linguistic
chauvinism' means? (Pg-9)
Ans. Yes, it is possible to carry pride in one's language too far if one is fond of one's own language at
the cost of other. Indifference towards other language is not healthy for any democracy like India.
When the sense of belonging to one's own language crosses the thin line between 'pride' and
proud', it becomes linguistic chauvinism. If people feel good about their language and traditions,
they must have tolerance for other languages too. Everybody has the right to follow the religion
and speak the language as per his/her desire. If fact, it is disparaging to distort the names of
communities, for example, Bongs for Bengalis, Gujjus for Gujratis, etc.
EXTRA QUESTIONS & ANSWERS
Q.1 What was the narrator’s greatest fear as he moved towards the school?
Ans. Franz started late for school that day and was afraid of being scolded. His fear gripped him
further for he was also unprepared. He had not learnt the rules of participles as instructed by his
teacher, thus dreaded the teacher’s anger.
Q.2 What was more tempting to Franz rather than going to school?
Ans. Since Franz was not prepared with participles and was late for the school, he found warm and bright
weather with birds’ songs and Prussian soldiers drill much more tempting than going to school.
Q.3 Why were the villagers seated on the back benches?
Ans. All the village elders were seated on the back benches as a tribute to the teacher who had put in
40 years of sincere service. It was also their way of expressing regret for not learning their
mother tongue when they had the chance. They were also expressing their patriotism for and
solidarity with France
Q.4 Franz didn’t learn French. Whom did M. Hamel blame for it?
Ans. M. Hamel didn’t blame Franz for not learning but his parents who were not anxious to have him
learn. Instead they wanted him to work on a farm or at the mill to earn money. Even he blamed
himself for sending him to water the flowers instead of learning and for declaring holiday when
he wanted to go fishing.
Q.5 What did M. Hamel say about French language?
Ans. He said that it is the most beautiful language in the world, the clearest, and the most logical. He
requested them to guard it so that they could be united and fight back for their freedom.
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SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS
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Q.6 What happened when the church clock struck twelve?
Ans. The moment the church clock struck twelve, they started prayer in the church and the trumpet of
Prussian soldiers returning from the drill sounded under their window. M. Hamel stood up and
tried to speak but his voice was chocked. He gathered his strength and wrote on the black board
as large as he could – ‘Vive La France’ and dismissed the school.
Q.7 Why did Franz not go to school that day?
Ans. Franz started very late for school on that day. He had also not learnt the rules for the Participles
and M. Hamel was going to ask questions on Participles. He was in dread of M. Hamel’s
scolding. Therefore, Franz didn’t want to go to school on that day.
Q.8 What sights did Franz see on his way to school?
Ans. On his way to school, Franz found that the day was warm and bright. The birds were chirping at
the edge of woods; and in the open fields, the Prussian soldiers were drilling. When he passed the
town hall, there was a crowd in front of the bulletin board. Franz wondered what the matter could
be but he didn’t stop to read it.
Q.9 What did Franz wonder about when he entered the class that day?
Ans. On that day there was no noise outside the class. Then he saw that M. Hamel was wearing his
beautiful green coat, his frilled shirt and the little black cap. He wore that dress on inspection
and prize distribution days. Then he saw the elderly people sitting on the back desks. All these
sights put Franz in wonder.
Q.10 What usual noises could be heard in the street when the school began ? How was the scene
in the school in the morning of the last lesson different from that on other days?
Ans. Usually, when school began, there would be a great bustle, which could be heard in the street.
There would be noise of opening and closing of desks and the lessons repeated in a loud voice.
But on that particular day it was all very quiet. It was as quiet as Sunday morning.
Q.11 Who were the elderly persons sitting at the back benches?
Ans. The elderly persons sitting at the back benches were the old Hauser who was wearing his three
cornered hat, the former mayor, the former postmaster, and several others besides. Everybody
was looking sad. Hauser had brought an old primer and he held it open on his knees with his
spectacles lying across the pages.
Q.12 “What a thunderclap these words were to me!” What were those words and what was their
effect on Franz?
Ans. M. Hamel announced in the class that it was his last class. The orders from Berlin had come to
teach only German language in the schools of Alsace and Lorraine. These words came as a
thunderclap to Franz. Then he started liking his books and M. Hamel inspite of his cranky nature.
Q.13 How did Franz react to the declaration that it was their last lesson?
Ans. The words were like a thunderclap to Franz. He hardly knew reading and writing French. He
used to waste his time in useless activities. He always considered his books a nuisance. But after
hearing the declaration made by M. Hamel, he realized that they were his best friends whom he
couldn’t leave.
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English
Q.14 What had the narrator counted on to enter the school?
Ans. Usually, when the school began, there was a great bustle, which could be heard in the street.
There would be noise of opening and closing of desks and the lessons repeated in a loud voice,
the teacher’s ruler would be rapping on the table. The narrator had counted on the commotion to
get to his seat.
Q.15 What was the mood in the classroom when M. Hamel gave his last French lesson?
Ans. The mood in the classroom was that of sadness. There was pin drop silence in the class. Even the
old people of the village had come to attend the class. They had come there to thank M. Hamel
for his forty years of service.
Q.16 What happened when Franz heard his name called?
Ans. When Franz heard his name called, he understood that it was his turn to recite. His heart bounded
in excitement to utter everything he could, about participles. But he got mixed up on the first
words and stood there holding on the desk, heart beating fast and not daring to look up.
Q.17 What was the trouble with the people of Alsace according to M. Hamel ? Now what, he
thought, would give the Germans to mock at them?
Ans. According to M. Hamel, the people of Alsace used to shirk work. They often thought they had
plenty of time. But due to this attitude, they couldn’t learn their language any more. He said that
the Germans would mock at them saying that they pretended to be the French but couldn’t even
speak or write their language.
Q.18 What did M. Hamel teach his students on the last day of school?
Ans. First of all, he taught his students grammar. After grammar, the students had a lesson in writing.
Each student was given a new notebook. On each notebook, the words France and Alsace were
written in beautiful handwriting. After the writing, the children had a lesson in History.
Q.19 Franz was able to understand everything that day. Why?
Ans. On that day Franz was able to understand quite well. All that M. Hamel said seemed to him very
easy. Franz thought he had never listened so carefully and also M. Hamel had never explained
everything with so much patience.
Q.20 Write the substance of this lesson.
Ans. This lesson teaches us two very important values of life. First, a person should have knowledge
of his language and culture and second, he should never shirk his work. Franz is a young school
going boy. But he hates his school and teacher. He doesn’t have knowledge of even his mother
tongue-French. His teacher M. Hamel would often scold him and punish him for not doing his
homework, but all in vain.
And when the Prussians invade their country and ban the teaching and studying of the French
language, Franz comes to know the value of his language. He curses himself for not learning his
language. M. Hamel thinks most of the people of his village shirk work. They think they have
plenty of time to do any work. The students often put off learning till tomorrow. According to M.
Hamel when people are enslaved, as long as they hold fast to their language it is as if they have
the key to their prison. In this way it is M. Hamel who brings to light the values of life that this
story teaches us.
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LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS
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Q.21 What did M. Hamel tell the class before starting his lesson? What effect did it have on Franz?
Ans. M. Hamel told his students that it was the last lesson he was going to give the children. The
orders had come from Berlin to teach only German in the schools of Alsace and Lorraine. He
further said that the new teacher would come the next day. He wanted his students to be very
attentive.
These words were like a thunderclap to Franz. It was going to be his last French lesson. But he
hardly knew how to write it. Also, he would not be able to learn it any more. He was feeling
sorry for not learning his lessons. His books that seemed such a nuisance to him were now his old
friends that he could not give up. The idea that M. Hamel was going away for good made him
forget all about his ruler and how cranky he was.
Q.22 What did M. Hamel ask Franz to recite and what was the result? How did M. Hamel react to it?
Ans. M. Hamel asked Franz to recite the rule for Participles, but he hadn’t learnt it. However, he
wished he could recite the rule in a loud and clear voice, and without mistake. But he got mixed
up on the first words and stood there, holding on to his desk and not looking up.
M. Hamel told him that he would not scold him. He further said, his parents and he himself was
responsible to some extent for all that. His parents were anxious to put him to some work to have
some money and he would give his students a holiday when he wanted to go for fishing and
sometimes instead of teaching, he would ask them to water his plants.
Q.23 Give a brief character-sketch of M. Hamel.
Ans. M. Hamel was a teacher of the French language in a village of Alsace district of France. He had
been teaching French for the last forty years in that village. Everyone in the village had a great
respect for him. His students thought he was cranky, but we didn’t find him cranky in any part of
this story. He was very honest. When Franz failed to recite the rule for participles, he blamed
himself for giving children unnecessary holidays. He had great passion for his subject. He knew
that it was now the last day of his school and he had to leave the district the next day for good.
Even then he taught his students so well that they understood everything he had taught. He had
great love for the French language. He called it the most beautiful, the clearest and the most
logical language of the world. Indeed M. Hamel was a great patriot.
Q.24 Is it possible to carry pride in one’s language too far? Explain ‘linguistic chauvinism’:
Ans. ‘Linguistic chauvinism’ is a feeling of strong dislike or hatred towards other language that
seduces person to believe that his language is better than others in every term. This wrong belief
leads a person, a race and even a country to dislike the language of others. Powerful nations want
to impose their languages onto the weaker nations. As language is the sole preserver of history,
culture and arts of any nation or society, therefore attack comes first on language. To defend their
act of linguistic aggression, powerful ones air the theory of linguistic unity. But their hidden
sinister motive is not to bring unity and winning over others as friends.
They just want to display their superiority complex and bring disintegration and friction among
different communities. The linguistic community whose language is under threat mounts a strong
challenge to preserve their own language. But it should be kept in mind that every language has
its own beauty and we should be ready to embrace other languages also. Linguistic chauvinism in
its negative capacity should be discouraged in every possible way.
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Q.25 What do you think is the theme of the story ‘The Last Lesson’? What is the reason behind
its universal appeal?
Ans. Though the story discussed is located in a particular village of Alsace district of France which
had passed into Prussian hands. The story definitely has a universal appeal. It highlights the
invader’s desire to thrust forcefully his language and culture on the subjugated community and
taking away their language and also their identity. Taking away mother tongue and forcing
others to accept a foreign tongue is the first step of any colonial aggression.
To resist any such advancement, one needs to embrace his own language firmly. M. Hamel, the
French teacher of the school while giving his last lesson to the class advises them to love their
language and keep it alive. He says that when the people are enslaved, as long as they hold fast to
their language it is as if they had the key to their prison.
The Prussians has banned the teaching and studying of French but they can never take away the
love for the French language from the people. In this way the French people can retain their
identity even before such constant pressure from new rulers. The theme definitely does not
remain confined to the classroom of a school in Alsace district; rather it gathers a universal
significance; as a roadmap to counter foreign aggression.
Q.26 Everybody during the last lesson is filled with regret. Comment.
Ans. The order that only German would be taught in the schools of Alsace and Lorraine came as a
shock to the people. Everyone was taken over by regret for not learning more about their
language, French.
Villagers sitting on back benches during M. Hamel's class regretted not having gone to school.
Franz, a student who didn't like attending classes, regretted missing out on his lessons. Further,
M. Hamel too regretted giving holidays to students to go fishing and sending students to perform
chores around the school. Thus, everyone in Alsace and Lorraine was filled with regret during
the last lesson. This regret is a mark of people's respect for their culture, traditions and language.
EXTRACT BASED QUESTIONS
"My children this is the last lesson I shall give you. The order has come from Berlin to teach only
German in the schools of Alsace and Lorraine. The new master comes tomorrow. This is your
last French lesson."
1.
2.
3.
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Who is the speaker in the above lines?
(A) Franz
(B) Hauser
Where the order has come from ?
(A) France
(B) Berlin
In which language is the last lesson ?
(A) German
(B) American
(C) M. Hamel
(D) Wachter
(C) Lorraine
(D) Alsace
(C) French
(D) British
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It also shows longingness for the idea of "Vive La France".
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CBSE
4.
Speaker is speaking to _________.
(A) Franz
(B) villagers
(C) class
(D) soldiers
Ans. 1.C 2.B 3.C 4.C
QUESTIONS FOR PRACTICE
SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS
1.
Why was Franz unwilling to go to school?
2.
Why didn’t M. Hamel punish Franz, even though he was late?
3.
Mention the three changes that Franz noticed in the school?
4.
What announcement did M. Hamel make and what was its impact?
5.
What do you think was written on the bulletin board?
6.
Why did M. Hamel say about knowing one’s language is a key to prison?
7.
Whom did Mr. Hamel blame for not learning the French?
8.
What changes have taken place in the school in the last forty years?
9.
What did he mean by “Vive La France”?
10.
Do you think that the story touches upon the brutalities of war? Explain
11.
How does Hamel arouse patriotism in the people of Alsace?
12.
What does Franz mean when he thought: “Will they make them sing in German, even the pigeons?”
13.
If this had been M. Hamel’s first lesson, how do you think the school experience of the students
might have been impacted?
14.
Little Franz is the narrator of the story. The name ‘Franz’ means ‘from France’.
In what way does the story being told as a first-person narrative of Franz impact your reading and
understanding of the story?
Provide at least one evidence from the text to support your opinion.
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15.
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At the end of his last lesson, M. Hamel decides to leave a little note for each of his students for them
to find the next day at their desks. Based on your reading of the story, what might his note to Franz
read?
You may begin like this:
Dear Franz,
I know you have always preferred to run in the open fields …
LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS
1.
2.
3.
Write a note on the character of M. Hamel as a teacher.
What thunderbolt did the narrator receive on reaching the school? How did it affect him?
At the end of the last lesson M. Hamel wrote, ‘Vive La France’ on the board in bold letters.
Why do you think he wrote that and how did he expect the people of Alsace and Lorraine to keep
their identity intact?
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English
4.
5.
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6.
What were Franz’s feelings about M. Hamel and his French lessons? How did they undergo a
complete change?
Though tempted by the bright day, Franz stated that he had “the strength to resist, and hurried off
to school.” As the story progresses, the reader realizes that Franz, M. Hamel and the villagers
would perhaps need “the strength to resist” much larger forces.
Discuss how the story provides strategies for resistance and protection of one’s identity and
community through its events and characters. Provide relevant textual details to support your
argument.
On the day of the last lesson, Franz felt that the “whole school was strange”.
Throughout the story, the reader encounters Franz’ account of how school usually was, and what
it was like on the last day of class with M. Hamel. This contrast comes across through events,
and the actions and viewpoints of various characters.
• In what way can the story be seen as a comment on schooling in general?
• Does Franz’ description of school life resonate with your own experience?
• Do you think the story might also provide advice on what good education entails?
Substantiate your argument with relevant instances from the text.
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LESSON – 2
LOST SPRING:
STORIES OF STOLEN
CHILDHOOD
Anees Jung (1964) was born in Roukerla and spent her childhood and adolescence in Hyderabad.
She received her education in Hyderabad and in the United States of America. Anees Jung began
her career as a writer in India. She has been an editor and columnist for major newspapers in India
and abroad and has authored several books. The following is an excerpt from her book titled
Lost Spring : Stories of Stolen Childhood. Here she analyses the grinding poverty and traditions which
condemn these children to a life of exploitation.
THEME :The plight of street children forced into labour early in life and denied the opportunity of
schooling.
SUB-THEME :The callousness of society and the political class to the sufferings of the poor.
CHARACTERS :1. Anees Jung – Narrator/author
2. Saheb – e – Alam – Ragpicker and refugee from Bangladesh
3. Mukesh – child labourer and bangle maker
SETTING :Part-1 :
Slum of Seemapuri, a place on the periphery of Delhi.
Part 2 :
Firozabad
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HIGHLIGHTS
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The author examines and analyses the impoverished conditions and traditions that condemn
children to a life of exploitation; these children are denied education and forced into hardships
early in their lives.
The writer encounters Saheb - a rag picker whose parents have left behind the life of poverty in
Dhaka to earn a living in Delhi.
His family like many other families of rag pickers lives in Seemapuri. They do not have permits
to stay legally in India but ration cards.
The children do not go to school and they are excited at the prospect of finding a coin or even a
ten rupee note in the garbage.
Rag-picking is the only way of earning.
The writer is pained to see Saheb, a rag picker whose name means the ruler of earth, lose the
spark of childhood and roams barefooted with his friends.
One morning author encounters him moving towards tea stall, he works there and is paid Rs.
800 and meal. He sadly realizes that he is no longer his own master and this loss of identity
weighs heavily on his tender shoulders.
The author then writes about another victim, Mukesh who wants to be a motor mechanic.
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Hailing from Firozabad, the centre of India’s bangle making and glass blowing industry, he has
always worked in the glass making industry.
His family, like the others there, does not know that it is illegal for children to work in such
close proximity of furnaces, in such high temperatures.
They are exposed to various health hazards like losing their eyesight as they work in abysmal
conditions, in dark and dingy cells.
Mukesh’s father like his father worked hard but could not do anything except teaching his sons
the art of making bangles.
They lead a hand to mouth existence as they are caught in the vicious web of the money
lenders, middlemen, police, keepers of law and the traditions.
So burdened are the bangle makers of Firozabad that they have lost their ability to dream unlike
Mukesh who dreams of driving a car.
Scrounging
Hollow
Embarrassed
Perpetual
Desolation
Roam
Periphery
Wilderness
Devoid
Sewage
Crumbling
Wobbly
Discarded
Intently
Dingy
Loom
Hovel
Primeval
Slog
Stinking
Sizzling
Frail
Renovate
Lineage
Mounds
Unkempt
Shanty
Flickering
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-
Hunting, Foraging
Meaningless, Empty
Ashamed, Uneasy
Everlasting, Unending
Isolation, Bleakness
Wander, Saunter
Border, Margin
Wasteland, Wilds
Lacking, Wanting
Waste, Excrement
Collapsing, Dilapidating
Shaky, Rickety
Abandoned, Forsaken
Attentively, Keenly
Dark, Dirty
Hover, Overhang
Shack, Hut
Primitive, Aboriginal
Toil, Labour
Reeking, Stenching
Boiling, Hot
Weak, Delicate
Renew, Refurbish
Hereditary pattern, Line of descent
Heap, Pile
Untidy, Disordered
Ugly dwelling
Wavering, Twinkling
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GLOSSARY
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Drab
Sanctity
Auspicious
Dawn
Numb
Haul
Stigma
Impose
Regret
Hurtle
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Dull, Discoloured
Sacredness, Holiness
Favourable, Opportune
Emerge, Appear
Desensitize, Deaden
Pull, Drag
Disgrace, Dishonour
Enforce, Compel
Remorse, Compunction
Rush, Spurt
KEY LEARNINGS
1.
Employing children in perilous industries is life-threatening.
2.
The poor children are forced into hard labour right from their early childhood depriving them of
education and basic childhood needs.
3.
The story analyses the grinding poverty and traditions which condemn the poor children to a life
of exploitation.
4.
The bangle makers are caught in a vicious circle of middlemen.
5.
They accept their profession as a legacy handed down to them by God and never think of
breaking it.
6.
Majority of population in Firozabad is engaged in the engaged in the task of making bangles.
7.
The drudgery of work has destroyed their willingness to improve their lot.
8.
It is always the poor who are victimized.
9.
Small hands can handle a pen better than a tool.
N.B. – These points may prove helpful in framing your answers.
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MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS BASED ON EXTRACTS
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(A) "I will learn to drive a car," he answers, looking straight into my eyes. His dream looms like a
mirage amidst the dust of streets that fills his town Firozabad, famous for its bangles. Every other
family in Firozabad is engaged in making bangles. It is the centre of India's glass-blowing
industry where families have spent generations working around furnaces, welding glass, making
bangles for all the women in the land it seems.
Mukesh's family is among them. None of them know that it is illegal for children like him to
work in the glass furnaces with high temperatures, in dingy cells without air and light; that the
law, if enforced, could get him and all those 20,000 children out of the hot furnaces where they
slog their daylight hours, often losing the brightness of their eyes. Mukesh's eyes beam as he
volunteers to take me home, which he proudly says is being rebuilt.
(i) The simile 'dream looms like a mirage amidst the dust of streets' indicates that his dream
was _________
(a) a reality, yet seemed distant.
(b) lost in the sea of dust.
(c) illusory and indistinct.
(d) hanging in the dusty air.
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English
(ii)
'I will learn to drive a car,' he answers, looking straight into my eyes. This sentence
highlights Mukesh was _________
1. determined
2. fearless
3. hopeful
4. valiant
5. ambitious
6. stern
(a) 1 & 5
(b) 2 & 4
(c) 2 & 5
(d) 3 & 6
(iii) Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE with reference to the extract?
(a) Children work in badly lit and poorly ventilated furnaces.
(b) The children are unaware that it is forbidden by law to work in the furnaces.
(c) Children toil in the furnaces for hours which affects their eyesight.
(d) Firozabad has emerged as a nascent producer of bangles in the country.
(iv) Every other family in Firozabad is engaged in making bangles indicates that _________
(a) bangle making is the only industry that flourishes in Firozabad.
(b) the entire population of Firozabad is involved in bangle making.
(c) majority of the population in Firozabad is involved in bangle making.
(d) bangle making is the most loved occupation in Firozabad.
(B)
She still has bangles on her wrist, but no light in her eyes. "Ek waqt ser bhar khana bhi nahin
khaya." she says, in a voice drained of joy. She has not enjoyed even one full meal in her entire
lifetime-that's what she has reaped! Her husband, an old man with a flowing beard says, "I know
nothing except bangles. All I have done is make a house for the family to live in."
Hearing him one wonders if he has achieved what many have failed in their lifetime. He has a
roof over his head!
The cry of not having money to do anything except carry on the business of making bangles, not
even enough to eat, rings in every home. The young men echo the lament of the elders. Little has
moved with time, it seems in Firozabad, years of mind-numbing toil have killed all initiative and
the ability to dream.
'She still has bangles on her wrist, but no light in her eyes.' This implies that _________
(a) she is married but has lost the charm in her eyes.
(b) she is a married woman who has lost her grace and beauty.
(c) though she is married, her eyes are devoid of happiness.
(d) she is a married woman who has lost her eyesight.
(ii)
'He has a roof over his head!' The tone of the author is _________
(a) pessimistic
(b) empathetic
(c) sympathetic
(d) optimistic
(iii) Choose the term which best matches the statement 'The young men echo the lament of their
elders.'
(a) acceptance
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(b) reflection
(c) reiteration
(d) doubtfulness
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(i)
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CBSE
(iv) 'Years of mind-numbing toil have killed all initiative and the ability to dream'. This shows
that _________
(a) the bangle makers are exhausted yet they are enterprising and have dreams.
(b) the drudgery of work has destroyed their willingness to improve their lot.
(c) the daily grind has stolen the dreams of the bangle makers and made them dull.
(d) the bangle makers have been working so hard that there's no time to dream.
ANSWERS
(A) (i) - (c); (ii) - (a); (iii) - (d); (iv) - (c)
(B) (i) - (c); (ii) - (d); (iii) - (c); (iv) - (b)
NCERT QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
THINK AS YOU READ
Q.1 What is Saheb looking for in the garbage dumps? Where is he and where has he come
from? (Pg-17)
Ans. Saheb scrounged and explored the garbage dumps in search of 'gold'. He along with thousands of
other rag pickers resided at Seemapuri a slum on the periphery of Delhi. Along with his parents,
he had migrated from Bangladesh as their house and fields were swept away by repeated storms.
Q.2 What explanations does the author offer for the children not wearing footwear? (Pg-17)
Ans. The author had seen children walking barefoot, in cities as well as on village roads. They
explained it as a tradition but to the author it was no more than an excuse to hide their poverty.
To her, they were so poor that they could not afford even slippers or shoes.
Q.3 Is Saheb happy working at the tea-stall? Explain. (Pg-17)
Ans. Saheb was not happy working at the tea stall. There was fixed earning and food to satiate his
hunger but he had lost his freedom. Earlier, working as a rag picker, his earning was meagre, but
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he had enjoyed his work as he was not accountable to anyone. Now, after joining the tea stall he
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was no longer his own master.
Q.4 What makes the city of Firozabad famous? (Pg-20)
Ans. Firozabad is famous for bangle making industry. Every other family in Firozabad is engaged in
making bangles. It is the centre of India's glass blowing industry where families have spent
generation working around furnaces, welding glass and making bangles for women.
Q.5 Mention the hazards of working in the glass bangles industry? (Pg-20)
Ans. Workers in the glass bangle industry slogged their daylight hours working near hot furnaces in
dingy cells having no proper lighting and proper ventilation. At times they lost their eyesight
because of the dust emitted while polishing glass bangles. In Firozabad, children also laboured in
glass bangle industries where they fell prey to such hazardous working atmosphere.
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English
Q.6 How was Mukesh's attitude to his situation different from that of his family? (Pg-20)
Ans. Mukesh was willing to come out from the vicious circle and lineage of glass makers. He listened
to his tender heart to become a motor mechanic. He willingly took up the hardship to walk a long
way to the garage to acquire his necessary training and skills. Thus, he dared to fulfil his dream.
Q.1 What could be some of the reasons for the migration of people from villages to cities. (Pg-20)
Ans. With the passage of time, more and more people are migrating from villages to cities. The
pressure on the village has increased due to over-population, illiteracy and unemployment.
Moreover, with the advent of mechanized farming, landless labourers are compelled to migrate to
cities for job. In earlier days, agriculture was their main profession, but with extensive
industrialization and advanced education, the youth migrate to cities in search of job and
education. They do not want to stay in unhealthy and unhygienic rural surroundings. The village
crafts also have been replaced with modern machines. The market is full of competition, quality
and economical goods. The villagers fail to compete with the new system of extensive
industrialization and hence they fail to sell their products. Most of the time they get indebted due
to agricultural loans and end up losing their lands and properties. Lastly, due to urbanization, the
villagers migrate to cities to have a modern lifestyle for themselves.
Q.2 Would you agree that promises made to poor children are rarely kept? Why do you think
this happens in the incidents narrated in the text? (Pg-20)
Ans. We agree to the fact that promises made to the poor children are rarely kept. We organize
different talk shows to eradicate child labour, yet India accounts for the maximum number of
child workers in the world. Child labour inflicts physical and mental harm to the children. In the
lesson 'Lost Spring', the author presented a clear picture of children employed in rag-picking and
bangle making industry. She saw the plight of rag pickers and asked Saheb whether he would go
to a school if she opened one in the neighbourhood. Later, she felt embarrassed for making a
promise to a child that was never meant to be fulfilled. School had been a distant dream to the
Rag pickers of Seemapuri and child labourers of Firozabad. They were the soft and easy target of
exploitation of the sahukars, middlemen, policeman and the politicians. They were lured into that
profession killing all their initiative, drive and ability to dream in life.
Q.3 What forces conspire to keep the workers in the bangle industry of Firozabad in poverty ?
(Pg-20)
Ans. Anees Jung had rightly analyzed two distinct classes that operated in the town of Firozabad. The
first comprised of families caught in the lineage of making bangles. They had never thought
beyond their ancestral profession. They knew that their earning was meagre and it was difficult to
meet both ends.
The second strata comprised of sahukars, bureaucrats, policemen and shrewd politicians who
forced the children into child labor in hazardous environment of bangle making industry. Young
as well as old were trapped into this vicious cycle. If they raised a voice against this ongoing
system, they were hauled up by the police. They took it as a God given lineage that was never to
be broken. This thought had killed the initiative in them. They never thought of forming a union.
They had accepted it as their fate and never raised a voice to come out from the web of poverty
and clutches of bureaucrats.
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UNDERSTANDING THE TEXT
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CBSE
TALKING ABOUT THE TEXT
Q.1 How in your opinion, can Mukesh realize his dream? (Pg-20)
Ans. Mukesh can realize his dream by sticking to his aim; not getting deviated by the hurdles that
come in his way and persevering until he achieved his dream. He should also persuade his
parents, educated himself and learn the skill required.
Q.2 Mention the hazards of working in the glass bangle industry. (Pg-20)
Ans. Working in the glass bangle industry is quite hazardous. Workers spend long hours near the glass
furnaces operating under high temperature. They slog their daylight hours working in dingy cells
having neither proper lighting nor ventilation. Their eyes become more adjusted to the darkness
prevailing inside their workshop than the light and open air outside. Many a times they lose their
eyesight because of the dust emitted while polishing glass bangles. Even though child labour is
banned by law, children of tender age are mostly employed in this hazardous profession. They sit in
dark hutment along with their parents or elders giving shape to pieces of coloured glass to beautiful
round bangles. Working in such uncouth conditions make them more prone to accidents and also kill
their initiative to pursue their dream and break the shackles to come out from the lineage.
Q.3 Why should child labour be eliminated and how? (Pg-20)
Ans. Employment of child labour is an offense. It is banned under law. Yet it goes on unabated in
many cities and towns. It is hazardous in nature. It inflicts physical and mental harm which they
are neither able to understand nor express. Many a times, they lose or damage their vital organs
while working. They lose their innocence before they become adults. Slogging day and night
kills all their initiative, drive and desire to dream in life. They are even deprived of the school
education and proper growth. Employing children in perilous industries manufacturing fireworks,
bangle and carpet is life threatening. If any accident or disaster occurs, these children are totally
unaware of the means to protect themselves.
The only possible solution with the government and the society lies in punishing the exploiters
ruthlessly. The laws against child labour should become more strict and implemented in totality.
Only exemplary punishment can put an end to such a crime.
EXTRA QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
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SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS
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Q.1 What does Saheb do for living? Why?
Ans. Saheb is a rag picker. His family has left the life of poverty behind in Dhaka to pursue their
dream of finding a better life. The children like him have no access to education and are forced
into rag-picking.
Q.2 “Saheb is no longer his own master”, says the writer. What does she mean?
Ans. The writer means that having accepted the job at the tea-stall, Saheb lost the independence that
he had enjoyed as a rag picker despite being poor. Although he will now be able to supplement
the family income, it will be at the cost of his freedom, which is difficult, binding and unfair for
someone so young.
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Q.3 Why did people migrate from the village in Dhaka to Delhi?
Ans. There were many storms that swept away their houses and fields. Their lands became barren
making the conditions very difficult for these people to survive. So they migrated from the
village in Dhaka to Delhi in the hope for better education, job opportunities and living conditions.
Q.4 What trade does the family of Mukesh follow? Why does the writer feel that it’s difficult
for Mukesh to break away from this tradition?
Ans. Engaged in bangle making for decades, it is difficult to break away from this trade. He belongs to
the caste of bangle makers. His family is caught in the web of sahukars, the middlemen,
policemen, politicians and bureaucrats, from which there is no escape.
Q.5 What does garbage symbolize for the adults and children?
Ans. Garbage has a meaning different from what it means to their parents. For the children it is
wrapped in wonder, for the elders it is a means of survival.
Q.6 Who is Saheb? How can you say his name is ironic?
Ans. Saheb lives at Seemapuri, an area situated at the periphery of Delhi. He is a poor ragpicker. His
full name is Saheb-e-Alam. It means lord of the universe. But ironically, Saheb is so poor that he
can’t even afford buying footwear.
Q.7 Whom did the author meet every day? Where had that person come from and why?
Ans. Every day the author met a ragpicker named Saheb. He had come from Bangladesh. There were
many storms. These storms swept away their fields and homes. That is why he, along with his
parents, left his country
Q.8 What did Saheb find sometimes in the garbage? What did he do then?
Ans. Sometimes, Saheb found a rupee or a ten rupee note. When he found a silver coin in a heap of
garbage, he didn’t stop scrounging. He always hoped to find more. He had entirely different
meaning of garbage.
Q.9 What does the reference to chappals in “Lost Spring” tell us about the economic condition
of the rag pickers?
