Hasan Art Studio
HISTORY OF INDIAN ART (One Liner) Session 2022-23
Contents
S.N.
Topics
Page
No.
1.
The Rajasthani School of Miniature Painting
4-11
Origin and Development
Sub-Schools-Mewar, Bundi, Jodhpur, Bikaner, Kishangarh and Jaipur
Main features of the Rajasthani School
Title
Painter
Maru-Ragini
Sahibdin
Chaugan Players
Dana
Krishna on swing
Nuruddin
Radha (Bani- Thani)
Nihal Chand
Bharat Meets Rama
Guman
at Chitrakuta Guman
Jaipur
Appreciation of these Rajasthani paintings.
2.
3.
4.
Sub-School
Mewar
Jodhpur
Bikaner
Kishangarh
Jaipur
The Pahari School
Origin anddevelopment
Sub-Schools-Basohli, Guler, Kangra, Chamba andGarhwal
Main features of the Pahari School
Appreciation of the following Pahari paintingsTitle
Painter
Krishna with Gopis
Manaku
Nand, Yashoda and
Nainsukh
Krishna with Kinsmen
Going to Vrindavana
The Mughal School
Origin and development
Main features of the Mughal School
Appreciation of the following Mughal PaintingsTitle
Painter
Krishna
Lifting
Mount Miskin
Govardhana
Falcon on a Bird-Rest
Ustad Mansoor
Kabirand Raidas
Ustad Faquirullah Khan
Marriage Procession of Dara Haji Madni
Shukoh
The Deccan School
Origin and development
Main features of the Deccan Schoo
Appreciation of the following Deccan paintingsTitle
Painter
For class 12 CBSE
14-18
Sub-School
Basohli
Kangra
21-29
Period
Akbar
Jahangir
Shahjahan
Shahjahan
32-34
Sub-School
Page 1
Hasan Art Studio
HISTORY OF INDIAN ART (One Liner) Session 2022-23
Hazrat Nizamuddin Auliya
and Amir Khusro
Chand Bibi Playing Polo
(Chaugan)
Unknown
Hyderabad
Unknown
Gol Konda
S.N.
Topics
1.
The Bengal School of Painting and National Flag of India.
(About the beginning to mid of the 20th Century)
(i)
Introduction to the Bengal School of Painting
Page
No.
37-41
Origin and development of the Bengal School of Painting
Main features of the Bengal School of Painting
Appreciation of the paintings of the Bengal school
Title
Painter
Journey’s End
Abanindranath Tagore
Shiv and Sat
Nandla Bose
Radhika
M.A.R.Chughtai
Meghdoot
Ram Gopal Vijaivargiya
(ii)
Contribution of Indian artists in the struggle for National Freedom Movement.
44-45
(iii)
National Flag of India and the Symbolic significance of its forms and the colours.
46-48
2.
The Modern trends in Indian Art
50
(i)
PaintingsTitle
Painter
Rama Vanquishing the Pride of the Raja Ravi Varma
Ocean
Mother and child
Jamini Roy
Haldi Grinders
Amrita Sher Gill
Mother Teresa
M.F.Husain
Graphic – prints
Title
Painter
Children
Somnath Hore
Devi
Jyoti Bhatt
Of Walls
AnupamSud
Man, Woman and Tree
K. Laxma Goud
SculpturesTitle
Sculptor
Triumph of Labour
D. P. Roychowdhury
Santhal Family
RamkinkarVaij
Cries Un - heard
Amar Nath Sehgal
Ganesha
P.V. Janaki Ram
Sample Question Paper for Painting
51-54
(ii)
(iii)
For class 12 CBSE
57-60
63-66
68-69
Page 2
Hasan Art Studio
HISTORY OF INDIAN ART (One Liner) Session 2022-23
Miniature Painting:
The paintings which are small in size but having enough details in the delineation of different objects are
called miniature paintings. The paintings of this style were introduced in India in the second half of the 10th
century A.D.
Pala School:
Basically belong to Pal Dynasty: Gopal Pal, Dharma Pal.
Work: Vikram Shila University (Bhagalpur Bihar)
Lord Buddha
Manuscript: - Pragya Paromita made on Palm Leave (
Tadapatra)
Pal- Pragyapramita – Buddha – 999 a.d. ( 10th century)
Jain School:
Basically belong to Jainism.
Kalpsutra style Manuscripts.
Kalpsutra: Religious text- Palm leaves.
Other name: Apbhransh style, Gujrat Style,
Western Indian style.
Some important Questions:
1. What is Miniature Painting?
2. When were miniature paintings introduced in India?
3. Write the name of Buddhist manuscript is painted as miniature.
4. What do you know about Jain School?
5. Write other name of Jain Style.
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Hasan Art Studio
HISTORY OF INDIAN ART (One Liner) Session 2022-23
1.
Origin and Development:
In the beginning of the 16th century, the delineation of miniature paintings in the Jain Kalpasutra style
was started in Mewar (Udaipur), area of Rajasthan. In these paintings we find the collaboration of specific
elements of local folk arts and the great art traditions of Ajanta and Gujarat.
Other Name: Hindu style, Rajputa Painting.
Origin and Development:
Period - 16thTo 19thCentury
Peak Time- 18th Century
Early Area- Mewar (Udaipur)
Mixture- Gujrati tradition, Rajasthani Folk Art and Ajanta Painting
Scholar – Anand Kumar Swmai (According to A.K. Swami 200 years, deference between Pahari and
Rajasthani Painting).
Book- Rajput Painting (1916).
Sub- school (sub-style) or areas of Rajasthani SchoolMewar, Jodhpur, Bikaner, Kishangarh, Jaipur and Bundi.
Themes of the Paintings
Vaishvanism- Rama and Krishna
Krishna- God & Ideal of Lover
Radha- Human Soul (Geeta Govinda)
Geet Govind Written by Jayadeva (12th century book) – Radha and Krishna
Rasikpriya – Keshavdas( Shringar Rasa)
Barahmasaa (poetic Book)- 12 Month of the year:
It’s Upon the Nayika to Nayak, Not to leave her and proceed on a journey.
Rasa Manjari (Sanskrit) by Bhanu Dutta- Nayak NayikaBhed
Bihari Satsai by Bihari Lal- ( satsai mean- Verses, poems lines, Stanza)
Ragamala- is the tittle of a composition of twelve verses, running in to sixty lines.
The six main Ragas:- 1- Bhairava, 2-Malkos, 3- Hindol, 4-Deepak, 5- Megha, 6- Shree.
Romantic Stories:- Dhola- Maru, Sohini Mahiwal (punjabi love story), Marigavat (Sanskrit)
Love Poem- Chaurapanchashika by Kashmiri Pandit
Laura Chanda by Molana Daud.
Purana- Ramayana, Bhagwat Purana, Mahabharata, Devi Mahatma.
Some other theme: Darbar scene and Historic moment, Hunting, Picnics, Parties, Dance , Music, Festivals,
Portraits of Kings, Courtiers, City views, Birds and Animals.
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HISTORY OF INDIAN ART (One Liner) Session 2022-23
Specialities or featuresColour scheme and Material:
o Paper- Waslis handmade sheet (Handmade sheet+ Glue = thick paper)
o Outline- Black and Brown.
o Brushes- Camel and Squirrel hair.
Painting activity was a kind of teamwork
Master artist putting the finishing touches.
All woman painted in same figure as symbol of all femininity
Large lotus eyes.
Flowing tresses (hair) firm breasts, slender waists and rosy hand.
Indian life, its daily activity with emotions.
2D painting
Warm and flashy colours.
Sub-School:
Mewar:
Early centre of Rajasthani painting
This style traced other centre of Rajasthani School from 16th century onwards.
It’s pure before it came into contact with Mughals.
Main Artists: Sahibdin and Manohar.
Some Work of Mewar sub- school
Ragamala (1605) by Nisardin(Early Painting)
Sahibdin Painting:
Ragamala Painting (1628)
Rashikpriya
Bhagwat Purana (1648)
Yudddha Kanda of Ramayana (1652)
Manohar’s Painting:Bal Kanda of Ramayana (1649)
Exceptional Gifted Artist Jagnath:Bihari Satsai (1719)
Jagat Singh Ramayana –Yuddha Kanda by Sahibdin
Nathdwara (Sub-centre of Mewar) - Emerged as a school of painting in the late seventeenth century.
Famous for Pichwais— Backdrop in large size (Shrinathji’s Painting) were painted on cloth for the deity,
Shrinathji, for several festive occasions.
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Hasan Art Studio
HISTORY OF INDIAN ART (One Liner) Session 2022-23
Maharaja Jagat Singh II (1734- 1752)
Folio Paintings
Features of Mewar Paintings:
Bhakti Movement Paintings.
Bright and Brilliant colours used.
Male and female have long noses, oval shaped faces, fish-like eyes.
Male use loose fitting garments, patka, turbans.
Female use loses long skirts, choli, transparent Odhnis.
Female smaller than the male.
Painting:
Tittle- Maru Ragini
Painter- Sahibdin
Colour/ Medium- Water Colour
Technique- Tempera
Sub-school- Mewar
Collection- National Museum New Delhi.
Subject matter:
This is the Ragmala Series painting by Sahibdin. This painting
based on Famous Rajasthani Love Story Dhola and Maru.
Composition:
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
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o
o
Set of Ragmala Painting
It is one of the masterpieces of Mewar School.
A love story of Prince Dhola and Princess Maru.
Maru is also shown in typical Rajasthani costume.
5 Human figures are shown in the painting.
1 camel and 1Hond are shown in the walking position.
Dhola and Maru are shown travelling on a camel through a desert, with Dhola riding the camel and
looking back at Maru.
Yellowish background, Brown shade depict desert.
The sky is dark blue in colour.
Details about miniature are written with hand on the top of the painting.
The whole composition shows rhythm, motion and balance.
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HISTORY OF INDIAN ART (One Liner) Session 2022-23
Bundi:
Ruled by Hara Royal Dynasty till 1625 A.D.
Earliest miniature painting painted in Chunar in reign of Bhoj Singh (1585-1607) the Hara Ruler.
Bishan Singh successor Ram Singh (1821-1889) Build Chitrashala Painted by Mural painting of royal
processions, hunting and episodes of Krishna’s stories.
Bundi high quality paintings were made in mid-17th century.
Famous Painting:
Bhairav Ragini – (lady worshipping Shiva)
Summer Elephant- about 1750.
Favourite themes are:
Ragamala
Baramasa
Rasikpriya
Raga Deepak- Portrait
Features of Bundi sub-school/style:
Keen interest in landscape, wild life and birds, hills and thick jungles and water Bodies.
One of the Most Beautiful painting- Elephant
Human face: Round and small eyes and nose add charm and emotion to the figures.
Landscape of hills, thick jungles, Rever and lotus ponds and lakes with water birds have been painted.
Jodhpur:
Rao Jodha founded – Jodhpur in 1459 from Mewar.
Jodhpur painting mostly influence by Mughal style.
Earliest sets painted in Pali. Pali is a Ragmala by Virji 1623.
A productive period started by Maharaja Jaswant Singh (1638- 1678)
A trend for documentary (Poartrait, court life) started under Maharaja Jaswant Singh.
Prominent work- BhagvataPurana.
Last phase of Jodhpur painting in the reign of Man Singh (1803-1843)
Man Singh Period’s PaintingRamayana (1804),
Dhola- Maru
Panchtantra (1804)
Shiv Purana.
Man Singh was. The follower of Nath Sampradaya
Set of painting Nath Charita (1824)
Man Singh’s Poem- Krishna Vilas
Features of Jodhpur:
Tall female figures
Heads are smaller in comparison to the body.
Female figures shorter than male.
Jodhpur paintings are somewhat larger than other painting.
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HISTORY OF INDIAN ART (One Liner) Session 2022-23
Painting:
Tittle: Chaugan Players
Artist: Dana
Sub-school: Jodhpur
Medium: Water colour
Technique: tempera
Collection: National Museum New Delhi.
Subject matter:This painting is a showcase of the life
style of Royal family and showing the interest
towards sports.
Composition:
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
Two princesses are shown playing polo with their four attendants.
Dana represents Jodhpur painting of Man Singh’s reign.
Princesses are shown facing each other, horses are facing each other too with their uplifted legs,
Horses are minutely decorated; uplifted legs of the horses are showing motion.
Woman depicted in Mughal style.
Costumes are in Rajput style.
The flat green background is suggestive of the indigenous preference for flat surfaces. The painting is
inscribed with a line on the upper portion that is translated as, “beautiful maidens on horsebacks,
playing”.
Bikaner:
Rao Bika Rathore established in 1488.
Anup Singh (1669- 1698) instituted library.
Bikaner School painting influence by Mughal, because of long association with Mughals.
Several master of Mughal, work with Bikaner Artists.
Ustaad Ali Raza Delhi Painnter, Karan Singh Employed him in Bikaner court.
In the reign of Anup Singh, Ruknuddin (came from Mughal court) whose style was mix Indian, Persian and
Mughal style.
Ruknuddin’s work- Ramayan, Rashikpriya, Durga Satpsati.
Other artist:- Ibrahim, Nathu, Sahibdin and Isha.
Bikaner Studio’s Name- Mandi (supervision under- Ruknuddin, Ibrahim, Nathu)
Several Mandi existed in Bikaner in Anup Singh’s reign.
Mural painting also done to decorate Chandra Mahal and Sujan Mahal, Anup Mahal, Phool Mahal.
Feature of Bikaner Painting:
Clouds are painted in circular style.
Hunting scene beautifully depicted.
In Human figures:Light lips, Half open eyes, Small chin, Very thin wrists, Moustaches of man.
Main theme: portrait, Ramayana, Mahabharata, Krishna, Ragmala, Radha and Krishna Love.
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HISTORY OF INDIAN ART (One Liner) Session 2022-23
Painting:
Tittle: Krishna on Swing
Artist: Nuruddin
Medium: Water Colour
Technique: Tempera
Collection: National Museum New Delhi.
Subject matter:This miniature, illustrating Rashikapriya poetry of
Keshav Das. Krishna Lila beautifully depicted in the
painting.
Composition:
o
o
o
o
o
o
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o
Painting has 2 part in the painting, Krishna seated
on a swing in upper part.
Radha sitting in front of him in the balcony is
wearing traditional but decorated ‘Ghagra’ and
‘choli’.
They are looking at each other. Rdha’s head is
covered with a transparent Odhnis and she is
sitting on arced carpet.
In the upper part pavilion painted beautifully.
In the lower panel, both Radha and Krishna are
sitting at different places under a tree in a foreground.
An attendant of Radha is also shown in the painting. She has perhaps brought a message for
Krishna.
The leaves of the trees are shown clearly in clusters of repeating patterns.
Both the Tree and a mound are in the background.
Kishangarh School of Painting:
Kishan Singh son of Jodhpur King Udai Singh founded Kishangarh in 1609.
Kishngarh painting goes on peak under the reign of Raja Sawant Singh.
Sawant Singh was a scholar, a Critic and a renowned poet in Hindi, Sanskrit, parsian under the Pen-name
of Nagri Das.
He wrote over 50 Books.
Sawant Singh’s most outstanding artist Nihal Chand
Nihal Chand work for Sawant Singh 1735-1757.
Nihal Chand composed painting on Sawant Singh’s poetry theme of devine lover Radha and Krishna.
Most famous painting of this school is Radha (bani-thani).
Other Artists- Bhawani Das, Surat Ram.
Other subject of Kishangarh paintings- Romantinc life of Radha and Krishna in Geet Govind by Jaydev,
Bhagwat Purana, Bihari Chandrika by Nagri Das are the main themes.
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HISTORY OF INDIAN ART (One Liner) Session 2022-23
Features of Kishangarh Paintings:
Subject matter- Hunting scene, count scene, portraits of kings/ Nawab, Emperors, saints etc.
In faces: arched eyebrows, lotus petal shaped eyes, dropping eyelids, a sharp slender nose and thin lips.
Primary colours have been applied.
Most beautiful female painted.
Painting:
Tittle: Radha (Bani- Thani)
Artist- Nihal Chand
Sub-school: Kishangarh
Medium: Water Colour
Technique: Tempera
Collection: National Museum New Delhi.
Subject matter:
Beauty of Woman, depicting Raja Sawant singh love towards
Radha and Krishna.
Composition:
o
o
o
o
o
o
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Bani- Thani ( lady of fashion).
She was attendant of Raj Singh’s wife and a gifted poetess, singer and dancer.
Her long curly hair is shown flowing down her shoulders and the curl of her hair on her cheek adds
beauty to the painting.
She is wearing a transparent odhani with golden motifs on it.
Sawant Singh Write about her in Poem Bihari Jas Chandrika.
Sawant Singh and Bani Thani always represented as Radha and Krishna.
Radha (bani-thani) face deeply curved eyes, arch eyebrows, pointed nose, spiral lint hair, down on
the cheek, thin lips, pointed chin.
Her smile is mysterious as Mona Lisa's smile, so she is known as the Indian Mona Lisa.
Jaipur:
Founded by Sawai Jai Singh (1699- 1743).
He shifted from Amer to Jaipur.
He brought artist from Mughal court
He made a studio name- Surat Khana
Famous artist- Mohammad Shah and Sahib Ram (portrait artist).
Painting theme- Radha and Krishna, Rashikpriya, Geet Govinda, Baramasa, Ragmala, King
Portaits, Nayak NayikaBhed.
Features of Jaipur Sub-school:
There is a grace in the use of colours and lines.
Woman faces are round, figures are in medium size, and eyes are large.
Male figures have muscular body, round face, round nose, hair reach up to the ear.
Man wears loose Pajamas and Turbans.
Woman ghagras are painted in dark colour.
Paintings boarder are ornamented.
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HISTORY OF INDIAN ART (One Liner) Session 2022-23
Painting:
Tittle: Bharat meet Rama at Chitrakuta.
Artist: Guman
Sub-school: Jaipur
Medium and Technique: Water colour and
Tempera.
Collection: National Museum New Delhi.
Subject Matter:
This Painting is an episode from the epic
Ramayana, When Dasratha passed away, Bharat and
their tree mothers and courtiers visits Rama to
persuade him to return to Ayodhya.
Composition:
o
o
o
o
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In Paintig episode of Ramayana made between 1740-50 Known as Bharat Milap.
The whole incident is taking place at the jungle of Chitrakuta where Rama stayed for a few days.
49 figures are there in this painting.
Plane huts in brown shade, Dark colour trees.
River in forground, lotus and some trees are there.
Artist Guman begins the narrative from the left and ends it on the right.
The narrative ends with the group exiting the picture frame on the right. Each character of the
story in the painting is labeled.
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HISTORY OF INDIAN ART (One Liner) Session 2022-23
Questions
Multiple choice Questions:
1) Which style are cosiderd under Rajput School?
(i) Rajasthani and Iranian school
(ii) Rajasthani and Pahari school
(iii) Rajasthani and Mughal school
(iv) Rajasthani and Company school
2) Mention the title of painting done by Painter Nihal Chand of the Rajasthani School?
(i) Radha (Bani Thani)
(ii) Krishna lifting mountain
(iii) Krishna with Gopis
(iv) Maru Ragini
3) On which mythological book, the famous miniature painting Bharat Meets Rama at Chitrakuta is
based?
(i) Geet Govinda
(ii) Ramayana
(iii) Guruvani
(iv) Rasikpriya
4) To which school the ‘Maru Ragni’ painting is located?
(i) Pahari school of Miniature painting
(ii) Mughal School of Miniature painting
(iii) Rajasthani School of Miniature painting
(iv) Deccan School of Miniature painting
5) In which its sub school the famous miniature painting of the Rajasthani school ‘Krishna on Swings’ is made :
(i) Bikaner Sub school
(ii) Jaipur Sub School
(iii) Kishangarh Sub school
(iv) Jodhpur Sub School
6) Mention the title of the miniature painting done by the Nuruddin Painter of the Rajasthani School :
(i) Radha (Bani-Thani)
(ii) Chaughan Players
(iii) Bharat meets Rama at Chitrakut
(iv) Krishna on Swings
7) Nagari das was a………
(i) King
(ii) Servant
(iii) sculptor
(iv) None
8) What is meaning of chaugan?
(i) Polo
(ii) Volleyball
(iii) Cricket
(iv) none of the above
9) Which painting Known as “Indian Monalisa” in Rajasthani miniature painting?
(i) Krishna looking in to the mirror
(ii) Radha (Bani-Thani)
(iii) Maru Ragini
(iv) none of the above
10) Who made the first Scientific division of Rajasthani Painting?
(i) Ananda Koomara Swamy
(ii) Arvind Kumar Singhania
(iii) Mukul Raj Anand
(iv) Ramgopal Vijayavargiya
Answers:1)- (ii), 2)- (i), 3)- (ii), 4)- (iii) 5)- (i), 6)- (iv), 7)-(i), 8)- (i), 9)- (ii), 10)- (i).
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Hasan Art Studio
HISTORY OF INDIAN ART (One Liner) Session 2022-23
Very Short Questions (Answer to be written for each is about 30 words).
1. Evaluate the compositional arrangement of any three the following in short.
Or
Write short notes on any three the following :
i. Maru-Ragini
ii. Chaugan Players
iii. Krishna on Swing
iv. Radha (Bani-Thani)
v. Bharat meets Rama at Chitrakut.
Short Questions (Answer to be written for each is about 100 words):
2.Which one of the Rajasthani School of Miniature Painters you like the most? Write about the style
characteristics materials etc. of his/her work.
3. Describe the main Feature of the Rajasthani School of Miniature Painting.
4. Identify any one relevant painting of the Rajasthani School included in your course of study
comprising of the following features and explain them in the painting accordingly.
a) In this Paintig episode of Ramayana made between 1740-50 Known as Bharat Milap.
incident is taking place at the jungle of Chitrakuta where Rama stayed for a few days.
b) Radha sitting in front of Krishna in the balcony is wearing traditional but decorated ‘Ghagra’ and ‘choli’.
They are looking at each other. Rdha’s head is covered with a transparent Odhnis and she is sitting on
arced carpet. In the upper part pavilion painted beautifully.
Long Answer ( Answer to be written in 200 words):
1.Write short note on any two of the following:
i) Mewar Sub-school.
ii) Bundi
iii) Kishangarh
iv) Jodhpur
v) Bikaner.
2.Write an essay on Rajasthani School of Miniature Painting.
3. Write an essay on The Origin and Development of The Rajasthani School of Miniature
Painting.
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HISTORY OF INDIAN ART (One Liner) Session 2022-23
2.
Origin and Development:
Pahari painting, literally meaning a painting from the mountainous regions, is used for a form of
Indian painting, done mostly in miniature forms, originating from Himalayan hilly kingdoms of North India,
during 17th-19th century, notably Basohli, Mankot, Nurpur, Chamba, Kangra, Guler, Mandi, and Garhwal.
Pahari School / Hilly or Mountainous Art
Other Name: Kangra style, Kangra Kalam.
Period: 17th to 19th Century
Area/Sub-school/ Sub-style: Basohli
Guler
Kangra
Kullu, Mandi Chamba, Mankot, Nurpur, Bilaspur, Jammu and other in hills of western Himalayas.
Early Style: Basohli
Most develop Sub-School: Kangra Sub-school.
Influence/Mixture: Gujrat style, Mughal style, Rajasthani school and Deccan School.
Scholar: B.N. Goswami ( Bhupendra Nath Goswami), A.K. Swami (Anand Kumar Swami).
According to A.K. Swami 200 years, deferent between Pahari and Rajasthani Painting.
Artist were free to choose their theme and Topic for painting.
Characteristic and Feature:
Nature, Architecture, figural Type, facial features, costumes, some favourite Colours etc.
Basohli: (in Present Jammu and Kashmir)
Painting emerged in17th Century.
Mixture: Local folk tradition with Mughal elements.
Raja Sangram Pal reign (1635- 73) adopted Vaishnavism.
“Rasmanjari” where the hero is identified as Krishna and Radha. Radha become the heroine replacing
Parvati.
Topics: Ramayana, Mahabharata, and romantic theme, Nayak&Nayika- Bheda, “Geeta- Govinda”,
Rashikpriya, Bihari Satsai, Bhagwat Purana etc.
Famous Painting:
o Rasamanjari (1720). this
o Rama Gives away his possessions, Ayodhya Kanda, (Sangri Ramayana) 1690-1700 AD.
o Rama and Lakshmana following Vishvamitrato the forest Bala Kanda Shangri Ramayana, (16801688).
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Features & Characteristics:
Rasmanjri was the most popular theme of Basohli Painters.
StrongBrlliant colours ( Bright Red, Yellow, Green)
In Faces fish shaped eyes or Lotus Shaped eyes round chins, prominent nose, oval face etc.
Shining Jwellery.
Ornamentation Pavilion.
Wonderful mixture of:
o Blue and Yellow
o Red and Blue
o Grey and Brown.
Painting:
Title: Krishna with Gopis
Artist: Manaku.
Sub-school: Basohli.
Medium: Water colours
Technique: Tempera.
Collection: National Museum
New Delhi.
Subject matter:This painting based on Geet
Govinda composed by Jayadeva.
In this painting Manaku shows
Krishna lila with Gopis on the the
banks of river Yamuna.
Composition:
o
o
o
o
o
o
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This master piece Based on Geeta Govinda by Jayadeva.
Krishna is shown enjoying with Gopis.
Krishna is surrounded by eight gopis who are expressing their love and emotion towards him.
All figures have profile faces, sloping heads, eyes like lotus petals and a sharp nose.
Krishna is depicted in a dark blue colour, wearing yellow Dhoti.
In the background, different trees in decorative patterns are shown.
In the foreground, a narrow stretch of the river Yamuna is shown..
In the background, orange flare colour and multi colour and different trees in decorative pattern.
On the left side, two big trees are shown with geometrical patterned leaves.
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HISTORY OF INDIAN ART (One Liner) Session 2022-23
Kangra Sub-school/style:
Area in Present: Himachal Pradesh.
Time Period: 17th to 19th century
Blossom/ Peak Period: 18th to 19th century.
Peak Period under raja Sansar Chand (1775-1823).