Ans. The rag pickers of the Seemapuri area, situated at the periphery of Delhi, are living in a very miserable
condition. They lack all the basic facilities of life. They are so poor that they can’t even afford to buy
chappals. But to conceal their poverty they say that it is their tradition to walk bare-footed.
Q.10 What promise did the author make to Saheb? Why had she to feel small?
Ans. Saheb used to roam here and there. The author advised him to go to school. But he said that there was
no school in the neighbourhood. At this the author said that she would start school. But she had made
this promise half-jokingly and was not at all serious about it. After a few days Saheb came to her to
ask if her school was ready. She felt small as her joke had been taken seriously by Saheb.
Q.11 How does the author describe the area of Seemapuri?
Ans. Seemapuri is situated at the periphery of Delhi. It is a sort of wilderness. Most of the people
living here are Bangladeshi immigrants. They live in structures made of mud, with roofs of tin
and tarpaulin, devoid of sewage, drainage or running water. They are about 10,000 in number and
most of these are rag pickers.
Q.12 What was the full name of Saheb? What did it mean? If he came to know the meaning of
his meaning what would be his reaction?
Ans. The full name of Saheb was Saheb-e-Alam. It meant lord of the universe. It would be difficult to
believe about the meaning of his name. He was not a lord at all. He was a poor ragpicker.
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English
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CBSE
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Q.13 Why did the children not wear any footwear? What explanation did they give for it?
Ans. The children were too poor to afford any footwear. They had become used roaming bare-footed.
Different boys gave different reasons for not wearing footwear. Some admitted that they couldn’t
afford them while the others said that it was their tradition to move bare-footed.
Q.14 Where have the people living in Seemapuri come from? Why don’t they go back?
Ans. The people living in Seemapuri have come from Bangladesh. It is a place of green fields. Their
land is very beautiful but it is frequently swept by the storms. They had to starve there. Therefore
they immigrated to India and do not want to go back.
Q.15 What was Saheb wearing one morning? Where did he get it?
Ans. Saheb was wearing tennis shoes one morning. They were the discarded shoes of a rich boy. There
was a hole in one of the shoes and thus that rich boy discarded it. But for Saheb who always
walked bare-footed even these shoes were like a dream come true.
Q.16 Where did the author see Saheb one morning? What was he doing there?
Ans. One winter morning, the author saw Saheb standing by the fenced gate of the neighbourhood
club, watching young men playing tennis. He would go inside when no one is around. The
gatekeeper allowed him to use the swing. But the game which he was watching so intently was
beyond his reach.
Q.17 Who is Mukesh? What does he want to become and why?
Ans. Mukesh is a young boy who belongs to a family of the bangle makers in Firozabad. He doesn’t
want to adopt his family profession. He wants to become a car mechanic. He has seen that bangle
making has given his family nothing but perpetual poverty. Therefore he wants to break away
from his family tradition of bangle making.
Q.18 What kind of locality does Mukesh live in?
Ans. Mukesh lives in a very dirty locality. The lanes there are stinking and choked with garbage. The
homes in the locality are no better than hovels. Their walls are crumbling, doors are wobbly and
there are no windows. There humans and animals live together.
Q.19 What does the author say about Mukesh’s house?
Ans. The author says that Mukesh’s house was like a half- built shack. In one corner of it thatched
with dead grass, was a firewood stove. The author saw Mukesh’s sister-in-law cooking food for
the whole family.
Q.20 What is the opinion of Mukesh’s grandmother about her husband?
Ans. Mukesh’s grandmother says that it is his (her husband’s) destiny that he was born in the family of
bangle makers. She calls it a god-given lineage which can’t be broken. This shows that she has
accepted her fate silently.
Q.21 What does the writer say about Savita?
Ans. Savita was a young girl. When the writer saw her, she was wearing pink dress. She was sitting
with an elderly woman. She was soldering pieces of glass. But she didn’t know the sanctity of
bangles, she was welding.
Q.22 Why can’t the bangle makers organise themselves into a co-operative?
Ans. The bangle makers can’t organise themselves into a co-operative because they have fallen into a
vicious circle of middlemen who had trapped their fathers and forefathers. If they get organised,
they are beaten and dragged to jail for doing something illegal.
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Q.23 Where had the rag pickers come from? What value of life had been conveyed through their
condition?
Ans. The rag pickers had come from Dhaka. There they had green fields. But there were many storms
that swept away their homes and fields. Therefore, they had to leave their country and come to
Delhi. In Delhi they are living a very hard life. They are living in Seemapuri, a place at the
periphery of Delhi. There they are living in the structures of mud, with roofs of tin and tarpaulin,
devoid of sewage, drainage or running water.
The value of life conveyed through their condition is that every government should take care of
their people. They should be provided better employment opportunities so that they are not
compelled to migrate to other country. In this lesson it has been shown that the indifferent
attitude of the Bangladeshi government has compelled its citizens to migrate to India.
Q.24 What does the writer want Saheb to do? She has to feel embarrassed later. Why?
Ans. Saheb is a rag picker. The writer sees him every morning. One day, the writer advised him to go
to school. Saheb told her that there was no school in the neighbourhood. He further said that
when one would be constructed, he would definitely go. The writer asked him, half-jokingly, if
she starts a school whether he would come.
Saheb replied in affirmative. After some days Saheb came running to her and said to her, “Is your
school ready?” the writer felt embarrassed at this because she had made a promise that was not
meant. The writer wants to say promises are made to the poor but they are never fulfilled. She
shows this fact by giving her own example.
Q.25 Give a brief account of the life and activities of the people like Saheb-e-Alam settled in
Seemapuri.
Ans. Seemapuri is located on the periphery of Delhi. It is a slum area. About 10,000 people live there.
They all are ragpickers and have come from Bangladesh in 1971. They are living in structures of
mud, with roofs of tin and tarpaulin, devoid of sewage, drainage or running water. They have
lived there for many years without permits but with ration cards that get their names placed on
voter lists and enable them to buy grain. Food is more important for survival than an identity.
Wherever they find food they pitch their tents that become their transit homes. They are involved
in ragpicking. It has acquired the proportions of a fine art. Garbage to them is gold. It is their
daily bread, a roof over their heads, even if it is a leaking roof. For children, garbage is a thing
wrapped in wonder. They often scrounge it to find some coins. On the whole we can say that the
people living there are living a very hard life.
Q.26 “For the children it is wrapped in wonder, for the elders it is a means of survival.” What
kind of life do the ragpickers of Seemapuri lived?
Ans. The ragpickers lived in the area of Seemapuri located at the periphery of Delhi. Those who live
here are the Bangladeshi immigrants. They came here way back in 1971. Seemapuri was then a
wilderness. It still is but it is no longer empty. In structures of mud, with roofs of tin and
tarpaulin, devoid of sewage, drainage or running water, live 10,000 rag pickers. They have been
living here without any identity. They have their names in the voter lists and they have got their
ration cards, which enables them to by grains.
Survival in Seemapuri means ragpicking. For the elders ragpicking is their profession and means
of livelihood. But for the children it is even more. For them it is a sort of wonder. They would
sometimes get a coin or even a ten-rupee note in the garbage. They consider ragpicking an
activity full of fun and excitement.
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LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS
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Q.27 ‘Garbage to them is gold; How do the rag pickers of Seemapuri survive?
Ans. About 10,000 Bangladeshi immigrants live in the Seemapuri area of Delhi. Seemapuri is located
at the periphery of Delhi. It is a wilderness. The rag pickers live in the structures of mud, with
roofs of tin and tarpaulin, devoid of sewage, drainage or running water. They have been living
here without any identity. They have their names in the voter lists and they have got their ration
cards, which enable them to buy grains.
Survival in Seemapuri means ragpicking. They do not know any other profession but rag picking.
They pitch their tents wherever they find food. Their entire life depends on ragpicking which is
their only means of income. On the contrary, in Bangladesh, even after having everything, they
had none. As a result they have to starve.
Q.28 How in your views can Mukesh realise his dream?
Ans. Mukesh is very different from the other members of his family. All the members of his family
have subsided themselves to the profession of bangle making and considered it their destiny. But
Mukesh wants to break these shackles of bangle making. He knows that the profession of bangle
making has given them nothing but poverty. Therefore he wanted to become a car mechanic.
He hoped to alleviate the poverty of his family in this way. The garage is quite far away from his
home. But he is determined to fulfil his dream. He says that he will walk all the way to the
garage. This shows that Mukesh is quite a rebellious and determined boy. He wants to break
away with his family profession of bangle making.
Q.29 The bangle makers of Firozabad make beautiful bangles and make everyone happy but
they themselves live and die in squalor. Explain.
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Ans. In Firozabad, almost every family is involved in the business of bangle making. Firozabad is the
centre of India’s glass-blowing industry. The families here have spent generations working
around furnaces, welding glass, making bangles for all the women in the land. But these bangle
makers are very poor. They can’t earn enough to afford even two square meals.
Even the children are forced to live in dingy cells without air and light. About 20,000 children
work in the glass-blowing industry. They are forced to work for very long hours and also in very
inhuman conditions. They often lose the brightness of their eyes. The bangle makers live a very
miserable life. Though they make everyone happy by making beautiful bangles, they themselves
live and die in very deplorable condition.
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EXTRACT BASED QUESTIONS
1.
2.
"Why do you do this?" I ask Saheb whom I encounter every morning scrounging for gold in the
garbage dumps of my neighbourhood. Saheb left his home long ago. Set amidst the green fields
of Dhaka, his home is not even a distant memory. There were many storms that swept away their
fields and homes, his mother tells him. That's why they left, looking for gold in the big city
where he now lives.
'Why do you do this?' This question was asked by the author to _____
(A) the bangle sellers (B) Mahesh
(C) Saheb
(D) Saheb's mother
Saheb's profession was that of a _____
(A) cook
(B) rag-picker
(C) bangle seller
(D) driver
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English
3.
4.
Saheb's home, before Delhi, was in _____
(A) Bengal
(B) Orissa
(C) Dhaka
Why did Saheb and his family move to Delhi?
(A) because storms had swept away their fields and homes
(B) their village was flooded
(C) there were landslides
(D) there was a deadly epidemic in the village
(D) Bihar
Ans. 1.C 2.B 3.C 4.A
QUESTIONS FOR PRACTICE
SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
What does the title of the story ‘Lost Spring’ imply?
Where has Saheb come from and why?
How is Saheb’s name full of irony?
“Promises made to poor children are never kept. “Explain with examples from the lesson.
Mention the hazards of working in the bangle industry.
Do you think Mukesh will realize his dream of becoming a car mechanic?
‘His dreams loom like a mirage’. Whose dreams are being referred to and why are they compared
to a mirage?
‘Together they have imposed the baggage on the child that he cannot put down.’ Who do ‘they’
refer to? What is the ‘baggage’ and why can the child not get rid of it?. How is Mukesh’s attitude
to his situation different from that of his family?
Why does the author describe children of slums as partners in survival?
How has being born in the caste of bangle makers become both a destiny and a curse?
Why do you think Mukesh is content to dream of cars and doesn’t dream of flying a plane?
Do you believe that ‘God-given lineage can be broken’? Support your position with a rationale.
How do you think the author’s life might have been impacted after her interactions with the
children and their families mentioned in ‘Lost Spring’?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
80
Like all children of his age, Saheb also had many hopes and dreams. Do you think children like
Saheb are able to fulfill their dreams?
Politicians exploit all people and situations to their own benefit. Comment, keeping in views the
situation of refugees in Seemapuri.
Saheb wants to blossom and bloom but is nipped in the bud. Elaborate.
‘Saheb and Mukesh are brothers in penury and suffering.’ Discuss.
How does the story, ‘Lost Spring’ highlight the apathy of society and those in power to end the
vicious cycle of poverty?
Support your answer with textual evidence.
Certain traditions and lineage, condemn thousands of children to a life of abject poverty and
choke their aspirations.
• Do you agree? Explain.
• How can we change this? Suggest some ways to tackle this issue.
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LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS
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CBSE
LESSON – 3
DEEP WATER
William Douglas (1898-1980) was born in Main, Minnesota. After graduating with a Bachelors of
Arts in English and Economics, he spent two years teaching high school in Yakima. However, he got
tired of this and decided to pursue a legal career. He met Franklin D. Roosevelt at Yale and became an
advisor and friend to the President. Douglas was a leading advocate of individual rights. He retired in
1975 with a term lasting thirty-six years and remains the longest serving Justice in the history of the
court. The following excerpt is taken from Of Men and Mountains by William O. Douglas. It reveals
how as a young boy William Douglas nearly drowned in a swimming pool. In this essay he talks about
his fear of water and thereafter, how he finally overcame it.
THEME :A real-life personal account of experiencing fear and the steps taken to overcome it.
SUB-THEME :Psychological analysis of fear.
CHARACTERS :1. William Douglas – narrator and author
2. Big bruiser boy
3. Instructor
SETTING :Y.M.C.A pool and Yakima
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HIGHLIGHTS
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William O. Douglas had a desire to learn swimming since childhood.
At the age of three or four, he was knocked down and buried by a wave at a beach in California.
He developed a great aversion to water.
At the age of ten or eleven he decided to learn to swim with water wings at the Y.M.C.A pool
since it was safe at the shallow end.
A misadventure-while sitting alone and waiting for others to come at the Y.M.C.A pool, a big
boy came and threw Douglas into deep end of the pool.
Douglas swallowed water and went straight down to the bottom of the pool.
While going down he planned to make a big jump upwards but came up slowly.
Stark terror seized him.
Tried to shout but could not.
As he went down the pool second time, he tried to jump upwards but it was a waste of energy.
Terror held him deeper and deeper.
During the third trial he sucked water instead of air.
Light was going out and there was no more panic.
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English
So he ceased all efforts and he became unconscious.
When back in senses he found himself vomiting beside the pool.
He was in the grip of fear of water and for years it deprived him of the joys of canoeing,
boating swimming and fishing.
Hired an instructor to learn swimming.
The instructor taught him swimming piece by piece.
He went to different water bodies to swim and found tiny vestiges of fear still gripped him.
He challenged the fear and swam.
Swimming up and down the Warm Lake, he finally overcame his fear of water.
He realized that in death there is peace and there is terror only in fear of death.
At last he conquered his fear of water and his will to live was stronger than fear of death.
Treacherous
Water wings
Subdued
Aversion
Overpowering
Revive
Aping
Bruiser
Yelled
Duck
Swallowed
Panicky
Flailed
Expending
Nightmare
Irresistible
Dizzy
Throbbed
Sheer
Stark
Awful
Oblivion
Wobbly
Seized
Handicap
Canoe
Haunting
Deprive
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-
Deceitful, Unsafe
Floatation device
Suppressed, Subjugated
Dislike, Hatred
Overwhelming, Irresistible
Bring back, Animate
Copying, Imitating
Bully, Rowdy
Shouted, Called out
Dip, Plunge
Gulp, Slurp
Frightened, Hysterical
Beat up, Struck
Spending, Outlaying
Bad dream
Uncontrollable, Untamable
Giddy, Unsteady
Pulsated, Pounded
Absolute, Complete
Plain, Clear
Unpleasant, Dreadful
Unconsciousness, Senselessness
Shaky, Trembling
Grab, Capture
Disability, Defect
Small and light boat pointed at both ends
Persistent, Unforgettable
Divest, Strip
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GLOSSARY
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CBSE
Slack
Vestige
Scare
Miniature
Conquered
Trails
Brush aside
-
Relax, Loose
Remains, Remnant
Frighten, Terrify
Small, Mini
Overcome, Surmount
Path, Course
Dismiss, Ignore
KEY LEARNINGS
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
The brave man is not he who does not feel afraid but he who conquers that fear.
Honest labour wins over all out fears.
Positive attitude and courage aid to achieve success in life.
Fear exists nowhere except in our psyche.
Fear incapacitates us not letting us use our potential to the full.
The story presents a psychological analysis of fear. It says that any fear is surmountable with
determination and perseverance.
N.B. – These points may prove helpful in framing your answers.
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS BASED ON EXTRACTS
(A) My breath was gone. I was frightened. Father laughed, but there was terror in my heart at the
overpowering force of the waves. My introduction to the Y.M.CA. swimming pool revived
unpleasant memories and stirred childish fears. But in a little while I gathered confidence. I
paddled with my new water wings, watching the other boys and trying to learn by aping them. I
did this two or three times on different days and was just beginning to feel at ease in the water
when the misadventure happened.
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(i)
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Choose the correct option with reference to the two statements given below.
Statement 1: The author's father laughed to mock his son's inability to swim.
Statement 2: The author wanted to swim just to prove to his father that he can swim.
(a) Statement 1 is true but Statement 2 is false.
(b) Statement 1 is false but Statement 2 is true.
(c) Both Statement 1 and Statement 2 cannot be inferred.
(d) Both Statement 1 and Statement 2 can be inferred.
(ii) "My introduction to the Y.M.CA. swimming pool revived unpleasant memories and stirred
childish fears." It can be inferred that this was a clear case of
(a) suppression
(b) oppression
(c) depression
(d) repression
(iii) The misadventure that took place right after the author felt comfortable was that
(a) the author slipped and fell into the swimming pool.
(b) a bully tossed him into the pool for the sake of fun.
(c) his coach forgot to teach him how to handle deep water.
(d) his father couldn't help him from drowning into the water.
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English
(iv) Choose the option that describes the equipment used by the author while learning to swim.
(a) Option 1
(b) Option 2
(c) Option 3
(d) Option 4
(B)
Then all effort ceased. I relaxed. Even my legs felt limp; and a blackness swept over my brain. It
wiped out fear; it wiped out terror. There was no more panic. It was quiet and peaceful. Nothing
to be afraid of. This is nice... to be drowsy... to go to sleep... no need to jump... too tired to
jump... it's nice to be carried gently... to float along in space... tender arms around me... tender
arms like Mother's... now I must go to sleep... I crossed to oblivion, and the curtain of life fell.
(i) Choose the correct option with reference to the two statements given below.
Statement 1: The author tried his best to jump out of water.
Statement 2: After a while, the author was not anxious in water.
(a) If Statement 1 is the cause, Statement 2 is the effect.
(b) If Statement 1 is the effect, Statement 2 is the cause.
(c) Both the statements are the effects of a common cause.
(d) Both the statements are the effects of independent causes.
(ii) The 'curtain (of life) fell' corresponds to an aspect of
(a) Geometry
(b) History
(c) Sports
(d) Drama
(iii) The purpose of using "…" in the above passage is to
(a) show omission
(b) indicate pauses
(c) shorten a dialogue (d) replace an idea
(iv) Which option indicates that the poet lost consciousness?
(a) 'It was quiet and peaceful.'
(b) 'I crossed to oblivion.'
(c) 'Tender arms like Mother's.'
(d) 'It wiped out fear.'
(A) (i)-(c), (ii)-(d), (iii)-(b), (iv)-(d)
(B) (i)-(a), (ii)-(d), (iii)-(b), (iv)-(b)
NCERT QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
THINK AS YOU READ
Q.1 What was the misadventure that William Douglas talked about? (Pg. 27)
Ans. William Douglas had just joined YMCA swimming pool and started feeling comfortable in the
water. One day he reached earlier and found no one around soon afterwards, an eighteen year old
big bruiser came, picked him up and tossed him into the nine feet deep end of the pool. He hit the
water surface in a sitting position. He swallowed water and went at once to the bottom. He nearly
died in this misadventure.
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ANSWERS
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CBSE
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Q.2 What were the series of emotions and fears that Douglas experienced when he was thrown
into the pool? What plans did he make to come to the surface? (Pg. 27)
Ans. The realization of being thrown into the pool did not make Douglas lose his wits immediately.
Although he was frightened, yet, he thought of a trick to come up to the surface but he couldn't
execute the trick successfully. He panicked and felt suffocated by the water. His senses gave
way, his heart pounded loudly, his limbs became paralyzed with fear, his mind became dizzy and
his lungs ached. He gulped a large amount of water while making desperate attempts to come out
of the water. Finally, he lost all his strength to keep struggling and he became unconscious.
Douglas had planned to allow himself to go down till his feet hit the bottom. He wanted to make
a big jump to come back to the surface like a cork. Then, he would lie flat on the surface of water
and paddle to the edge of the pool.
Q.3 How did this experience affect him?(Pg. 27)
Ans. The near to death experience of drowning had a very strong impact on his psychology. He was
deeply disturbed and shaken by the whole experience. A fear of water took control of his physical
strength and emotional balance for many years. As he couldn't bear being surrounded by water,
he was deprived of enjoying any water-related activity.
Q.4 Why was Douglas determined to get over his fear of water?(Pg. 29)
Ans. Douglas hated being deprived of enjoying water activities like canoeing, boating, swimming,
fishing, etc. His wish to enjoy them and the craving to regain his lost confidence, while being in
water, made him get after every possible way to get rid of his fear. He was finally able to
overcome this fear of his by getting himself a swimming instructor and further ensuring that no
residual fear was left.
Q.5 How did the instructor 'build a swimmer' out of Douglas? (Pg. 29)
Ans. The instructor worked gradually on Douglas' psychology. Then he slowly moved on to his
physical movements and each part to build a swimmer out of him. At first he made Douglas
swim back and forth across the swimming pool so that he could get used to it. He used an
elaborate mechanism with a rope, belt, pulley and an overhead cable to help him stay connected
with and in control of Douglas while he was in the pool. Then, one-by-one, he made Douglas
master the techniques of swimming, like putting his head in the water, exhaling and inhaling
while in water, movements of his hands, body, legs, etc. Finally, he integrated these perfected
steps into a whole experience of swimming for Douglas.
Q.6 How did Douglas make sure that he conquered the old terror? (Pg. 29)
Ans. Even after the swimming training was over, Douglas wasn't confident about his swimming. He
was not sure that he had overcome the fear. He was determined to completely get rid of it
forever. He swam alone in the pool. He went to Lake Wentworth to dive. There, he tried every
possible stroke he had learnt. He fought back the terror that gripped him in the middle of the lake.
Finally, in his diving expedition in the Warm Lake, he realized that he had truly conquered his
old terror.
UNDERSTANDING THE TEXT
Q.1 How does Douglas make clear to the reader, the sense of panic that gripped him as he
almost drowned? Describe the details that have made the description vivid. (Pg. 29)
Ans. Douglas takes us through his near to death experience at the Y.M.C.A. pool by detailing every
little aspect associated with it. He details us with the minutes of his emotional, mental and
physical struggle with the paralyzing fear of being drowned in the water. The first person
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English
narration of the incident also helps us to associate with his experience more deeply. Though he
did not lose his wits initially, he panicked when his strategy didn't work. His feeling of
suffocation, fear and losing hold on his senses make the readers experience what he did. His eyes
couldn't see beyond the dirty yellow water. His voice did not assist him. His nose and mouth took
water to the lungs. His limbs became paralyzed with fear and his mind went dizzy. His
desperation to save himself kept him struggling until he went down the third time and lost his
senses completely. All these details make the description vivid.
Q.2 How did Douglas overcome his fear of water? (Pg. 29)
Ans. At first, he tried to overcome his fear of water on his own. But when he failed, he got an
instructor for himself who worked on Douglas's fear very methodically. With his help, Douglas
began learning to be at ease in water. After this, he practiced exhaling-inhaling in water to
suspend the fear of putting his head inside the water. Then, he moved on to master individual
steps of swimming which were, finally, put together into a complete experience of swimming, by
his instructor. After about six months, Douglas could not only swim well but was, also free of his
fear to a great extent. At this stage, Douglas's journey of truly overcoming his fear began. He
swam alone in the pool. He went to Lake Wentworth to dive. He tried every possible stroke he
learnt. Finally, in his diving expedition, in the Warm Lake, he conquered his fear completely.
Q.3 Why does Douglas as an adult, recount a childhood experience of terror and his conquering
of it? What larger meaning does he draw from his experience? (Pg. 29)
Ans. Douglas recounts his childhood experience at the Y.M.C.A. pool to enable the readers to
understand the exact nature and intensity of the terror. The fear of being surrounded by the water,
the fear of putting his head in the water, the fear of choking and the fear of his limbs going numb
couldn't have been explained to a reader unacquainted with Douglas' childhood experience. In
that case, the elaborate strategy adopted by the author (and his instructor) and the time-taken by
him to learn or master even simple things, though put in the perspective of his fear of water,
couldn't have been understood properly.
By quoting Roosevelt, "All we have to fear is fear itself" Douglas indicates the larger meaning
that he draws from his experience. For him, the importance of life became evident when he
encountered death.
Q.1 All we have to fear is fear itself. Have you ever had a fear that you have not overcome?
Share your experience with your partner. (Pg. 30)
Ans. I must have been about nine or ten years old then. It was a normal day at school. We were being
taken to the swimming pool for our swimming class. We all changed and stepped down to water.
We started splashing water at each other when we did not find our instructor around. It was
during this time that I slipped inside the pool. I was almost next to being drowned that I caught
hold of the safety rope tied all across the pool wall. I caught hold of the same and tried to stand
up in water with all my strength. A friend of mine saw it all and came to my rescue. He informed
our instructor about it. Since then, I have had fear of water. The very sight of swimming pool
makes me freeze. I often go absent on the day we have swimming classes. My parents have had
counselled me a lot, they ensured their presence too at times but I dare not even step down in the
pool since then.
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TALKING ABOUT THE TEXT
E
CBSE
EXTRA QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS
Q.1 Why was YMCA pool considered safer when compared to the Yakima River?
Ans. Yakima River was very deep, treacherous and there were many cases of drowning but the
Y.M.C.A. pool was only two or three feet deep at the shallow end while nine feet at the deep end
but the drop was gradual. So Y.M.C.A. pool was considered safer when compared to the Yakima
river.
Q.2 When did his aversion to water begin?
Ans. Author was three or four years old when his father took him to California beach. When he was
hung on to his father in the surf, the waves knocked him down and swept over him. He was
terrified at overpowering force of the waves and feared water since then.
Q.3 What strategy did he remember as he went down the water?
Ans. While moving down and down endlessly in the pool, author planned a great jump upward like a
spring when he would hit the bottom and bob to the surface like a cork then he would move his
arms, thrash his legs, reach to the surface and be safe.
Q.4 What effect did the drowning in the Y.M.C.A. pool have on the Douglas?
Ans. Several hours after the incident, author walked home. He was weak and trembling. He shook and
cried when he laid on his bed. He couldn’t eat that night. For days a haunting fear was in his
heart. He never went back to the pool. He feared water. He avoided it whenever he could. It
deprived him of the joy of canoeing, boating and swimming.
EXTRACT BASED QUESTIONS
The Yakima River was treacherous. Mother continually warned against it, and kept fresh in my
mind the details of each drowning in the river. But the Y.M.C.A. pool was safe. It was only two
or three feet deep at the shallow end; and while it was nine feet deep at the other, the drop was
gradual. I got a pair of water wings and went to the pool. I hated to walk naked into it and show
my skinny legs.
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1.
E
2.
3.
4.
The writer decided to learn to swim when he was about _____
(A) ten or eleven years old
(B) fifteen or sixteen years old
(C) twenty years old
(D) eighteen years old
He decided to learn to swim in the pool at _____
(A) at school
(B) country club
(C) local club
(D) Y.M.C.A
His mother warned him against swimming in the Yakima River because _____
(A) Strong currents
(B) it was meant only for boating
(C) many people had drowned there
(D) it had no lifeguards around
At the shallow end Y.M.C.A pool was _____
(A) one foot deep
(B) four feet deep
(C) two or three feet deep
(D) five feet deep
Ans. 1.A 2.D 3.C 4.C
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English
QUESTIONS FOR PRACTICE
SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS
1.
Why did mother warn Douglas against River Yakima?
2.
What impact did the incident at California beach have on him?
3.
What made him decide that the instructor’s role in teaching him swimming was over?
4.
Why did Douglas go to Lake Wentworth in New Hampshire? How did he make his terror flee?
5.
What larger meaning did the experience have for him?
6.
How did he interpret Roosevelt’s saying?
7.
Seemingly small everyday wins are actually the greatest leanings of life. Comment on the
statement with reference to the chapter “Deep Water”.
8.
If you could give the chapter a new title, what would it be? Support your answer with reference
to the chapter “Deep Water”.
9.
Getting rid of fear is an extremely difficult task. Elucidate with reference to the chapter “Deep
Water”.
10.
Describe both the physical and emotional impacts that the misadventure at the YMCA pool had
on the narrator.
1.
What is the ‘misadventure’ that William Douglas speaks about? What were the series of
emotions and fears experienced when he was thrown into the pool? What plans did he make to
come to the surface?
2.
How did the instructor build a swimmer out of Douglas?
3.
Why does Douglas as an adult recount a childhood experience of terror and his conquering of it?
What larger meaning does he draw from his experience?
4.
Do you think the title Deep Water is appropriate to the story? Why/why not?
5.
Imagine that the bully who threw Douglas into the pool, reads this chapter and realizes his
mistake.
As the bully, write a dairy entry penning down your response to Douglas’ perseverance and your
own feelings of guilt and regret.
6.
Douglas’ mother writes to the YMCA authorities holding them accountable for the mishap as
well as demanding that the authorities employ a team of guards near the pool for supervision of
the children.
As the mother, write a letter to the authorities with reference to the case of your son.
You may begin like this:
Sir
Subject: Negligence on Premises
This is with reference to the incident of near fatal drowning of my son, William on your premises. We
were…
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LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS
E
CBSE
LESSON – 4
THE RATTRAP
Selma Lagerlof (1858-1940) was a Swedish writer whose stories have been translated into many
languages. A universal theme runs through all of them – a belief that the essential goodness in a human
being can be awakened through understanding and love. This story is set amidst the mines of Sweden,
rich in iron ore, which figure large in the history and legends of that country. The story is told
somewhat in the manner of a fairy tale.
THEME :The trap of material benefit that most human beings are prone to fall into.
SUB-THEME :The human tendency to redeem oneself from dishonest ways.
CHARACTERS :1. Peddler - Rattrap Seller
2. Crofter - Old man
3. Ironmaster – Owner of Ramsjo iron mill
4. Edla Willmansson – Ironmaster daughter
SETTING :Sweden, Ramsjo iron mill, ironmaster's house and crofter's cottage.
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HIGHLIGHTS
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The peddler was a vagabond who sold rattraps, begged and committed petty thievery to make both
ends meet. He had no worldly possession to call his own, not even a name.
It amused him to think of the world as a rattrap and all the material possessions as bait. The world,
he felt, was never kind to him. Moreover, he prided himself in the fact that he was out of it.
One dark evening when he was trudging along the road, he takes shelter at a crofter’s cottage. The
crofter welcomed him, gave him dinner, shared his pipe, played mjolis with him also confided in
him about his income and showed him where he put it.
Next morning, the Peddler stole the money and took the back roads to keep away from people and
got lost in the jungle at night. While wandering in the forest, he realized that he had also got caught
in the rattrap and that the money was the bait.
Finally he reached Ramsjo ironworks, where he took shelter for the night. The blacksmith and his
assistant ignored him but the master mistook him to be an old acquaintance and invited him home.
Though the Peddler didn’t correct the ironmaster, hoping to get some money out of him, he
declined his invitation.
The ironmaster then sent his daughter who persuaded him to come home with her. She noticed his
uncouth appearance and thought that he had either stolen something or escaped from jail.
The Peddler was scrubbed, bathed, given a haircut, a shave and a suit of the ironmaster.
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English
In the morning light, the iron master realized his mistake that peddler was not the Captain. He
wanted to call the Sheriff. The peddler got agitated and put his philosophy before ironmaster that
the world is rattrap and he too was sure to be caught in it. The ironmaster was amused but ordered
him to leave. The compassionate Edla convinced her father that he should be allowed to spend the
Christmas day with them.