Famous Artist Manaku and his son Came from (Guler) Prakash Chand reign to under Sansar Chand.
Kangra style is most poetic and Lyrical of India.
Main centre of Kangra: Guler, Chamba, Nurpur, Bilaspur and Kangra.
Later on this style also reached, Mandi, Saket, Kullu, Nalgarh and Tihri Garhwal.
Characteristic and Features:
Delicacy of lines.
Eyes of women made in the form of bow / long and narrow
Brilliance of colours.
Minuteness of decorative details.
Special feature is the delineation of the female face with straight nose in line with forehead.
Theme:
Bhagwat Purana, Gita Govinda, Naladamayanti, Bihari Satsai, Rangmala and Baramasa.
Other Themes:
Pictorial record of Sansar Chand and his court.
Sansar Chand shown sitting by the river side, Listening Music, watching Dance, Practicing Archery.
Paintings:
Bhagwat Purana is the one of the greatest achievements under the supervision of Nainsukh.
Rama and Sita in the forest (1780).
Kaliya Mardana (Bhagwat purana) 1785.
Krishna Playing Holi with Gopis (1800).
Re- enacting Krishna’s deeds (Bhagwat Purana)- 1780-85.
AbhisarikaNayika, 1810-1820.
A couple in month Jyestha- 1800.
Important Artists:
Fattu, Purkhu and Khushahal.
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HISTORY OF INDIAN ART (One Liner) Session 2022-23
Painting: 1
Title: Nand Yashoda and Krishna with
Kinsmen Going to Vrindavana
Artist: Nainsukh.
Period: 1785-90 AD.
Medium: Water colour.
Technique: Tempera.
Collection: National Museum New Delhi.
Subject matter:This episode taken from Bhagvata
Purana. Artist depicted Nanda,
Yashoda and Krishna with Kinsmen
going from Gokul to Virandavana.
Composition:
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
Episode from Bhagwat Purana.
Depicts Nanda with his family and relatives, travelling to Vrindavana .
In the painting, Nanda is seen leading the group.
All are travelling with Bullock cart.
Cows are realistically depicted in the painting.
In the background shows a landscape fully Natural.
Tree’s trunks and leaves are depicted in background beautifully.
Men and women carrying their household items and children.
Painting 2
Composition:
o
o
o
o
o
o
Episode from Bhagwat Purana.
In this painting, the inhabitants of
Gokul as well as Nand, Yashoda and
Krishna have been shown going to
Vrindavana.
Krishna has been shown in blue
colour, half naked but wearing
different ornaments made of gold.
In this painting thirteen human
figures have been shown.
On the left bank of the river, there is a bird sitting on a cut stem of a heavy tree.
In the background, there is sky surrounded with clouds, and through them are peeping out the
golden buildings of Vrindavana.
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Hasan Art Studio
HISTORY OF INDIAN ART (One Liner) Session 2022-23
Guler Sub-school/style:
Emerge in Early 18th Century.
This style transform from Basohli Kalam.
Then mix in Kangra Kalam/style.
Under the age of Raja Govardhana Chand (1744-73)
Main Artists: Pandit Seu and his son Manak(Manaku) and Nainsukh.
Guler style known as Pre-Kangra Kalam.
Manak called Manaku.
Manak brother Nainsukh became the court painter of Raja Balwant Singh of Jasrota.
Sons and grandsons of Manaku and Nainsukh work at many other centres and are responsible for the
finest examples of Pahari Paintings.
Manaku’s most outstanding work is Geeta Govinda (1730) of Guler.
Manaku’s work for main Zoravar Singh, son of Balwant Singh.
Mostly he worked in Jasrota.
Manaku’s Portraits are- Raja Govardhan and his family Prakas Chand etc.
Nainsukh Painted Balwant Singh’s Life styleo Performing Puja.
o Surveying a building site.
o Sitting in a camp in cold weather and so on.
Nainsukh genius was for individual portraiture
Nainsukh’s work speciality was pastel shades worth daring expanses of white of gray.
Painting:
o Balwant Singh in Prayer by Nainsukh
o Krishna embracing Gopis (Geet- Govinda) Guler.
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HISTORY OF INDIAN ART (One Liner) Session 2022-23
Questions
Multiple choice Questions: (for 1 mark).
1)Which is the famous painting of ‘Basholi’ School?
(i)Krishna on Swing
(ii) Krishna with Gopies
(iii) Krishna Lifting mount Govardhana
(iv) Nand, Yashoda and Krishna goind to Vrindavan
2) Mention the title of painting done by Painter Nainsukh of the Pahari School?
(i) Nand, Yashoda and Krishnawith Kinsmen going to Vrindavan
(ii) Radha and Krishna
(iii) Krishna with Gopis
(iv) Maru Ragini
3) On which mythological book, the famous miniature painting Nand, Yashoda and Krishna with
Kinsmen going to Vrindavan is based?
(i) Geet Govinda
(ii) Ramayana
(iii) Bhagwat Purana
(iv) Rasikpriya
4) Select the Golden Age of Kangra school:
(i) 1550 to 1660 A.D.
(ii) 1680 to 1725 A.D.
(iii) 1730 to 1857 A.D.
(iv) 1786 to 1805 A.D.
5) In which its sub school the famous miniature painting of the Pahari school ‘Krishna with Gopis’ is
made:
(i) Guler Sub school
(ii) Garwal Sub School
(iii) Kangra Sub school
(iv) Basohli Sub School
6) Pahari style was mainly influenced by (i) Mughal style and Rajasthani style
(ii) Worldly style (Sansarikashwarye)
(iii) Inspired by luxuty
(iv) Bengal Style
7) In which sub-school are the eyes of women made in the Kangra style?
(i) Big eyes
(ii) As a fish style
(iii) Like parwal
(iv) Om the form of bow/long and narrow.
8) The most popular theme of Basohli painters was(i) Rasmanjri
(ii) Raagmala
(iii) Ramayan
(iv) Mahabharata
9) Who was the father of Manaku and Nainsukh?
(i) Balwant
(ii) Pandit Seu
(iii) Manohar
(iv) Sahib Ram
10) In which Pahari painting Krishna is surrounded by eight gopis who are expressing their love and emotion
towards him.
(i) Krishna Lila
(ii) Radha and Krishna
(iii) Krishna with Gopies
(iv) Krishna Dancing
Answers:1)- (ii) 2)- (i) 3)- (iii) 4)- (iii) 5)- (iv) 6)- (i) 7)-(iv) 8)- (i) 9)- (ii), 10)- (iii).
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HISTORY OF INDIAN ART (One Liner) Session 2022-23
Very Short Answer (Answer to be written for each is about 30 words).
1. Evaluate the compositional arrangement of the following in short.
Or
Write short notes on the following :
i. Krishna with Gopis.
ii.Nand, Yashoda and Krishnawith Kinsmen going to Vrindavan.
iii. What do you understand by Basohli Sub-school?
Short Answer (Answer to be written for each is about 100 words).
2.Which one of the Pahari School of Miniature Painters you like the most? Write about the style
characteristics materials etc. of his/her work.
3. Describe the main Feature of the Pahari School of Miniature Painting.
4. Identify any one relevant painting of the Pahari School included in your course of study
Comprising of the following features and explain them in the painting accordingly.
a) This painting is an Episode from Bhagwat Purana. Depicts Nanda with his family and relatives,
travelling to Vrindavana .
b) This master piece Based on Geeta Govinda by Jayadeva. Krishna is surrounded by eight gopis
who are expressing their love and emotion towards him.
Long Answer (Answer to be written in 200 words): for 6 marks.
1. Write short note on the following:
i) Basohli
ii) Kangra
iii)Guler
2.Write an essay on The Pahari School of Miniature Painting.
3. Write an essay on The Origin and Development of The Pahari School of Miniature Painting.
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HISTORY OF INDIAN ART (One Liner) Session 2022-23
3.
Origin and Development:
Mughal School of miniature painting developed in the Northern Indian subcontinent in the 16 th to first half
of the 19th century. This is known for the theme, style of art, human figures and artists of the Islamic art came
from the Islamic world of Persia or Iran and Turkey. Its amalgamation with Indigenous themes and style, tradition
of Indian miniature painting.
Golden Period of Art (Akbar).
Golden Period of Painting (Jahangir).
Golden Period of Architecture (Shahjahan).
Features and Characteristic of Mughal School of Painting:
Book Illustrations are the prime subject.
Male dominated paintings.
Mostly Mughal Painting were part of Album and Manuscripts.
Painting Process:
o Sheets of handmade paper were prepared and cut to suit the size of manuscript.
o Designated space was left for the artist to fill with composition.
o Page fill with text.
o Then artist fill with composition related to the text.
o Painting finish by 3 to 5 artists.
No painting done by single Artists, Always done by group of Artists.
Figures are depicted in profile or quarter profile.
In Jahangir reign the Nature is shown in the delightful paintings of Birds, Animals and flowers
representations.
The calligraphic inscription, ‘Halo’ around the emperor’s head and decorative ‘Hasiah’ are the special
feature in this style.
After Completing the work burnish the work to set the colour.
Colour and Technique:
The painters in the atelier were also master in making colours.
Handmade paper.
Opaque colour- flat/अपारदर्शी
Colour made by Natural sources, (Flower, Leaves etc).
Brushes made by Squirrels or Kittens’s Hair.
Artists were given incentives and increments in their salary according to the work.
Master Artists enjoyed their position in Royal Atelier.
Pigment and colours achieved from those wereo Vermilion (red) from- Mercury sulphide
o Ultramarine (blue) from- Lapis Lazuli.
o Bright yellow from- Orpiment (arsenic trisulfide).
o White from- Shells (conch).
o Lampblack from – Charcoal.
o Gold and silver powder for Flashy touch.
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HISTORY OF INDIAN ART (One Liner) Session 2022-23
Mughal Dynasty:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Babur: 1526- 1530 AD.
Humayun: 1530- 40 And 1555- 1556 AD.
Akbar: 1556- 1605 AD.
Jahangir: 1605- 1627 AD.
Shahjahan: 1627- 1658 AD.
Aurangzeb: 1658- 1707 AD.
Last: Bahadur Shah Zafar. 1837- 1857 AD.
Babur: 1526- 1530 AD.
Mughal Empire established by Babur in 1526 AD.
Birth: 14 feb 1483 AD.
Died26 Dec 1530 AD.
Tomb : Bagh-i-Babur,Kabul (Afganistan).
Son: Humayun
Babur interest: Poetry, Philosophy, Art etc.
Autobiography Name: Tujuk-i-Baburi/ Baburnama.
Baburnama reflects the love for Art/painting that Babur had.
He mention in Baburnama that Bihzad’s work was dainty but he did not draw the faces well.
Bihzad was a master artist from the Persian school of Painting.
Bihzad called Raphael of the East.
One more artist Shah Muzaffar finds a mention a painter, who was great in making hairstyle.
Babur brought with him a book name Shah Nama (Iranians kings stories)
Architecture:
Panipath Masjid (Haryana)
Baburi Masjid (Ayodhya)
Humayun: 1530-40 and 1555- 56 AD.
Birth: 6 march 1508 AD. In Kabul.
Died: 26 Jan1556 AD.
Tomb: Humayun Tomb Delhi.
Son: Akbar
Established: Library in Deen-i-Panah Mahal.
Founded: NigaarKhana (painting workshop), part of his library.
He Invited two Persian Artists Mir Sayyid Ali, Abdus Samad, for carry out royal paintings.
Both the Artist were famous for their outstanding portraiture skills.
Mir Sayyid Ali Known as Nadir Ul Asar
Abdus Samad Known as Shiri Kalam/ Shiraji
Humayun Started Hamza Nama.
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HISTORY OF INDIAN ART (One Liner) Session 2022-23
Hamza Nama (Dastan-i-Amir Hamza): Narrates the legendary exploits of Amir Hamza uncle of Prophet
Muhammad. (Completed in 15 years.)
Hamza Nama completed in Akbar Period.
Hamza Nama completed in 15 years.
Mir Sayyid Ali and Abdus Samad bothe were the students of Bihzad.
Architecture:
Din-i-Panah Mahal
Sher-i-mandal Library.
Humayun tomb Built by - Haji Begum – in Akbar period.
Biography- Humayun Nama – by- Gulbadan Begum (sister of Humayun).
Akbar: 1556- 1605 AD.
Name: Jalaluddin Mohammad Akbar
Father: Humayun.
Son: Jahangir (salim).
Birth Place: AmerKot (Now Sindh Pakistan).
Famous wives: Jodha Begum, Ruquiya Begum.
Akbar Established Karkhana (Atelier) in Fatehpur Sikri Under the supervision of Abus Samad.
Maximum Profile portrait in Akbar court.
Akbar Period’s Manuscripts:
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
Timur Nama: In this Manuscript Mughals Shows as great Muslim dynasty by connecting them
with the timurids and the Mongols.
Tuti Nama: The Tuti-NamaContained within a larger story about a parrot.
Akbar Nama: Akbar Biography – by Abul Fazal (100 Artists in Akbar court *Important 13 Hindu, 4
Muslim Artists).
Babur Nama: Translation of Tujuk-Baburi- by Abdur Rahim KhaneKhana
Hamza Nama(Dastan-i-Amir Hamza): Narrates the legendary exploits of Amir Hamza or Hamza
ibnAbdul-Muttalib. (Completed in 15 years.)
Hamza Nama by- Ata Ullah Kazbini.
Hamza Nama consist 14 Volumes, 1400 Illustrations.
Bakayat-i- Babri: by Abdul Rahim Khan Khana (Describe about 19 Hindu Artists, 3 Muslim
Artists).
Translation During Akbar Period:
o
Mahabharata- Razam Nama (Farsi) –by Abdul Qadir Badayuni, completed in 6 years, 169
painting, 48 Artists.
o Ramayana (Sanskrit)- (Farsi) by Abdul Qadir Badayuni.
o Panchatantra- Anwar-i-Suhaili/ Ayyar-i-Danish- by – Abul Fazal.
o Tutinama- Parrot Story
o Bestest Painting of Akbar court- Birth of Salim by Ramdas.
o Tujuk-i-Baburi( Turkish language)- Babur Nama (Farsi language) by Abdul Qadir Badayuni.
Mural Painting started during the Period of Akbar (Fatehpur Sikri).
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HISTORY OF INDIAN ART (One Liner) Session 2022-23
Main Artist:
Mir Sayad Ali:
o Brought- Humayun
o Student of Bihzad
o Court painter- Akbar
o Poetry writer with name of Judai.
o Earlier court painter of Iranian King Shah Tamashp.
o Outstanding Famous work:-Started Dastan-i-Amir Hama (1555-1570) 15years.
Abul Abus Samad: (other name – Shiraji or Shiri Kalam)
o Brought- Humayun
o Court Painter- Akbar
o Student of Bihzad
o Famous student- Daswant and Basavan.
o Earlier court painter of Iranian King Shah Tamashp.
o Outstanding notable work: Completed Dastan-i-Amir Hamza.
•
Daswant:
o Famous work- Timur Nama, Rajam NamaamdDastan-i-Amir Hamza, Master in Hindu- Devi
DevtasPainting.
Basavan:
o Master in Cover page making.
o 40 years Art Work
o 200+ painting
o Ramayana painting, Manju, Darwar Nama.
Miskin:
o Birds and Animal Artist of Akbar’s Court.
Other Artist:
o Farukh Beg, Keshavlal, Mukund, Sawaldas, Jagannath, Tara, Harvansh, Madhu, Dharamdas,
BhimEtc. (6 Gujrati Artists were there).
Architecture of Akbar’s Period:
Fort, Court, Masjid, Tomb, Darwaje etc.
Lal Kila, Agra.
Fatehpur Sikri:
o Something 500 Buildings.
o Akbar Mahal.
o Jahangir Mahal.
o Jodha Bai Mahal.
o Shish Mahal.
o Panch Mahal
Ajmer Fort.
Allahabad Fort.
Agra Fort- By Red stone.
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HISTORY OF INDIAN ART (One Liner) Session 2022-23
Material for Paintings:
o
o
o
o
o
Paper- Iranian and Shiyalkoti
Akbar established Paper Karkhana- Shiyalkot.
Brushes called - Kalam
Artist called – Kalam Kataar or Mushavvir.
Art Studio – Karkhana.
Painting:
Tittle: Krishna Lifting Mount Govardhana.
Artist: Miskin
Period: Akbar
Medium & Technique: Water colour, Tempera
Collection: the Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York,
USA
Subject Matter:
In this painting artist shows the time when
Krishna once lifted the Goverdhana mountain on his
little finger to protect the Gokul-waasi from the wrath of
Indra.
Composition:
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
Episode based on Bhagwat Purana.
Krishna depicted as the Hero.
Krishna lifted Govardhan Parwat on their little
finger of left hand.
Gokul’s people (brajvasi) and their animal showing under it.
Krishna saves People from the wrath of Indra.
Mountain Shows like Umbrella.
Mount Govardhana is shown in a very decorative style with massive rocks, large trees and many
types of animals such as deer and monkeys.
It is a beautiful composition of Akbar's reign, showing his respect and love for Hindu religion and
culture.
Artist use multicolour in it.
Krishna painted in dark blue colour.
Krishna wearing yellow colour dhoti.
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HISTORY OF INDIAN ART (One Liner) Session 2022-23
Jahangir:(Golden Period of Painting) 1605-1627:
Name:- Salim
Mother: Jodha Bai.
Father: Akbar.
Famous wives: Nurjahan, Man Bai, Manwati.
Tomb- Saradha Lahore.
Main artists:
Akarija – Master Artist ( Iranian famous painter).
Abul Hasan (son of Akarija/ Shahi friend of Jahangir).
Abul Hasan- Portrait artist
Mansoor- Animals and Birds.
Visandas- Realistic (portrait)
Manohar – Hunting Scene.
Miskin- Birds, Animal.
Farukh Beg, Murad, Nadir, Govardhan, Tulsi,
Biography- Tujuk-i-Jahangiri (memories of Jahangir)
Tujuk-i-jahangiri’sFrunt page made by Abul Hasan.
Murakkas or Album popular under Jahangir.
Margin of the Border of the painting made by Gold etc.
Depiction of Europeans paining for gifted to Europeans who visited in his court.
Some Christian themes were also done in his curt.
Art of his time – Indigenous, Persian and European.
Famous Paper Shiyalkoti.
Album or Murkka famous under in Jahangir Period.
Famous Paintings:
Jahangir in Darbar (Jahangir Nama) attributed to Abul Hasan and Manohar (1620).
Jahangir Dream (1628-32) By Abul Hasan (Got tittle- Nadir-al-Zaman {wonder of the Age}).
Mansoor Tittle- Nadir-al-Asr.
Architecture of Jahangir’s Period:
Aitmat- Ud- Dola (tomb) –Nurjaha’s Father
Jahangir Tomb- by Nurjahan
Akbar Tomb Shikandra- Agra.
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HISTORY OF INDIAN ART (One Liner) Session 2022-23
Syllabus painting:
Tittle: Falcon on a Bird Rest.
Artist: Ustaad Mansoor.
Period: Jahangir.
Medium &Technique: water colour & Tempera.
Collection: National Museum, New Delhi.
Subject Matter:
This painting shows Jahangir’s love toward Birds and
Animals. It was a special bird from Persia. It was
gifted by Shah Abbas Emperor of Iran and Jahangir’s
friends.
Composition:
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
Jahangir loves too much to Bird and animals.
It was a special bird from Parsia gifted by his friend
Shah Abbas.
Later, it was killed by a cat.
This painting in Jahangir Nama.
This is one of the Mansoor’s realistic depiction.
Bird is painted in white colour against the yellowish background.
Border in black colour with golden colour.
3 words visible in the paintingWhich is in Devanagri Script— जहाांगीर-पातस्याह,बहरी,उत्तम.
Shah Jahan: (Golden Period of Architecture& Mughal Dynasty): 1628- 1658 AD:
Name: Prince Khurram
Birth- 1592- 1666 AD.
Father: Jahangir
Mother: Manvati.
Wife: Arjumand Bano Begum (Mumtaj).
Son: Aurangzeb and Dara Sikoh.
Tomb- World famous Tajmahal.
Padshanama is one of the famous painting project of shahJahan period.
Padshanama by Abd-al-Hamid Lahori.
Compositions to portray royal, historical and mystic subjects.
Shah Jahan encouraged the artists in the atelier to create magnificent works that were a blend of
imagination and documentation.
Use of jewel-like colours, perfect rendering and intricate fine lines.
His love for sparkling jewels and gems, passion for monumental architecture.
Main Artist:
Faquir Ullah Khan, Mir Hasim, Honhar, Bichitra, Fateh Chandra etc.
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HISTORY OF INDIAN ART (One Liner) Session 2022-23
Architecture:
White Marble was the Favourite material.
World Famous Taj Mahal- Agra.
Lal Kila (Red Fort)- Delhi. (Kila-i-Mubarak):
Some famous Buildings in Red Fort Delhi:
o Deewan-i-Aam,Deewan-i-Khas,
o Nahar-i-Bahisht,Janana, Khas Mahal, Hayat Bakhsh Bagh
Jama Masjid- Delhi.
Jama Masjid- Agra.
Buildings in Agra Fort:o Deewan-i-Aam, Deewan-i-Khas, Shish Mahal, Khas Mahal, Anguri Bagh, Shah Burj, Moti Masjid, Macchi
Bhawan etc.
Syllabus painting:
Tittle: Kabir and Raidas.
Artist: Ustaad Faquir Ullah Khan.
Period: Shahjahan.
Medium&Technique: Watercolour&Tempera.
Collection: National Museum, New Delhi.
Subject Matter:
Dara Shikoh had Huge respect for the
Saints and Sufis. Dara Shikoh gives
respect to every religion. This painting was the one of the master piece of Faquir Ullah Khan.
Composition:
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
Painting made by Faquir Ullah Khan requested on Dara Shikoh.
Dara Shikoh, lovely son of Shahjahan.
Dara Shiloh respect to much to Sufis.
Kabir and Raidas shown in sitting position.
Kabirdasweaving fabric on his handloom.
Only Brown colour shades used in this painting.
This is one of the horizontal painting.
Both saints looking in deep discussion on some subject.
In Border dark brown and golden colour has used.
Syllabus Painting 2:
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HISTORY OF INDIAN ART (One Liner) Session 2022-23
Tittle: Marriage procession of Dara Shikoh
Painter: Haji Madni.
Period: Shah Jahan
Medium & Technique: Water colour & Tempera.
Collection: National Museum, New Delhi.
Subject Matter:
This the master piece and evidence of the Royal Marriage
procession of Shah Jahan’s son Dara Shikoh.The painting depicts Royal
arrangements and the happiest environment have been very well
depicted.
Composition:
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
The Mughal prince is shown mounted on a brown horse
with the traditional sehra and is accompanied by his
father.
Shah Jahan, who has a resplendent halo/nimbus around
his head, riding a white horse.
The marriage procession is accompanied and received by music, dance, gifts and fireworks.
The artist has created the glamour of the marriage procession with all its pomp and show.
Border seen highly decorated.
Colours: Red, Green, Maroon, grey, Black White etc.
It is a beautiful night scene.
Aurangzeb: (1658-1707):
o
Declining the Mughal Miniature Painting:
Aurangzeb did not put as much effort to elevate the production of the Mughal atelier. However, unlike the
popular belief the royal atelier was not shut down immediately and continued producing beautiful pointings.
Due to gradual decline of ardent patronage, highly skilled artists left the Mughal atelier and were
welcomed by provincial Mughal rulers. These rulers imitated the Mughal royalties and wanted to recreate in
paintings the glory of their dynasty and events of their court.
Painting:
Some Portraits work done in their Period
His own portraits also we can see from Young age to old age.
Architecture:
Badshahi Masjid, Lahore Pakistan.
Bibi Ka Makbara, Aurangabad (copy of Taj Mahal)
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HISTORY OF INDIAN ART (One Liner) Session 2022-23
Questions
Multiple choice Questions:
1) Hamza Nama was painted under the supervision of--i) Akbar
ii) Jahangir
iii) Shah Jahan
iv) Humayun
2) Mention the title of painting done by Painter Haji Madni of the Mughal School?
(i) Kabir and Raidas
(ii) Marriage procession of Dara Dhikoh
(iii) Falcon on a Bird-Rest
(iv) Krishna lifting Mount Govardhana
3) The Author of Ain –i- Akbar__
i)Keshav
ii) Abul Fazal
iii) Jagannath
iv) Daswant
4) Mughal school was a blend of ___
i) Iranian and Chinese style
ii) Indian art and Persian style
iii) Western and Hindu style
iv) None of these
5) The golden era of Mughal architecture was the period of---i) Jahangir
ii) Aurangzeb
iii) Akbar
iv) Shahjahan
6) Miskin was the painter of which mughal emperor's court?_
i) Akbar
ii) Jahangir
iii) Humayun
iv) Shahjahan
7) "Krishna lifted mount Govardhana'' was painted in the period ofi) Aurangzeb
ii) Shahjahan
iii)Akbar
iv) Jahangir
8) How many figures have been shown in the painting “Kabir and Raidas”i) 5
ii) 3
iii) 2
iv) 1
9) Khwaza Abdusamad was the court painter of –
i) Jahangir
ii) Shahjahan
iii) Akbar
iv) Babar
10) The impact of Eropean art can be seen upon the paintings of the period ofi) Aurangzeb
ii) Shahjahan
iii) Akbar
iv) Jahangir
Answers:1)- (i) 2)- (ii) 3)- (ii) 4)- (ii) 5)- (iv) 6)- (i) 7)- (iii) 8)- (iii) 9)- (iii) 10)- (iv).
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Very Short Questions (Answer to be written for each is about 30 words):
1. Evaluate the compositional arrangement of the following in short.
Or
Write short notes on the following:
i. Krishna Lifting mount Goverdhana
ii. Kabir and Raidas.
2. Write short note on the Humayun Period.
3. Write 4 Artist name of the Mughal period.
4. Write 4 Buildings name, build in Shahjahan period.
Short Answer (Answer to be written in 100 words):
1. Identify any relevant painting of the Bengal School included in your course of study comprising of the
following features and explain them in that painting accordingly.
a) It was a special bird from Parsia gifted by his friend Shah Abbas.
b) Mountain is shown in a very decorative style with massive rocks, large trees and many types of animals such as
deer and monkeys.