The Peddler spent the whole of Christmas Eve eating and sleeping. The next day at church, Edla and
her father came to know that the peddler was a thief who stole thirty kronor from the poor crofter.
Back home, they found a letter addressed to Edla, signed as Captain Von Stahle and a rattrap as a
gift from the peddler. In the rattrap were the three ten kronor notes of the crofter.
At last he was able to clear himself and reciprocated in a Captain like way because of great
faith shown by Edla.
Petty
Rags
Vagabond
Bait
Unwonted
Snare
Dreary
Plodding
Crofter
Incredulous
Impenetrable
Descending
Despair
Staggered
Smelter
Groaned
Shovel
Sooty
Maw
Intruder
Dangling
Ragamuffin
Haughty
Consent
Slouch
Prominent
Deign
Acquaintance
Inconspicuously
Sneak
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Trifle, Trivial
Torn clothing
Vagrant, Tramp
Temptation, Lure
Unusual, Rare
Trap, Noose
Dull, Tedious
Trudge, Walk heavily
Tenant farmer, Small farmer
Suspicious, Doubtful
Impassable, Inviolable
Downward, Going down
Desperation, Hopelessness
Totter, to walk unsteadily
An apparatus for melting
Uttered a sound
Scoop, Shift
Black, Inky
Mouth, Opening
Prowler, Stranger
Hanging, Slinging
A shabbily clothed person
Proud, Arrogant
Permission, Approval
Drooping, Stooping
Important, Noted
Condescend, Act
Familiar person, Fellow
Unnoticeably, without attracting attention
Slip away, Steal away
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GLOSSARY
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CBSE
Valet
Abruptly
Compassionately Astonished
Foreboding
Puckered
Dissimulate
Rinds
Interceded
Preach
Fare
Blink
Jagged
-
Attendant, Servant
Suddenly, Snappily
Kindly, Pityingly
Surprised, Amazed
Premonition, Omen
Wrinkled, Creased
Disguise, Dissemble
Peel, Skin
Intervened, intermediated
Sermonize, Moralize
Food, Diet
Closing and opening the eyes rapidly
Uneven, Broken
KEY LEARNINGS
1.
2.
3.
4.
Compassion and empathy can arouse the essential virtue of human heart.
A man is not a born criminal rather criminality is a product of circumstances.
The world offers temptations in different forms which pull people into trouble.
Human beings are by nature social. Loneliness or being reclusive is against the basic human
nature so we always try to bond with others or seek companionship.
5.
The story provides glimpses into human nature of kindness, compassion, greed and forgiveness.
N.B. – These points may prove helpful in framing your answers.
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MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS BASED ON EXTRACTS
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(A) “Since you have been so nice to me all day long, as if I was a captain, I want to be nice to you, in
return, as if I was a real captain — for I do not want you to be embarrassed at this Christmas
season by a thief; but you can give back the money to the old man on the roadside, who has the
money pouch hanging on the window frame as a bait for poor wanderers.
The rattrap is a Christmas present from a rat who would have been caught in this world’s rattrap
if he had not been raised to captain, because in that way he got power to clear himself.
“Written with friendship
and high regard,
“Captain von Stahle.”
(i) Which of the following CANNOT be attributed to the peddler, according to the above
extract?
(a) indebtedness
(b) reform
(c) self-pity
(d) self-awareness
(ii) Why did the peddler gift a rattrap as a Christmas present?
(a) It was all the peddler had that he could give away, and represented his turn to honesty.
(b) It symbolized his successful escape from entrapment as he returned the stolen money.
(c) It served as a reminder for Edla to be wary of the dangerous temptations of the world.
(d) It was a practical and convenient present that the lady of the house could effectively use.
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English
(iii) This communication includes
(1) a promise
(2) regret
(a) only 4
(b) only 1
(3) an apology
(c) 1 & 3
(4) shame
(d) 2 & 4
…it was a big and confusing forest which he had gotten into. He tried, to be sure, to walk in a
definite direction, but the paths twisted back and forth so strangely! He walked and walked
without coming to the end of the wood, and finally he realised that he had only been walking
around in the same part of the forest. All at once he recalled his thoughts about the world and the
rattrap. Now his own turn had come. He had let himself be fooled by a bait and had been caught.
The whole forest, with its trunks and branches, its thickets and fallen logs, closed in upon him
like an impenetrable prison from which he could never escape.
(i) How would you characterise the mood of the above extract?
(a) mysterious, restful
(b) ominous, despairing
(c) thoughtful, whimsical
(d) philosophical, anguished
(ii) By what bait had the peddler been fooled?
(a) He had chosen to take the ‘safe’ forest route.
(b) He had decided to avoid the public highway.
(c) He had stolen money from the trusting crofter.
(d) He didn’t realize the power of his rattrap analogy.
(iii) The consequence of ‘his own turn’ having come was that the peddler had ___________
(a) got irreversibly lost in the thick, warped forest.
(b) been fooled and imprisoned in a hopeless prison.
(c) been walking around the same part of the forest.
(d) walked the whole forest without finding the end.
(iv) The above extract richly employs literary devices. Look at the table below. Choose the
option that correctly matches the instances/ examples in Column A with the literary devices
in Column B:
Column A
Column B
1. The forest closed in upon the peddler like an impenetrable (i) Imagery
prison.
2. The big and confusing forest with its twisted paths, trunks, (ii) Allegory
branches, thickets and fallen logs.
3. The lost peddler was reminded of the world and the rattrap.
(iii) Metaphor
4. It was a big and confusing forest which he had gotten into. (iv) Simile
The peddler had been fooled and was trapped in the forest.
(a) 1 - (i) ; 2 – (ii) ; 3 – (iii) ; 4 – (iv)
(c) 1 – (iii) ; 2 – (iv) ; 3 – (i) ; 4 – (ii)
(b) 1 – (iv) ; 2 – (i) ; 3 – (ii) ; 4 – (iii)
(d) 1 – (ii) ; 2 – (iii) ; 3 – (iv) ; 4 – (i)
ANSWERS
(A) (i) – c ; (ii) – a ; (iii) – c
(B) (i) – b ; (ii) – c ; (iii) – a ; (iv) – b
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NCERT QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
THINK AS YOU READ
Q.1 From where did the peddler get the idea of the world being a rattrap? (Pg. 34)
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Ans: The peddler had been thinking of his rattraps when suddenly he was struck by the idea that the
whole world was nothing but a big rattrap. It existed only to set baits for people. It offered riches
and joys, shelter and food, heat and clothing in the same manner as the rattrap offered cheese and
pork. As soon as someone let himself be tempted to touch the bait, it closed in on him, and then
everything came to an end.
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Q.2 Why was the peddler amused by this idea? (Pg. 34)
Ans: One evening when the peddler was plodding along the road, he was fallen into a line of thought
which seemed to him quite amusing. He felt a strange similarity between the world and the
rattrap. The world offers bait to people just as the rattrap offers cheese rinds and bits of pork.
Q.3 Did the peddler expect the kind of hospitality that he received from the crofter? (Pg. 34)
Ans: The crofter served him porridge for supper and tobacco for his pipe. He also played a game of
cards with him till bed time. This hospitality was unexpected as people usually made sour faces
when the peddler asked for shelter.
Q.4 Why was the crofter so talkative and friendly with the peddler? (Pg. 34)
Ans: The crofter’s circumstances and temperament made him so talkative and friendly with the
peddler. Since he had no wife or child, he was happy to get someone to talk to in his loneliness.
Secondly, he was quite generous with his confidences.
Q.5 Why did he show the thirty kronor to the peddler? (Pg. 34)
Ans: The crofter had told the peddler that by supplying his cow’s milk, he had received thirty kronor
in payment. The peddler seemed to doubt it. So, in order to assure his guest of the truth he
showed the thirty kronor to the peddler.
Q.6 Did the peddler respect the confidence reposed in him by the crofter? (Pg. 34)
Ans: No, the peddler did not respect the confidence reposed in him by the crofter. At the very first
opportunity that he got, he smashed the window pane, took out the money and hung the leather
pouch back in its place. Then he went away.
Q.7 What made the peddler think that he had indeed fallen into a rattrap? (Pg. 37)
Ans: The peddler realised that he must not walk on the public highway with the stolen money in his
pocket. He went into the woods. He kept walking without coming to the end of the wood. Then he
realised that he had fallen in the rattrap. He had let himself be fooled by a bait and had been caught.
Q.8 Why did the ironmaster speak kindly to the peddler and invite him home? (Pg. 37)
Ans: The ironmaster walked closely up to the peddler. In the uncertain reflection from the furnace, he
mistook the man as his old regimental comrade, Captain Von Stahle. He addressed the stranger
as Nils Olof, spoke very kindly and invited him home.
Q.9 Why did the peddler decline the invitation? (Pg. 37)
Ans: The peddler knew that the ironmaster had mistaken him for his old regimental comrade.
Secondly, he had stolen money i.e. thirty kronor. Going to the ironmaster’s residence would be
like entering the lion’s den. So, he declined the invitation.
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Q.10 What made the peddler accept Edla Willmansson’s invitation? (Pg. 41)
Ans: Miss Edla Willmansson looked at the peddler quite compassionately. She noticed that the man
was afraid. She assured him that he would be allowed to leave just as freely as he came. She
requested him to stay with them over Christmas Eve. Her friendly manner made the peddler feel
confidence in her and accept her invitation.
Q.11 What doubts did Edla have about the peddler? (Pg. 41)
Ans: As Edla lifted the peddler’s hat, he jumped up abruptly and seemed to be quite frightened. Even
her kind looks, disclosure of her name and purpose of visit failed to calm him. From his fear, she
thought that either he had stolen something or he had escaped from jail.
Q.12 When did the ironmaster realise his mistake? (Pg. 41)
Ans: Finally, the stranger was cleaned and well-dressed. The valet had bathed him, cut his hair and
shaved him. He was led to the dining room for breakfast. The ironmaster saw him in broad
daylight. It was impossible to mistake him for an old acquaintance now. Then the ironmaster
realised his mistake and threatened to call the Sheriff.
Q.13 What did the peddler say in his defence when it was clear that he was not the person the
ironmaster had thought he was?(Pg. 41)
Ans. The peddler defended himself by arguing time and again that he had never told that he was a
captain or the old comrade of the ironmaster. In fact he had repeatedly declined the ironmaster's
invitation to spend the Christmas night at the manor house and it was the iron master only who
forced him to visit his house.
Q.14 Why did Edla still entertain the peddler even after she knew the truth about him? (Pg. 41)
Ans: Edla did not think it proper on their part to chase away a human being whom they had asked to
come to their house and had promised him Christmas cheer. She understood the reality of the
peddler’s life and wanted him to enjoy a day of peace with them. Hence, she still entertained the
peddler even after knowing the truth about him.
Q.15 Why was Edla happy to see the gift left by the peddler? (Pg. 42)
Ans: As soon as Edla opened the package of the gift, the contents came into view. She found a small
rattrap with three wrinkled ten kronor notes and a letter addressed to her. The peddler wanted to
be nice in return as she had been so nice to him all day long. He did not want her to be
embarrassed at the Christmas season by a thief. The gift was a proof that peddler had eventually
mended his ways and her decision had proved to be correct.
Q.16 Why did the peddler sign himself as Captain Von Stahle?(Pg. 42)
Ans. The tramp, though illiterate and a thief, found himself raised to the level of a captain through
Edla’s kindness and compassion, he got a chance to redeem himself, hence he signed the letter as
Captain Von Stahle.
UNDERSTANDING THE TEXT
Q.1 How does the peddler interpret the acts of kindness and hospitality shown by the crofter,
the iron master and his daughter? (Pg. 43)
Ans: The peddler interprets the acts of kindness and hospitality shown by the crofter, the iron master
and his daughter differently. He cheats the crofter as he provides him company in his loneliness
and helps him pass time. He wants to get a couple of kronors from the iron master and is
surprised at the contrasting style of behaviour of father and daughter. He is touched by the
kindness, care and intervention of Edla on his behalf.
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Q.2 What are the instances in the story that show that the character of the ironmaster is
different from that of his daughter in many ways? (Pg. 43)
Ans. Edla and her father were individuals of different natures. Edla had more convincing power than
her father and was able to persuade the peddler to accept the invitation. We also read that the
ironmaster's hospitality was limited to his old comrade. But, the daughter was from her deep
heart pained by the plight of the peddler and continued to treat him well even after the truth
about his identity was revealed. Again, after coming to know about the robbery of the crofter's
money at the prayer service at church, while the ironmaster was more concerned with the
possibility of the peddler robbing them as well, the daughter is more pained by the betrayal of her
trust. We also find that while the father was impulsive and reckless in nature, the behaviour of the
daughter was more mature and controlled.
Q.3 The story has many instances of unexpected reactions from the characters to others’
behaviour. Pick out instances of these surprises. (Pg. 43)
Ans: The peddler is surprised at the warm welcome, generous supper, cheerful company and intimate
confidences by the crofter. The ironmaster addresses the peddler as Captain Von Stahle. He is
surprised when the ironmaster calls him "Nils Olof". The ironmaster assumes his declining the
invitation is a result of embarrassment caused by his miserable clothing. The peddler’s
comparison of the world to a rattrap makes the ironmaster laugh and he drops the idea of calling
in the sheriff. The peddler looks at Edla in boundless amazement when she tells him that the suit
is a Christmas present. She also invites him to spend next Christmas with them. She does all this
even after knowing the mistake about his identity. The crofter is robbed by his guest, the rattrap
peddler, in return of his hospitality, which is also a source of surprise.
Q.4 What made the peddler finally change his ways? (Pg. 43)
Ans: Edla Willmansson treated the tramp in a friendly manner. She was nice and kind to her. She
interceded on his behalf when her father was about to turn him out. She still entertained the
peddler even after knowing the truth about him. She offered him the suit as Christmas present
and invited him to spend the next Christmas with them. Her love and understanding aroused the
essential goodness in the peddler and finally he changed his ways.
Q.5 How does the metaphor of the rattrap serve to highlight the human predicament? (Pg. 43)
Ans: The world entices a person through the various good things of life such as riches and joys, shelter
and food, heat and clothing. These are just like the baits in the rattrap. Once someone is tempted
by the bait, the world closes in on him. The peddler was tempted by thirty kronor of the crofter. It
makes him hide himself. He walks through the wood. He is afraid to go to the manor house. He
gets peace only after returning the bait (money).
Q.6 The peddler comes out as a person with a subtle sense of humour. How does this serve in
lightening the seriousness of the theme of the story and also endear him to us? (Pg. 43)
Ans: The peddler has a subtle sense of humour, which is revealed during his interactions with the
ironmaster and his daughter after the truth about him becomes known. He is neither afraid of
being turned out in cold in rags nor of being sent to prison. He makes the ironmaster laugh with
his metaphor of the rattrap. His letter with the Christmas present to Edla is a fine example of his
capacity to make others laugh at him. Thus, he lightens the seriousness of the theme of the story
and also endears himself to us.
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English
Q.1 The reader’s sympathy is with the peddler right from the beginning of the story. Why is
this so? Is the sympathy justified? (Pg. 43)
Ans: The peddler wins our sympathy for his way of life and how the world treats him. It is an admitted
fact that the underdog always runs away with sympathy, so does the peddler with the rattraps. He
begs the wire like material for his rattraps. His business not being specially profitable, he resorts
to begging and petty thievery to keep body and soul together. His life is sad and monotonous. He
plods along the road lost in his own meditation. The world has never been very kind to him and
he feels happy in calling it a rattrap. Whenever, he asks shelter for the night, he meets sour faces.
He is an unwelcome, unwanted and undesirable figure. The blacksmiths at forge glance at him
only casually and indifferently. The master blacksmith nods a haughty consent without
honouring him with a single word. The old and lonely crofter finds him an enjoyable company.
The ironmaster mistakes him for an old regimental comrade. Only Edla Willmansson behaves
with him in a kind and friendly manner. Her nice treatment arouses the tramp’s goodness. He
redeems himself by returning the stolen money and wins our admiration. Thus, we see that the
sympathy is not only well earned but well justified too.
Q.2 The story also focuses on human loneliness and the need to bond with others. (Pg. 43)
Ans: There are at least three characters in the story who suffer from loneliness and express the need to
bond with others. They represent three strata of the human society as well. The peddler with the
rattraps, the old crofter and the ironmaster all suffer from loneliness. The peddler is called a
tramp, a vagabond and stranger at various points of the story. He moves wearily from one place
to the other. He is lost in his own thoughts. He seeks shelter for night and people look at him with
sour faces. Even the blacksmith looks haughtily at him and nod consent. The old crofter suffers
from loneliness as he has neither wife nor child with him. Hence, he feels happy when he gets the
peddler to talk to in his loneliness. The ironmaster is also lonely in his manor house. His wife
Elizabeth has died and his sons are abroad. There is no one at home except his oldest daughter
and himself. His requests to Captain Von Stahle to accompany him show his need for human
bonding. He admits frankly that they didn’t have any company for Christmas. The stranger turns
down the request not because he is against bonding with others but because he fears being
caught with stolen money.
Q.3 Have you known/heard of an episode where a good deed or an act of kindness has changed
a person’s view of the world? (Pg. 43)
Ans: Yes, I know how the kindness of a Bishop transformed a hard-hearted beastly convict into a man
again with faith in God and human values. The story is presented in the form of a famous play
‘The Bishop’s Candlesticks’. The Bishop provides food and shelter at midnight to a runaway
convict who threatens him with a knife. Long years of imprisonment and harsh treatment in the
prisonship transform the man into beast and he is devoid of all human feelings. The convict runs
away with the Bishop’s silver candlesticks, but is caught by the police. In order to save the
convict from further punishment and torture, the Bishop tells the police officer that the fellow is
his friend and he has himself given him the candlesticks. This kind act of the Bishop melts the
hard heart of the convict. He sobs and weeps. He promises to be a man again.
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TALKING ABOUT THE TEXT
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Q.4 The story is both entertaining and philosophical. Discuss. (Pg. 43)
Ans: The story entertains us by providing glimpses into human nature and how people react to various
situations. The actions of the peddler after stealing thirty kronor are quite amusing. The reactions
of the blacksmiths to the tramp’s request for shelter show how casual and indifferent human
beings can be. The U-turn in the ironmaster’s attitude towards the stranger reveal how selfish and
ignorant human beings can be. Mistaking the vagabond for his old regimental comrade, whom he
thinks he has run across unexpectedly, he asks the stranger to accompany him home and spend
Christmas with them. When the stranger refuses to go with him, the ironmaster sends his
daughter. With her better persuasive power, she makes him follow her. The ironmaster is
annoyed on seeing the stranger in broad daylight. But instead of realising his own mistake, he
puts the blame on the man. He talks of handing him over to the sheriff. The metaphor of the
world being a rattrap saves the situation for the tramp, but the ironmaster wants to turn him out.
His daughter’s comments are quite entertaining and philosophical. She wants the tramp to enjoy
a day of peace. Secondly, she does not want to chase away a person whom they had invited home
and had promised Christmas cheer.
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WORKING WITH WORDS
Q.1 The man selling rattraps is referred to by many terms such as “peddler, stranger” etc. Pick
out all such references to him. What does each of these labels indicate of the context or the
attitude of the people around him. (Pg. 43)
Ans: Initially, the man who went around selling small rattraps of wire is called a vagabond’ for he
plodded along the road, left to his own meditations. He is referred to as “stranger” by the narrator
while describing his meeting with the old crofter. When he leaves the next day he is described as
“the man with rattraps.’ When he returns half an hour later to steal money he is called ‘the rattrap
peddler.’ For the blacksmiths at the forge he is an intruder. The narrator then, refers to him as a
‘tramp’. For the rich ironmaster he is a “ragamuffin’. Since he had never seen the ironmaster or
known his name, the man with rattraps is called a ‘stranger’. He is described as ‘stranger’ while
he stretches himself out on the floor when the ironmaster leaves. The label sticks to him during
his stay at the manor house as a guest. These descriptions also suggest the degree of social
difference between the persons and the peddler of rattrap and their attitude towards him.
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EXTRA QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS
Q.1 Why did the peddler choose to go through the forest?
Ans. After stealing the thirty kronor from the crofter, the peddler knew that he would be caught and
put in prison if he continued to walk by the main road. So he chose the back roads that went
through the forest.
Q.2 Why did the peddler not reveal his true identity when the ironmaster mistook him to be the
Captain?
Ans. The peddler thought that the ironmaster might take pity on him, give him some money if he
thought he was an old acquaintance. So he kept quiet and allowed the iron master to presume that
he was the captain.
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Q.3 Why did it please the tramp to compare the world to a rattrap?
Ans. The world was not very kind to the tramp so it gave him unwonted pleasure to think of it as a
rattrap.
Q.4 How did the tramp make his living? What idea do you get about him from the way he
earned to keep his body and soul together?
Ans. The tramp earned his living by making and selling rattraps that he made himself at odd moments
from the material that he begged from here and there. His endeavour to earn a living in this way
shows that he was enterprising, hardworking and he wanted to avoid begging.
Q.5 Briefly describe the vagabond of "The Rattrap".
Ans. The vagabond had an emaciated body and his cheeks were sunken. Hunger, want and starvation
were writ large on his face. He went about in rags with a bunch of rattraps dangling on his chest.
Unkempt hair, unshaven face and unbathed body made him look repulsive and he was shooed
away wherever he went.
Q.6 Generally speaking, how did the world treat the tramp?
Ans. The tramp was treated with great contempt. He was not welcomed anywhere. Infact, he was
chased away wherever he went. Even if someone granted him a favour, he couldn't see anything
better than scorn and indifference in the eyes of his benefactor.
Q.7 How did the ironmaster interpret the peddler's refusal to accept his invitation to the manor
house?
Ans. The ironmaster had no doubt in his mind about the identity of the tramp. He thought that his
guest, whom luck had ill-treated, was embarrassed to go to manor house in rags. Since, he had
seen bitter days, his dilapidated state prevented him from accepting his invitation.
Q.8 What did the ironmaster plan to do for the so called Captain?
Ans. The ironmaster planned to feed his emaciated friend well and get some flesh on his body. He also
decided to help him do something more worthwhile and respectable for earning his living than
just go about making and selling rattraps.
Q.9 What was the content of the letter written by the peddler to Edla?
Ans. The peddler wrote that since she had treated him like a captain, he wanted to be nice to her in
return. He did not want to embarrass her with the thought that she had invited a thief over for
Christmas. He returned the thirty kronor of the crofter and requested her to return the stolen
money. The letter read that the rattrap was a Christmas present from a rat who would have been
caught in the world’s rattrap if he had not been raised to the status of a captain which motivated
him to reform himself.
EXTRACT BASED QUESTIONS
(A) One dark evening as he was trudging along the road he caught sight of a little gray cottage by the
roadside, and he knocked on the door to ask shelter for the night. Nor was he refused. Instead of
the sour faces which ordinarily met him, the owner who was an old man without wife or child,
was happy to get someone to talk to in his loneliness. Immediately he put the porridge pot on the
fire and gave him supper; then he carved off such a big slice from his tobacco roll that it was
enough both for the stranger's pipe and his own. Finally he got out an old pack of cards and
played 'mjolis' with his guest until bedtime.
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Q.1 Whom does 'he' refer to in line 1?
(A) Edla
(B) Iron master
Q.2 Why did 'he' go to the cottage?
(A) To meet his friend (B) To ask for shelter
Q.3 Why was the old man happy to see 'he'?
(A) He got someone to talk to in his loneliness.
(C) He had brought money to help the old man
Q.4 What does 'sour faces' refer to?
(A) Welcoming
(B) Depressed
Ans. 1.(D)
(B)
2.(B)
3.(A)
(C) The old man
(D) The rattrap maker
(C) To play 'mjolis'
(D) To eat dinner
(B) He was old man's long lost friend
(D) He was old man's son
(C) Unfriendly
(D) Convivial
4.(C)
Surely it was nothing unusual for poor vagabonds without any better shelter for the night to be
attracted to the forge by the glow of light which escaped through the sooty panes, and to come in
to warm themselves in front of the fire. The blacksmiths glanced only casually and indifferently
at the intruder. He looked the way people of his type usually did, with a long beard, dirty, ragged,
and with a bunch of rattraps dangling on his chest.
Q.1 What was usual for the poor vagabonds?
(A) To be goldsmiths
(B) To attract to the forge for any better shelter for the night.
(C) To be a blacksmith
(D) Both (a) and (c).
Q.2 Why do poor vagabonds take shelter for?
(A) To warm themselves
(B) To get some food
(C) To steal
(D) All of the above
Q.3 How do blacksmiths react at the poor vagabonds?
(A) Glance at them
(B) Shout at them
(C) Fight with them (D) Laugh at them
Q.4 What was the usual appearance of such people like vagabond?
(A) Long beard
(B) Ragged
(C) Dirty
(D) All of the above
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Ans. 1.(B)
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2.(D)
3.(A)
4.(D)
(C) She entered, followed by a valet, carrying on his arm a big fur coat. She was not at all pretty, but
seemed modest and quite shy. In the forge everything was just as it had been earlier in the
evening. The master blacksmith and his apprentice still sat on their bench, and iron and charcoal
still glowed in the furnace. The stranger had stretched himself out on the floor and lay with a
piece of pig iron under his head and his hat pulled down over his eyes. As soon as the young girl
caught sight of him, she went up and lifted his hat. The man was evidently used to sleeping with
one eye open. He jumped up abruptly and seemed to be quite frightened.
Q.1 Whom does 'she' refer to?
(A) Edla Willmansson (B) Kamla Das
(C) Sudha Murthy
(D) Emila Willmansson
Q.2 How did the man react when 'she' approached him?
(A) He was pleased
(B) He was indifferent (C) He was annoyed (D) He was frightened
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English
Q.3 Choose the correct option with reference to two statements given below.
Statement-1 : Edla was not at all pretty but modest.
Statement-2 : The stranger got power to clear himself.
(A) Statement-1 is the cause of statement-2.
(B) Statement-2 is not the effect of Statement-1.
(C) Statement-1 and statement-2 are independent of each other.
(D) Statement-2 is the effect of statement-1.
Q.4 Name the author of the story.
(A) Sema Lagerlof
(B) Selima Lagerlof (C) Selma Lagerlof
(D) Selma Lagerloph
Ans. 1.(A)
2.(D)
3.(C)
4.(C)
QUESTIONS FOR PRACTICE
SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
“The world was a rattrap and the peddler himself became a victim of it”. Elucidate.
The rattrap exemplifies the truth that essential goodness of human can be awakened through
understanding and love. Discuss
The story focuses on human loneliness and the need to bond with others. Explain.
Why was the crofter so talkative and friendly with peddler?
Why did the rattrap seller develop negative view of the world?
Why did the peddler decline the iron master’s invitation?
Edla is a better judge than her father. Do you think so? Why/why not?
Why did the peddler defend himself against not having revealed his true identity?
If the world is “nothing but a big rattrap” as the tramp stated in the story ‘The Rattrap’, who
might the rattrap peddler be? Discuss.
Despite his philosophical insights, the vagabond fails to resist temptations. What would you
attribute this to? Explain with reference to any instance from the text.
Do you think the story reinforces a stereotype that women are more trusting, forgiving and less
practical than men? Comment with reference to Edla’s actions in the story.
What might be the significance of setting the story’s events during Christmas? Justify your
opinion.
LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS
1.
2.
3.
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‘The essential virtue of human heart can be aroused through compassion and empathy.’ How far
has the meaning of this statement been exemplified in the story ‘The Rattrap’
It has been understood from the story ‘The Rattrap’ that the compassion, empathy and
unconditional love and trust of Edla Willmanson only could win the heart of the rattrap seller to
reclaim him to be an honest and upright individual at last.
How would you compare the peddler’s actions in relation to the crofter and Edla?
Would you say kindness does not always beget kindness, and that the conditions for receiving
kindness are important for it to truly transform people? Elaborate.
Provide relevant textual details to support the analysis.
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2.
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LESSON – 5
INDIGO
Louis Fischer (1896-1970) was born in Philadelphia. He served as a volunteer in the British Army
between 1918 and 1920. Fischer made a career as a journalist and wrote for The New York Times, The
Saturday review and for European and Asian publications. He was also a member of the faculty at
Princeton University. The following is an excerpt from his book-The Life of Mahatma Gandhi. The book
has been reviewed as one of the best books ever written on Gandhi by times Educational Supplement.
THEME :The leadership shown by Mahatma Gandhi to secure justice for oppressed people through
convincing argumentation and negotiation.
SUB-THEME :Contributions made by anonymous Indians to the freedom movement.
CHARACTERS :1. Louis Fischer – narrator and author
2. Mahatma Gandhi
3. Raj Kumar Shukla – Sharecropper
4. Rajendra Prasad
5. Lawyers
6. Charles Freer Andrews
SETTING :Muzzafarpur, Champaran and Motihari, Tirhut, Courthouse.
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HIGHLIGHTS
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Raj Kumar Shukla- A poor sharecropper from Champaran wished to meet Gandhi to complain
about the injustice of the landlord system in Bihar and to take him to Champaran.
He was illiterate but resolute, hence followed Gandhi to Lucknow, Cawnpore, Ahmedabad,
Calcutta, Patna, Muzzafarpur and then Champaran.
Gandhi was impressed by the tenacity and story of the farmer and boarded a train to Patna.
Rajkumar led him to the house of Rajendra Prasad where servants of Rajendra Prasad’s mistook
him to be an untouchable.
Gandhi was considered an untouchable because of simple living style and wearing, and due to
the company of Raj Kumar Shukla.
Decided to go to Muzzafarpur first to get detailed information about Champaran sharecropper.
Sent telegram to J.B.Kriplani & stayed in Professor Malkani’s home –a government servant.
Indians were afraid of showing sympathy to the supporters of home rule.
The news of Gandhi’s arrival spread –sharecroppers gathered in large number to meet their
champion.
Gandhi chided the Muzzafarpur lawyer for taking high fee.
Champaran district was divided into estates owned by English people, Indians farmers were
tenant.
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Landlords compelled tenants to plant 15% of their land with indigo and surrender their entire
harvest as rent.
In the meantime Germany had developed synthetic indigo –British landlords freed the Indian
farmers from the 15% arrangement but asked them to pay compensation.
Many signed, some resisted, engaged lawyers, and landlords hired thugs.
Gandhiji reached Champaran –visited the secretary of the British landlord association to get the
facts but denied as he was an outsider.
Gandhiji went to the British Official Commissioner who asked him to leave Tirhut, Gandhiji
disobeyed; went to Motihari the capital of Champaran where a vast multitude greeted him;
continued his investigations.
Visited maltreated villagers, stopped by the police superintendent but disobeyed the order.
Spontaneous demonstration by peasants, Gandhiji was released without bail; Civil
Disobedience triumphed.
Official commission assembled mountain of evidences against the big planters and agreed to
make refunds.
Gandhiji agreed to 25% refund by the landowners; it symbolized the surrender of the prestige.
Gandhiji worked hard towards social & economic reforms, elevated their distress aided by his
wife, son, Mahadev Desai, Narhari Parikh and many other.
Gandhiji taught a lesson of self-reliance by not seeking help of an English man, Mr. Andrews.
Urged
Departure
Convention
Delegates
Emaciated
Resolute
Tenacity
Yeoman
Impart
Harbour
Brief
Arable
Bully
Maltreated
Complied
Summons
Spontaneous
Liberation
Hitherto
Baffled
Apparently
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-
Pressed, Prompted
Exit, Withdrawal
Meeting, Assembly
Representatives, Deputes
Thin, Skinny
Determined, Firm
Stubbornness, Obduracy
Attendant, Farmer
Give, Render
Shelter, Shield
Inform, Report
Cultivable, Productive
Threaten, Intimidate
Ill-treated, Abuse
Obeyed, Agreed
Order to appear in the court of law
Natural, Instinctive
Freedom, Emancipation
So far, Till now
Confused, Puzzled
Clearly, Evidently
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GLOSSARY
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CBSE
Confer
Sentenced
Disregarded
Upshot
Adjoining
Desertion
Far-flung
Deposition
Protracted
Entreaty
Deadlock
Contented
Disciple
Trench
Pacifist
Vehemently
Prop
-
Discuss, Consult
Penalized, Condemned
Ignored, Overlooked
Result, Outcome
Nearby, Neighbouring
Abandonment, Withdrawal
Remote, Distant
Evidence, Testimony
Long, Extended
Request, Appeal
Stalemate, Impasse
Satisfied, Happy
Pupil, Student
Ditch, Pit
Peace lover, Disarmer
Strongly, Fiercely
Support, Help
KEY LEARNINGS
The peasants were themselves the most crucial agents in the success of the Champaran civil
Disobedience.
2.
Gandhi makes it clear that money and finance are a secondary aspect of the struggle in
Champaran.
3.
Illiteracy is no obstruction to will power.
4.
Effective leadership can overcome any problem.
5.
Self-reliance is the highest expression of self-respect.
6.
Ordinary people play a crucial role in mass movements just as people of Champaran did.
7.
Freedom from fear is more important than legal justice for the poor as fear keeps them captive
even after getting legal justice. The shackles of fear should be broken to enjoy the fragrance
N.B. – These points may prove helpful in framing your answers.
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MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS BASED ON EXTRACTS
(A) They thought he would demand repayment in full of the money which they had illegally and
deceitfully extorted from the sharecroppers. He asked only 50 per cent. “There he seemed
adamant,” writes Reverend J. Z. Hodge, a British missionary in Champaran who observed the
entire episode at close range. “Thinking probably that he would not give way, the representative
of the planters offered to refund to the extent of 25 per cent, and to his amazement Mr. Gandhi
took him at his word, thus breaking the deadlock.” This settlement was adopted unanimously by
the commission.
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English
Gandhi knew that he would not get an agreement on the demand for 50% repayment.
Choose the option that offers the correct justification for the assumption made above.
(a) He had anticipated the negotiating tactics of the planter’s representative.
(b) He had been informed about the depleting funds of the planters.
(c) He had taken the advice of the Reverend on board.
(d) He had evaluated the commission’s attitude towards Indians.
(ii) Given below are four real-life situations. Choose the option that perfectly describes a
deadlock.
Situation 1
Situation 2
Situation 3
Situation 4
Harpreet was
Sunita cannot get a job The bank employees
Tariq is unable to
stuck between
started protesting
because she has no
manage the front-end
deciding whether
against their
experience and she
and the backend
to go to the USA
receding annual
can’t have any
forums at his
or the UK for
salary and other
experience because
company without any
higher studies.
incentives.
she has no job.
support.
(a) Situation 1
(b) Situation 2
(c) Situation 3
(d) Situation 4
(iii) Based on the given context, choose the option that exemplifies a deceitful extortion, out of
the examples given below.
(1) The artisans demonstrated for their rights, peacefully, on the streets.
(2) The head of the artisan union pretended to address all the problems faced by them.
(3) The head of the artisan union came with goons and took all the assets of the poor artisans.
(4) The artisans in Hafrgunj decided to sell their wares directly to the government outlets.
(a) Option 1
(b) Option 2
(c) Option 3
(d) Option 4
(iv) The deadlock broke because
(a) Gandhi’s settlement offer was worth considering.
(b) All commission members agreed to adopt the representative’s offer.
(c) Reverend J. Z. Hodge’s intervention brought both parties together.
(d) The sharecroppers refused to be convinced by the commission.
(B)
But Champaran did not begin as an act of defiance. It grew out of an attempt to alleviate the
distress of large numbers of poor peasants. This was the typical Gandhi pattern — his politics
were intertwined with the practical, day-to-day problems of the millions. His was not a loyalty to
abstractions; it was a loyalty to living, human beings. In everything Gandhi did, moreover, he
tried to mould a new free Indian who could stand on his own feet and thus make India free.
(i)
Choose the option listing the sentence that is the most appropriate example of an ‘act of
defiance’, from the following:
She picked up the telephone terrified of what was about to come. She could hear nobody on
the other side. Meanwhile, there was a thud at the door loud enough to scare her. Curious
as she was, she wanted to open it as soon as possible. Her mother tried to stop her several
times, but she went ahead, nevertheless.
(a) She picked up the telephone terrified of what was about to come.
(b) Meanwhile, there was a thud at the door loud enough to scare her.
(c) Curious as she was, she wanted to open it as soon as possible.
(d) Her mother tried to stop her several times but she went ahead nevertheless.
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(i)
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CBSE
(ii)
Choose the correct option with reference to the two statements given below.
Statement 1: His was not a loyalty to abstractions; it was a loyalty to living, human beings.
Statement 2: Gandhi was a humanitarian at heart.
(a) Statement 1 is the cause of Statement 2.
(b) Statement 2 is the effect of Statement 1.
(c) Statement 2 can be inferred from Statement 1.
(d) Statement 1 and Statement 2 are independent of each other.
(iii) The given extract DOES NOT talk about _____
(a) details of the daily problems faced by human beings.
(b) efforts to relieve suffering of the common people.
(c) the reason for the occurrence of Champaran.
(d) Gandhi’s principles in the field of politics.
(iv) Which option showcases an example of action (A) -result (R), from the passage?
A = defiance
A = free Indians
(1)
(2)
R = poor peasants
R = free India
A = free India
A = defiance
(3)
(4)
R = defiance
R = free Indians
(a) Option 1
(b) Option 2
(c) Option 3
(d) Option 4
ANSWERS
(A) (i)-(a) (ii)-(b) (iii)-(c) (iv)-(b)
(B) (i)-(d) (ii)-(c) (iii)-(a) (iv)-(b)
NCERT QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
THINK AS YOU READ
Q.1 Strike out what is not true in the following (Pg. 47)
(a) Rajkumar Shukla was
(i) a sharecropper
(ii) a politician
(iii) delegate
(iv) a landlord
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(b) Rajkumar Shukla was
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(i) poor
(ii) physically strong (iii) illiterate
Ans. (a) (iv) a landlord
(b) (ii) physically strong
Q.2 Why is Rajkumar Shukla described as being 'resolute'? (Pg. 47)
OR
How did Rajkumar Shukla establish that he was resolute?
Ans. Rajkumar Shukla was a peasant from Champaran. He wanted Gandhiji to come with him to
accompany him to Champaran. At that time Gandhiji was very busy but Shukla accompanied
Gandhiji everywhere and did not leave him until he agreed to visit Champaran. Therefore, he had
been described as resolute.
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Q.3 Why do you think that the servants thought Gandhiji to be another peasant? (Pg. 47)
Ans. Gandhiji wore very simple clothes. His complexion was dark and he was thin. In this way, his
appearance matched a peasant of those days. Therefore, the servants thought Gandhiji to be
another peasant.
Q.4 List the places that Gandhiji visited between his first meeting with Shukla and his arrival at
Champaran. (Pg. 49)
Ans. Shukla first met Gandhiji at December 1916 Annual Convention in Lucknow, afterwards,
Gandhiji had to go to Kanpur, from where he returned to his ashram in Ahmedabad. On Shukla's
repeated requests, Gandhiji asked Shukla to meet him in Calcutta from where he boarded a train
to Patna. Next, he went to Muzzafarpur to obtain more information about the sharecropping
system. There he stayed at Professor Malkani’s house and from there he went to Champaran.
Q.5 What did the peasants pay the British landlords as rent? What did the British now want
instead and why? What would be the impact of synthetic indigo on the prices of natural
indigo? (Pg. 49)
Ans. The peasants worked on large estates owned by the British planters. The landlords compelled all
the peasants to crop three twentieths or 15 per cent of their holdings with indigo and surrender
the entire indigo harvest as rent. The planters came to know that the Germany had developed
synthetic indigo.
Producing natural indigo was not profitable. The price of the synthetic indigo would be much less
than the natural indigo. But they hid this information from the sharecroppers. Instead they
demanded compensation from the peasants to release them from this system.
Q.6 The events in this part of the text illustrate Gandhi's method of working. Can you identify some
instances of this method and link them to his ideas of Satyagraha and non-violence? (Pg. 51)
Ans. Gandhi's politics was intermingled with the day-to-day problems of the millions of Indians. He
opposed unjust laws. He was ready to court arrest for breaking such laws and going to jail. The
famous Dandi March to break the 'salt law' is another instance. The resistance and disobedience
was peaceful and a fight for truth and justice, this was linked directly to his ideas of Satyagraha
and non-violence.
Q.7 Why did Gandhiji agree for the 25% refund by the British landlords? (Pg. 53)
Ans. Gandhiji agreed for 25% refund because amount of the refund was less important than the fact
that the landlords had been obliged to surrender part of the money and, with it, part of their
prestige. The peasants who were crushed and fear struck, learnt courage.
Q.8 How did the episode change the plight of the peasants? (Pg. 53)
Ans. The episode of Chamapran had a great effect on the peasants. They saw that they had rights and
defenders. They learned courage. Also, the British planters abandoned their estates, which were
reverted to the peasants.
UNDERSTANDING THE TEXT
Q.1 Why do you think Gandhi considered the Champaran episode to be a turning point in his
life? (Pg. 54)
Ans. Gandhi considered the Champaran episode to be a turning point in his life because it has made
him realize that civil disobedience, which had triumphed for the first time, could go a long way in
the freedom struggle. The incident had made him successful in making the peasants aware of
their rights and becoming confident. This success proved the effectiveness of Gandhi's method of
non-violence and non-cooperation.
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English
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CBSE
Q.2 How was Gandhiji able to influence lawyers? Give instances. (Pg. 54)
Ans. Gandhiji was able to influence the lawyers in several ways. First he came to know about the size
of fee they collected from the peasants to fight their cases in court. He chided them for that. He
told them that taking such cases to courts were not good when the peasants were so crushed and
fear-stricken. When it was feared that Gandhiji might be put to prison they consulted among
themselves.
They realised that if Gandhiji who was totally a stranger there and yet was ready to go to prison
for the sake of peasants; it would be shameful for them to go homes since they were not only the
residents of the adjoining districts but also had claimed to help the peasants. Therefore, they
decided to follow Gandhiji in jail in pairs. In Champaran an Englishman, Charles Freer Andrews
became Gandhiji’s disciple.
The lawyers thought that it would be of great help to them if Andrews supported them. But
Gandhiji told that it would show only the weakness of their soul to seek help of Mr Andrews only
because he happened to be an Englishman. They should learn to be self-reliant.
Q.3 What was the attitude of the average Indian in smaller localities towards advocates of
'home rule'? (Pg. 54)
Ans. The average Indian in smaller localities lived in fear of the British. They were afraid of the dire
consequences of helping the advocates of "home-rule". Hence, though they were supportive of
people like Gandhi, they were afraid of showing it in open and only a few could actually dare to
come out. In the story, we find people like Professor Malkani, who had the courage to give
shelter to Gandhi on the latter's visit to Muzzaffarpur.
Q.4 How do we know that ordinary people too contributed to the freedom movement? (Pg. 54)
Ans. In the given text it was only due to the support of ordinary people that the sharecroppers of
Champaran could get justice. When Gandhiji was arrested in Motihari, the ordinary people
flocked on the roads in large numbers, as a result, the government had to drop the case against
Gandhiji. This Champaran episode was just a glimpse of the freedom movement. Thus, from this
episode, we can gauge the role of ordinary people in the freedom movement.
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TALKING ABOUT THE TEXT
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Q.1 “Freedom from fear is more important than legal justice for the poor”. Do you think that
the poor of India are free from fear after Independence? (Pg. 55)
Ans. The episode of Champaran represents the exploitation of the poor Indian peasants by the British
planters. At that time India was under British rule. But even after seventy years of Independence
there is Champaran everywhere in India. The poor are still exploited by the bureaucrats,
moneylenders and politicians. The moneylenders charge unimaginably high rates of interest from
the farmers.
No wonder the incidents of suicides by the farmers are on the rise. Our constitution has given
equal rights to all Indians. But in fact the poor can’t enjoy any of the rights given to them by the
constitution. They are remembered only at the time of elections. Though they had got political
freedom yet this freedom is shameful.
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English
EXTRA QUESTIONS ANSWERS
SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS
Q.1 What strategy did Gandhiji follow in solving the problems of sharecroppers?
Ans. Gandhiji discussed the problems with lawyers. He disregarded British order of eviction. He
insisted peasants to remove their fear.
Q.2 Why did Gandhiji feel that it was useless for the peasants to go to law courts?
Ans. The peasants were crushed and fear-stricken so winning few cases wouldn’t do any good to the
farmers. For them real relief was to get rid of the fear of British.
Q.3 Why did the British landlords free the sharecroppers from growing Indigo? What did they
want compensation instead?
Ans. The British came to know that synthetic indigo was developed in Germany that would bring
down the market price of natural indigo thus reduce their share of profit. So they obtained an
agreement for compensation from farmers against their freedom from 15% arrangement.
Q.4 What was the important lesson taught by Gandhiji to his disciples?
Ans. Gandhiji taught the lesson of self-reliance and courage to his disciples. He declared that British
could not order him in his own country. He initiated civil-disobedience but never left the path of
non-violence and truth. He believed in empowering the young generation of the country by the
means of education, thus making India free.
Q.5 What made Gandhiji urge the departure of the British ?
Ans. In the course of securing justice for the oppressed farmers of Champaran, Gandhiji clashed with
the British authorities several times. By and by, he decided to urge their departure as he felt they
had no business to order about the Indians in their own country.
Q.6 Who was Rajkumar Shukla ? What do you get to know about him from the chapter
"Indigo" ?
Q.7 What problems were the Champaran indigo sharecroppers facing ?
Ans. The Champaran indigo sharecroppers were the victims of injustice of the landlord system in
Bihar. Most of the arable land in Champaran belonged to English landlords who compelled their
Indian tenants to plant indigo in 15% of their holdings. They demanded the entire harvest as rent
and thereby increased their poverty and miseries.
Q.8 Why did Gandhiji meet the secretary of the British landlord's association on arriving in
Champaran? What was the outcome ?
Ans. Fair just and meticulous as Gandhiji was, he wanted to hear both sides of the story in order to get
the facts and understand the view point of the landlords. So, he met their secretary. But his efforts
proved to be futile as the secretary refused to reveal any information to "an outsider'.
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Ans. An illiterate, poor and oppressed farmer, Rajkumar Shukla was an enterprising man who came all
the way from Champaran to request Gandhiji to secure justice for the indigo sharecroppers of his
area. The tenacity of this resolute man so impressed Gandhiji that he decided to fight for the
farmers' cause. He won them justice and taught self-reliance.
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CBSE
Q.9 Why did Gandhiji call on the British official commissioner of the Tirhut division? What
was the outcome of this meeting?
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Ans. The un-cooperative attitude of the secretary of the British landlord's association prompted
Gandhiji to contact the official commissioner of the Tirhut division. This meeting, like the
meeting with the association secretary too was of no avail as the authoritative commissioner tried
to bully Gandhi and advised him to leave Tirhut.
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Q.10 How was Gandhiji treated at Rajendra Prasad’s house?
Ans. The servants at Rajendra Prasad knew Shukla as a peasant who pestered their master to help the
indigo sharecroppers. But they thought that Gandhiji belonged to some low caste. Therefore they
didn’t allow him to draw water from the well.
Q.11 What were the terms of the indigo contract between the British landlords and the Indian
peasants?
Ans. The landlords compelled all tenants to plant three twentieths or 15 percent of their holdings with
indigo and surrender the entire indigo harvest as rent. This was done by a long-term contract.
Q.12 Why did many sharecroppers sign the agreement letters willingly? What did the others do
who had not signed the letters?
Ans. The sharecropping system was irksome to the peasants. They wanted to get rid of that somehow.
Therefore, when they got the offer from the British, they signed the agreement letters willingly.
Those who resisted engaged lawyers; the landlords hired thugs.
Q.13 Why did Gandhiji go to Muzzafarapur ? Where did he stay there?
Ans. Muzzafarpur was en route to Champaran. He went there to obtain more information than Shukla
could impart. He decided to stay at Professor Malkani’s house. He was a teacher in a government
school.
Q.14 Why did Gandhiji chide the lawyers of Muzzafarpur?
Ans. Gandhiji chided the lawyers charging the peasants with hefty fees. Though they represented their
cases in the law courts yet they were not concerned about them. If it had not been for Gandhi,
they would have left them in lurch. Gandhiji told the lawyers that taking their cases to the courts
did little good. Where the peasants were so crushed and fear-stricken, law courts were useless.
The real relief for them was to be free from fear.
Q.15 How did the peasants of Champaran react when they came to know about the arrival of
Gandhiji?
Ans. The news of Gandhiji’s advent and of the nature of his mission spread quickly through
Muzzafarpur and to Champaran. Sharecroppers from Champaran began arriving on foot and by
whatever conveyance they got to see their champion.
Q.16 Why did Gandhiji feel that taking the Champaran case to the court was useless?
Ans. Gandhiji felt that taking the Champaran case to the court was useless because according to him,
where the peasants were so crushed and fear-stricken, law courts could do nothing. The real relief
for them was to be free from fear.
Q.17 What made the lieutenant-governor drop the case against Gandhiji?
Ans. Thousands of peasants came in support of Gandhiji. The authorities felt that they could not
control them and the condition of law and order could deteriorate. The pressure of the peasants
was increasing. On the other hand, Gandhiji refused to have any bail. Therefore, the lieutenant
general dropped the case against Gandhiji.
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Q.18 What social work did Gandhiji do in the villages of Champaran?
Ans. Gandhiji opened primary schools there. Many of his disciples came to volunteer their services.
Health condition of the place was miserable. Gandhiji got a doctor to volunteer his services for
six months.
Q.19 Why was Gandhiji against taking the help of Charles Freer Andrews?
Ans. Charles Freer Andrews became Gandhiji’s disciple at Champaran. The lawyers thought that it
would be good for them if they had an Englishman with them. But Gandhiji was deadly against
it. He said taking help of an Englishman would show the weakness of their heart.
Q.1 What was the dispute between the landlords and the Champaran peasants? What role did
Gandhiji play in resolving the dispute successfully?
Ans. When the news of the synthetic indigo reached the peasants, they were able to see through the
manipulative game of the British landlords. Realising that they had extorted compensation illegally
and deceitfully, the peasants demanded their money back. The landlords tried to silence the
peasants with muscle power. It was at this point of time that Gandhiji arrived in Champaran.
An in-depth study of the cases laid bare the blatant injustice of the Britishers. Gandhiji's thorough
investigations, documentation and collection of evidence became a cause of concern for the
authorities. Edwards Gait, the Lt. Governor of Bihar summoned Gandhiji and after four protracted
interviews with him constituted a commission of inquiry comprising landlords, government
officials and Gandhiji as the representative of the peasants. Gandhiji's diligent collection of
documents and evidence made them agree in principle to refund the money. The landlords expected
that Gandhiji would demand full repayment of the money which they had extorted from the
sharecroppers, but Gandhiji asked for only 50% as the settlement. After some deliberation it was
settled that the peasants would be refunded 25% of the money. Gandhiji accepted the settlement
because he did not want a deadlock between the landlords and the farmers. Taking it to be a victory
of principle, he didn't attach much importance to the amount of money the peasants got. He gave
more importance to the victory of principles. Thus the issue got resolved.
Q.2 Why did Gandhiji's casual visit to Champaran get extended to over a year?
Ans. Gandhiji came to Champaran to look into the grievances of the oppressed indigo sharecroppers.
Meticulous as he was, he looked into the whole issue right from the very beginning. Gathering
information from the lawyers who knew the issue, as well as from the laymen who were actually
the victims of injustice, Gandhiji made an indepth study of the facts. He also met the secretary of
the British landlord's association as well as the British official commissioner of the Tirhut division
to get their view point. Their indifferent and un-cooperative attitude failed to put Gandhiji off.
He continued to conduct his enquiry which was very time consuming. Thousands of depositions
were written and documents and evidences were collected. From April to June Gandhiji worked
untiringly. After four protracted interviews with Gandhiji, the Lt. Governor constituted a
commission of inquiry as a result of which the issue of compensation money was broken and the
farmers got 25% money back. Next, Gandhiji took upon himself the task of looking into the health
condition and social and cultural backwardness of this region. All these commitments were time
consuming. Thus what began as a casual visit got extended to over a year.
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LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS
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Q.3 Describe Gandhiji’s visit to Muzzafarpur.
Ans. Gandhiji decided to go to Muzzafarpur, which was en route to Champaran. He wanted to obtain
more information about the conditions there. He stayed for two days in the home of Professor
Malkani who was a teacher in a government school. It was not an ordinary thing those days for a
government professor to harbour a man like him. In smaller localities, the Indians were afraid to
show sympathy to the advocates of home-rule. The news of the advent of Gandhiji spread
quickly to Champaran and Muzzafarpur. Sharecroppers in large number came to see their
champion.
Gandhiji talked to the lawyers about the court cases of the sharecroppers. They brief him about
the cases and also reported him about the size of their fees. Gandhiji chided the lawyers for
collecting big fee from the sharecroppers. He said that it was useless to go to the courts when the
peasants were so crushed and fear-stricken.
Q.4 Why is the Champaran episode considered to be the beginning of the Indian struggle for
Independence?
Ans. The Champaran episode began as an attempt to ease the sufferings of a large number of peasants.
on reaching Champaran, Gandhiji started by collecting facts but this move was opposed by the
British. They did not at all cooperate with him rather he was bullied to quit Champaran. He was
even tried in the court for defying the official order. But he was ready to go to any extent for the
sake of peasants.
When peasants saw Gandhiji's earnestness to help them, they came out in large numbers to
support him. It was for the first time that such a spontaneous demonstration was staged by the
peasants that even the British felt helpless. Eventually, due to Gandhiji's strong leadership and
with the support of the peasants, the case against Gandhiji was dropped, indigo sharecropping
disappeared and the lands were reverted to the peasants. For the first time, the British had
surrendered before the Indians. Hence, the Champaran episode is considered to be the beginning
of the Indian struggle for independence.
Q.5 Gandhiji’s loyalty was not a loyalty to abstractions; it was loyalty to living human beings.
Why did Gandhiji continue his stay in Champaran even after indigo sharecropping
disappeared?
Ans. Gandhiji never contented himself with the large political and economic solutions of the problems.
He saw the cultural and social backwardness in the villages of Champaran and wanted to do
something about it so he continued his stay in Champaran even after Indigo share-cropping
disappeared. He appealed to his disciples who came forward along with their wives and children.
Seeing the miserable health conditions in Champaran, Gandhiji requested a doctor to offer his
services for six months. He also noticed the filthy state of women's clothing and asked his wife
Kasturbai to talk to them. He opened primary schools in six villages. They were taught
cleanliness personal hygiene and sanitation.
The ultimate idea behind all this was to mould a free Indian who could stand on his own feet and
thus could make India free.
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English
Q.6 Why was Gandhiji against taking help from Charles Freer Andrews? What values of life
are conveyed by this?
Ans. Early in the Champaran action, Charles Freer Andrews, the English pacifist became Gandhiji’s
devoted follower. He came to bid Gandhiji farewell before leaving for his duty to the Fiji Islands.
Gandhiji’s lawyer friends thought it would be a good idea for Andrews to stay at Champaran and
help them. Andrews was willing if Gandhiji agreed.
But Gandhiji strongly opposed it. He said, to have Mr. Andrews on their side only because he
happened to be an Englishman, is wrong. It would show only the weakness of their spirit. They
were fighting for a just cause and they should believe in their strength. This incident showed that
self-reliance and self-help are most important to achieve any goal.
EXTRACT BASED QUESTIONS
(A) They had merely heard that a Mahatma who wanted to help them was in trouble with the
authorities. Their spontaneous demonstration, in thousands, around the courthouse was the
beginning of their liberation from fear of the British. The officials felt powerless without
Gandhi's cooperation. He helped them regulate the crowd. He was polite and friendly. He was
giving them concrete proof that their might, hitherto dreaded and unquestioned, could be
challenged by Indians. the government was baffled. The prosecutor requested the judge to
postpone the trial. Apparently the authorities wished to consult their superiors.
Q.1 The officials felt powerless because (A) Of Gandhiji's refusal to cooperate with them.
(B) Of Gandhi's polite and friendly behaviour.
(C) The Crowd was listening only to Gandhi.
(D) The Crowd was getting violent.
Q.2 The demonstration proved that the
(A) Policies of the British had failed.
(B) Dread instilled in the hearts of Indians had begun to lessen.
(C) Dealings with the Indian citizens had been unsuccessful.
Q.3 Which style, from those given below, is being used by the author, when he says,
"Apparently, the authorities wished to consult their superiors."?
(A) Humorous
(B) Dramatic
(C) Sarcastic
(D) Persuasive
Q.4 Gandhiji's behaviour towards the British prior to the proposal of postponement of the trial
was that of
(A) Indifference.
(B) Calm acceptance.
(C) Ignorance of consequences.
(D) Polite helpfulness.
Ans. 1.(C)
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2.(B)
3.(C)
4.(D)
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(D) Might of the British had not been understood by Indians.
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(B)
Several days Later, Gandhi received a written communication from the magistrate informing him
that the Lieutenant Governor of the province had ordered the case to be dropped. Civil
disobedience had triumphed, the first time in modern India. Gandhiji and the lawyers now
proceeded to conduct a far-flung inquiry into the grievances of the farmers. Depositions by about
ten thousand peasants were written down, and notes made on others evidence. Documents were
collected. The whole area throbbed with the activity of the investigators and the vehement
protests of the landlords.
Q.1 By whom Gandhiji received a letter?
(A) Magistrate
(B) Rajkumar Shukla
(C) Fischer
(D) His followers
Q.2 Which nationalist movement is talked about?
(A) Non – violence
(B) Simon Go Back
(C) Civil Disobedience
(D) Non – cooperation movement
Q.3 Who proceeded to conduct the enquiry?
(A) Magistrate
(B) Magistrate and Gandhiji
(C) Peasants
(D) Gandhiji and the lawyers
Q.4 The word that means the same as victorious is ________________.
(A) Proceeded
(B) Triumphed
(C) Vehement
(D) Grievances
Ans. 1.(A)
2.(C)
3.(D)
4.(B)
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(C) The Champaran episode was a turning-point in Gandhi's life. "What I did," he explained, "was a
very ordinary thing. I declared that the British could not order me about in my own country." But
Champaran did not begin as an act of defiance. It grew out of an attempt to alleviate the distress
of large numbers of poor peasants. This was the typical Gandhi pattern – his politics were
intertwined with the practical, day-to-day problems of the millions. His was not a loyalty to
abstractions; it was loyalty to living, human beings. In everything Gandhi did moreover, he tried
to mould a new free Indian who could stand on his own feet and thus make India free.
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Q.1 What technique did Mahatma Gandhi apply in Champaran?
(A) Non-Violence
(B) Divide and Rule (C) Unity in diversity (D) Both (A) and (C)
Q.2 Who was benefitted from the Champaran struggle?
(A) Mahatma Gandhi (B) British
(C) Landlords
(D) Peasants
Q.3 What type of nation did Mahatma Gandhi aim for?
(A) Politically stable (B) Self-reliant
(C) Stratified
(D) None of these
Q.4 What made people connect to Gandhiji?
(A) His dedication to solve day-to-day problems of the millions.
(B) His theory of non-violence
(C) His oratory skills
(D) All of the above
Ans. 1.(A)
2.(D)
3.(B)
4.(A)
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QUESTIONS FOR PRACTICE
SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS
1.
What made Gandhiji urge the departure of the British?
2.
How was Gandhiji received in Mothihari?
3.
What made Mahatma Gandhi declare ‘the battle of Champaran is won’?
4.
How did the Champaran episode change the plight of the peasants?
5.
Why did Gandhi agree to a settlement of 25% refund to the farmers?
6.
How do we know that ordinary people too contributed to the freedom movement?
7.
What argument did Gandhiji give for not complying with the official orders to quit Champaran?
8.
How were the Britishers shown that their dreaded and unquestioned authority could be
challenged by the Indians?
9.
The peasants were themselves the most crucial agents in the success of the Champaran Civil
Disobedience. Expand.
10.
Gandhi makes it clear that money and finance are a secondary aspect of the struggle in
Champaran. Comment on aspect that you think was most important for Gandhi.
11.
Gandhi was a lawyer himself. Examine how his professional expertise helped in Champaran.
12.
Explain the possible reasons for Gandhi’s quick popularity among the peasants of Champaran.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Why did Gandhiji’s casual visit to Champaran get extended to over a year?
How did civil disobedience triumph?
What idea do you form about the Britishers from the chapter “Indigo”?
How did the peasants learn courage?
Are Gandhiji’s social, economic and political ideals relevant today? Discuss with reference to the
Champaran episode.
Imagine Gandhi were to deliver a speech to students in present day India showing them the path
to becoming responsible world leaders. Based on your understanding of Gandhi’s own leadership
skills, write a speech, as Gandhi, addressing the students about the qualities that every leader and
politician should nurture.
Dear students, you are all leaders of social change. I see many bright and enthusiastic faces that assure me
that our future is in good hands. I have learnt from my own experience……………(continue)………….
7.
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Let us assume it was Rajendra Prasad who informed Charles Freer Andrews of Gandhi’s decision
and the reasons for other leaders’ support of him. Thinking creatively of how Andrews would
have responded and pen down the discussion you think would have taken place between
Rajendra Prasad and Andrews.
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LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS
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LESSON – 6
POETS AND PANCAKES
Asokamitran (1931-2017), a Tamil writer, recounts his years at Gemini Studios in his book My Years
with Boss which talks of the influence of movies on every aspect of life in India. The Gemini Studios,
located in Chennai, was set up in 1940. It was one of the most influential film producing organisations
of India in the early days of Indian film-making. Its founder was S.S. Vasan. The duty of Asokamitran
in Gemini Studios was to cut out newspaper clippings on a wide variety of subjects and store them in
files. Many of these had to be written out by hand. Although he performed an insignificant function he
was the most well-informed of all the members of the Gemini family. The following is an excerpt from
his book My Years with Boss.
THEME :An account of the events and personalities in a film company in the early days of Indian cinema.
SUB-THEME :Poets and writers in a film company environment.
CHARACTERS :1. Asokamitran – narrator and author
2. S.S. Vasan – Founder of Gemini Studios
3. Office boy
4. Kothamangalam Subbu
5. Lawyer – Legal adviser
6. Frank Buchman – Head of MRA
7. Stephen Spender – Visitor
SETTING :Gemini Studios of Chennai.
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HIGHLIGHTS
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This is an excerpt from the book 'My Years with the Boss' by Asokamitran, a Tamil writer.
He talks about the years he spent at the Gemini Studios owned by S.S. Vasan.
Asokamitran had to cut newspaper cuttings and clippings on varied subjects and file them.
Not a very important job, but he happened to be the most informed person around.
Here he talks about how the studio functioned and its internal dynamics.
The make-up department was housed on the top floor of the building.
In the make-up department a strict hierarchy was followed. The main actor was handled by the
chief make-up man and the others handled the junior actors. Handling crowd was responsibility
of office boy.
The author's office had glass on both sides which are called French windows.
Everybody there felt that the author was underemployed.