2. Which one of the Mughal School of Miniature Painters you like the most? Write about the style
Characteristics materials etc. of his/her work.
3. Describe the main Feature of the Mughal School of Miniature Painting.
5. What were the subjects of the paintings painted in Mughal period?
6. How has Mughal Art reached its decline?
Long Answer ( Answer to be written in 200 words):
1. Write short note on the following:
i) Akbar Period
ii) Shahjahan Period
iii)Jahangir Period
2. Write an essay on The Mughal School of Miniature Painting.
3. Write an essay on The Origin and Development of The Mughal School of Miniature
Painting.
4. Write about various phases of origin and development of the style of the Mughal art of
miniature painting.
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4.
Origin and Development:
Deccani art denotes broadly the miniatures rendered from 16th to 19th century A.D. at Bijapur, Ahmednagar,
Golconda and Hyderabad. These independent states have their own distinct geographical and historical identity
known as Deccan. Deccan has its own distinction in art, culture, dramatics, linguistics, social values, costumes,
religious beliefs, thoughts and ideas.
Period – 16th to 19th century
Area:o Bijapur –(Adil Shahi Rule)
o Ahmednagar—(Nijam shahi Rule)
o Golconda— (Qutub-Shahi rule)
o Hyderabad – Nijam Shahi
Deccan style mixture of:
o Middle Eastern (Persian & Byzantine empire)
o Safavid (Iranian dynasty)
o Turkish and Mughal.
o Indigenous.
The art of Portraiture.
Presentation of Historical and Religious figures.
Darwari Art of court Painting.
Ahmednagar & Hyderabad:
Earliest Manuscript— Tarif-i-Hussain Shahi (1565-69 AD.).
Most 12 miniature in Tarif-i-Hussain Shahi:o In Battle scene- there is no artistic Intrest.
o Depiction of Queen and her marriage interestingly.
o Use gorgeous colours and sensuous line.
o The women represented northern tradition of Premughal painting.
Women in the painting of Ahmednagar wear a modified northern costume with choli and long Braided
pigtails, ending in tassel.
Deccan painting have similar characteristics with Mughal.
Influence by Persian Style.
All features, except the hairstyle, have traces of North Indian or Parsian.
Male costume is also Northern.
The Jama with pointed tails and small Pagri.
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Syllabus Painting:
Tittle: Hazrat Nizamuddin Auliya and Amir Khusro.
Artist: Unknown.
Sub-school: Hyderabad.
Medium&Technique: Watercolour and Tempera.
Collection: National Museum, New Delhi.
Subject Matter:
This is one of the great portrait by an unknown artist.
Two saints discussion most probably on a religious subject.
Amir Khusro was the disciple of Hazrat Nizamuddin Auliya.
Composition:
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
It depicts Hazrat Nizamuddin Auliyathe revered
Sufi saint of the thirteenth century.
Listening to music being played by his disciple.
Amir Khusrau, a renowned Indian poet and
scholar.
Even to this day, the dargah of Hazrat Nizamudin
Auliya in New Delhi
It is charming and narrative of a popular Indian theme.
The Sufi Saints beautifully depicted by facial Expressions, Posture of body white beard.
A yellow colour sunny halo.
In Background a big tree with flower and fruit.
In the foreground small garden of red flowers.
Bijapur:
Bijapur school Patronised by— Ali Adil Shah -I (1558-1580).
Ibrahim Adil Shah—II (1580-1627).
Both Adil Shah encouraged Indian Music and produced the earliest series of Ragamala Painting.
Bijapur’s richly Illustrated encyclopaedia known as “Nujum-al-Ulum (1570).
876 miniature in it.
Syllabus Painting:
Tittle: Chand Bibi Playing Polo.
Artist: Unknown.
Sub-school: Bijapur.
Medium and Technique: Watercolour and Tempera.
Collection: National Museum, New Delhi.
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Subject Matter:
this is the evidence of sports events in the royal
family. Chand Bibi shows here playing polo with her female
friends or attendant. Its shows royal women’s interest in
sports.
Composition:
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
This painting shows Chand Bibi, the Queen of
Bijapur.
One of the most prosperous and culturally
refined Deccani state.
Chand Bibi was a great sportsperson. Here,
she is showing playing chaugan.
The other name for equestrian polo game,
A popular royal sport of the time.
The painting appears to be provincial of much
later period.
In this painting 4 Princess are playing polo.
Background is mixture of green and yellow
colour.
Blue sky, yellow sun and trees and houses are
shown in the painting.
One female is directing the game.
4 Horse are in painting.
Golconda:
Become Independent in 1512 AD.
Artist came from the Vijaynagar by the end of the 16th century.
Artist came from the Mughal court in 17th century.
Golconda art became popular as Dutch merchant carried the portraits of Sultans in late 17 th century to
Europe.
The earlier Golconda Painting, dated 1635 – 1650, at that time as large as eight feet high, were made to be
used as wall hanging.
The Earliest five miniatures identified as Golconda work, were bonded up in Diwan of Hafiz dated 1463.
Painting:
o Mohammad Quli Qutub Shah— Golconda 1590.
o Poet in Garden – Golconda – 1605–1615.
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Questions
Multiple choice Questions:
1) In which medium the Deccan school of miniature paintings are made?
(i) Oil colours
(ii) Pastel colours
(iii) Water colours
(iv) Acrylic colours
2) Which area comes under Deccan School?
(i) Kishangarh
(ii) Mewar
(iii) Golkonda
(iv) Delhi.
3) Name any painting from Deccan School.
(i)Kabir and Raidas
(ii) Radha and Krishna
(iii)Chand Bibi playing polo
(iv) Rasikpriya
4) Name of the Painting which belongs to Hyderabad?
(i)Chand Bibi playing polo
(ii) Hazrat Nizamuddin Auliya and Amir Khusro
(iii) Falcon on a Bird Rest
(iv) Krishna lifting mount Goverdhana
5) In which Technique the Deccan school of miniature paintings are made? :
(i) Water colour
(ii)wash
(iii)Tempera
(iv)Knife and Plate
6) Mention the title of the miniature painting done by the “Unknown” Painter of the Mughal School :
(i) Chand Bibi playing polo
(ii) Hazrat Nizamuddin Auliya and Amir Khusro
(iii)None of these
(iv) both (i) and (ii)
7) In which school painter made painting on the theme of Yusuf-Zulekha.
i) Rajasthani Schol
ii) Pahari School
iii) Deccan School
iv) Pala School
8) Earliest manuscript of the Deccan school in Persian.
i) Tarif –i- Hussain Shahi
ii)Tarif-i-Hanafi
iii) Anwar-i-Suhali
iv) Tarif-i-Taimuriya
9) Which Deccani manuscript has 876 Paintings?
i) Nuzum-ul-Ulum
ii) Tarif-i-Husain Shahi
iii) Tarif-i-Hasan Shahi
iv) Anwar-i-Suhali
10) Deccani School reached its peak during _______________Reign.
i) Sultan Adil Shah
ii) Husain Nizam Shah
iii)Adil Shah II
iv) Kuli Qutub Shah.
Answers:1)- (iii) 2)- (iii) 3)- (iii) 4)- (ii) 5)- (iii) 6)- (iv) 7)-(iii) 8)- (i) 9)- (i) 10)- (i)
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Very Short Questions (Answer to be written for each is about 30 words):
1. Evaluate the compositional arrangement of the following in short.
Or
Write short notes on the following :
i. Chand Bibi playing polo
Ii. Hazrat Nizamuddin Auliya and Amir Khusro
Short Answer ( Answer to be written in 100 words):
1. Identify any relevant painting of the Bengal School included in your course of study comprising of the
following features and explain them in that painting accordingly.
a) The Sufi Saints beautifully depicted by facial Expressions, Posture of body white beard. In Background
a big tree with flower and fruit.
b) this is the evidence of sports events in the royal family. Its shows royal women’s interest in sports.
2.Which one of the Deccan School of Miniature Painting you like the most? Write about the style
characteristics, materials etc.
3. Describe the main Feature of the Deccan School of Miniature Painting.
4. What were the subjects of the paintings painted in Deccan school?
5. Write a short note on any one Deccan sub-school.
I. Golkonda
II. Hyderabad
III. Bijapur
Long Answer ( Answer to be written in 200 words):
1.Write short note on the following:
I. Golkonda
II. Hyderabad
III. Bijapur
2. Write about various phases (Golkonda, Hyderabad, Bijapur) of the Deccan art of miniature
painting.
3.Write an essay on The Deccan School of Miniature Painting.
OR
Write an essay on The Origin and Development of The Deccan School of Miniature Painting.
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5.
Origin and Development:
Bengal school is an Art movement that originated in Bengal.
Mainly from Kolkata and Shantiniketan.
It is a nationalist movement reacting against the academic art styles previously promoted in India by
British.
It flourished throughout India during the early 20th century.
Known as the Indian Style of Painting.
Mixture- Middle Indian Art, Indian Folk art and Ajanta.
Kala Bhawan was India’s first National Art School.
It was the part of Visva- Bharti University at Shantiniketan, Kolkata.
Shanti Niketan founded by Ravindra Nath Tagore.
Abanindra Nath Tagore and E.B. Havell (Ernest Binfield Havell) encourage Indian Artists to make painting
in their own rich Indian style.
Many Artists Influenced in different parts of the country.
It was associated with the Nationalist Movement (Swadeshi) Headed by Abanindranath Tagore.
E.B. Havell, the Principal of Government college of Art, Kolkata (now Govt. College of Arts&Craft Kolkata).
E.B. Havell asked Abni Babu to join Govt. College of Arts as Vice Principal in 1898.
E.B. Havell wanted from Indian Artists to create paintings in Indian not only in subject matter but also in
style.
For them Indian style (Mughal, Rajput style) more Important sources of Inspiration rather than the
company style painting of academic style taught in the colonial Art School.
Art Schools founded by BritishThe Government Art School Kolkata.
The Government Art School Lahore.
The Government Art School Bombay.
The Government Art School Madras.
Abni Babu and Gaganendranath Tagore, sister Nivedita and E.B. Havell Create the “ Indian society of
Oriental Art”
The Bengal school set the stage for the Development of Modern Indian Painting.
Bengal style spread in Every part of Country from Bengal- Delhi, Punjab, Gujarat, Lucknow, Jaipur and
Hyderabad.
Nandalal Bose, D.P. Roy Choudhry, K. Venkattappa, Ashit Kumar Haldar, M.A.R. Chughtai, Kshitindranath
Majumdar etc. was the famous artist of Bengal School.
The Main features of Bengal School of Miniature Painting:
The Bengal School enriched and preserved the traditional values and saved India from the slavery of
expression.
The Bengal School had a clear impression of Ajanta and Ellora paintings, which could be clearly seen in the
paintings of the school.
The Japanese wash technique which was European and Japanese Technique with Indian Tempera in water
colour became the hallmark of the Bengal School.
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The creation of mystic and mellow style by using gloomy coluring with diffuse light background.
The Bengal School brought a renaissance and diverted a lot of attention towards the heritage of Indian art.
The Bengal School encouraged a deep study of anatomy to add life in the human body.
Influence of the Mughal, Rajasthani and Pahari School of miniature painting.
Subject matter- Religious themes, Historical themes, Patriotic theme, Social life birds, animals and landscape.
Appreciation of the paintings of the Bengal school:
Title
Journey’s End
Shiv and Sati
Radhika
Meghdoot
Artist
Abanindranath Tagore
Nandlal Bose
M.A.R.Chughtai
Ram Gopal Vijayvargiya
Title of the painting: Journey’s End
Painter: Abanindranath Tagore
Period: Modern
Medium: Water colour on Paper
Technique: Tempera and wash
Collection: National gallery of modern art, new
Delhi.
Subject Matter:
Here we can see the loyalty of Animal
towards his Master. Camel clearly shows how his
life is about to end after a long and tiring
journey but Camel has not yet given up hope
and is trying to get up.
Composition:
It is abeautiful painting of a camel.
It depicts the pain of life through his half-open eyes.
It clearly shows how his life is about to end after a long and tiring journey.
Front legs are bent on the knees while his back legs are upright.
Red, yellow and brown wash of colours give the background a special diffused effect of the sunset.
He has not yet given up hope and is trying to get up.
The physical features of the camel rendered properly in fine lines and delicate tones.
Abanindranath Tagore (1871-1951 A.D.):
Abanindranath Tagore was seen as a father of nationalist and modernism of art in India.
He revived certain aspects of Indian.
Abanindranath Tagore was born on August 7, 1871, in a famous Tagore family at Jodasanko' in Calcutta
(now Kolkata).
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He gives rebirth when both the Indian art and traditions were declining due to miss propaganda of the
Britishers.
Abanindranath’s most famous paintings areBharat Mata, Taj Mahal, Death of Shahjahan.
The Evening of Life, The Forest, Coming of Night.
Mountain Traveller, Queen of the Forest.