All the unpleasant things, it was believed, happened in the studio because of one
Kothamangalam Subbu who was the right hand of the Boss.
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English
The author did not agree with this belief. He thought Subbu to be very talented man.
He was a cheerful person and loyal to his Boss. He was tailor-made for films. He was a creative
person, wrote poetry and was into acting as well. He was also a generous person and his house
was open to all.
Subbu was actually a part of the story department comprising a lawyer, writers and poets.
The lawyer who was legal advisor unwittingly brought a sad end to talented actress' career.
Gemini Studios was a favourite haunt for poets those days. They enjoyed meeting over a cup of
coffee which was available at the mess there.
In 1952 Gemini Studios welcomed Frank Buchman's 'Moral Re-Armament army' a group of
two hundred people who presented two plays in most professional manner, the plays were
'Jotham Valley' and 'The Forgotten Factor'.
The other visitor to the studio was the famous English poet Stephen Spender. Much later
Asokamitran realized that this man was the author of the British periodical titled 'The
Encounter'. He felt a kinship with him and sent off his prose piece for story contest.
The author left Gemini studios years later, one day bought a book of essays 'The God That
Failed' describing journey into Communism of six eminent men of letters.
One of the writers of that book was Stephen Spender, suddenly the book became significant for
him for he realised who Stephen Spender was and why he had visited Gemini Studios.
Pancake
Stable
Incandescent
Fiery
Misery
Subjected
Integration
Hideous
Potion
Hierarchy
Vessel
Slapping
Barge into
Pervert
Woes
Refrain
Diction
Improvident
Intimate
Demeanour
Resemble
Sycophant
Incriminating
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-
Make-up material
A farm building for housing horses
Bright, Luminous
Intense, Fierce
Wretchedness, Distress
Likely to incur, Exposed
Unification, Harmony
Repulsive, Ugly
Mixture, Concoction
Ranking, Grading
Container, Receptacle
Applying, Daubing
Bump into, Rush in
Degenerate, Miscreant
Sorrows, Griefs
Abstain, Forebear
Choice of words, Phrasing
Wasteful, Careless
Close, Bosom
Behaviour, Deportment
Look like, Take after
Flatterer, Bootlicker
Accusing of a crime, Inculpative
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GLOSSARY
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Tirade
Catapulted
Clumsy
Haunt
Filial
Conjugal
Compunction
Homilies
Trapeze
Surmise
Peppered
Cultivate
Incongruity
Persistent
Persevering
Drudge
Disillusion
-
A long angry speech, Outburst
Shot forth, Hurled
Lacking grace, Awkward
Resort, Hang out
Familial, Pertaining to son or daughter
Marital, of or relating to spouses
Remorse, Regret
Sermon, Preaching
A short horizontal bar used by acrobats
Guess, Speculation
Sprinkled, Mixed
Develop, Foster
Unsuitability, Incompatibility
Stubborn, Obstinate
Diligent, Enduring
Servant, One who does a tedious job
Disenchantment, Free from illusion
KEY LEARNINGS
1.
The entire chapter is punctuated with subtle humour which the author uses to lay base human
foibles without hurting anybody's sentiments.
2.
Subbu was a man of versatile genius who could delve into various aspects of film-making.
3.
Subbu was a perfect go-getter and an intelligent fellow who could use his talent and creativity for
the advantage of his boss.
4.
According to Asokamitran, prose writing could not be anybody's cup of tea. Only a patient and
persistent person can follow it as a hobby.
5.
Inviting Stephen spender to Gemini studios was a celebration of similar ideology as both Mr.
Vasan and Stephen spender were against communism.
6.
People generally blame their unsuccess on others.
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N.B. – These points may prove helpful in framing your answers.
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MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS BASED ON EXTRACTS
(A) His success in films overshadowed and dwarfed his literary achievements-or so his critics felt.
He composed several truly original ‘story poems’ in folk refrain and diction and also wrote a
sprawling novel Thillana Mohanambal with dozens of very deftly etched characters. He quite
successfully recreated the mood and manner of the Devadasis of the early 20th century. He was
an amazing actor-he never aspired to the lead roles-but whatever subsidiary role he played in any
of the films, he performed better than the supposed main players. He had a genuine love for
anyone he came across and his house was a permanent residence for dozens of near and far
relations and acquaintances.
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English
Which of these statements is NOT TRUE about Subbu?
(a) His literary accomplishments stole the limelight from his films.
(b) He was a gifted poet and writer and his literary works were noteworthy.
(c) He was selfless in nature and was empathetic towards others.
(d) He never hankered after lead roles and performed minor roles in films.
(ii) The word 'sprawling' has been used with the word 'novel'. Pick the option with which the
word 'sprawling' CANNOT be used.
(a) metropolis
(b) handwriting
(c) campus
(d) portrait
(iii) The phrase ‘deftly etched’ shows that Subbu _____
(a) created the roles delicately.
(b) was skilful in creating the characters.
(c) pondered beyond necessity about the characters.
(d) gave very little thought to the characters.
(iv) Pick the option that best describes Subbu according to the extract.
1. benevolent
2. powerful
3. accomplished
4. witty
5. generous
6. temperamental
(a) 4, 5 & 6
(b) 2, 3 & 4
(c) 1,3 & 5
(d) 3, 4 & 6
(B)
Barring the office boys and a couple of clerks, everybody else at the Studios radiated leisure, a
pre-requisite for poetry. Most of them wore khadi and worshipped Gandhiji but beyond that they
had not the faintest appreciation for political thought of any kind. Naturally, they were all averse
to the term ‘Communism’. A communist was a godless man-he had no filial or conjugal love; he
had no compunction about killing his own parents or his children; he was always out to cause and
spread unrest and violence among innocent and ignorant people. Such notions, which prevailed
everywhere else in South India at that time also, naturally, floated about vaguely among the
khadi-clad poets of Gemini Studios. Evidence of it was soon forthcoming.
(i)
Pick the option that uses the same figure of speech as ‘A communist is a godless man.’
(a) She is as determined as Gandhi when it is a fight against injustice.
(b) She is a Gandhi when she raises her voice against ‘hinsa’ or violence.
(c) She, like Gandhi, feels that the earth is crying for deliverance.
(d) She lives a life of opulence and calls herself a follower of Gandhi.
Based on the extract, choose the correct option with reference to the two statements given
(ii)
below.
Statement 1: At Gemini Studios, the poets had a profound knowledge about Communists.
Statement 2: Communists were responsible for anarchy and discontent in the country.
(a) Statement 1 is true but Statement 2 is false.
(b) Statement 1 is false but Statement 2 is true.
(c) Both Statement 1 and Statement 2 cannot be inferred.
(d) Both Statement 1 and Statement 2 can be inferred.
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(i)
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(iii) Why do you think leisure is a pre-requisite for poetry?
(a) Poetry means freedom of expression.
(b) One can enjoy poetry when there’s free time.
(c) In order to write poetry, one needs free time.
(d) Poetry means freedom from work.
(iv) Asokamitran says that leisure is a pre-requisite for poetry. He says this because poets
(a) need to relax for a period of time before composing lines.
(b) maintain a leisured pace in all tasks they do.
(c) are creative and need to have free time to weave their thoughts.
(d) begin poetic compositions in rushed way and end in a relaxed manner.
ANSWERS
(A) (i)-(a) ; (ii)-(d) ; (iii)-(b) ; (iv)-(c)
(B) (i)-(b) ; (ii)-(d) ; (iii)-(c) ; (iv)-(c)
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NCERT QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
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Q.1 What does the writer mean by 'the fiery misery' of those subjected to make-up ? (Pg. 59)
OR
What misery did the people face in the make-up room when they were subjected to make-up ?
OR
What does the writer compare make-up room to ? Why ?
Ans. While referring to the make-up department of Gemini Studios, the writer describes that the makeup room looked like a hair-cutting salon that was crowded with mirrors and flooded with
incandescent lights at all angles. As the artists sat there to get every pore of the face closed with
pancake, it was torturous to sit through the process in all the heat and dazzling lights.
Q.2 What is the example of national integration that the author refers to ? (Pg. 59)
OR
Why does the writer think there was a great deal of national integration in the make-up
department ?
Ans. Transcending all barriers of regions, religions and castes, people from all over India picked up
jobs in Gemini Studios. The make-up department of the studio saw Bengalis, Maharashtrians,
Kannadigas, Andhrites, Tamils, Anglo-Burmese, Brahmins and Christians. They all took turns to
head the make-up department. Hence the writer terms it as national integration.
Q.3 What work did the 'office boy' do in the Gemini Studios ? Why did he join the studios and
why was he disappointed ?(Pg. 59)
Ans. Apart from running small errands in the studios, the office boy was responsible for mixing the paint
in a giant vessel and to close every pore on the surface of the faces of the artists who played the
crowd. He painted each face crimson. He had joined the studios with the intention of attaining heights
in the field of acting, direction, script writing or lyric writing. His failure to realize his dreams
disappointed him. He felt that his literary talent wasn't getting recognised and that he had been given
a job much below his calibre and dignity. This disgruntled man heaped all the blame for his failure on
Kothamangalam Subbu, who according to him, despite lack of talent and calibre was No. 2 at the
studios. But for himself, the office boy felt, his talent could have shot him into prominence.
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Q.4 Why did the author appear to be doing nothing at the studios ? (Pg. 59)
Ans. The author's job was to keep a record of all the relevant news items and articles that appeared in
different newspapers. Thus he was always at his desk tearing out newspaper clippings and filling
them which gave an impression that he was simply whiling away his time.
Q.5 Why was the office boy frustrated? Who did the office boy show his anger on and how?(Pg. 61)
Ans. The office boy had entered the studios in the hope of becoming a star actor or a top screen writer,
director or lyrics writer. But now he felt frustrated because in spite of having crossed forty years,
he hadn't realised any of his dreams. He felt that his literary talent wasn't getting recognised and
that he had been given a job much below his calibre and dignity.
The office boy gave vent to all his frustration by showing his resentment against Kothamangalam
Subbu who undeservedly occupied the No.2 position in Gemini Studios. He held Subbu
responsible for all his woes, ignominy and neglect and went about maligning him in the studios.
Q.6 Who was Subbu's principal ? What relationship did Subbu have with him ? (Pg. 61)
Ans. S. S. Vasan, the founder of the Gemini Studios was Subbu's principal. Subbu seemed to enjoy an
intimate relationship with him. The ostentatious display of his loyalty to the Boss made his
sycophancy very obvious. He was always seen with the Boss, and knew the art of staying in the
Boss' good books.
Q.7 Subbu is described as a many-sided genius. Give an account of his multi-faceted
abilities.(Pg. 61)
Ans. Through Kothamangalam Subbu, Asokamitran has drawn a caricature of the go-getters who
despite being mediocre manage to create an aura of brilliance around themselves. They push and
elbow their way to the top-bracket. They have an uncanny power of convincing their superiors of
their indispensability and talent. With his tongue in the cheek, the author projects Subbu as a man
of versatile abilities who delves into different fields of film making 'successfully'. Ranging from
story writing to characterisation, to poetry writing, Subbu had 'mastered' all arts. He was 'tailormade for film making'. He gave the impression of being a brilliant writer who deliberately wrote
just for the masses rather than writing complex forms. A talented actor he never aspired for lead
roles. A man with numerous ready solutions, he made film making very easy for his Boss. At the
same time, his sycophancy earned him not only many favours from his Boss but also numerous
enemies. Thus, he gave the impression of being a writer, an actor and a creative assistant roled
into one. Hence, he passes off as a many sided genius with multi-faceted abilities.
Q.8 Why was the legal adviser referred to as the opposite by others ? (Pg. 61)
Ans. Although the legal adviser, a man of cold logic, was close to the Boss, he was disliked by others
in Gemini Studios. His mind was all the time busy working maliciously and he excelled more in
stupidity than in legal skills. His mischief-making brought an abrupt end to a brilliant actress
career. Hence he was rightly called an illegal adviser.
Q.9 What made the lawyer stand out from the others at Gemini Studios ? (Pg. 61)
Ans. Unlike the majority of the dreamers of the Story Department, the lawyer was a man of cold logic.
His political views and ideology were also different from those of the Gandhiites that comprised
the department. Apart from it, his tie and pants made him stand out in the midst of uniformed
khadi-clad group.
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Q.10 Did the people at Gemini Studios have any particular political affiliations ? (Pg. 64)
Ans. Most of the people at Gemini Studios wore khadi and worshipped Gandhiji. Beyond that they
didn't have any appreciation for political thought of any kind. They all were clear in their minds
about their aversion to Communism and they called themselves Gandhiites.
Q.11 Why was the Moral Rearmament Army welcomed at Gemini Studios ? (Pg. 64)
Ans. Moral Rearmament Army was a kind of counter movement to international Communism. The
army was welcomed at Gemini Studios due to their political affiliations. Being, absolutely averse
to Communism, they played into the hands of this army. Thinking that they were welcoming a
force that stood against those who spread unrest and violence among ignorant, innocent people,
they received the group warmly.
Q.12 How was Gemini Studios influenced by the plays staged by MRA ? (Pg. 64)
OR
Name one example to show that Gemini Studios was influenced by the plays staged by MRA.
Ans. The two plays 'Jotham Valley' and 'The Forgotten Factor' staged by MRA so impressed the
Gemini family that the six hundred member strong family saw the plays over and over. Their
high quality costumes and well-made sets earned a lot of admiration. The sunrise and sunset
scene in 'Jotham Valley' so impressed them that these scenes were reproduced by Tamil Drama
Companies for years to come.
Q.13 Who was The Boss of Gemini Studios ? What do you learn about him from this account ?
(Pg. 64)
Ans. Mr. S. S. Vasan, the founder of Gemini Studios was the Boss there. Apart from producing films
in the studio, Mr. Vasan was an editor of a popular Tamil weekly 'Ananda Vikatan'. A great
admirer of scholarly people, Mr. Vasan was a simple gullible man who could be taken for a ride
by the calculating sycophants surrounding him.
Q.14 What caused the lack of communication between the Englishman and the people at Gemini
Studios ? (Pg. 64)
Ans. There was a lack of communication between the Englishman and the Gemini family as the visitor
was absolutely little known to all those who ventured to welcome him. Vague speeches in his
welcome and honour were made which the Englishman didn't understand at all. The contents of
his speech and his accent were also found to be beyond the comprehension of his audience.
Hence, there was no question of any communication between him and the audience.
Q.15 Why is the Englishman's visit referred to as an unexplained mystery ? (Pg. 64)
Ans. The Englishman's visit raised many questions and doubts in the minds of those working in the
Gemini Studios. Neither his name was familiar nor his credentials were confirmed. Even his
speech proved to be beyond everybody's comprehension. It was also difficult to digest why he
came in a film studio which made Tamil films for simple people, who had no taste for English
poetry. Hence, his visit is referred to as an unexplained mystery.
Q.16 Who was the English visitor to the studios ? (Pg. 65)
Ans. The identity of the English visitor to the studios remained a mystery for a long time. Nobody was
very clear about the visitor's identity and calling (vocation). It was years later that Asokamitran
discovered that it was Stephen Spender – the editor of 'The Encounter', a British periodical – who
had visited the Gemini Studios.
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Q.17 How did the author discover who the English visitor to the studios was ?(Pg. 65)
Ans. It was a sheer chance discovery that revealed the identity of the English visitor to the studios. An
advertisement in 'The Hindu' about a short story content organized by a British periodical, 'The
Encounter' prompted the author to visit the British Council Library to ascertain the authenticity of
the periodical. In fact, he didn't want to spend an exorbitant amount on the postage to send his
entry for the contest without fully satisfying himself about the periodical. In the British Council
Library, where he found several copies of the periodical, he read the editor's name as Stephen
Spender. Immediately he was able to connect the name to the gentleman who had visited the
studios years back.
Q.18 What does 'The God that Failed' refer to ? (Pg. 65)
Ans. 'The God That Failed' refers to a book that was a compilation of half a dozen essays by six
eminent essayists. A low priced student edition, it was a paper-back of American origin that was
published to commemorate 50th anniversary of the Russian Revolution. It dealt with the authors'
disillusionment with Communism.
Q.1 The author has used gentle humour to point out human foibles. Put out instances to show
how this serves to make the piece interesting. (Pg. 66)
Ans. The chapter ‘Poets and Pancakes’ is quite a dull and dry one if seen thematically. But
Asokamitran has added bits of humour here and there in the story. The entire chapter is
punctuated with subtle humour which the author has used to expose the human foibles without
hurting anyone’s feelings.
Exposing Robert Clive’s ambitious nature the writer says, “For his brief life and an even briefer
stay in Madras, Clive did a lot of moving, fought impossible battles and married a maiden in St.
Mary’s Church The office boy’s boasting and bragging about his talent is brought out when the
author is repeatedly enlightened on how great a literary, talent was going waste.
Human tendency of blaming one's unsuccess on others has been very beautifully brought out
through the character of office boy. His jealousy and ill-will for Subbu has been depicted with
subtle shades of humour.
Commenting on Subbu's exposure to affluent situations, he ridicules his ‘virtue’ the virtue of
being a Brahmin. His inefficiency is pointed out subtly when he comments. “He could never do
things on his own-but his sense of loyalty made him identify himself.” And “he always had work
for somebody.”
“The Boss” weakness for being seen in the company of scholars pointing out human foibles
creates amusing situations as it results in his inviting known and unknown personalities. Thus the
entire chapter is replete with traces of humour and flaunting his ideological beliefs.
Q.2 Why was Kothamangalam Subbu considered No. 2 in Gemini Studios? (Pg. 66)
Ans. Kothamangalam Subbu was on the attendance roll with the story department and was No.2 at
Gemini Studios not by virtue of any merit, but because he was a Brahmin with exposure to
affluent situations and people. He was cheerful and had a sense a loyalty that placed him close to
the Boss. He was quick to delegate work to others. As if tailor-made for films, sparks of his
creativity showed in his suggestions on how to create shots. He composed poetry, scripted a story
and a novel. He gave direction and definition to Gemini Studios during its golden years. He
performed in a subsidiary role better than the main players. He had genuine love for his relatives
and near and dear ones. His extravagant hospitality was popular among his relatives and
acquaintances; probably that is why he had enemies.
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Q.3 How does the author describe the incongruity of an English poet addressing the audience at
Gemini Studios? (Pg. 66)
Ans. The Gemini Studios witnessed a surprising visit by a tall Englishman who was proclaimed to be a
poet. The welcome speech by the Boss was delivered in the most general terms, which only
showed that even the Boss did not know much about him. The poet talked about the thrill and
travails of an English poet which made no sense to the simple people at Gemini Studios. They
had no exposure other than films and so, they were not interested. Also, words like democracy
and freedom that featured in his speech held no interest for them as they had no political through
or interests.
Moreover, the Englishman's accent was difficult to understand, because of which all
communications failed. He was basically a poet and that made no sense to the people whose life
centred round a film studio. Therefore, his visit and his speech seemed irrelevant to the people of
Gemini studio.
Q.4 What do you understand about the author's literary inclinations from the account? (Pg. 66)
Ans. The author, Asokamitran, was entrusted with the job of maintaining the newspaper clippings of
movies and other articles. Though to other, who just saw him tearing papers, he appeared to be
doing nothing, the job kept the author well informed. The text itself speaks for his literary
inclinations as he has beautifully incorporated the details of Gemini studios and the experiences
he had there. The way he has induced humour pointing out human foibles, depicting different
characters and their manners, in a language blending precision and scholasticism present him as
the master of art of writing. His visit to British Council library to be sure about the journal and
being attracted to the books on the footpath also show his taste for literature. The selection choice
of words and the way, they have been used to animate the description, can be done only by a man
with a powerful literary bent of mind.
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EXTRA QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
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SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS
Q.1 Why did everybody in the studio think of giving the author some work to do?
Ans. The author’s job was to cut out newspaper clippings on a wide variety of subjects and store them
in files. Most people saw him doing this and considered it as useless work as they felt he was
doing next to nothing. So everyone in the studio thought of giving the author some work to do.
Q.2 Why did the ‘boy’ in the make-up department come to the author? Why was the author
praying for crowd shooting all the time?
Ans. The ‘boy’ in the make-up department thought that he had a great literary talent and he wanted to
enlighten the author how this talent was being allowed to go waste and that the department was
fit for barbers and perverts. The author was very eager to avoid his epical narrations so he prayed
for crowd-shooting all the time to keep the ‘boy’ busy.
Q.3 Who was Subbu’s enemy? Why?
Ans. Subbu’s enemy was the ‘boy’ at the make-up department. All his anger and frustration were
directed against him. The boy was convinced that Subbu was the cause of his woes and miseries.
This ‘boy’ was jealous of Subbu’s rising status, his success and his intimacy with the boss.
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LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS
Q.10 Subbu was ‘tailor-made for films’. How did he use his genius in various activities in the
Gemini Studios?
Ans. The author portrays Subbu as a man of versatile abilities who could delve into various aspects of
film-making successfully. Subbu had mastered all the arts related to film-making ranging from
story-writing to poetry and characterisation. He was in fact ‘tailor- made’ for film- making. Filmmaking seemed rather easy with an expert like Subbu walking around as he understood all the
trivialities and technicalities of film-making. Subbu was the one who gave ‘a new direction and
definition’ to the Gemini Studios during its golden years. Subbu directed his entire energies and
creativity to his boss, Mr. Vasan’s advantage. If there were any problems, Subbu would always
have solutions to them. He understood all the complications of film-making and could showcase
his talent in every artistic arena.
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Q.4 What were the positive qualities of Subbu that the writer admired?
Ans. The writer admired Subbu as he was a multi-faceted genius and gave a new direction and
definition to Gemini Studios. Subbu knew the technicalities and details of film-making and was
a good actor and writer. He was civil, friendly and completely devoted to his boss, Mr. Vasan.
Q.5 Account for Subbu’s importance in Gemini Studios.
Ans. Subbu was a multi-faceted genius. He was a poet, a writer and a great actor. He gave a new
meaning and direction not only to Gemini Studios but also to the art of film-making by using all
his energy and creativity to the company’s advantage. Moreover, because of his noble and
charitable nature he was loved by almost everyone.
Q.6 Why was the Moral Re-Armament army welcomed at the Gemini Studios?
Ans. The Moral Re-Armament army was a kind of counter movement to International Communism.
The big boss of Gemini Studios, Mr. Vasan literally played into their hands. People at the Gemini
Studios had an aversion to communism. So the Moral Re-armament Army could not have found
a better host in India than the Gemini Studios who welcomed them warmly.
Q.7 Why did Asokamirtan pray for crowd-shooting all the time?
Ans. Asokamirtan was wrongly believed to have nothing to do so the office-boy often came to his
cubicle to give an outlet to his frustrations and stress the fact that a great talent was being wasted.
The author was bored with the office boy’s never-ending babble and prayed for crowd-shooting
all the time so that the boy remained busy and did not pester him.
Q.8 What made the lawyer lose his job? What does the writer find so funny about the
situation?
Ans. The lawyer was the legal adviser of an assembly of writers of the Gemini Studio’s Story
Department. One day, the Boss terminated the services of the poets and writers as he found their
contribution to the Studio negligible. With the closure of the Story Department the lawyer too
lost his job. The writer found this situation funny because the lawyer lost his job as the poets and
writers were told to go.
Q.9 Kothamangalam Subbu was treated with regard in the Gemini Studios. Why?
Ans. Kothamangalam Subbu was treated with regard at Gemini Studios. He held the No. 2 position
there. His sense of loyalty made him turn his entire creativity to his Boss’ advantage. Moreover,
he could be inspired when commanded and he made the art of film-making appear very easy. He
was a most charitable and improvident man.
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Q.11 ‘Subbu was a troubleshooter.’ Do you agree with this statement? Give an account of
Subbu’s qualities of head and heart.
Ans. Subbu was a perfect go-getter whose obsequiousness might have brought him close to his boss
and shot him to number two position at Gemini Studios. He was an intelligent fellow who could
use his talent and creativity for the advantage of his boss. It there were any problems, he could
offer several innovative solutions for the problem befitting the appeasement of the higher
authorities. He had genuine love for anyone he came across and his house was a permanent
residence for dozens of near and far relations and acquaintances. He perhaps, never cared that he
was feeding and supporting a lot many people. Though he was only as deserving and talented as
the office boy, he always remained cheerful and did not let anything dampen his spirits. He
always had something good to say about everyone. Film-making appeared easy with an expert
like Subbu around. He used all his energy and creativity to his boss’ advantage. Subbu was also a
great poet and an amazing actor. He wrote truly original poems for the masses and as an actor he
played his roles better than the main actors. His proximity to his boss earned him enemies. Also
he angered many such people who considered themselves much more talented and deserving than
him.
Q.12 What political significance does Gemini Studios’ invitation to Moral Re-Armament army
and Stephen Spender show?
Ans. The Moral Re-Armament army was a kind of counter movement to communism and the people at
the Gemini Studios had a natural aversion towards communists and communism. They
considered that the aim of communists was to spread unrest and violence. So by being a ‘warm
host’ to the Moral Re-Armament army the people at the Gemini Studios actually displayed a
counter feelings to the ideas of communism. By inviting Stephen Spender, once again the
purpose of the Gemini Studios was to highlight how a renowned English poet, who was once
attracted to communism, was later completely disillusioned by it. This further strengthened their
aversion to communism and they were able to publicly display this aversion.
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EXTRACT BASED QUESTIONS
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A strict hierarchy was maintained in the make-up department. The chief make-up man made the
chief actors and actresses ugly, his senior assistant the 'second' hero and heroine, the junior
assistant the main comedian, and so forth. The players who played the crowd were the
responsibility of the office boy. Even the make-up department of the Gemini Studio had an
'office boy'! On the days when there was crowd-shooting, you could see him mixing his paint in a
giant vessel and slapping it on the crowd players. The idea was to close every pore on the surface
of the face in the process of applying make-up. He wasn't exactly a 'boy'; he was in his early
forties, having entered the studios years ago in the hope of becoming a star actor or a top screen
writer, director or lyrics writer. He was a bit of a poet.
Q.1 Whom did the office boy paint?
(A) Actors
(B) Actress
Q.2 What was the dream of office boy?
(A) Of becoming a star actor
(C) Of becoming a director
(C) Both of them
(D) None of these
(B) Of becoming a screen writer
(D) All of these
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Q.3 Find out the synonym of the word 'Hierarchy' from the following?
(A) Order
(B) Disorder
(C) Mismanaged
(D) None of these
Q.4 Who was responsible for the make-up of crowd players?
(A) Chief make-up man
(B) Senior assistant
(C) Office boy
(D) Junior assistant
Ans. 1.(D)
2.(D)
3.(A)
4.(C)
QUESTIONS FOR PRACTICE
SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
What is meant by 'Pancake' in the chapter? What idea does the author give about the product?
How and why were the decent looking artists painted into 'hideous crimson hued monsters'?
In spite of being in his early forties, why was the 'office boy' still called a boy?
Why did the office boy have so much of bitterness against Subbu?
What advantage did Subbu have over the office boy?
How did the lawyer unwittingly bring an end to a brief and brilliant career of a young actress?
How did the lawyer lose his job in the Gemini Studios?
What misconceptions did the author and his khadi-clad friends have about Communists?
In what connection did the writer visit British Council Library?
Stephen Spender's visit to the Gemini Studios was viewed as an unexplained mystery by the
Gemini family. How did Asokamitran solve this mystery years later?
Discuss the significance of the make-up room in the chapter, ‘Poets and Pancakes’.
‘In all instances of frustration, you will always find the anger directed towards a single person
openly or covertly…’
Do you think it is right to direct our anger towards someone who is not responsible for
the cause of anger? Justify.
1.
Describe the make-up department of Gemini Studios.
2.
What views does the author express about prose-writing? Does he actually mean what he says?
3.
What idea do you get about Stephen Spender from the chapter "Poets and Pancakes".
4.
Bring out the humour of Stephen Spender's visit to Gemini Studios.
5.
Give a brief character sketch of the lawyer.
6.
What idea do you get about the narrator from the chapter "Poets and Pancakes"?
7.
'Such a charitable and improvident man, and yet he (Subbu) had enemies.' Comment.
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LONG ANSWER QUESTION
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LESSON – 7
THE INTERVIEW
BY CHRISTOPHER SILVESTER
Christopher Silvester (1959) was a student of history at Peterhouse, Cambridge. He was a reporter of
Private Eye for ten years and has written features for Vanity Fair. Following is an excerpt taken from
his introduction to the Penguin Book of Interviews, An Anthology from 1859 to the Present Day.
THEME :The interview as a communication genre.
SUB-THEME :An excerpt from an interview with an author.
CHARACTERS :Part – I
1. V.S. Naipaul
2. Lewis Carroll
3. Rudyard Kipling
4. H.G. Wells
5. Saul Bellow
6. Denis Brain
Part - II
1. Mukund Padmanabhan- interviewer
2. Umberto Eco – Professor at the University of Bologna
SETTING :Part-1 :
General description of interview.
Part-II :
Umberto Eco's house.
HIGHLIGHTS
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Part-I
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In this piece the writer talks about the positive and negative aspects of an interview.
Interview got its invention little our 130 years ago.
Opinions about the interview vary considerably.
Some people believe it to be a source of authentic information whereas others believe it to be an
unnecessary evil as they consider it an intrusion in their personal lives.
Lewis Carol the creator of characters like 'Alice in Wonderland' was proud that he never gave
an interview.
Rudyard Kipling believed that interviewing was immoral, it’s a crime. It is cowardly and vile.
H.G. well refers in interview as an 'ordeal'.
Saul Bellow considers or describes interview as thumbprint on windpipe.
In spite of its negatives the writer feels that interview is a valuable resource, a medium of
communication.
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Part-II
It is an excerpt from an interview by Mukand Padmanahan from the Hindu with a writer and
professor Umberto Eco.
He was an expert in Semiotics.
His novel 'The Name of the Rose' sold as many as 10-15 million copies.
Umberto Eco also shares his secrets that he works in interstices.
He tells the interviewer Mukund that he had perfected the art of writing in narrative style.
Mukund wants to know how he felt when people referred to him as a famous novelist though he
was writer of non-fiction work.
Umberto Eco considers himself as university professor rather as a novelist.
Eco tells Mukund that his novels deals with metaphysics, theology and medieval history.
Mukund wishes to know about success secret of the novel, on which Eco says that it’s a
mystery.
An interview can be called an interaction wherein the interviewer elicits responses from the
interviewee. As a result an interview becomes an authentic source of information.
Commonplace
-
Common, Everyday
Unwarranted
-
Unjustifiable, Insupportable
Despise
-
Loathe, Hate
Lionize
-
Idolize, Honour
Vile
-
Bad, Nasty
Repel
-
Force back, Push back
Perpetrate
-
Commit, Perform
Aesthetics
-
A branch of philosophy dealing of nature of beauty
Interstices
-
Gaps, Spaces
Playful
-
Joking, Frolicsome
Dissertation
-
Thesis, Essay
Seminal
-
Important, Influential
Yarn
-
Narration, Story
Delve
-
Explore, Investigate
Trash
-
Waste, Scrap
KEY LEARNINGS
1.
Umberto Eco was essentially an academician who followed scholarly pursuits through his
academic writings.
2.
Mukund Padmanabhan was a well-informed journalist who quite dexterously elicited the details
from the interviewees by making them comfortable.
3.
Umberto Eco worked in empty spaces which he called interstices. To him, passive waiting was
actually active writing time.
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4.
Celebrities opine differently about interviews which results from their personal experiences.
5.
Academic writing style is generally dry, depersonalized and boring but Eco wrote in a personal
and playful manner.
6.
Celebrities despise interviews as they are generally the victims of interviews making unwarranted
intrusions into their personal lives.