A series of 45 paintings based on The Arabian Nights etc.
some important about him:
Journey's End was first published in Parbasi Magazine.
Abanindranath Tagore is known as the father of Modern Indian Painting.
E B Havell principal of Government Art College in Kolkata, offered him the post
of vice Principal of Art College in Kolkata.
Title of the painting: Shiv and Sati
Painter: Nandalal Bose
Period: Modern
Medium: Water colour on Paper
Colour: Sepia (A reddish Brown colour/monochrome Photography Type)
Technique: Tempera and wash
Collection: National gallery of modern art, new Delhi.
Subject Matter:
This painting based on Methodological book. Famous episode of
Lord Shiva and Goddess Sati.
Composition:
This is a vertical painting.
This painting based on Methodological book.
This is the most beautiful painting of Nandalal Bose.
We can see shades of brown colour.
Lord Shiva sitting with a sad face and looking helpless.
His hands are stretched and holding his wife who is looking unconscious.
Behind Shiva’s had a light Halo in form of the sun.
Sati has been shown laying on his lap.
Whole composition is smooth, rhythmic and sharp.
Artist-Nandalal Bose (1883-1966 A.D.):
Bose was born at Munger (Kharagpur) on December 3, 1883.
Student of Art College, Kolkata.
He assist English mural painter Lady Herringham.
To prepare the facsimiles of murals of the Ajanta and the Bagh Caves.
his famous paintings are- Sati, Shiv Drinking Poison, Parthsarthi, Returning of Buddha,
Swarna Kalash, Shivlok, Sujata, Uma, Veenavadini Ardhnarishwar, Vriksharopan, Tiller
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of the Soil, Mother and Child, etc.
His linocut made on Dandi March is very famous.
In 1920, he was appointed as the Principal of Kala Bhavan.
In 1961, the Government of India honored him with the embellishment of Padma Bhushan'.
He works in Indian Folk Art.
He Influenced by Ajanta and Bagh caves’s Mural Paintings.
Gandhi ji invited him to paint Hari Pura Panels for Congress session at Haripura in 1937.
Title of the painting- Radhika
Painter- M.A.R.Chughtai
Period- Modern
Medium: Water colour on Paper
Technique- Tempera and wash
Collection: National gallery of modern art, new Delhi.
Subject Matter:
Radhika is depicted with very delicate lines in flexible shape with
great grace.
Composition:
Radhika is one of Chughtai’s best works.
The subject is based on Hindu mythology.
Soft and delicate lines have used.
She is holding a lotus flower in both hands.
Honey bee is shown sitting on the flower.
She is wearing a yellow odhani, red blouse and purple lengha.
In the background, a lampshade is shown with burning flame and smoke in a Mughal miniature manner.
The light and shade of the background represent the finest heights of simplification.
It is as if a poem finds visual form.
Artist- M.A.R. Chughtai (1897-1975 A.D.):
Mohammad Abdur Rehman Chughtai was born in Lahore in 1897 A.D.
He was a descendant of Ustad Ahmed Lahori, the chief architect of Shahjahan.
He was also the designer of the Jama Masjid and Red Fort in Delhi and Taj Mahal in
Agra.
M.A.R. Chughtai influenced by Abanindranath Tagore, Gaganendranath Tagore and
Nandalal Bose.
He also painted history of the Indo-Islamic, Rajput and Mughal world.
The character is drawn gracefully, with a lyrical quality of calligraphy in EVery line.
Other works, which carry these poetic qualities:
Gloomy Radhika, Omar Khayyam, Dream, Hiraman Tota, Lady under a Tree, Musician Lady, Man behind a
Tomb, Lady beside a Grave and Lady lighting a Lamp.
Based on the poetry of Mirza Ghalib, Iqbal and Umar Khaiyyam.
He used to exhibit his paintings in London, Paris, Berlin and Philadelphia .
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Title of the painting- Meghdoot
Painter- Ram Gopal Vijayvargiya
Period- Modern
Medium: Water colour on Paper
Technique- Tempera and wash
Collection: National gallery of modern art, New Delhi.
Subject Matter:
Meghdoot based on the famous Sanskrit classic,
Abhijnana Shakuntalam written by Kalidas. The Yaksha is shown
sitting in a knee down posture in profile with a soft smiling face.
Composition:
Meghdoot is a series, which consists of 50-70 paintings.
Series based on the famous Sanskrit classic, Abhijnana
Shakuntalam written by Kalidas.
In this painting, the cloud messenger Meghdoot is shown
taking Yaksh's message to his consort during the rainy
season.
This painting has a clear effect of Ajanta style with Bengali impact.
The Yaksha is shown sitting in a knee down posture in profile with a soft smiling face.
He has some wild flowers in his long and thin left hand.
He is shown indulged in writing a love letter in the midst of a vibrant forest site, in the lap of nature.
The clouds, full of rain, are shown floating very close to Yaksha, as if they were eager and excited.
The clouds are looks natural and attractive.
Artists- Ram Gopal Vijayvargiya (1905 – 2003):
Ramgopal Vijayvergiya was an artist from Maharaja School of Arts in Jaipur,
Rajasthan.
Asit Kumar Haldar was the Principal of Maharaja School of Arts in Jaipur.
The artist Shailendra Nath De whom he considered his guru.
He was also a poet and a writer.
He worked as Principal of Rajasthan Kala Mandir and Rajasthan School of Art
from
1945-1966.
He was influenced by Ajanta and Rajasthani miniatures.
His work is a great source of inspiration to the generations to come for the extraordinary contributions to
the world of art.
He was awarded the Padma Shri in 1984, by the Government of India.
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Questions
Multiple choice Questions:
1) In which Technique the Bengal School of paintings are made?
(i) Oil colours
(ii) Tempera and wash
(iii) Water colour
(iv) Acrylic colours
2) Mention the title of painting done by Painter Abanindranath Tagore of the Bengal School?
(i) Journey’s End
(ii) Radhika
(iii) Meghdoot
(iv) Shiv and Sati.
3) Name any painting from Bengal School?
(i) Radha
(ii) Krishna with Gopis
(iii) Chand Bibi Playing Polo
(iv) Shiv and Sati
4) To which Period the ‘Meghdoot’ painting is belonged?
(i) Modern Period
(ii) Jahangir Period
(iii) Akbar Period
(iv) Shahjahan Period
5) Who is the Artist of the painting Shiv and Sati?
(i) Ramgopal Vijayvargiya
(ii) Nandalal Bose
(iii) Abanindranath Tagore
(iv) M.A.R. Chughtai.
6) Who became the leader of the Bengal School of Painting:
(i)Ravindranath Tagore
(ii) E.B. Havell
(iii) Gaganendranath Tagore
(iv)Abanindranath Tagore
7) Who is known as the father of Modern Indian Painting?
(i)Gaganendranath Tagore
(ii) E.B. Havell
(iii) Abanindranath Tagore
(iv) Ravindranath Tagore
8) Who was the Principal of Government Art College in Kolkata?
(i) Abanindranath Tagore
(ii) E.B. Havell
(iii) Gaganendranath Tagore
(iv) Ravindranath Tagore
9) Who was the Vice Principal of Government Art College in Kolkata?
(i) Abanindranath Tagore
(ii) Nandalal Bose
(iii) Satish Gujral
(iv) Ravindranath Tagore
10) The Bengal School had a clear impression of _____________________paintings, which could
be clearly seen in the paintings of the school.
(i)Ajanta and Alora
(ii) Bagh
(iii)Mughal
(iv) Pahari
Answers:1)- (ii) 2)- (i) 3)- (iv) 4)- (i) 5)- (ii) 6)- (iv) 7)- (iii) 8)- (ii) 9)- (i) 10)- (i)
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Short Answer (Answer to be written in 100 words).
1. Identify any relevant painting of the Bengal School included in your course of study comprising of the
following features and explain them in that painting accordingly.
a) In the background, a lampshade is shown with burning flame and smoke in a Mughal miniature manner.
b) Name two Bengal school of Painting from your course of study which shows
the creation of mystic and mellow style by using gloomy coloring with diffused light background and absence of
any dark line or tone, which provide the experience of the astral world.
2. Which one of the Bangal School Painters you like the most? Write about the style
Characteristics materials etc. of his/her work.
3. Describe the main Feature of the Bangal School of Painting.
3. Who were the main artists behind the Bengal School; write their paintings name from your course of study?
4. He was the Student of Art College, Kolkata and he assist English mural painter Lady Herringham. Write his
name and his painting name from course of your study and explain in short.
5. Mention the role of Prof. E.B. Havell in the Development of the Indian Modern Art.
Long Answer ( Answer to be written in 200 words):
1. Write short note on the following:
i) Meghdoot
ii) Shiv and Sati
iii) Radhika
2. This painting based on the famous Sanskrit classic book, Abhijnana Shakuntalam written by Kalidas.
(i) Identify and name the artist.
(ii) Name the painting and what is depicted in it?
(iii) Appreciate in short, a few aesthetic qualities that you admire in this artwork.
3. Write an essay on The Bengal School Painting.
or
Write an essay on The Origin and Development of The Bengal School of Painting.
(i) Origin and development
(ii) Artistic features.
(iii) The use of Indian themes to promote Indian revivalism in art.
(iv) Name your favorite artist and describe his artwork.
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6.
The first consolidated Indian effort for freedom, in 1857 A.D.
It was the protest again policy of the British government.
British propaganda- spread hate about Indian ancient knowledge relating to Indian traditions, art and
culture.
Spread about the British civilization, knowledge and lifestyle were being told excellent.
Numerous English literate Indian youngsters seemed to agree with that vicious propaganda.
But a great number of Indians, standing against trick being applied by the British rulers but also they were
proud of ancient Indian civilization, knowledge, culture and arts.
Some of those persons, who started establishing such organizations that could jolt the British vicious
propaganda.
The initiation of this type began from Calcutta (now Kolkata).
They had started establishing cultural, social and political organizations.
Through the paintings of Bharat Mata and 'Opri Hawa Ke Sidh Log, Abanindranath Tagore established the
pattern of patriotism.
Paintings were praised everywhere.
Bharat Mata, one other painting which is teemed with reality was made by Amrita Shergil.
Amrita painted painting in
Oil colour medium.
1. Abnindranath Tagore
2.Amrita Shergil.
After Jallianwala Bagh massacre, Gaganendranath's cartoon Punjab Men Shanti Ghosit (Declaration of
Peace in Punjab)' strengthened the Indians' hatred towards the English.
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Nandalal Bose's paintings like 'Sati', "The Death of Sati'' and "The God of Fire' (Agni Devata) did the work
of restoring to life the Indian traditional painting.
In 1938 A.D., Nandalal Bose delineated Indian folk art and Indian public life on the panel of a pavilion
made for the Haripura Conference of Indian National Congress.
Abanindranath Tagore, Nandalal Bose, Jamini Roy, Amrita Shergil, D.P. Roy Choudhry, Ashit Kumar Haldar,
Kshitindranath Majumdar etc. were spread Nationalism in country.
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Questions
Multiple choice Questions:
1) Who have made Bharat Mata painting in which an old woman taking a small baby in her lap another girl
sitting?
(i) Abanindranath Tagore
(ii) Amrita Shergil
(iii) Jamini Roy
(iv) Asit Kumar Haldar
2) Gandhi ji Invited ____________________ to paint Haripura panel for congress session?
(i) Abanindranath Tagore
(ii) E.B. Havell
(iii) Ramgopal vijayvargiya
(iv) Nandlal Bose.
3) Name of the painter who have made cartoon named cartoon Punjab Men Shanti Ghosit?
(i) Ravindranath Tagore (ii) Gagnendranath Tagore
(iii) Abanindranath Tagore
(iv) D P Roy Choudhary
4) Which is the most famous painting of Hari Pura Panel?
(i) Bharat Mata
(ii) Sati
(iii)Tiller of the soil
(iv) The God of Fire
5) What was the British Propaganda?
(i) India has rich art tradition
(ii) spread hate about Indian art and culture
(iii) Spread love in county
(iv) Force to learn Indian art style.
Answers: 1)- i, 2)- iv, 3)- ii, 4)- iii, 5)- ii
Short Answers type questions:
1. What was the reason that Bankim Chandra Chatterjee got recognition?
Ans. Chatterjees’s famous novel Anand Math and their tarana Vande Mataram proved to be a milestone in
Indian National Freedom Movement.
2. How contribute Nandlal Bose in Indian freedom Movement?
3. Firstly who established the pattern of patriotism by paintings.
Long Answers type questions:
2. Write an essay on Contribution of Bengal School in promoting nationalism.
OR
Write an essay on Contribution of Indian artists in the struggle for National Freedom Movement.
For class 12 CBSE
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7.
(Three phases of Evolution of the Flag- The first 1906, Middle 1921, 1931 and Final 1947)
1. Indian Flag 1906:
The first Indian Flag came into being- 1906.
Designed by - Sachindra Prasad Bose and Sukumar Mitra.
It was unfurled on 7 August, 1906, at Parsi Bagan Square,
Kolkata.
It was tricolour but its colours were different.
It had orange, yellow and green.
Known as- 'Calcutta Flag' or 'Lotus Flag'.
It had eight half opened lotuses .
It was a boycott day against the partition of Bengal.
Hoisted by- Sir Surendranath Banerjee to mark the unity of
India.
2. Indian Flag 1921:
Designed by- Pingali Venkayya (Young writer and Freedom Fighter).
Venkayya’s Intention was to bring the whole nation
together.
It was made up of two colours- Red and Green representing
the two major communities- Hindu and Muslims.
Gandhi suggested him White strip to represent the
remaining communities of Indian and charkha as a symbol
of progress of the Nation.
3. Indian Flag 1931:
The final resolution on a flag was passed by congress
committee at Karachi in 1931.
It was the Next form of Pingali Venkayya’s Flag.
It featured three horizontal strips of saffron, white and green,
with a charkha in the Centre.
Saffron for – Courage.
White for – Truth and Peace.
Green for- Faith and prosperity.
Charkha for- Symbolized the economic regeneration of India.
For class 12 CBSE
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4. The final Flag of India:
National Flag was approved by the Indian Constitution
Committee as the Indian National Flag on the 22nd of
July 1947 A.D.
Committee headed by Rajendra Prasad ji.
Constitution Committee decided to adopt the flag of Indian National Congress, with suitable
modifications, as the Flag of India.
charkha in the middle was replaced by chakra (wheel) and hence,
Our National Flag came into being.
The significances in short of the colours are as follows:
Name of the Flag: The Indian National Flag/ Tricolour
Size of the Flag: in the ratio 3:2
Colour combination: Saffron on top, white in middle and Green in lower part. Ashok Chakra in the middle
with navy Blue colour.
Saffron - Courage and sacrifice.
White - Truth and peace.
Green - Faith and chivalry.( आस्था और र्शौयय)
Ashokan-wheel - The dynamism of a peaceful change. (Work for 24 hours)
24 spokes in Ashokan-wheel - 24 Hours each day.
Navy Blue (Dharma Chakra) - Secularism, Trust and Truthfulness.
For class 12 CBSE
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Questions
Multiple choice Questions:
1) When was the Indian National Flag approved in its current form?
(i) 26 january 1951
(ii)22 July 1947
(iii)15 August 1947
(iv) 2 October 2020
2) Name of the Indian National Flag?
(i) Tricolour
(ii) Bhagwa
(iii) Jhanda
(iv) Ashoka Flag
3) Size of the Flag(i) 1:1
(ii) 3:2
(iii) 2:2
(iv) 3:3
4) In Indian National Flag which colour on the Top of the Flag
(i) Green
(ii) Blue
(iii) White
(iv) Saffron
5) Which Chakra in the Middle of the Indian National Flag.
(i) Ashoka Chakra
(ii) Vijay Chakra
(iii) Sarnath Chakra
(iv) Indian Chakra
6) In the first Flag (1906) which colour strip was in the middle.
(i) White
(ii) Yellow
(iii) Green
(iv) red
Answers:-
1)- (ii) 2)- (i) 3)- (ii) 4)- (iv) 5)- (i) 6)- (ii)
Short Questions (Answer to be written for each is about 30 words):
1. Describe about first Indian Flag 1906
2. Write short notes on any of the following:
1. Indian flag 1906
2. Indian flag 1921.
2. Which flag was made by Pingali and handed over to whom .
Long Answer (Answer to be written in 200 words):
1. Describe our “Indian National Flag”.
(i) The significance of its colours with special context to its symbolic
Interpretation.
(ii) The Ashoka chakra and the significance of its 24 spokes used in
Our flag.
2. What is symbolized by each of the following, used in the Indian National Flag
i) Indian Saffron colour
ii) White colour
iii) Indian green colour
iv) Ashoka-wheel
v) 24 spokes in the Ashoka-wheel
For class 12 CBSE
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8.
By mid and late nineteenth century, Art schools were established in major cities like Lahore,
Calcutta (now Kolkata), Bombay (now Mumbai) and Madras (now Chennai).
These Arts School promoted traditional Indian Craft and academic and Naturalist Art.
The Bengal School which had gained popularity earlier now came to be called conservative.
Gaganendranath and poet–painter Rabindranath, thus, knew
about the international trends of Cubism and Expressionism,
They thought that art need not copy the world but create its
own world out of forms, lines and colour patches.
Many artists started experimenting with art in order to define
new trends.
The Indo-European art could not get popularity, so the artists
left painting and started doing other jobs for a livelihood.
Raja Ravi Varma was born and painted Indian mythological
themes in European style.
His technique and means was all European.
His contribution to Indian art is immense.
His paintings are realistic and his oleographs of gods and
goddesses are worshiped in millions of homes, even today.
Opposed with the communist ideology, a group of artists such as Francis Newton Souza, M F
Hussain, K. H. Ara, S. A. Bakre, H. A. Gade and S. H. Raza. etc.
Established an organization named ‘Progressive Artists Group' (PAG).
The artists of that group declined the style of the Bengal art and in place of that welcomed the
International Modern Art'.
Many artists introduced new standards in Art some notable artists among them are Mukul Dey,
Manishi Dey, Ramkumar, Taiyyab Mehta, Akbar Padamji, Prokash Karmokar and Narayan
Ramchandran etc.
1. Write an essay on The Modern trends in Indian Art.
2. Write an essay on any Contemporary Indian Painting and their Painter.
For class 12 CBSE
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9.
Paintings:
Artists:
Rama Vanquishing the Pride of the Ocean
Mother Teresa
Mother and Child
Haldi Grinders
Raja Ravi Verma
M.F.Hussain
Jamini Roy
Amrita Sher Gill
Title of the painting- Rama Vanquishing the Pride of the
Painter- Raja Ravi Verma
Period- Modern
Medium: Oil Colour on Canvas
Circa: 19th Century
Collection: Chitrashala, Mysore, Karnataka
Ocean
Subject Matter:
This painting is based on a scene from the Valmiki Ramayana.
Composition:
This painting is based on a scene from the Valmiki Ramayana.
This is a Puranic (ancient mythological stories) theme painted by
Raja Ravi Varma.
He was one of the first Indian painters to use oil paint and master
the art of lithographic reproduction for mythological subject.
He used in this painting the style of academic realism.
In this scene Rama needs to build a bridge in southern India to the
island of Lanka for his army to cross the ocean.
Varuna (God of Ocean) Not giving way to reach Lanka to Rama.
Rama In angered stands to shoot his fiery arrow into the ocean.
The whole composition is well-balanced.
Dark colours are used. European effect is quite visible in this painting.
Artist- Raja Ravi Varma(1848-1906 A.D.):
Raja Ravi Varma was a self-made artist who is known for introducing oil on
canvas in India.
He copied their work as oleographs and were sold in market and entered
people’s homes as calendar images.
He was born on April 29, 1848, in a small village of Kerala in a royal family.
In age of 14, he was sent to present three miniature paintings to the Maharaja of
Travancore.
Maharaja recognized his talent and let him learn from a palace painter, Rama
Swami Naidu. Later, he learnt European art from Theodor Jenson, a British
painter.
He painted Indian themes of Mahabharata and Ramayana in European style.
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He was disliked by critics for using models to paint deities.
His other well-Known Paintings:
Sri Krishna, Harishchandra, Shukeshi, Ravana and Jatayu, the victory over Inderjit, Indian fruit seller.
Varma also painted Release of Ahalya, Rama Breaking the Sacred Bow of Siva before his Marriage to
Sita, Rama, Sita and Laksmana Crossing the Saryu, Ravana abducting Sita and Opposed by Jatayu, Sita in
Ashoka Grove, The Coronation of Rama, etc
Title of the painting- Mother Teresa
Painter- M.F. Hussain
Period- Modern
Medium: Oil and Acrylic Colour on Canvas
Circa: 1979-80 A.D.
Collection: National Gallery of Modern Art,
New Delhi.
Subject Matter:
This painting from the series Mother
Teresa by Hussain. Hussain has given a tribute to
the lady Mother Teresa, who served the poor and
the homeless throughout her life.
Composition:
The figure of the faceless Mother appears several times, each time holding a baby with a lot of attention
given to the hand.
This speaks of the artist’s familiarity with European art, especially, the famous sculpture of Italian
Renaissance master, Michelangelo’s Pieta or Byzantine Churches.
The central figure of the seated Mother has a grown up man lying on her lap horizontally.
Painting looks like a collage of paper cutouts.
Hussain give us clues to understand the story behind this for making faceless figures.
Artist M.F. Hussain(1915-2011 A.D.):
Maqbool Fida Hussain was born in Madhya Pradesh on September 17, 1915.
Schooling from Indore.
He got admitted to an art college in Bombay, but had to drop out due to
shortage of money.
He then started painting posters for the Indian cinema.
His creation 'Sunehera Sansar' was exhibited in Bombay in 1947after which he
gained a lot of popularity.
He was deeply influenced by the Basholi School and European artists like
Picasso and Juan Gris.
His execution is modern but themes are traditional.
His paintings on Ramayana and Mahabharata, expressing violence and injustice
are world famous.
He was awarded the Padma Shri, Padma Bhushan and Padma Vibhushan by the Government of India.
MF Hussain also known as Pablo Picasso of India.
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Title of the painting- Mother and Child
Painter- Jamini roy
Period- Modern
Medium: Water colour in Paper
Circa: 1939 A.D.
Collection: National Gallery of Modern Art, New Delhi.
Subject Matter:
In this painting, a mother and her child unconditional love has
shown with simplification.
Composition:
In this painting, a mother and her child are rendered with bold
simplifications and thick outlines with sweeping brush strokes.
Figures are coloured in dull yellow and brick-red background.
The two-dimensional nature of the painting is derived from pat
paintings and his search for simplicity and pure form is visible.
Roy borrowed volume, rhythm, decorative clarity and
instrumentality of the pat in his artworks.
To achieve and learn the purity of the pat, he first made many
monochrome brush drawings, and then, gradually, moved to basic
seven colours applied with tempera.
Indian red, yellow ocher, cadmium green, vermilion, charcoal gray,
cobalt blue and white made from organic material.
Artist- Jamini Roy (1887-1942 A.D.):
Jamini Roy was born in April, 1887 in a village the district of Bankura in
WestBengal.
The richness and culture of village life contributed greatly to the cultural
development of his later life.
He travelled to the countryside of Bengal to collect folk paintings (pats) and
learn from folk artisans.
From 1925 he started painting in the style of the ‘Patuas’ of Kalighat.
His paintings won international fame after exhibitions in London in 1946 and
in New York in 1953.
He was a lone traveler and art to him was a mission.
He was called the father of the folk renaissance in India.
For class 12 CBSE
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Title of the painting- Haldi Grinders
Painter- Amrita Sher Gill
Period- Modern
Medium: Oil Colour On Canvas
Circa : 1940 A.D.
Collection: National Gallery of Modern Art, New Delhi.
Subject Matter:
Depicting Indian women busy in a traditional activity of
grinding dry turmeric.
Composition:
Amrita Sher-Gil painted Haldi Grinder in 1940.
This was the time when she was seeking inspiration from
India’s idyllic rural scene.
The focus of this Amrita’s painting is intended for a showcase on the burden life of women in India.
Depicting Indian women busy in a traditional activity of grinding dry turmeric, had to be painted in Indian
style.
Here in this painting three women are portrayed in the centre of the picture plane with yellow, white and
red saris, placed within the background of nature.
The women and trees are painted as flat shapes.
Sher-Gil not given any depth in the landscape and prefers a semi-abstract pattern as a modern artist.
Artist- Amrita Sher Gill (1913-1941 A.D.):
Amrita Sher Gil was born in Budapest, Hungary on January 30, 1913. AD.
Hungarian mother and a scholarly Indian father of a Shikh Royal family.
The family returned to India after the Ist World War in 1921.
She learned painting from ‘Ecole nationale’ the famous art school in
After spending about six year in Europe, she longed to come back to
From 1935 onward after she came back to India till her death at the age
1941.
She produced about 40 paintings in oil which are considered as masterly
creations of Amrita Sher Gil.
For class 12 CBSE
France.
India.
of 28, in
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Questions
Multiple choice Questions:
1) In which medium the Mother and Child painting is made?
(i) Oil colours
(ii) Pastel colours
(iii) Water colours
(iv) Acrylic colours
2) Mention the title of painting done by Painter Amrita Sher-Gill?
(i) Mother and child
(ii) Rama Vanquishing the Pride of the Ocean.
(iii) Haldi Grinders
(iv) Mother Teresa.
3) Name of the painting done by Raja Ravi Verma.
(i) Rama Vanquishing the pride of the Ocean
(ii) Three Girls
(iii) Mother Teresa
(iv) Mother and Child
4) What is the full name of M.F. Hussain
(i) Mohd. Fida Hussain
(ii)Mohd. Faquir Hussain
(iii) Maqbool Fida Hussain
(iv) Mr. Faizu Hussain
5) Who known as Father of Indian Modern Art:
(i) MF Hussain
(ii) Jamini Roy
(iii)Picasso
(iv) Raja Ravi Vermai
6) Mention the title of the painting done by the “Jamini Roy” Painter of the Mughal School :
(i)Mother Teresa
(ii) Mother and Child
(iii)Haldi Grinder
(iv) Bharat Mata.
7) Who was the father of the folk renaissance in India.