N.B. – These points may prove helpful in framing your answers.
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS BASED ON EXTRACTS
(A) Maybe I give the impression of doing many things. But in the end, I am convinced I am always
doing the same thing… And then I have a secret. Did you know what will happen if you eliminate
the empty spaces from the universe, eliminate the empty spaces in all the atoms? The universe will
become as big as my fist. Similarly, we have a lot of empty spaces in our lives. I call them
interstices. Say you are coming over to my place. You are in an elevator and while you are coming
up, I am waiting for you. This is an interstice, an empty space. I work in empty spaces.
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(i)
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Read the questions given below. Imagine they were interjections raised by the interviewer
based on the above extract. Choose the option that correctly describes the given questions.
(i) If you are “always doing the same thing”, isn’t your work lacking in originality?
(ii) Could you elaborate on these larger ethical, philosophical interests that inform your work?
(iii) All writing happens in empty spaces. In fact, why don’t I tell you all about my experiences?
(a) (i) is not relevant; (ii) is appropriate; and (iii) is unnecessary
(b) (i) is appropriate; (ii) is repetitive; and (iii) is useful information
(c) (i) is inappropriate; (ii) is relevant; and (iii) is not relevant
(d) (i) is unnecessary; (ii) is intrusive; and (iii) is extrapolatory
(ii) Based on your reading of Part I of ‘The Interview’, which one of the following may NOT be
an appropriate title to the above extract?
(a) The Empty Spaces of Umberto Eco
(b) Big Exposé: Eco’s Secret Revealed!
(c) “I am always doing the same thing”: Eco’s Echoes
(d) Umberto Eco, Mr. Prolific!
(iii) “I work in empty spaces”. Choose the option that most accurately captures Eco’s idea of
empty spaces.
(i) management of time
(ii) organization of space
(iii) philosophical inclination
(iv) command of thought
(a) Options (i) and (ii)
(b) Options (iii) and (iv)
(c) Options (i) and (iii)
(d) Options (ii) and (iv)
(iv) Umberto Eco states that ‘empty spaces’ actually fill spaces, and without them the universe
would be the size of the human fist. He also goes on to say that it is in an interstice such as
waiting, which the dictionary defines as a time for pause that he works. That is, passive
waiting is essentially active writing time. Choose the literary device that best describes what
Eco does with the concepts of ‘empty spaces’ and ‘waiting’.
(a) juxtaposition
(b) irony
(c) oxymoron
(d) symbolism
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(B)
Saul Bellow, who has consented to be interviewed on several occasions, nevertheless once
described interviews as being like thumbprints on his windpipe. Yet despite the drawbacks of the
interview, it is a supremely serviceable medium of communication. “These days, more than at
any other time, our most vivid impressions of our contemporaries are through interviews,” Denis
Brian has written. “Almost everything of moment reaches us through one man asking questions
of another. Because of this, the interviewer holds a position of unprecedented power and
influence.”
(i)
How would you describe Denis Brian’s opinion on interviews? Choose the most appropriate
option.
(i) appeasing
(ii) utilitarian
(iii) approving
(iv) praising
(a) Options (i) and (ii)
(b) Options (iii) and (iv)
(c) Options (ii) and (iii)
(d) Options (i) and (iv)
(ii) According to Saul Bellow, interviews are like thumbprints on his windpipe. What emotion
might best describe such an image?
(a) sadness
(b) frustration
(c) pain
(d) fear
(iii) Denis Brian states that the interviewer occupies a position of power and influence
as ___________
(a) Everything reaches us through one man asking questions of another.
(b) The interview is a supremely serviceable medium of communication.
(c) Our most vivid impressions of our contemporaries are through interviews.
(d) Interviews are like thumbprints on the interviewee’s windpipe.
(iv) The use of the word “serviceable” implies that interviews are _________
(a) significant
(b) powerful
(c) advanced
(d) useful
ANSWERS
(A) (i)-c ; (ii)-b ; (iii)-c ; (iv)-a
(B) (i)-c ; (ii)-c ; (iii)-a ; (iv)-d
THINK AS YOU READ
Q.1 What are some of the positive views on interviews? (Pg. 69)
Ans. Interview is a genre that became a commonplace of journalism within thirteen to fourteen
decades of its invention. It is an art that brings out truth and vivid delineation of the interviewee.
It is an extremely useful medium of communication.
Q.2 Why do most celebrity writers despise being interviewed? (Pg. 69)
Ans. Most of the celebrities shun interviews as they believe that interviews leave a disparaging effect
on their personalities. They consider them to be an encroachment on their privacy. Writers like
V.S. Naipaul feel being wounded by interviews and losing a part of themselves. Still others like
Rudyard Kipling condemn them as immoral, an offence, a crime and something vile and
cowardly while Saul Bellow feels a sense of suffocation during the course of interviews.
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Q.3 What is the belief in some primitive cultures about being photographed? (Pg. 69)
Ans. Some primitive cultures view photography with a great sense of apprehension. They do not like to get
themselves photographed as they have a fallacious belief that it would rob one of one's very soul.
Q.4 What do you understand by the expression 'thumbprints on his windpipe'? (Pg. 69)
Ans. Saul Bellow compares interview to 'thumbprints on the windpipe'. It is an expression which reveals
how uneasy and suffocated, the celebrity felt during the course of an interview. The interviewee feels
as though pressure is being exerted on his windpipe (throat) by the interviewer with his thumb as in
strangulation.
Q.5 Who, in today's world, is our chief source of information about personalities? (Pg. 69)
Ans. Ever since the invention of interviews, this medium of communication has been our chief source of
information about great personalities and celebrities. What biographies and autobiographies reveal in
long and voluminous books, interviews convey in far lesser time and with far greater vividness.
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UNDERSTANDING THE TEXT
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Q.1 Do you think Umberto Eco likes being interviewed? Give reasons for your opinion. (Pg. 73)
Ans. Any celebrity having a dislike for interviews would not answer the questions of the interviewer in
a spirited manner in which Eco answered the questions posed by Mukund Padmanabhan. Eco's
readiness to answer all questions humbly, truthfully, sincerely and in great details shows that he
likes being interviewed and doesn't mind sharing his experiences with the world. At no point
does he seem to be in a hurry to wind up the interview.
Q.2 How does Eco find the time to write so much? (Pg. 73)
Ans. Eco believes in catching time by the forelock. He takes care of his minutes and his hours take
care of themselves. The 'interstices' i.e. the gap or space between any two pieces of work, which
is usually ignored by most of us, are well utilized by this scholar. Hence, he finds time to write so
much.
Q.3 What was distinctive about Eco's academic writing style? (Pg. 73)
OR
How is Umberto Eco's style of writing non-fictional scholarly work different from the
regular academic style?
Ans. Regular academic style is depersonalised, dull, drab and boring. Umberto Eco has an absolutely
informal, playful style with a narrative aspect. He tells the story of research with all trials and
errors very vividly. His research work has the quality of creative writing. It makes an informative
as well as an interesting reading.
Q.4 Did Umberto Eco-consider himself a novelist first or an academic scholar?(Pg. 73)
OR
Did Umberto Eco like to be identified as a novelist? Support your answer.
Ans. Though as compared to his scholarly works, Umberto Eco's fiction made him reach a much larger
audience, the professor prefers being referred to as an academic scholar. He participates in
academic conferences and not in writers' meetings. He identifies himself with the academic
community and turns to fiction only when he is not pursuing some scholarly work.
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Q.5 What is the reason for the huge success of the novel 'The Name of the Rose'? (Pg. 73)
Ans. The reason behind the success of 'The Name of the Rose' cannot be pinpointed, as Umberto Eco
himself calls its success a mystery. Probably this detective story delving into metaphysics,
theology and medieval history interested the readers as it was written at the most appropriate
time, neither a decade earlier nor later.
EXTRA QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS
Q.1 Other than celebrities, what do some people think about an interview?
Ans. Other than celebrities, mostly common persons think that an interview is the only and best source
of truth. It according to them is an art.
Q.2 In which way do the celebrities take an interview?
Ans. Celebrities find themselves as victims; they take interview as an unwarranted intrusion into their
lives which somehow diminishes them.
Q.3 What did ‘Caroline’, the wife of ‘Rudyard Kipling’ write in her diary?
Ans. Caroline wrote that two reporters from Boston destroyed their whole day on 14 October, 1892.
Q.4 Who described interview like thumbprints on his windpipe and why?
Ans. ‘Saul Bellow’ once described interviews as being like thumbprints on his windpipe because he
became exhausted by the interviews.
Q.5 How Umberto Eco managed to write too much in his life?
Ans. Umberto Eco started to utilize interstices: the empty space which according to him is enough
with everyone. He wrote in those empty spaces and thus could have a staggeringly large output.
Q.6 How can we say that Umberto Eco had a wide range of writing?
Ans. Umberto Eco was an expert in semiotics and other than this he started to write fiction, literary
writings can be easily understood.
Q.7 What is Umberto Eco’s theory of interstices?
Ans. Umberto Eco says about the elimination of empty spaces from the universe, from all the atoms
and then the universe would become as big as his fist.
Q.8 How many copies of the novel ‘The Name of the Rose’ were sold?
Ans. More than 10 million copies of the novel ‘The Name of the Rose’ were sold.
Q.9 How and when did Umberto Eco start to write novels?
Ans. Umberto Eco started to write novels accidently at the age of 50. One day he had nothing to do
and so he started. Novels satisfied his test for narration.
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fiction, academic texts, essays, children’s books, newspaper articles etc. So his versatility in
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Q.10 Umberto Eco does many things, but says, “I am always doing the same thing but that is
more difficult to explain”. What does he mean to say?
Ans. Umberto Eco says that he has philosophical interests which reflect in all his writings : fiction and
non-fiction. In this way, he does the same thing, though he seems to pursue various activities :
writing notes for newspapers, novels, teaching, writing essays, children’s books etc. but they are
all infused with his ideas on known violence and peace.
Q.11 Despite the drawbacks, the interview is a ‘supremely serviceable medium of communication’.
Explain.
Ans. Despite its drawbacks, the interview has its own advantages. Though, interview is an intrusion into
the personal life of the interviewee, it is always a supremely serviceable medium of communication.
Through the interviews, we get vivid impressions of our contemporary celebrities. We get a glance
into their personal lives and a lot many things which otherwise we don't get to know.
Q.12 What was unique and distinctive about Eco’s academic writing style?
OR
What do you learn about Umberto Eco’s distinctive style in his doctoral dissertation?
Ans. Umberto Eco’s academic writing style is personal, informal and playful. He fills his research stories
with all the trials and errors so that even his research work has the uniqueness of creative writing and
reading. It is not only informative but also interesting.
Q.13 What did the publisher think of ‘The Name of the Rose’?
Ans. The American publisher of ‘The Name of the Rose’ loved and liked the novel but did not expect to
sell more than 3,000 copies. According to her, no one goes to a cathedral or studies Latin in America
so it was really difficult to sell such a novel there. But the publisher was proved wrong as two to three
million copies of the novel were sold in America.
Q.14 What drawbacks of interviews have been pointed out by Lewis Carroll?
Ans. Lewis Carroll said to have had a just horror of the interviewer and he never consented to be
interviewed for fear of being projected as larger than life.
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LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS
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Q.15 Give a character sketch of Umberto Eco on the basis of the chapter ‘The Interview’.
Ans. Umberto Eco, a university professor at the University of Bologna in Italy, is an academician and a
famous novelist. He, through various interviews discloses his secret of success in life and never hates
the interviewers. He has a taste for various fields of writings such as academic texts, fiction and nonfiction, literary fiction, essays, children’s books, newspaper articles etc.
He always wanted to be called an academician not a novelist. He used to participate in academic
conferences, on the other hand, he avoided the meetings of writers and Pen Club Members. He wrote
more than forty scholarly works and novels, only five. He used to devote time for writing novels only
on ‘Sundays’. He discovered a magical trick of working in interstices.
He captured the empty spaces for writing notes or any content. He had an expertise in ‘Semiotics’ i.e.
the study of signs. He never became a slave of false pride as he openly admitted that his novel ‘The
Name of the Rose’ got success accidently and the time was in his favour. He didn’t have any attitude
of a celebrity though his novel was bought by more than the 10 millions of the readers.
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Q.16 ‘Mukund Padmanabhan’ was a reporter from ‘The Hindu’. In the context of the chapter,
reveal his traits as an interviewer.
Ans. Mukund Padmanabhan is a well informed and skilful journalist of the Hindu who seems to have done
a good research before interviewing Umberto Eco as he ask questions on variety of aspects pertaining
to his writing. His questions to Eco suggest that he has accumulated a good knowledge about Eco's
writing style, his literary output, his philosophy etc. He doesn't ask very personal or insulting
questions to his interviewed rather he makes the discourse quite light with his friendly manner and
simple questions. The selection of questions is such that the interviewee feels encouraged to engage
more and more in the interview. He doesn't try to put words into the interviewee's mouth and create
an awkward situation rather he creates such a healthy atmosphere that the interviewee reveals
everything. The chapter presents him as an open-minded person who is fully devoted to his duties. He
is a man of clear objectives and sincerely works towards achieving them. He also comes out as a man
of ready-wit, the way the links and relates his questions.
Q.17 Several celebrities despise being interviewed. Is this justified? Why? Why not?
Ans. Several celebrities are interviewed every year and some of them repeatedly. People make
extravagant claims for it as being in its highest form a source of truth and in practice an art but
the celebrities who see themselves as its victims despise interview as its victims despise
interview because through interview people try to intrude into their lives and even insult them.
The interviewers try to create awkward situations for them and make them feel humiliated.
V.S.Naipaul said that people are wounded by interview and lose a part of themselves.
Lewis Carroll was also afraid of the interviewers as he thought they would lionize him which he
didn't like Rudyard Kipling had even more condemnatory attitude towards interview. He said that
interview is vile and a crime. He said that on interview should be punished just as the one who
attacks somebody. Similarly, Mark Twain, H.G. Wells and Soul Bellow also expressed negative
opinions about interview because of the bad experiences the might have had.
To conclude, it can be said that celebrities despising interview is justified only to a certain extent
because though they may have negative experiences of interview yet they enjoy its positive side
as well.
Q.18 Why did Umberto Eco start writing novels and when? What does Eco say about the huge
success of his novel, ‘The Name of the Rose’ in spite of it being a difficult and very serious
novel?
Ans. Umberto Eco was essentially an academician who pursued his scholarly pursuits through
academic writings. He wrote over forty non-fictions and as he himself says, ‘he became a
novelist by accident’. He started writing novels at the age of almost fifty. Eco considers himself
‘a university professor who writes novels (only) on Sundays’. He is not very sure about any one
single reason for the huge success of his novel ‘The Name of the Rose’. He feels perhaps the
timing of the novel’s publication was the most important factor of its success. The fact that at one
level it appears to be a detective yarn but also delves into metaphysics, theology and medieval
history also adds to its appeal. Though the novel is quite a heavy reading experience, it attracted a
mass audience and made Eco popular more as a novelist rather than an academic scholar.
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English
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EXTRACT BASED QUESTIONS
Mukund: Which brings me to my next question. The name of the Rose is a very serious novel.
It's a detective yarn at one level but it also delves into metaphysics, theology, and medieval
history. Yet it enjoyed a huge mass audience. Were you puzzled at all by this?
Q.1 Who wrote 'The Name of the Rose'?
(A) Christopher Silvester
(B) Umberto Eco
(C) Lewis Carroll
(D) None of these
Q.2 How many copies of 'The Name of the Rose' were sold?
(A) 10 million
(B) Fewer than 10 million
(C) More than 10 million
(D) All of these
Q.3 Who was taking Umberto Eco's interview?
(A) Lewis Carroll
(B) Mukund
(C) Rudyard Kipling (D) None of these
Q.4 What does the word 'yarn' mean?
(A) Narration
(B) Recital
(C) Both 1 and 2
(D) Neither 1 nor 2
Ans. 1.(B)
2.(C)
3.(B)
4.(C)
QUESTIONS FOR PRACTICE
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SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS
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1.
Why do people's views on interviews differ from those of the celebrities?
2.
What grudge did Lewis Carroll have against interview?
3.
What was odd about Rudyard Kipling interviewing Mark Twain?
4.
What are the drawbacks of an interview?
5.
Why is interview a supremely serviceable medium of communication despite its drawbacks?
6.
What are Denis Brian's views about interviews and the interviewers?
7.
Umberto Eco's staggeringly large and wide-ranging work puzzles everybody. What does the scholar
have to say about it?
8.
Explain what does Umberto Eco mean by eliminating empty spaces from the universe and our lives?
9.
Bring out Umberto Eco's humility and modesty as evident in "The Interview".
10.
What do you understand by 'Interstices'? How does Umberto Eco utilize his 'interstices'?
11.
How did Umberto Eco get to adopt an informal approach and a playful personal style in writing
scholarly work?
12.
Why did Roland Barthes, a dear friend of Umberto Eco die a frustrated man? Why did Umberto
never feel that frustration?
13.
Explain: "I started writing novels by accident".
14.
How did Umberto Eco become spectacularly famous?
15.
Why did the spectacular success of 'The Name of the Rose' puzzle the journalists and the publishers?
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16.
How do Umberto Eco's idea about people's taste for reading differ from that of the journalists?
17.
What sort of television programmes does Umberto Eco watch after dinner and why?
18.
How would you evaluate Mukund Padmanabhan as an interviewer? Mention at least two qualities he
displays in his interview, supported by textual evidence.
LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS
1.
Are the different celebrities in "The Interview" justified in condemning interviews?
2.
Give a pen portrait of Umberto Eco on the basis of the chapter "The Interview".
3.
Though Eco identified himself with academic community, his taste for narration was there right from
the beginning and it sustained itself throughout. Comment.
4.
How far does Mukund Padmanabhan impress you as an interviewer? Do you consider his interview
with Umberto Eco a success?
5.
What idea do you form about 'The Name of the Rose' from the chapter "The Interview"?
6.
Imagine that you are Christopher Silvester. You have been invited to a seminar series titled –
‘Ethics and Techniques of Interviewing’.
The organisers would like you to speak about the challenges of conducting interviews, and skills
interviewers must have in order to conduct good and ethical interviews.
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Based on your reading of The Interview, Part I and II, draft your speech. Include relevant details
from the text in support of your answer.
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LESSON – 8
GOING PLACES
BY A.R.BARTON
A.B.Barton is a modern writer, who lives in Zurich and writes in English. In the story Going Places,
Barton explores the theme of adolescent fantasising and hero worship.
THEME :Adolescent hero-worship and fantasising.
SUB-THEME :Relationships-family, friends.
CHARACTERS :1. Sophie – day dreamer
2. Jansie – Sophie's friend
3. Geoff – Sophie's elder brother
4. Derek – Sophie's younger brother
5. Danny Casey – Irish footballer
6. Sophie's Mother
7. Sophie's Father
SETTING :Locale around Sophie's house.
HIGHLIGHTS
The lesson explores the theme of adolescent fantasies and hero worship.
Sophie and Jansie are both in the last year of high school and both knew that they were destined
to work in the biscuit factory as they belong to a working class family.
Yet, Sophie, always dreams of big and beautiful things, glamour and glory.
Her ambitions are not rooted in reality i.e., have no relation with the harsh realities of life.
In contrast is Jansie, Sophie’s friend, a realistic and practical girl.
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Sophie wanted to become a boutique owner, a manager, actress or a fashion designer. Sophie is
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fascinated by Geoff's (elder brother) world. She wanted her brother to care about her more
deeply and introduce her to his world.
Sophie lives in a male-dominated family where her mother was only a shadow. The men were
football fans and the conversations around the dinner table were about Danny Casey, their
Hero.
Sophie dreamt of Danny Casey as well she told her father and brother about her meeting with
Casey.
Sophie even told them that he (Danny) is going to buy a shop. Father considered all this as
Sophie's wild stories.
Geoff warned Sophie that Casey might have strings of girls.
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On Saturday Sophie and her family made their weekly pilgrimage to watch United.
Jansie confronted Sophie about the fact that she met Danny Casey.
But she carries her fantasies too far when she starts to live them.
Sophie imagines Casey coming along the canal. The thought of his not coming starts making
her sad but she doesn’t want to give up on her dream.
Sophie once again dreams of meeting Casey at Royce and imagines his physical appearance.
She fails to differentiate her dreams from reality.
She saw him during matches and in fact, this was the only time she had seen him.
Earmarked
-
Set aside, Reserved
Melancholy
-
Sadness, Unhappiness
Scoop
-
Taking up, Gulping
Crooked
-
Twisted, Curved
Cluttered
-
Untidy, Littered
Tinkering
-
Mending, Repairing
Prize out
-
Pull out, Force out
Exotic
-
Unusual, Striking
Cradle
-
Hold, Support
Arcade
-
A roofed passage, Gallery
Chastened
-
Insulted, Sorry
Wriggle
-
Wiggle, Turn or twist the body
Grimace
-
Frown, Scowl
Prodigy
-
Genius, Extraordinarily skilled person
Blend
-
Mixture, Amalgamation
Inquisition
-
Inquiry, Investigation
Nosey
-
Prying, Curious
Gawky
-
Clumsy, Ungainly
Chuffed
-
Pleased, Delighted
Envisage
-
Envision, Imagine
Freckled
-
Spotted, Dotted
Surrender
-
Acceptance, Submission
Gazelle
-
Antelope
Shimmer
-
Twinkle, Gleam
Lumbering
-
Heavy, Ponderous
Melodious
-
Sweet, Mellifluous
Exultant
-
Joy, Jubilance
Approbation
-
Approval, Support
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GLOSSARY
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KEY LEARNINGS
1.
The chapter talks of adolescent fantasizing and hero worship as the teenagers tend to engage in
unrealistic dreams and idolize famous personalities.
2.
Dreams inspire people to have achievements in one's life by instilling optimism.
3.
Over dreaming may have negative effects as well. It creates a gap between fantasy and reality,
and the dreamer may end up in the pit of depression.
4.
Unrealistic dreams are a sheer wastage of time.
5.
Sophie's dreams and disappointments are all in her mind.
6.
Unrealistic dreams distract you from your path of action and duty.
N.B. – These points may prove helpful in framing your answers.
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MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS BASED ON EXTRACTS
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(A) “She thinks money grows on trees, don’t she, Dad?’ said little Derek, hanging on the back of his
father’s chair. Their mother sighed. Sophie watched her back stooped over the sink and wondered
at the incongruity of the delicate bow which fastened her apron strings. The delicate-seeming
bow and the crooked back. The evening had already blacked in the windows and the small room
was steamy from the stove and cluttered with the heavy-breathing man in his vest at the table and
the dirty washing piled up in the corner. Sophie felt a tightening in her throat. She went to look
for her brother Geoff.
(i) Choose the correct option about Sophie’s parents based on the extract given above.
(a) Sophie’s parents’ marriage was an example of harmony and affection.
(b) Sophie’s relationship with her parents was warm and friendly.
(c) Sophie’s mother was subdued while her father was detached.
(d) Sophie and her brother didn’t like to stay with their parents.
(ii) Choose the option that supports the contention coming through Derek’s dialogue, “She
thinks money grows on trees, don’t she, Dad?”.
(a) Derek thought his sister to be unreasonable at times.
(b) Derek had no faith in Sophie’s abilities to open a boutique.
(c) Derek thought of his sister as someone who was not realistic.
(d) Derek was not at all happy about Sophie’s habit of day dreaming.
(iii) It could be inferred that Sophie’s mother was fatigued and burdened. Choose the option
listing the elements that form the basis of this inference.
(1) her sigh
(2) her delicate bow
(3) her apron’s strings
(4) her crooked back
(a) 1, 2
(b) 3, 4
(c) 2, 3
(d) 1, 4
(iv) “Sophie felt a tightening in her throat.” Pick the option that lists Sophie’s feelings in this
context.
(1) anxious
(2) annoyed
(3) uneasy
(4) terrified
(a) Options 1 & 3
(b) Options 2 & 3
(c) Options 1 & 4
(d) Options 2 & 4
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(B)
On Saturday they made their weekly pilgrimage to watch United. Sophie and her father and little
Derek went down near the goal — Geoff, as always, went with his mates higher up. United won
two-nil and Casey drove in the second goal, a blend of innocence and Irish genius, going round
the two big defenders on the edge of the penalty area, with her father screaming for him to pass,
and beating the hesitant goalkeeper from a dozen yards. Sophie glowed with pride. Afterwards
Geoff was ecstatic.
(i)
Their visit to the match was like a ‘weekly pilgrimage’ refers to _______
(a) strong bond as a family.
(b) love for a fixed routine.
(c) similar feelings of devotion.
(d) excitement for the match.
(ii)
Based on the following statements, choose the correct option.
Assertion: “Geoff, as always, went with his mates higher up.”
Reason 1: Geoff was not very close to his family and lived in his own world.
Reason 2: Geoff was rude and indifferent towards everyone around him and didn’t care
about anyone at all.
(a) Reason 1 and Reason 2 both can be inferred from the assertion.
(b) Reason 1 can be inferred but Reason 2 cannot be inferred from the assertion.
(c) Reason 1 cannot be inferred but Reason 2 can be inferred.
(d) Reason 1 and Reason 2 both cannot be inferred.
(iv) Choose the option listing the situation in which one would be ‘ecstatic’.
Scenario 1
Scenario 2
Scenario 3
Scenario 4
Going to an old age Being seated next to Going to a dog Coming home and
home and listening your favourite pop show and losing finding that there are
11 messages from
to them share stories singer during a short your pet there.
your Principal in
flight.
from the past.
your email inbox.
(a) Scenario 1
(b) Scenario 2
(c) Scenario 3
ANSWERS
(A) (i)-(c) ; (ii)-(c) ; (iii)-(d) ; (iv)-(a)
(B) (i)-(c) ; (ii)-(b) ; (iii)-(d) ; (iv)-(b)
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(d) Scenario 4
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(iii) ‘Sophie glowed with pride.’ Her pride is the result of
(a) belonging to a region where everyone thought of Danny as a hero.
(b) watching her father cheer and support Danny.
(c) The information she gathered from her brother, about Danny.
(d) being an avid fan and her sense of closeness with Danny.
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NCERT QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
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THINK AS YOU READ
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Q.1 Where was it most likely that the two girls would find work after school? (Pg. 79)
Ans. The two girls, Sophie and Jansie, were already destined for a job in the biscuit factory and it was
likely that they would work there after school.
Q.2 What were the options that Sophie was dreaming of? Why does Jansie discourage here to
have such dreams? (Pg. 79)
Ans. Sophie dreamt of opening a boutique or becoming an actress or a fashion designer. She thought
that she would be offered the position of a manager and that she would work there till the time
she saves enough money for her boutique.
Keeping in mind their lower middle class family background, Jansie discourages Sophie to have
such dreams. Jansie is more realistic and practical in life, and hence, knows that big ambitions
cost heavy investments, something their working-class status could not afford.
Q.3 Why did Sophie wriggle when Geoff told her father that she had met Danny Casey?(Pg. 81)
Ans. She wriggled when Geoff told her father that she had met Danny Casey because she was well
aware of her father's short-tempered nature. She knew that he would scold her for spreading wild
stories. Moreover, she was aware that no one would believe here. It is also possible that she did
not expect Geoff to share her secrets with others, even family members.
Q.4 Did Geoff believe what Sophie says about here meeting with Danny Casey? (Pg. 81)
Ans. No, Geoff did not believe what Sophie said about her meeting with Danny Casey. He calls it "the
unlikeliest thing he ever heard". Geoff expressed disbelief when Sophie told him that she had met
Danny Casey. He just looked around abruptly and asked her casually, where. When she said she
had met him in the arcade, he said it was not true and repeated 'I don't believe it'. He went on
asking her how he looked like and didn't seem to be convinced by the answer.
Q.5 Does her father believe her story? (Pg. 81)
Ans. Sophie's father does not believe her story. Even when Geoff declares that Sophie had met Danny.
He made an expression of disdain and turned the topic of conversation on someone who had
known Tom Finney, another great football player.
Q.6 How does Sophie include her brother Geoff in her fantasy of future?(Pg. 81)
Ans. Geoff had always been the first with whom she shared her fantasy of her future. She told him
about her meeting with Danny. She also shared her plan of meeting him the next week.
She longed to know more about Geoff and wished that someday he might take her with him.
She imagined herself riding behind Geoff one day.
Q.7 Which country did Danny Casey play for? (Pg. 81)
Ans. Danny Casey played football for Ireland.
Q.8 Why didn't Sophie want Jansie to know about her story with Danny? (Pg. 85)
OR
"Sophie's dreams and disappointments are all in her mind." Do you agree? Give reasons in
support of your answer.
Ans. I fully agree with the observation. Sophie's dreams and disappointments are all in her mind, she is
a hero-worshipper. The Irish prodigy is her hero. She imagines her meeting with him. Her daydreaming makes her sad and despondent. The idea that Casey will not come at all is quite painful
to her. Thus her dreams and disappointments are products of her mind only. They have nothing to
do with reality.
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Q.9 Did Sophie really meet Danny Casey? (Pg. 85)
Ans. No, Sophie did not actually meet Danny Casey. Although, she did go and sit on a wooden bench
near the canal, yet in her heart she knew that she was only imagining things. She imagined him
coming, and then imagined her own consequent excitement at his. She made up the story of her
encounter with Danny Casey perhaps to seek the attention of her brother, Geoff or out of
admiration for Casey.
Q.10 Which was the only occasion when she got to see Danny Casey in person?
Ans. The only occasion when Sophie got to see Danny Casey was when she when to watch the match
with her family. Sitting amongst spectators, Sophie saw Casey from a distance. The power of her
mind and fantasy was such that she concocted a story of her brief encounter with him and almost
got an autograph from him!
Q.1 Sophie and Jansie were class-mates and friends. What were the differences between them
that show up in the story? (Pg. 85)
Ans. Sophie and Jansie were different from each other. Sophie was a dreamer who enjoyed creating
her own fantasy world using her imagination. She showed an urge to transcend her working-class
status and attain sophistication by pursuing the ambition of becoming a fashion designer or an
actress. Jansie, on the other hand, was more practical and realistic than Sophie. She tried to pull
Sophie back to reality, but all in vain. Jansie's sensibility and maturity are evident in her attempt
to remind her friend that they were earmarked for the biscuit factory, and expensive dreams were
inappropriate to their financial status.
Q.2 How would you describe the character and temperament of Sophie's father?(Pg. 85)
OR
Describe the character of Sophie’s father and the role played by him.
Ans. Sophie’s father is a happy-go-lucky and carefree man. He does not appear to be either soft or
even sophisticated. He is a heavy breathing man. He usually sits in his vest at the table. Sophie, it
appears, fears him. He does not believe in his daughter’s ‘wild stories’ and so he ignores her
completely and prefers to go and watch television than listen to her. Even when his son Geoff
tells him that Sophie met the Irish prodigy Danny Casey, he completely ignores this news. He is
extremely interested in football and, like all his children, he also adores Danny Casey. He is a
middle-class man who goes to the pub on his bicycle to celebrate his team’s victory and the fact
that Casey had scored a second goal. He is a rather dominating person and a typical
representation of the lower middle-class family of that time.
Q.3 Why did Sophie like her brother Geoff more than any other person? From her perspective,
what did he symbolise? (Pg. 85)
Ans. Sophie liked her brother, Goeff, more than anybody else because he was not in the habit of
talking much and remained lost in his own thoughts. She wanted to be a part of that world and
she fancied herself warning glamorous clothes and being welcomed by everyone. For Sophie,
Geoff symbolized liberty from the monotonous life they had been living.
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UNDERSTANDING THE TEXT
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Q.4 What socio-economic background does Sophie belong to? What are the indicators of her
family's financial status? (Pg. 85)
Ans. Sophie belongs to a lower middle class socio-economic background. She live in a small house
with her parents and two brothers, Derek and Geoff. When she returns home after school, she
feels choked with the seam of the stove and is disgusted with the dirty dishes piled in a corner.
Her mother's back has become stooped and bent by handling all the household chores and
responsibilities on her own. Her father is a hard labourer and her elder brother, Goeff, works as
an apprentice mechanic in a garage situated far away from the house. Her family wants Sophie to
join work immediately after her school. These are some of the indicators of Sophie's financial
status.
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TALKING ABOUT THE TEXT
Q.1 Sophie's dreams and disappointments are all in here mind. (Pg. 85)
Ans. Sophie was a dreamer who often made up stories for herself and for others. One possibility might
be that she wanted to escape the daily grind of life with the help of her fantasies. Her encounter
with Danny Casey was a made-up story for the sake of catching her brother's attention.
Eventually, she gets so much engrossed in it that she starts to live the fantasy. When Danny
Casey does not arrive for the second 'date', she experiences disappointment. However painful and
disappointing her fantasy might be, she was not willing to accept reality. Her dreams and
disappointments are figments of her imagination.
Q.2 It is natural for teenagers to have unrealistic dream. What would you say are the benefits
and disadvantage of such fantasizing? (Pg. 86)
Ans. Teenage is the phase of life which is constituted of major changes in the life of an individual.
During this phase, a person learns many things, sets his career goals, and deals with peer pressure
and the pressure of adults' expectations. Hence, it is natural for teenagers to fantasize and to have
unrealistic dreams.
Advantages: Fantasizing, based on realistic goals or the world around, provides a means to reach
higher ambition and dreams. Aspiring for higher career goals and working hard may ensure
successful career prospects. Thus, it instils confidence and a spirit to achieve one's desire. In
difficult situations of life, it helps instil positivity and optimism. It is a talent in those known as
creative.
Disadvantages: Fantasizing builds a gap between fantasy and reality. The realization of the
disparity between one's goals and capabilities may be painful. Non achievement may also lead to
disappointment, depression and development of suicidal tendencies. Moreover, it is a sheer
wastage of time for many.
EXTRA QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS
Q.1 What does Sophie dream of doing after she passes out of school? Why do you call it a
'dream’ and not a ‘plan?
Ans. Sophie dreams to have a boutique of her own, which she thinks will be the most amazing shop
the city has ever seen. She says that she will buy a boutique if ever she comes into money. She
does not mind becoming an actress to run a boutique as a side business. Since she has no money
or experience, it is called a ‘dream’ and not a ‘plan’.
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Q.2 What are the other dreams of Sophie in addition to having a boutique?
Ans. The greatest dream of Sophie is to have a boutique. She wants to be a bit sophisticated and rise
above her lower-middle class status. Her other dream is of being an actress as “there’s real
money in that”. Moreover, she thinks that actresses don’t work full time so she can look after her
first love i.e. boutique as a side business. She has another option as well that she can be a fashion
designer and do something sophisticated.
Q.3 Why does Jansie say: “Soaf you really should be sensible”?
Ans. Jansie knows Sophie’s family background and financial position. She knows that both of them
are earmarked for the biscuit factory. Sophie dreams of big and beautiful things like having a
boutique or becoming an actress or a fashion designer. All these things need a lot of money and
experience. Sophie has neither of them. So Jansie advises her to be sensible and stop having wild
dreams.
Q.4 Compare and contrast Sophie and Jansie?
Ans. Sophie and Jansie are classmates and friends but they are poles apart in thinking and
temperament. Sophie is an incurable dreamer and escapist. She dreams of big and beautiful
things, which are beyond her reach. On the other hand. Jansie is realistic and practical. She
knows that they are poor and have to work in the biscuit factory after leaving school. She is well
aware that big things require big money and experience, which they don’t have.
Q.5 What job is Geoff engaged in? How does he differ from his sister, Sophie?
Ans. Geoff is grown up boy. He left school three years ago. Now he is an apprentice mechanic. He
has to travel to his work each day to the far side of the city. He speaks little but listens to his
sister’s ‘wild stories’. But he is not a day dreamer like her. He knows the financial limitations of
the family. He cautions Sophie against entertaining dreams for a celebrity like Danny Casey.
Q.6 Why was Sophie jealous of Geoff’s silence?
Ans. Sophie jealous of Geoff’s silence because she was always curious about knowing more of Geoff
and his activities and he never shared anything with her. When he was not speaking, it was as if
he were lost in same distinct land where she had never been. She always felt fascinated thinking
about the people and places, she had never known.
Q.7 What does Sophie tell Geoff about her meeting with Danny Casey? How does Geoff react to
it?
Ans. Sophie tells Geoff that she met Danny Casey in the arcade. She was looking at clothes in Royce's
window when Casey came and stood by her. Geoff was surprised at this and pressed her to tell more
about him which elicited more details from Sophie about his height and the colour of his eyes.
Q.8 “Damn that Geoff, this was a Geoff thing not a Jansie thing.” Why did Sophie say so?
Ans. Sophie had cooked up the story of her meeting with Danny Casey to impress Geoff who was a
great fan of the football prodigy. She knew this news would be of great interest to her brother.
She had also thought that her brother would keep her secret. She did not want Jansie, who was
‘nosey’, to know about this. So when Geoff told Jansie, Sophie cursed him because she knew
Jansie would spread her story in the entire neighbourhood.
Q.9 Why didn’t Sophie want Jansie to know about her story with Danny?
Ans. Jansie told Sophie that Geoff had given her the news of her (Sophie’s) meeting with Danny
Casey. Sophie cursed Geoff for telling Jansie this because it was meant to be something special
between Geoff and her. ‘It wasn’t the Jansie kind of thing at all’. Jansie was ‘nosey’ and the
whole neighbourhood would come to know her story if Sophie would know.
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Q.10 Did Geoff keep his promise to Sophie? How do you know?
Ans. No, Geoff did not keep his promise to Sophie. He told Sophie’s secret to Jansie’s brother Frank
who in turn told Jansie about it. We know this because Jansie questions Sophie about her meeting
with footballer, Danny Casey and Sophie is startled that Jansie knows about this meeting.
Q.11 How did Sophie’s father react when Geoff told him about her meeting with Danny Casey?
Ans. When Geoff told their father about Sophie’s meeting with Danny Casey he did not believe it and
suspected it was one of Sophie’s wild stories. He was filled with disdain and did not want to
encourage her in any way. So he warned her to keep her out of any kind of trouble.
Q.12 What thoughts came to Sophie’s mind as she sat by the canal?
Ans. Sophie considers the spot along the canal the best place for a date, as it is away from the rush of
the city. As she sits by the canal she is lost in the world of her dreams. She imagines Casey
coming along the river and her own excitement thereafter.
Q.13 Which was the only occasion when Sophie got to see Danny Casey in person?
Ans. The only occasion when Sophie got to see Danny Casey in person was when she had gone to see
the football match with her family. Sitting among the spectators, she saw Danny Casey from a
distance.
Q.14 Why did Jansie discourage Sophie from entertaining thoughts about the sports-star, Danny
Casey?
Ans. Jansie is a practical girl who lives in the real world. She knows that Danny Casey, a sports- star is
far beyond Sophie’s dreams and imagination. So she discourages Sophie from entertaining any
kind of wild thoughts about him.
Q.15 What is unrealistic about Sophie’s dreams of her future life?
Ans. Sophie’s dreams of her future life are far removed from her reality. She dreams of owning a
boutique, of becoming an actress but the fact was that she was earmarked for the biscuit factory.
Sophie drifts into a world of fantasy and wants to live her dreams by stepping out of her middleclass status.
Q.16 How do we know that Sophie’s family lived in poor circumstances?
Ans. We know that Sophie’s family lived in poor circumstances as her father was unable to amass
wealth. Her mother’s back had become crooked due to the burden of household work. Their
house was rather small, easily suffocated with steam from the stove.
Q.17 Why did Sophie want to be admitted into Geoff’s affections?
Ans. Geoff was an apprentice mechanic who travelled to the far side of the city every day. Sophie
wished she could be admitted into Geoff’s affections so that someday he might take her with him
to meet those exotic and interesting people whom he never spoke about. She trusted him her
more than any other member of her family. He symbolised freedom and he was the only one to
whom she could look for approval.
Q.18 Why is Sophie attracted to Danny Casey?
Ans. Danny Casey is an Irish football prodigy and Sophie is attracted to him because like most
youngsters she idolizes and hero-worships him. So she envisions her meetings with the football
star and also gives vivid details of their meetings.
Q.19 Why did Jansie discourage Sophie from having dreams?
Ans. Jansie was a realistic and practical girl who knew that both she and Sophie were earmarked for the
biscuit factory. So she discouraged Sophie from living in a world of fantasy. Whenever Sophie
expressed her wishes aloud Jansie became melancholic and told Sophie to behave sensibly.
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LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS
Q.21 Why did Sophie enjoy living in a world of dreams? Describe some of her dreams.
Ans. Sophie, like most girls of her age, enjoyed living in her world of dreams which provided her the
refuge she needed from her middle – class reality. Through her dream world she visualised for
herself a life that she would like to lead. Her imagination drew into her life all the things she
desired and people she idolised but could never make a part of her real life. Sophie dreams of
having her own boutique after she leaves school, a boutique which will be the most amazing in
the city. Becoming an actress or a fashion designer is also her dream. She was conscious of a vast
world which waited for her and she was very sure that she would adjust easily in that world. In
her dream world, Sophie dreams of meeting the sensational footballer Danny Casey. She even
fixes a date with him and actually travels to that place and waits for him to come. In her world of
fantasy, Sophie moves rapidly from one dream to another through the leaps of her mind.
Q.22 Has Sophie met Danny Casey? What details of her meeting with Danny Casey did she
narrate to her brother?
Ans. No, Sophie never met Danny Casey. Her story is merely a part of her fantasy. Her fertile mind
made up the story of her encounter with him. She told her brother that she had met Danny Casey in
the arcade. When she was looking at the clothes in Royce’s window someone came and stood
beside her and she looked around and saw Danny. She also told Geoff that Danny Casey has gentle,
green eyes and he is not as tall as one would think him to be. She also asked Danny for his
autograph but could not get it as none of them had a paper or pen with them. Sophie’s dream world
makes her travel into those aspects of life which she may never be able to achieve in reality.
Q.23 It is not unusual for a lower middle class girl to dream big. How unrealistic were Sophie’s
dreams?
Ans. Sophie belongs to a lower middle class family and lives a humble life with her parents and
brothers. But her dreams far supersede the reality in which she is living. Her dreams are far
beyond her reach. So she wishes to open a boutique, entertains the idea of being an actress and
also aspires to be a fashion designer. Her dreamy disposition and romantic allusions lead – her to
hero-worship the wonder-footballer, Danny Casey towards whom she develops a romantic
fascination. Though she sees him only once in person, she sits for hours imagining Danny Casey
coming to her. The incurable dreamer in her remains an escapist who wants to remain away from
her real world. Her friend Jansie continued to ground her to reality by stating that they were
earmarked for the biscuit factory. Her father also stated that if she ever had enough money she
would first buy them a decent house to live in. Sophie’s little brother Derek too feels that his
sister thinks money grows on trees.
Q.24 Every teenager must dream big. Yet the dream should also be rooted to the ground. Write a
character sketch of Sophie in the light of this remark.
Ans. Every teenager must dream big. Yet the dream should also be rooted to the ground. This
statement is so true for Sophie whose dreams are larger than life and far supersede her real life.
Sophie had rather unrealistic plans for her future. She wanted to own a boutique and have the
most amazing shop in the city. She also dreamed of being an actress or a fashion designer.
Considering her meager resources and family’s position, her dreams are quite unrealistic, in fact
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Q.20 Why did Sophie like her brother Geoff more than any other person? (Pg. 85)
Ans. For Sophie, her brother Geoff was the only person who listened to her fantasies and long
cherished dreams. He never offered any counter arguments rather quietly listened to all of her
banalities which encouraged Sophie to share more of her matters with Geoff.
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Q.25
Ans.
Q.26
Ans.
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Q.27
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Ans.
they are in sharp contrast to her reality. Her father works hard for a living and is never likely to
be a part of the sophisticated world. Her mother bears the back-breaking burden of household
chores. Her brother works as an apprentice mechanic. Considering her circumstances she would
actually have to work in the biscuit factory. So her dreams would just remain dreams and never
become a reality.
Teachers always advise their students to dream big. Yet, the same teachers in your
classrooms find fault with Sophie when she dreams. What is wrong with Sophie’s dreams?
There is nothing wrong with having big dreams. Infact it is a piece of advice given to us by our
teachers. But then our dreams must not be in complete contrast to our reality. This is the fault
with Sophie’s dreams. Her dreams are not only over-ambitious but also most impractical. She is
an incurable escapist and lives in the world of her dreams. She drifts into the world of her fantasy
and wants to make her dreams her reality. Dreaming the unachievable can have a negative impact
on one’s personality. It can lead to depression. Sophie blissfully ignores the fact that she comes
from a lower middle class family and is ear-marked for the biscuit factory. She dreams of owning
a boutique, becoming a fashion designer or an actress, dreams which she may never be able to
fulfill. Sophie not only dreams big but concocts stories about her imaginary meeting with the
Irish prodigy, Danny Casey. She envisions her meeting with the football star and also gives vivid
details of the meeting. Such unrealistic dreams need to be discouraged.
Every teenager has a hero/heroine to admire. So many times they become role models for
them. What is wrong if Sophie fantasizes about Danny Casey and is ambitious in life?
Dreams and fantasies are an integral part of every teenager’s life. Their dreams motivate them to
achieve their goals. Every teenager has an idol to admire and these idols become role models for
them. Same is the case with Sophie who idolizes Danny Casey. The only thing wrong with
Sophie’s fantasy is that she nurtures unrealistic dreams which are in sharp contrast to her reality.
Her ambitions too are way beyond the confines of her lower middle class status. Sophie has
never met Danny Casey but she envisions her meeting with the football star and even invents
vivid details of this meeting. Her over-imaginative mind concocts stories and she starts living in
her make-believe world. Through her dreams Sophie escapes from the harsh realities of life and
such people find it difficult to cope with reality.
Geoff and Sophie are different from each other, though they belong to the same family.
Comment with examples from the text.
Though Geoff and Sophie belong to the same family they are very different from each other.
Geoff, Sophie’s elder brother is an apprentice mechanic who travelled to work to the far side of
the city every day. He lived in reality and spoke little. In fact Sophie felt that words had to be
prized out of him like stones out of the ground. He had a life of his own and though he listened to
Sophie’s fantasies, he did not believe her. Sophie, on the other hand, lived in a dream world. She
dreams of having a boutique, becoming an actress or a fashion designer. She is a day-dreamer
and an incurable escapist. She imagines meeting the football prodigy Danny Casey. Geoff is the
most important member of her family for Sophie who wishes to be admitted into her brother’s
affections so that someday he might take her with him to meet the exotic and interesting people
whom he never spoke about.
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EXTRACT BASED QUESTIONS
(A) He was kneeling on the floor in the next room tinkering with a part of his motorcycle over some
newspaper spread on the carpet. He was three years out of school, an apprentice mechanic,
travelling to his work each day to the far side of the city. He was almost grown up now, and she
suspected areas of his life about which she knew nothing, about which he never spoke. He said
little at all, ever, voluntarily. Words had to be prized out of him like stones out of the ground.
And she was jealous of his silence.
Q.1 Who is 'He' in the first line?
(A) Derek
(B) Geoff
(C) Sophie's father
(D) Danny Casey
Q.2 What was Geoff by profession?
(A) Property dealer
(B) Motor mechanic (C) Plumber
(D) Manual labourer
Q.3 Why was Sophie jealous of Geoff's silence?
(A) For he shared everything with Sophie
(B) For he never shared anything with Sophie
(C) For he shared everything with his family (D) For he shared nothing with Derek
Q.4 Which of the following is the synonym of 'Apprentice'?
(A) Novice
(B) Learner
(C) Prentice
(D) All of these
Ans. 1.(B)
2.(B)
3.(B)
4.(D)
QUESTIONS FOR PRACTICE
2.
Do you think that Sophie met Danny Casey? Give reasons.
3.
What was Sophie’s father’s reaction when Geoff told him about Sophie meeting Casey?
4.
When did Sophie actually see Danny Casey?
5.
Why was Sophie jealous of Geoff’s silence?
6.
What are the adolescent issues discussed in the lesson ‘Going places’?
7.
“Sophie felt a tightening in her throat. She went to look for her brother Geoff.” In the light of this
quote, discuss the relationship Sophie shared with Geoff.
8.
Sophie is caught between the world she lives in and the world she wants to live in. Elucidate.
9.
Evaluate the two different perspectives to life that Jansie and Sophie represent.
10.
According to you, should Sophie have continued to dream, or should she have stuck to the path
that had already been chosen for her? Justify your choice in detail.
LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS
1.
Why did Sophie like her brother Geoff more than any other person? What did he symbolize for
her?
2.
Give a brief character sketch of Sophie’s father. What kind of a relationship did they share?
3.
The story “Going Places” draws a beautiful contrast between ‘fact’ and ‘fiction’. Comment.
4.
Do you think that Sophie is a representative of unguided adolescence? Discuss.
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SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS
1.
“Sophie’s dreams and disappointments are all in her mind “.Justify this statement.
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CBSE SAMPLE QUESTION PAPER
Session: 2023-24
Subject: English – Core (Code No. 301)
CLASS: XII
Time Allowed : 3 hours
Maximum Marks : 80
General Instructions:
(1)
The Question Paper contains THREE sections-READING, WRITING and LITERATURE.
(2)
Attempt questions based on specific instructions for each part.
SECTION-A : READING SKILLS (22 Marks)
Reading Comprehension through Unseen Passages
1.
Read the following text.
[12]
Arthur lay in his cabin, still trying to piece together the events of the last few hours. He had
watched his home planet of Earth be demolished to make way for a hyperspace bypass, been
saved by his friend Ford, and then whisked away on a ship that was powered by an "infinite
improbability drive."
It was all too much for him.
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Just then, Ford stuck his head around the door.
"Hey, Earthman," he said, "come and have a look at this."
Arthur stumbled after him down a corridor and into the ship's control room. He gazed in
amazement at the banks of controls and flashing lights. In the centre of the room was a large
console covered in buttons and switches, and in the middle of the console was a small, white
mouse.
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"What's that?" asked Arthur.
"That's the ship's computer," said Ford.
Arthur stared at the mouse. "That's a computer?" he said.
"Yup," said Ford. "Five-dimensional, biologically-based, super intelligent, and in the form of a
white lab mouse. Pretty neat, huh?"
"I don't know," said Arthur. "I don't think I really understand anything anymore. Why is a
mouse the ship's computer?"
"It's a long story," said Ford. "But the short version is that the mice built the Earth as a giant
computer to figure out the Ultimate Question of Life, the Universe, and Everything. Then they
ran out of money and had to destroy it to make way for a hyperspace bypass. So now they're
using the Heart of Gold to finish the calculation."
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Arthur was about to say something, but at that moment the ship's intercom crackled to life.
"Good evening, Heart of Gold," said a smooth, computerized voice. "This is Eddie, your
shipboard computer. I'm feeling a bit depressed today. Would you like me to sing you a song?"
"Oh, not again," groaned Ford.
"Eddie, would you mind shutting up?" said Arthur.
Arthur sighed and leaned back against the console, trying to make sense of everything. But as
he closed his eyes, he heard a voice inside his head.
"Hello?" it said.
Arthur jumped, startled. "Who's there?" he said.
"It's me," said the voice. "Marvin."
"Marvin?" said Arthur. "Who's Marvin?"
"The Paranoid Android," said the voice.
Arthur looked around, but he didn't see anyone. "Where are you?" he said.
"I'm down here," said the voice.
Arthur looked down and saw a small, metal figure shuffling across the floor. It was about three
feet tall, with a round head and a body that looked like it had been cobbled together from spare
parts. Its eyes were a dull red, and its voice was a monotone.
"I've been waiting for someone to talk to me for over two million years," said Marvin.
Answer the following questions, based on the passage above.
(i)
Select the option that classifies Arthur's confusion about drastic events such as the
destruction of his home planet and the introduction of new technologies, correctly. [1]
(A) Routine and boredom
(B) Adventure and excitement
(C) Loss and change
(ii)
What is the significance of the white lab mouse in the control room of the Heart of Gold
spaceship?
[1]
(A) It is the captain of the ship
(B) It serves as the ship's computer
(C) It is a pet of the crew
(D) It is used for scientific experiments
(iii)
Share evidence from the text, in about 40 words to support the view that the writer’s
writing style is descriptive and humorous.
[2]
(iv)
Complete the sentence appropriately with a characteristic or its description.
[1]
Based on the information given in the excerpt, one can infer that the mice who built the
Earth are ____________.
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(D) Calm and relaxation
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(v)
Select the option that is similar in meaning to Ford’s expression, “Pretty neat, huh?". [1]
(A) Easy, isn’t it?
(B) Could be worse, no?
(C) Impressive, yes?
(D) Too difficult for you?
(vi)
Explain, in about 40 words, why the name "The Paranoid Android" is considered ironic. [2]
(vii)
In the line, “…a body that looked like it had been cobbled together from spare parts…”,
what comparison does the word “cobbled” refer to?
[1]
(viii) How does the following, impact the reader, even though they know Marvin is just an
android?
[2]
"I've been waiting for someone to talk to me for over two million years," said Marvin.
Answer in about 40 words.
(ix)
Read the five headlines (a)-(e), given below:
[1]
(a) HUMANITY'S JOURNEY WITNESSED BY A DEPRESSED ROBOT
(b) HITCHHIKING THROUGH SPACE: A COMICAL TAKE ON THE END OF THE WORLD
(c) NEW STUDY FINDS ALIENS LIVING AMONG US
(d) GROUNDBREAKING TECHNOLOGY WILL SOON ENABLE TIME TRAVEL
(e) INTERGALACTIC TRAVEL VIA NEW INFINITE IMPROBABILITY DRIVE
Identify the option that displays the headline/s that DOES/ DO NOT correspond with
occurrences in the passage.
(A) Only (a)
(B) (b) (c) and (d)
(C) Only (e)
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(D) (a) and (e)
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2.
Read the following text.
[10]
(1)
In recent years, there has been a surge in both group and solo travel among young adults in
India. A survey conducted among young adults aged 18-25 aimed to explore the reasons behind
their travel preferences and recorded the percentage variation for 10 common points that
influence travel choices.
(2)
Among those who prefer solo travel, the most common reason cited was the desire for
independence and freedom (58%), followed closely by the opportunity for introspection and
self-discovery (52%). Additionally, solo travellers appreciated the ability to customize their
itinerary to their preferences (44%) and the chance to meet new people on their own terms
(36%).
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English
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
On the other hand, those who prefer group travel often cited the desire for socializing and
making new friends (61%) as their primary reason. Group travel also provided a sense of
security and safety in unfamiliar places (52%) and allowed for shared experiences and
memories with others (48%). Additionally, group travellers enjoyed the convenience of having
pre-planned itineraries and organized transportation (38%).
Interestingly, both groups had similar levels of interest in exploring new cultures and trying
new experiences (40% for solo travellers, 36% for group travellers). Similarly, both groups
valued the opportunity to relax and escape from the stresses of everyday life (36% for solo
travellers, 32% for group travellers).
However, there were also some notable differences between the two groups. For example, solo
travellers placed a higher priority on budget-friendly travel options (38%) compared to group
travellers (24%). Conversely, group travellers were more likely to prioritize luxury and comfort
during their travels (28%) compared to solo travellers (12%).
Overall, the survey results suggest that both group and solo travel have their own unique
advantages and appeal to different individuals, based on their preferences and priorities.
Answer the following questions, based on given passage.
[10]
Infer two possible ways that the survey, mentioned in paragraph (1) could be beneficial.
Answer in about 40 words.
[2]
(ii)
Which travel choice point of the survey would influence tour operators to incorporate group
dinners, social events, and shared accommodations in their itinerary?
[1]
(A) Freedom to customise itinerary
(B) Luxury and comfort
(C) Security and safety
(D) Desire for making new friends
(iii) What do the top choices in the survey, for traveling solo and in a group suggest about young
adults?
[1]
(iv)
Identify the solo traveller from the following three travellers:
[1]
(a) Reshma- I don’t want to keep hunting for rickshaws or taxis. A pre-booked vehicle is perfect.
(b) Nawaz-I’m happy sharing a room in a hostel. I don’t need hotel accommodation.
(c) Deepak-I’m not worried about my well-being , even while exploring remote areas.
(v)
Which of the following is an example of an opportunity for self-discovery, as mentioned in
paragraph 2?
[1]
(A) Trying new cuisine
(B) Hiring a tour guide
(C) Purchasing local artifacts
(D) Advance booking travel tickets
(vi)
How might the differences in budget priorities between solo and group travellers impact the
types of accommodations and activities offered by the travel industry in India?
[2]
(vii) Complete the sentence appropriately.
[1]
The similarities in the percentage of both solo and group travellers who are interested in
exploring new cultures and trying new experiences may be due to ________.
(viii) State TRUE or FALSE.
[1]
The title, "Wanderlust: The Solo Travel Trend Among Young Adults in India", is appropriate
for this passage.
152
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(i)
E
CBSE
SECTION-B : CREATIVE WRITING SKILLS (18 Marks)
Note : All details presented in the questions are imaginary and created for assessment purpose .
3.
Attempt ANY ONE of two, in about 50 words.
[4]
(A)
Bali High Public School has recently created CureGreen, a dedicated area for local medicinal
herbs and shrubs, adjacent to the flower garden, on campus. As Rachel Tiwari, Captain of the
Eco-Club, draft a notice for the school notice board, informing students of classes XI-XII, about
a guided walk through CureGreen, post assembly, on Friday, 10 July. Invite care-giver
applications, for CureGreen.
OR
(B)
You are the Secretary of the Neighbourhood Watch Scheme, Jastinapur, Sector D-3 Society.
Draft a notice for the Society notice board, informing residents about the change of personnel,
Head Security, Gate 2 and share necessary details. Also, include the news of installation of the
much awaited security camera, on the Eastern periphery of the Society.
4.
Attempt ANY ONE of two, in about 50 words.
[4]
(A)
You are the Student Head, Cultural Affairs, at M.K. Sr. Sec. School. Your school is organising
a 2-day Yoga camp over the weekend, for parents of the school students. Create an invitation,
inviting the school parents for this Yoga camp. Share information about the camp organisers
and include other necessary details.
OR
(B)
Smt. Leelavati Khatri, your grandmother, has received an invitation from her childhood friend,
residing at a distance in the same city. The invite is for the blessing ceremony and celebratory
dinner, marking the birth of her granddaughter. Your grandmother wishes to attend the event
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but would need to be accompanied by a family member to assist her with her wheelchair.
E
Create an appropriate reply, accepting this invitation, on behalf of your grandmother.
5.
Attempt ANY ONE of two, in about 120-150 words.
[5]
(A)
You are Damanjit Singh, a fresh graduate of film-making (BFA), from JTTI, Chandigarh. You
saw the given advertisement in the newspaper and wish to apply for the position advertised.
Write a letter to Mili Johar Arts, along with your bio-data, expressing your interest in the
advertised post.
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English
Despite being an essential component of road safety infrastructure, many people do not respect
zebra crossings and fail to follow traffic rules, which results in hazardous situations on the
roads. Write a letter to the editor of a national daily, sharing your concern, and examining the
reasons for such behaviour. Provide suggestions for spreading awareness of rules and etiquettes
involved, and ways to ensure adherence. Use the given cues along with your own ideas to
compose this letter. You are Soma Baruah, a concerned city resident.
For awareness –
general public / educational institutions
how? – in person/social media
Dire consequences – self and others
Adherencefines & penalties
revoking driving licenses
strengthening traffic police force – monitoring resources and technology
6.
Attempt ANY ONE of two, in about 120-150 words.
(A)
You are Sohail Hassan of class XII-B. Write an article for your school magazine, sharing the
importance of young adults, as volunteers in one’s local community, the need to do so and the
benefits involved. Use the given cues along with your own ideas to compose this article.
Importance for personal growth + community development
Benefits – For self; new skills, experiences, a sense of purpose
For community: positive impact
What are the ways one could get involved?
OR
154
[5]
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(B)
E
CBSE
(B)
The R.W.A (Resident Welfare Association), Nandipura-II, launched a volunteer programme for
the young adults in and around the neighbourhood, on 18 January 2023. As Sunitha. J, the local
correspondent of the neighbourhood newsletter, write a report, covering this event. Support
your ideas with outline cues given below, to craft your report.
which volunteer programme? – purpose of the launch event –it's importance
activities that took place –who attended?
any key messages delivered?
how were young adults encouraged to join the volunteer program?
any resources and information provided to attendees?
any insight into follow-up activities planned?
what impact is expected to be achieved in the community?
SECTION-C : LITERATURE (40 Marks)
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7.
(A)
E
Read the given extracts and answer the questions for ANY ONE of the two, given.
[6]
And such too is the grandeur of the dooms
We have imagined for the mighty dead;
All lovely tales that we have heard or read:
An endless fountain of immortal drink,
Pouring unto us from the heaven's brink.
(A Thing of Beauty)
(i)
Which of the following themes is best represented in the given extract?
[1]
(A) The beauty of nature
(B) The power of imagination
(C) The immortality of art and literature
(D) The inevitability of death
(ii)
State whether the given statement is TRUE or FALSE, with reference to the extract. [1]
By referring to the dead as "mighty", the poet emphasizes their importance and the
power they exerted on the people.
(iii) Complete the sentence appropriately.
[1]
The "endless fountain of immortal drink" is an apt analogy for the tales of the mighty
dead because ____________________________.
(iv)
The use of the word "brink" in the extract suggests that the immortality that is being
poured onto us is on the verge of overflowing. This creates a powerful image of
___________.
[1]
(v)
Based on the poem rhyme scheme, evident in lines 2-5, of the given extract, which word
would rhyme with line 1?
[1]
said
(vi)
thin
tombs
Select the option that is NOT true about the lack of punctuation at the end of line 1 in
the extract.
[1]
(A) Creates a sense of continuity and flow that connects the line with the second line.
(B) Encourages the reader to continue reading seamlessly without any pause.
(C) Creates a sense of anticipation and expectation for the reader.
(D) Encourages a revisit to the ideas in the preceding lines.
155
English
OR
8.
(A)
156
. …I looked again at her, wan, pale
as a late winter’s moon and felt that old
familiar ache, my childhood’s fear,
but all I said was, see you soon, Amma,
all I did was smile and smile and smile......
(My mother at Sixty-six)
(i)
What is the speaker's emotional state when looking at her mother?
[1]
(A) Confused and disoriented
(B) Nostalgic and longing
(C) Empathetic and understanding
(D) Fearful and apprehensive
(ii)
What does the use of the word "but" at the beginning of the line, ‘but all I said..’,
suggest ?
[1]
(iii) Select the word that WILL NOT complete the sentence appropriately.
[1]
The description of the mother as "wan, pale / as a late winter's moon" creates a vivid
image of ________ .
(A) vulnerability
(B) sensitivity
(C) frailty
(D) mortality
(iv)
State whether the given statement is TRUE or FALSE.
[1]
The poetic device used in the line, ‘pale as a winter’s moon’ is the same as the one used
in the line, ‘the winter wind wistfully wailed at night’.
(v)
What message do these lines highlight, in the context of familial relationships, and the
speaker’s sense of anxiety and fear at the prospect of losing her mother?
[1]
(vi)
Complete the sentence appropriately.
[1]
The repetition of the word, ‘smile’ suggests that _______________.
Read the given extracts and answer the questions for ANY ONE of the two, given.
[4]
Climate change is one of the most hotly contested environmental debates of our time. Will the
West Antarctic ice sheet melt entirely? Will the Gulf Stream ocean current be disrupted? Will it
be the end of the world as we know it? Maybe. Maybe not. Either way, Antarctica is a crucial
element in this debate — not just because it’s the only place in the world, which has never
sustained a human population and therefore remains relatively ‘pristine’ in this respect; but
more importantly, because it holds in its ice-cores half-million-year-old carbon records trapped
in its layers of ice.
(Journey to the End of the Earth)
(i)
How does the absence of a human population in Antarctica make it significant in the
climate change debate?
[1]
(ii)
Why is "climate change" described as a "hotly contested" issue in the extract provided?
This is so, because there _____.
[1]
(A) is universal agreement on the causes and implications of climate change
(B) is a planned path ahead about how to address climate change
(C) are differing views on the causes and implications of climate change
(D) are minimal reports of fresh threats to climate change
(iii) The analogy of a time machine is an appropriate analogy for the role of carbon records
in the study of climate change because ________________________.
[1]
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(B)
E
CBSE
(iv)
(B)
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9.
E
Give one reason why the writing style of the extract can be called factual and
informative.
[1]
OR
In other words, the Tiger King is dead.
The manner of his death is a matter of extraordinary interest. It can be revealed only at the end
of the tale. The most fantastic aspect of his demise was that as soon as he was born, astrologers
had foretold that one day the Tiger King would actually have to die.
“The child will grow up to become the warrior of warriors, hero of heroes, champion of
champions. But...” they bit their lips and swallowed hard. When compelled to continue, the
astrologers came out with it. “This is a secret which should not be revealed at all. And yet we
are forced to speak out. The child born under this star will one day have to meet its death.”
(The Tiger King)
(i)
Complete the sentence appropriately.
[1]
The author’s purpose in using foreshadowing, is to _______________.
(ii)
In the given extract, what emotion were the astrologers feeling when they "bit their lips
and swallowed hard"?
[1]
(A) Humiliation
(B) Disbelief
(C) Grief
(D) Unease
(iii) Which trait are the astrologers lauding when they say "warrior of warriors, hero of
heroes, champion of champions"?
[1]
(iv)
How is the line, "the most fantastic aspect of his demise", an example of contrast? [1]
Read the given extracts and answer the questions for ANY ONE of the two, given.
[6]
A Usually, when school began, there was a great bustle, which could be heard out in the street,
the opening and closing of desks, lessons repeated in unison, very loud, with our hands over our
ears to understand better, and the teacher’s great ruler rapping on the table. But now it was all
so still! I had counted on the commotion to get to my desk without being seen; but, of course,
that day everything had to be as quiet as Sunday morning. Through the window I saw my
classmates, already in their places, and M. Hamel walking up and down with his terrible iron
ruler under his arm. I had to open the door and go in before everybody. You can imagine how I
blushed and how frightened I was.
(The Last Lesson)
(i)
List any two sensory details present in this extract.
[1]
(ii)
Why does the protagonist feel anxious about entering the classroom on this particular
day?
[1]
(A) The classmates have started the lesson
(B) The teacher is in a bad mood
(C) The classroom is too quiet
(D) The protagonist is running late
(iii) Complete the sentence appropriately.
[1]
The phrase "as quiet as Sunday morning" suggests that ____________.
(iv)
Pick evidence from the extract that helps one infer that this was not the protagonist’s
first time being late to school.
[1]
(v)
What does the term 'terrible iron ruler' indicate about M. Hamel?
[1]
157
English
(B)
10.
158
Which of the following headlines best suggests the central idea of the extract?
[1]
(A) The Fears of a Latecomer
(B) The Importance of Punctuality
(C) The Rigidity of the School System
(D) The Anxiety of a Young Student
OR
Unaware of what his name represents, he roams the streets with his friends, an army of barefoot
boys who appear like the morning birds and disappear at noon. Over the months, I have come to
recognise each of them.
“Why aren’t you wearing chappals?” I ask one.
“My mother did not bring them down from the shelf,” he answers simply.
“Even if she did, he will throw them off,” adds another who is wearing shoes that do not match.
When I comment on it, he shuffles his feet and says nothing. “I want shoes,” says a third boy
who has never owned a pair all his life. Travelling across the country I have seen children
walking barefoot, in cities, on village roads. It is not lack of money but a tradition to stay
barefoot, is one explanation.
(Lost Spring)
(i)
What is the writer’s purpose in allowing the boys to speak for themselves via dialogue,
as opposed to only a writer’s commentary?
[1]
(ii)
The line, "It is not lack of money but a tradition to stay barefoot" can be best classified
as:
[1]
(A) A fact
(B) An opinion
(C) A theme
(D) A plot point
(iii) Explain any one possible inference that can be drawn from the line, "an army of
barefoot boys who appear like the morning birds and disappear at noon”.
[1]
(iv)
Identify the line from the text that bears evidence to the fact that the writer's association
with the boys is not a recent one.
[1]
(v)
Based on the context provided in the extract, select the most likely comment that the
writer would have made, based on the boy's reaction to the mismatched shoes.
[1]
(A) "Why are your shoes mismatched? That's not a good look."
(B) "Don't worry about your shoes, you can wear a matching pair later."
(C) "I like your shoes. What matters is that they protect your feet."
(D) "Have you chosen to mismatch your shoes?
(vi)
Complete the sentence with ONE word.
[1]
The phrase "he answers simply", suggests that the boy's response to the writer's question
about why he wasn't wearing chappals was __________________.
Answer ANY FIVE of the following six questions, in about 40-50 words.
[5 × 2 = 10]
(i)
What can be inferred from Rajendra Prasad’s recorded upshot of the lawyer
consultations, at Motihari ?
[Reference - The senior lawyer replied, they had come to advise and help him; if he
went to jail there would be nobody to advise and they would go home. What about the
injustice to the sharecroppers, Gandhi demanded.]
(Indigo)
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(vi)
E
CBSE
(ii)
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11.
E
Douglas uses sensory details to create a vivid image of the unfortunate experience in the
pool. What might be the impact on the reader if the narration were more informative
than sensory?
(Deep Water)
(iii) How does the setting of the remote forest location in 'The Rattrap' contribute to the
overall tone and mood of the story?
(iv)
How might the message of the poem, ‘Aunt Jennifer’s Tigers’ be different, if the
following last four lines were omitted?
When Aunt is dead, her terrified hands will lie
Still ringed with ordeals she was mastered by.
The tigers in the panel that she made
Will go on prancing, proud and unafraid.
(v)
Umberto Eco, with reference to "The Name of the Rose" says, “I think if I had written
The Name of the Rose ten years earlier or ten years later, it wouldn’t have been the
same.” What could he have meant?
(The Interview)
(vi)
What does the story of Subbu's success in the film industry reveal about the importance
of loyalty, creativity, and versatility in this field?
(Poets and Pancakes)
Answer ANY TWO of the following three questions, in about 40-50 words.
[2 × 2 = 4]
(i)
How can we say that the vadai packet incident reveals that the writer lacked the
cognitive and emotional maturity required to understand the implications of
untouchability?
(ii)
What does the play ‘On the Face of It’ suggest about the importance of empathy in
overcoming prejudice and stereotypes?
(iii) Answer the question in the context of the following lines from ‘The Enemy’.
“Stupid Yumi,” she muttered fiercely. “Is this anything but a man? And a wounded
helpless man!” In the conviction of her own superiority she bent impulsively and untied
the knotted rugs that kept the white man covered.
Explain the superiority Hana is convinced about.
12.
Answer ANY ONE of the following two questions, in about 120-150 words.
[5]
(A)
Imagine you are Pablo Neruda , the poet of Keeping Quiet.
What advice might you offer to Robert Frost, the poet of A Roadside Stand, in the context of his
conflicted emotions, as displayed in the given linesThe requisite lift of spirit has never been found,
Or so the voice of the country seems to complain,
I can’t help owning the great relief it would be
To put these people at one stroke out of their pain.
Pen down your advice, in a letter to Frost.
You may begin this way:
Dear Robert
I recently read your poem, "A Roadside Stand," and...
159
English
(B)
You may end this way:
I hope this advice is helpful to you. Please let me know if there is anything else I can do to
support you.
Warmly,
Pablo Neruda
OR
The different portrayals of women in the texts 'Aunt Jennifer's Tigers', 'Going Places', 'Lost
Spring', and 'My Mother at Sixty-six' , offer insights into the experiences of women in society.
You have been asked to address your peers and sharethe ways these portrayals highlight the diversity of the female experience.
the importance of understanding each individual woman's challenges and experiences.
Compose this draft, with reference to any three of these prescribed texts. listed above.
You may begin this way:
Good morning, everyone.
As I analysed the allotted texts...
13.
(A)
(B)
160
Answer ANY ONE of the following two questions, in about 120-150 words.
[5]
In the story, ‘The Third Level’ by Jack Finney, Charley is obsessed with finding the third level.
In an attempt to thrash out whether this obsession is a good quality or a harmful one, Charley’s
wife expresses her thoughts in a diary entry.
As Louisa, Charley’s wife, write this diary entry. Support your response with reference to the
story.
You may begin this way:
I have been married to Charley for a few years now and I have always known him to be an
intelligent man with an imaginative mind. However, his recent obsession with finding the Third
Level has …
OR
A grown up Zitkala-Sa, reflects on the incident about cutting of her long hair and is conflicted
that she did not do enough to resist and surrendered easily. She also wonders if she could have
tried something else to prevent the incident.
As the grown-up Zitkala-Sa, create a diary entry, expressing these thoughts and conclude by
absolving yourself of any blame.
You may begin like this:
I find myself reflecting on an event that happened many years ago…
(Memories of Childhood)
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You may end this way.
To conclude, I’d like to say that ...
E
CBSE
CBSE SAMPLE QUESTION PAPER (SOLUTION)
CLASS-XII
SESSION : 2023-24
SUBJECT: ENGLISH – CORE (301)
SECTION-A : READING SKILLS (22 Marks)
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1.
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
E
Literary passage
[12]
C. Loss and change
B. It serves as the ship's computer
Descriptive
"In the center of the room was a large console covered in buttons and switches, and in the
middle of the console was a small, white mouse."
Humorous
"Oh, not again," groaned Ford.
(iv)
• highly intelligent / technologically advanced
• indifferent to the suffering of other beings
(v)
C. Impressive, yes?
(vi)
The name "The Paranoid Android" is ironic becauseit is unexpected for a robot to exhibit human-like emotions such as paranoia.
OR robots are often thought of as logical and unemotional, whereas the name "paranoid" implies
irrational fear and anxiety.
OR it plays with readers' expectations and stereotypes of robots.
(vii) The comparison is with cobblers, who take scraps of leather and stitch them together to create a
shoe, in the same way in which the body of Marvin was put together or ‘cobbled’, using spare
parts.
(viii) The statement by Marvin, despite being an android, humanizes the character by evoking a sense
of loneliness and isolation that is relatable to the reader. It also emphasizes the theme of the
alienation and lack of communication between beings in the vastness of space.
This creates a sense of sympathy towards Marvin and also raises questions about the meaning
and value of existence, regardless of whether one is organic or synthetic.
(ix)
D. (a) and (e)
2.
(i)
Case-based factual passage
[10]
Some possible ways: (Any 2/ relevant)
Help travel companies to tailor their services to meet the preferences and expectations of
young adult travellers, leading to increased customer satisfaction and loyalty.
Provide insights for the development of new travel packages and itineraries that cater to the
specific needs and interests of young adult travellers.
Enable the tourism industry to better understand the changing preferences and behaviours
of young adult travellers, which can inform future marketing and promotional strategies.
161
English
(ii)
D. Desire for making new friends
(iii)
The top choices in the survey, for traveling solo and in a group suggest that young adult
travellers value independence and freedom when traveling alone and when traveling in a group,
they value socializing and making new friends.
Note- Accept any other appropriate example identified from the text.
(iv)
(b) Nawaz
(v)
A. trying new cuisine
(vi)
•
To cater to budget-conscious solo travellers, the industry may need to provide more
affordable accommodation options such as hostels and budget hotels.
•
(vii)
For group travellers, the industry may need to focus on offering more luxury
accommodations and experiences that cater to their desire for comfort and convenience.
(Any one)
a shared desire for adventure
OR a willingness to step outside of their comfort zones.
OR the fact that that young adults in India are becoming more interested in cultural exchange
and global understanding
(Any other relevant)
(viii) FALSE
SECTION-B : CREATIVE WRITING SKILLS (18 Marks)
3.
Attempt any one from (A) and (B) given below :
[4]
A.
BALI HIGH PUBLIC SCHOOL, KOTA
NOTICE
"A Guided Walk"
It is informed to all the students of class xi-xii that the school has recently created "Cure
Green" a dedicated area for local medicinal herbs and shrubs, adjacent to the flower garden,
on campus. All the students are requested to join a guided walk through Cure Green area. On
10th July, 2023 post assembly. For more details contact the undersigned.
Rachel Tiwari
Rachel Tiwari
(Captain – Eco club).
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1st July, 2023
E
CBSE
B.
NEIGHBOURHOOD WATCH SCHEME, JASTINAPUR
SECTOR D-3 SOCIETY
NOTICE
rd
3 July, 2023
Changes in Security
This is to inform all the residents of the society that Mr. Bahadur Singh has been appointed
as the new head of security for gate no. 2. In addition to this the much awaited security
camera has also been installed on the eastern periphery of the society to help maintain the
proper safety and security and monitor any suspicious activity in the society.
Dakshesh Joshipura
Dakshesh Joshipura
Secretary
4.
Attempt any one from (A) and (B) given below :
[4]
A.
The Principal, Staff and the Head of Cultural affairs of
M.K. Sr. Sec. School
Cordially invites parents and students to attend a 2-day yoga camp.
from 20th June to 21st June, 2023
at 5 P.M. onwards in school auditorium
Mr. Balakrishna Swami (the yogacharya)
will be the Resource Person to deliver the lecture
on "How Yoga Heals"
entries are limited, register soon.
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R.S.V.P.
Principal
M.K. Sr. Sec. School
Ph.No. : 99284371XX
E
B.
15, Sector 11 A
Chandigarh
20th June, 2023
Dear Mrs. Mandeep Kaur.
It is a great pleasure to receive the invitation to your grand daughter's birth on 23rd June, 2023. I
wish to attend the blessing ceremony and celebratory dinner on this auspicious occasion but I
would need to be accompanied by my grandson to assist me with my wheelchair. If I am with
him, I will be more comfortable and will be able to enjoy the function. So i and my grandson
will come on the pious day, as age has bound me to a wheelchair and made dependent on
others. The company of my grandson will make it easier for me to enjoy the function without
causing a burden to anybody.
Yours sincerely
Leelavati Khatri
163
English
5.
A.
Attempt any one from (A) and (B) given below:
12, Juhu Scheme
Mumbai
[5]
20th June, 2023
The Director
The Johar House,
Office 05-06, Diyali Hill
Mumbai
Subject: To apply for the post of Assistant Director.
Sir
This is with the reference to your advertisement published in the Tribune dated 17th June, 2023
for the post of assistant directors. I want to offer myself as an eligible candidate for this post. I
am fresh graduate in film making (BFA) from JTTI, Chandigarh. I am confident that I will do
justice with my job and will prove to be an asset to the organisation if I am given an
opportunity.
I shall be available for an interview at any time suitable to you.
Yours truly
Damanjit Singh
Enclosed:- Bio-data
BIO-DATA
Name of the exam
Secondary
Sr. Secondary
BFA
Other Qualification
Skills
Languages known
Marital status
References
Place: Chandigarh
Date: 20th June, 2023
164
:
:
:
:
:
Board/University
CBSE
CBSE
JTTI
Year
2013
2015
2020
Percentage
80%
89%
72%
Degree in mass Communication and Journalism.
Multitasking, Camera handling and good communication skill.
Hindi, English, Punjabi, Marathi
Unmarried
(i) Mr. Amarpal Singh
Director, JTTI, Chandigarh
(ii) Mr. Vivek Bhalla,
Director Chandigarh School of Drama
Sign.
(Damanjit Singh)
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Personal Information
Name
:
Damanjit Singh
Father's Name :
Harbhajan Singh
Date of Birth
:
21st Aug., 1997
Address
:
12, Rock garden road, Chandigarh.
Ph. No.
:
70234XXXXX
Email
:
dam21singh@gamil.com
Educational Qualifications
E
CBSE
B.
Malviya Nagar
New Delhi
20th June, 2023.
The Editor
The National Herald
New Delhi
Subject: Lack of awareness of the significances of zebra crossing and traffic rules.
Sir
Through the esteemed column of your widely daily circulated i want to bring to the notice of the
public and of the concerned authorities towards the lack of awareness about the significance of
zebra crossing and traffic rules.
The roads of Delhi are jammed with traffic whole day and sometimes are the cause of severe
accident. The rash driving has become very common in the capital to India. Most of the civilians
are not much aware about zebra crossing and traffic rules. Often they tend to flaunt rules and
regulations. They must understand that it is better to be safe than sorry.
The concern authority should spread the awareness among the general masses about traffic norms
workshops, street play and traffic awareness programs should be organised to the people be
aware of the road safety. Moreover Social media can play a vital role in spreading awareness
among the youth.
Those who drive fast under the influence of alcohol, they must be punished and fined. Drivers
should park their vehicle at the prescribed parking area.
Traffic police force must be strict towards the offenders. Those who tend to violate the traffic
rules their driving licences must be revoked. These measures would be useful in order to avoid
accidents.
I hope my views will find a suitable place in your prestigious newspaper for the awareness
among the general masses.
Yours truly
Soma Baruha
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6.
A.
E
Attempt any one from (A) and (B) given below:
[5]
Importance of Youth in Community Volunteering
By– Sohail Hassan
Youth are the key element of any drive or movement which cannot he brought to fruition without
their active involvement. Youth is synonymous with vigour and enthusiasm and hence they can
turn the tide or change the course of events if their energy is channelized and guided by the
veterans.
Every big or small change starts from there and ends on their whether at the community level or
national level. If the youth is involved in volunteering for one's community, it can have farreaching effects. It builds one's character and personality as one has to interact with lot of people
to resolver community issues or as part of community welfare drives. Such activities teach one to
be cool and humble in all situations; have problem solving skills and infuse one with leadership
abilities as well. The experiences that an individual imbibes through different community
services raise one's social standing as well as give a sense of purpose for community.
165
English
The growth and development of an individual is directly proportional to the growth and
development of community. When you work for community, there is a bond and a sense of civic
responsibility.
There are several ways in which one can participate in community volunteering. People can form
task forces or teams at society level. There are different NGOs working for the betterment of
poor and rural folks, one can associate with them, One can even visit nearly villages and offer
one's services for the needy people several other such ways are there for these who really want to
help the community.
B.
Blood Donation Camp, by RWA
By Sunitha J.
th
18 January, Nandipura. A blood donation camp was organised by Resident Welfare
Association, around 300 youngsters of Nandipur-11 got together for this noble cause in
collaboration with Apna Blood Bank Society, they went through for a grand blood donation
camp. The camp achieved the height of success. Dr. Preeti Gupta from Apna Blood Bank Society
appreciated the efforts of the members of association and the adults as well.
The programme started from morning 10:00 AM. and successfully got completed in the
afternoon. The first donor was Dr. Preeti Gupta herself. The entire event was well organised as
clean cut instructions were followed. The donors were provided refreshment and fruit juice. After
that certificates of appreciation and blood doner cards were given to all doners. The camp
continued till 4 P.M. Then the chief guest Mr. Rohit Shah the city Mayor delivered a speech
telling the adults that a drop of blood can save one's life. Really the programme was a living
example of hour helping others can serve humanity. At last the secretary of Nandipur-11 gave the
vote of thanks. 280 unit blood was collected in this camp.
7.
A.
Poetry
[10]
(i)
C. The immortality of art and literature.
(ii)
FALSE
(iii) ...just as a fountain constantly pours forth water, the tales of the mighty dead pour forth
endless inspiration and wisdom for the living.
(iv)
abundance
(v)
tombs
(vi)
C. Creates a sense of anticipation and expectation for the reader
B.
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
(v)
(vi)
166
D. Fearful and apprehensive
It suggests a contrast between the speaker's internal emotional response and her outward
behaviour.
B. sensitivity
FALSE
The poem highlights the importance of cherishing and appreciating the people we love,
while we still can.
...the speaker is trying to hold back her emotions and remain composed, despite the pain
she feels at parting from her mother
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SECTION-C : LITERATURE (40 Marks)
E
CBSE
8.
A.
Prose-Vistas
[8]
(i)
This makes it an important reference point for understanding the effects of human
activities on the environment and the potential impacts of climate change.
(ii)
C. are differing views on the causes and implications of climate change
(iii) ... just like a time machine would allow us to observe past events, carbon records allow
us to observe past climate conditions.
(iv)
(Any one)
...because the writer presents information in a straightforward and objective manner
...because the writer applies a third-person point of view and avoids the use of
personal opinion or emotional language
...because the writer uses a logical structure to present their argument
(starting with the importance of Antarctica as a relatively pristine location, and then
moving on to explain the significance of the ice cores and carbon records found there)
B.
(i)
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(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
E
(Any one)
create a sense of approaching doom
use it as a tool to heighten the reader's curiosity and interest in the story
D. Unease
bravery/ heroism / leadership
This is so because the word "fantastic" is usually associated with something positive or
exciting, while the word "demise" suggests something negative or tragic.
9.
A.
Prose-Flamingo
[12]
(i)
(Any two)
the sounds of the opening and closing of desks
the loud lessons repeated in unison
the teacher's ruler rapping on the table
(ii)
A. The classmates have started the lesson.
(iii) ...the school was unusually quiet and still, as if it were a day of rest / holiday/ school off,
rather than a bustling school day
(iv)
The protagonist seems to have a plan for how to sneak into class without being noticed,
suggesting that they may have been in similar situations before.
(v)
The strictness and severity of M. Hamel's discipline
(vi)
B. The Importance of Punctuality
B.
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(Any one)
To give voice to their hopes, dreams, and struggles in a way that is immediate and
relatable
To add a sense of authenticity and realism to the story
To make the experience more engaging and memorable for the reader
B. An opinion.
(Any one)
The boys are barefoot, which suggests that they may come from poor or
marginalized backgrounds and do not have access to proper footwear.
167
English
10.
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
(v)
(vi)
168
Answer any Five of the following in about 40-50 words each:
[5×2=10]
The lawyers were unconcerned about the peasant's plight before they met Gandhiji. It was only
when Gandhiji pointed out about the injustice to the peasants they realized that they being the
locals and representing the peasants in the law-courts should shoulder more responsibilities.
The informative details can only inform, they cannot move the reader. The sensory details make
the reader feel the situation in exactly the same way, the writer wishes to convey. The intensity
of feeling is aptly conveyed through sensory details.
The setting plays a vital role in contributing to the overall tone and mood of the story as it
creates a sense of isolation and desolation emphasizing the loneliness and despair that the
peddler experiences. It also represents the metaphorical wide mass of the human soul,
highlighting the struggles and temptations that people face in their journey through life.
If the last four lives of the poem were omitted, the poem would have a more somber tone. The
poem with the last four lines gives hope that sufferings or ordeals of life can be overcome
through the work of an art, also the image of tigers prancing, proud and unafraid towards the
positive end suggests that even after Aunt's death the tiger in the panel will be alive and
liberated from the social and cultural constraints.
Through these lines Umberto Eco suggests that the success of his book, "The Name of the
Rose" was largely due to timing. This could also be interpreted that his work was widely
accepted as it was influenced by the historical, social and political climate of its time and
resonated strongly with readers in the culture and time in which it was published.
Importance of loyalty, creativity and versatility in any foetal is very important as can be seen in
the ease of Subbu who was an extremely loyal employee and turned his entire creativity to his
principals advantage. To every problem he was having numerous alternatives or solutions. He
also had the ability to work with others and we can see he was tailor-made for films. All these
qualities that we see in Subbu are very much required in film industry.
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(iv)
(v)
(vi)
The phrase "an army of barefoot boys" implies that the boys are a unified group, and
that they have a sense of solidarity or shared identity.
The comparison to "morning birds" suggests that the boys are lively and energetic,
and that they move around quickly and unpredictably.
The fact that the boys "disappear at noon" suggests that their time is limited or
constrained in some way, and that they may need to return to their homes or other
responsibilities.
The use of the word "disappear" may also imply that the boys are overlooked or
ignored by the wider society, and that they are not given the recognition or support
that they need.
The phrase "like the morning birds" could also imply that the boys are vulnerable,
and that their carefree lifestyle may be disrupted by external factors such as poverty,
exploitation, or violence.
The line from the text: "Over the months, I have come to recognize each of them."
C. "I like your shoes. What matters is that they protect your feet."
straightforward / uncomplicated / direct/ clear
E
CBSE
11.
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
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12.
A.
E
Answer any two of the following in about 40-50 words:
[2 × 2 = 4]
At the time of vadai incident the writer was just in the third grade according to which we can
infer that she was too young and her cognitive and emotional abilities were still developing, he
lacked a full understanding of complex social issues like untouchability. Before this incident
she hadn't heard people speak openly of untouchability which suggests that she may not have a
complete grasp of the issue (untouchability).
The play highlights the damaging effects of prejudice and stereotypes on both the victim and
the perpetrator. However, it also suggests that empathy and understanding can overcome these
barriers.
Through the development of a relationship between the two characters, Derry and Mr. Lamb,
we see how their initial assumptions about each other are challenged and ultimately broken
down.
This underscores the importance of empathy in recognizing and overcoming prejudices, as it
allows individuals to see beyond surface-level differences and connect on a deeper level.
In the given context Hana is expressing her frustration with Yumi, who is hesitant to help with
the wounded white man. Here Hana is highlighting the fact they are all humans, regardless of
their race or nationality. These words also demonstrate Hana's sense of moral superiority over
Yumi, who is more concerned with following the strict rules of her society than helping a
fellow human being.
Answer any One of the following in about 120-150 words:
[5]
Dear Robert
I recently read your poem, "A Roadside Stand," and was struck by the conflicting emotions that
you expressed towards the end. I understand that it can be difficult to make decisions when we
are overwhelmed by our emotions.
In my own experience, I have found that taking a moment of stillness and reflection can be very
helpful in gaining a deeper understanding of the situation and connecting with our own
humanity and that of others. This is the message that I try to convey in my poem, "Keeping
Quiet."
I would advise you to take a moment to be still and contemplative before making any decisions
about the fate of the people at the roadside stand. By quieting your mind and being present in
the moment, you may be able to understand their struggles and pain objectively, and gain a new
perspective about your own place in the world too. I also feel that by breaking from your
routine and taking a moment of stillness and reflection, you might gain a deeper understanding
of the situation and make a more functional decision.
I believe that this moment of reflection could help you to see beyond your conflicting emotions.
We are all human, after all, and before connecting with others, and resolving their issues, we
must try to connect with our own selves to advice from a place of balance and calm.
I hope this advice is helpful to you. Please let me know if there is anything else I can do to
support you.
Warmly
Pablo Neruda
169
B.
Good morning everyone.
As I analysed the allotted texts, I noticed that though each portrayal of women was unique, they
all offered varied insights into the experiences of women in society.
To begin with, Aunt Jennifer was portrayed as a victim of patriarchy, living in a world where
women were expected to conform to societal norms and expectations and was unable to attain
freedom and strength she desired, due to the limitations imposed upon her by society.
In contrast, Sophie was portrayed as ambitious and determined to break free from societal
norms. She refused to be limited by her gender and sought to challenge the restrictions placed
upon her. Sophie's mother, on the other hand, from a generation prior, had chosen to conform
and sacrifice her individuality to societal expectations.
Similarly in "Lost Spring," the grandmother and daughter-in-law, in Firozabad, were portrayed
as resilient in the face of poverty and the societal constraints of their caste. However, unlike
Sophie’s and Aunt Jennifer’s need to find an outlet, they found ways to make the best of their
situation, despite the limitations placed upon them.
When we analyse the portrayal of the aged mother, in "My Mother at Sixty-six", she is
presented as vulnerable and in need of protection. Sadly, it does make one wonder about the
unaddressed vulnerability of Sophie’s mother and the grandmother in “Lost Spring”. A point
worth considering is that Kamala Das mother’s acceptance of her circumstances comes across
as a voluntary decision, whereas that of the women in “Lost Spring” is a akin to resignation.
These portrayals of women offer valuable insights into the experiences of women in our
society-from victimization to the resilience in the face of poverty - and offer us important
lessons about strength, vulnerability and the need for empathy and respect.
To conclude, I’d like to say that as readers, we can learn from their experiences and strive
towards a more equitable and just society. These characters, stress that it is important to
recognise the complexities of each woman’s experiences, and refrain from passing sweeping
judgements as women are not a uniform group, but rather unique individuals.
13.
A.
Answer any One of the following in about 120-150 words:
[5]
I have been married to Charley for a few years now and I have always known him to be an
intelligent man with an imaginative mind. However, his recent obsession with finding the Third
Level has left me quite worried. While he talks about it with excitement, I cannot help but
wonder if it is a good quality or a harmful one.
On one hand, Charley’s obsession displays his determination and persistence in achieving his
goals. It shows that he is willing to go to great lengths to unravel the mysteries of life. His
imagination and curiosity are admirable qualities that have always attracted me to him.
However, his obsession has caused him to become detached from reality. He is no longer able
to differentiate between what is real and what is not. He spends all his time and money
searching for a place that may not even exist. This could be harmful not only to himself but also
to our family.
I understand that he feels overwhelmed by the stress and pressures of his present life and Sam
indicated that he uses his obsession as a coping mechanism. I think this is harmful as it prevents
him from addressing the underlying issues that are causing him stress.
Furthermore, Charley’s obsession has caused him to neglect his responsibilities. He has been
absent from work and has not been able to contribute financially to our household. His
obsession is affecting our relationship, and I am afraid that if he continues on this path, it might
lead to irreparable damage.
Finally, all I can say is, I believe that Charley’s obsession with finding the Third Level may
have started as a harmless curiosity, but it has now become a harmful one. I love him dearly
and I hope that he realizes that his obsession is affecting not only himself but also those around
him.
170
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English
E
CBSE
B.
I find myself reflecting on an event that happened many years ago, one that has continued to
haunt me ever since. It is the incident where my long hair was forcefully cut off at the Carlisle
Indian School. As I sit here today, I cannot help but feel conflicted about my actions that day.
On one hand, I am proud that I stood up for myself and refused to submit to their demands at
first. I remember the fire in my belly as I declared that I would struggle before giving in.
However, as time passed, my spirit wavered, and eventually, I allowed them to cut my hair.
Looking back now, I cannot help but feel that I gave in too easily, that I did not do enough to
resist.
As I ponder over what I could have done differently, I realize that there might have been other
options. Perhaps I could have sought help from my fellow students. Maybe I could have tried to
escape or find another way out of the situation. But in that moment, I was so overwhelmed and
confused that I could not think straight.
I know that I have blamed myself for this incident for far too long. But today, I choose to
absolve myself of any blame. As a young girl, I forced into a strange place. I was not given the
chance to make my own choices, to decide what was best for me. I was a victim of a system
that sought to strip away my identity and forced me to assimilate.
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Today, I choose to forgive myself and honour the brave little girl who stood up for herself that
day. I am grateful for her courage and strength and I will continue to honour her memory by
fighting for justice and equality for all.
E
171
English
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E