(i) MF Hussain
(ii) Jamini Roy
(iii)Picasso
(iv) Raja Ravi Vermai
8) In which painting Indian women busy in a traditional activity of grinding dry turmeric.
(i)Mother Teresa
(ii) Mother and Child
(iii)Haldi Grinder
(iv) Bharat Mata.
9) Who had to drop out their college due to shortage of money. Then he started painting posters for the Indian
cinema(i) MF Hussain
(ii) Jamini Roy
(iii)Amrita Sher-Gill
(iv) Raja Ravi Vermai
10) He was one of the first Indian painters to use oil paint and master the art of lithographic reproduction for
mythological subject.
(i) MF Hussain
(ii) Jamini Roy
(iii)Amrita Sher-Gill
(iv) Raja Ravi Vermai
Answers:1)- (iii) 2)- (iii) 3)- (i) 4)- (iii) 5)- (iv) 6)- (ii) 7)- (ii) 8)- (iii) 9)- (i) 10)- (iv).
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Very Short Questions (Answer to be written for each is about 30 words)
1. Evaluate the compositional arrangement of the following in short.
Or
Write a short note on the following:
i. Rama Vanquishing the Pride of the Ocean
ii. Mother and Child.
iii. Haldi Grinder
2. Describe the Contemporary (modern) Indian Painting Mother Teresa in Short.
3. What has been shown by Jamini Roy in his painting named Mother and Child.
Short Answer (Answer to be written in 100 words).
1. Which one of the Contemporary (modern) Indian Painters you like the most? Write about the style
characteristics materials etc. of his/her work.
2. Identify any relevant painting of the Modern period included in your course of study comprising of the
following features and explain them in that painting accordingly.
i) He was the father of the folk renaissance in India, who travelled to the
Countryside of Bengal to learn from the folk artisans, the expressive power
Of their lines to create an alternative vision of modern Indian identity in art?
2. Depicting Indian women busy in a traditional activity of grinding dry turmeric, had to be painted
in Indian style.
i- Name of the Artist.
ii- Name of the art work.
iii- Description of the artwork.
3. Describe two Contemporary (modern) Indian Paintings.
i- Name of the artists, their art works.
ii- Name of the medium and technique used.
iii- Description of the painting.
Long Answers based Questions(Answer to be written in 200 words):
4. To achieve and learn the purity of the pat, he first made many monochrome brush drawings, and
then, gradually, moved to basic seven colours applied with tempera.
i-Name the artist and his artwork from your course of study. Describe his work.
5. He had to drop out their college due to shortage of money. Then he started painting posters for
the Indian cinema.
i-Identify the artist and name the painting.
ii- According to your understanding who can be the central female figure in this painting?
Appreciate in short, a few aesthetic qualities that you admire in this artwork.
For class 12 CBSE
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10.
Graphic Prints is newly developed art forms based on the lines which are engraved or etched on a
smooth hard surface whether it is made of wood, metal, hard paper or any other materials and get a
required shape or picture through the Graphic Art printmaking process.
Graphic-Prints:
Artists:
Children
Devi
Of Walls
Man, Woman and Tree
Somnath Hore
Jyoti Bhatt
Anupam Sud
K.Laxma Goud
Title of the Graphic Prints- Children
Painter- Somnath Hore
Period- Modern
Medium: Copper Plate
Technique: Etching and Aquatint
Circa : 1955-70 A.D.
Collection: National Gallery of Modern Art, New Delhi.
Composition:
In this etching, images of children were taken from the experience of
the famine of 1943, which was etched in his memory.
This is a close knit composition with five standing figures, having no
background, perspective or surrounding situation as the figures are
talking to themselves.
The figures are linear, each with a skeletal anatomy, ill humour and ribcage with a helpless expression.
Supporting a huge skull, with a small face, the whole body is seen resting on two stick-like legs.
The bone structure just beneath the skin renders the effect of malnutrition on the people.
It creates narrative quality in the picture without taking recourse to placing the figures in a situation of
supporting visual data, following reductionist and simplification method.
These children represent the most vulnerable section of the society.
Artist- Somnath Hore (1921-2006):
Hore was born in Chittagong, in Bangladesh, and was a self-taught artist.
He had mastery over different modes of expressions in drawing, printmaking and
sculpting.
He was greatly affected by the Bengal famine of 1943 and started making line
drawings of famine-stricken people.
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His early sketches and drawings were spot and life drawings of hapless victims of the famine, suffering and
dying peasants, sick and infirm destitute, and portraits of men, women, children and animals.
Somanth Hore’s some other artworks include Peasants’ Meeting, Wounded Animal, The Child, Mother
with Child and the Unclad Beggar Family etc.
Title of the Graphic Prints- Devi
Painter- Jyoti Bhatt
Period- Modern
Medium: Copper Plate
Technique: Etching and Aquatint
Circa : 1955-70 A.D.
Collection: National Gallery of Modern Art, New Delhi
Composition:
In this print, pictorial image of Devi is re-cast and recontextualised (Summarizes) with a linear drawing of the
frontal face of a woman, folk motifs and patterns.
The portrait of Devi is centrally placed as an iconic image.
The two-dimensionality of words and motifs around the portrait expresses the Tantric philosophy.
In this print Awakening of Kundalini has been shown.
This is a human process, forwarded to get supernatural bliss, which is almost described in many Hindu
religious books and knowledge of Tantra.
Evoking (arouse) the power of self-evolution and self-involution.
Seeing reality as the intertwining dynamic (energetic) and static (steady) principle of Shakti.
Artist- Jyoti Bhatt or Jyotindra Manshankar Bhatt born 12 march 1934:
Jyoti Bhatt was born in Bhavnagar, Gujarat, in 1934.
He, having taken a diploma in Fine Art and postgraduate degree from M.S.
University, Baroda, got fame as a successful graphic printer and famous
photographer.
He was very much impressed with Picasso and Ben Nicholson.
His mentor K. G. Subramanyan.
He carved out an art language based on folk traditions and popular practices.
He brings together many visual elements into the composite narrative.
Bhatt also made artworks like Kalpvruksha, Self-Portrait, Forgotten Monuments, Sita’s Parrot, Still Life
with Two Lamps, Scattered Image under the Warm Sky, Tirthankara, etc.
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Title of the Graphic Prints- Of Walls
Painter- Anupam Sud
Period- Modern
Medium: Paper
Technique: Lithograph
Circa: 1982 A.D.
Collection: National Gallery of Modern Art, New Delhi
Composition:
This is an etching made from zinc plate and
printed on paper made by Anupam Sud in 1982.
In this graphic print an interesting form of a
woman by hollowing out the face.
The absence of face gives it a brooding and sad expression.
The painting depicts the figure of a lonely woman seated on the pavement (footpath) before a dilapidated
(damaged) wall.
In the foreground, we only get a glimpse of the lower part of a poor man sleeping on the ground.
Contrasting with the clothed woman, and adds to the sadness of the print.
The print is a powerfully protested by the artist against society erecting such walls on the basis of caste,
religion and status.
Artist- Anupam Sud (born in 1944):
Anupam Sud is one of the finest intaglio Indian printmakers of the modern era,
born in 1944, in Hoshiarpur (Punjab).
She had studied printmaking at the Slade School of Fine Art, University College,
London, in the early 1970s.
When she returned to India, she was drawn to its everyday reality.
Apart from her deep interest in social problems faced by people, belonging to
marginalised communities of the society, she was keen to understand them
artistically.
She also mixed the photo mechanical process with intaglio, which looks like a xerox copy of a photograph.
For class 12 CBSE
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Title of the Graphic Prints- Man, Woman and Tree
Painter- K.Laxma Goud
Period- Modern
Medium: Paper
Technique: Etching and Aquatint
Circa : 1980-90 A.D.
Collection: National Gallery of Modern Art, New Delhi
Composition:
In this etching, man– woman are shown with trees in the
background.
It is based on his childhood memories immersed in nature.
Illustration of a rural idyll is characterized through the
prototypes of peasant man and woman.
The realist ingredient present in the highly and ornately
contoured shape brings in an element of actual appearance of villagers but is steered towards a gentle
stylisation, which imposes on figures a touch of puppets.
This print is line-based and coloured.
Artist- K Laxma Goud(born 1940):
Kalal Laxma Goud was born in Nizampur, Medak district, Hyderabad State in 1940.
Laxma Goud, a fine draftsman and printmaker, studied mural painting and printmaking at M. S. University,
Baroda.
He was influenced by his teacher K. G. Subramanyan’s experiments with
the
narrative mode and figuration of visual traditions, classical, folk and
popular cultures.
He tries to erase sharp demarcations between major and minor arts, thus,
giving
it linguistic breath.
This has helped him straddle various mediums, such as glass painting,
terracotta and bronze.
Some of his other artworks are Woman, Man, Landscape of Turkey, Untitled, Xiyan China, etc.
The Government of India Honoured him with Padma Shri in 2016.
For class 12 CBSE
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Questions
Multiple choice Questions:
1) In which medium the “Devi” graphic print is made?
(i) Brass surface
(ii) Pastel colours
(iii) Paper
(iv) Acrylic colours.
2) Mention the title of Graphic print done by Painter Somnath Hore?
(i) Man, Woman and Tree
(ii) Devi
(iii)Children
(iv)Of Walls.
3) Name of the Graphic Print done by Anupam Sud.
(i) Man, Woman and Tree
(ii) Devi
(iii)Children
(iv)Of Walls.
4) In which Technique “Man, Woman and Tree” graphic print is made?
(i) Intaglio
(ii)Etching and Aquatint
(iii) Etching
(iv) Lithograph
5)In Which graphic print medium “Copper Plate” is used?
(i) Man, Woman and Tree
(ii) Devi
(iii)Children
(iv)Of Walls.
6) What is the full name of K Laxman Gaud(i)Kalal Laxman Gaud
(ii)Kshitindra Laxman Gaud
(iii)Kumar Laxman Gaud
(iv) Kaka Laxman Gaud
7) Identify the graphic print- In the foreground, we only get a glimpse of the lower part of a poor man sleeping
on the ground.
(i) Man, Woman and Tree
(ii) Devi
(iii)Children
(iv)Of Walls.
8) Identify the graphic print- The two-dimensionality of words and motifs around the portrait expresses the
Tantric philosophy.
(i) Man, Woman and Tree
(ii) Devi
(iii)Children
(iv)Of Walls.
9) In which Graphic print The figures are linear, each with a skeletal anatomy, ill humour and ribcage with a
helpless expression.
(i) Man, Woman and Tree
(ii) Devi
(iii)Children
(iv)Of Walls.
10) In which Graphic print, man– woman are shown with trees in the background.
(i) Man, Woman and Tree
(ii) Devi
(iii) Children
(iv) Of Walls.
Answers:1)- (i) 2)- (iii) 3)- (iv) 4)- (ii) 5)- (iii) 6)- (i) 7)- (iv) 8)- (ii) 9)- (iii) 10)- (i)
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Very Short Questions (Answer to be written for each is about 30 words):
1. Evaluate the compositional arrangement of the following in short.
Or
Write short notes of the following:
i. Man, Woman and Tree
Ii. Children
Short Answer (Answer to be written in 100 words):
2.Which one of the Contemporary (modern) Indian Graphic prints you like the most included in your
course of study ? Write about the style characteristics, materials etc.
3. Describe the Contemporary (modern) Indian Graphic print Devi.
4. What has been shown by Anupam Sud in his Graphic print named Of Walls.
2. In this graphic print an interesting form of a woman by hollowing out the face. The absence of face gives it a
brooding and sad expression.
i- Name of the Artist.
ii- Name of the art work.
iii- Description in short the artwork.
3. Identify any relevant Graphic print of the Modern period included in your course of study comprising of the
following features and explain them in that painting accordingly.
i. The figures are linear, each with a skeletal anatomy, ill humour and ribcage with a helpless
expression.
ii. Evoking (arouse) the power of self-evolution and self-involution, Seeing reality as the intertwining dynamic
(energetic) and static (steady) principle of Shakti.
Long Answer ( Answer to be written in 200 words):
1. Write short note on the following:
(i) Man, Woman and Tree
(ii) Devi
(iii)Children
2. Write an essay on any Contemporary Indian Graphic prints and their Painter.
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11.
Sculptures are the three-dimensional art form made of stone, metals, wood, wax, clay or any other materials used
by the artist/sculptor of present time to present their feelings or aesthetics.
Sculptures:
Sculptor:
Triumph of Labour
Santhal Family
Ganesha
Cries Unheard
D.P.Roychowdhury
Ramkinker Vaij
P.V.Janakiram
Amar Nath Sehgal
Title of the Sculpture- Triumph of Labour
Painter- D.P. Roy Chowdhury
Period- Modern
Medium: Bronze and Cement
Collection: National Gallery of Modern Art, New Delhi
Composition:
This is an open air large-scale sculpture in bronze.
It was installed at Marina Beach, Chennai, on the
eve of the Republic Day in 1959.
Its prototype has been set up at the main gate of the
National gallery of Modern Art New Delhi.
It shows four men trying to move a rock, rendering
the importance and contribution of human labour in
nation building.
Unconquerable (unbeatable) men are wrestling with nature, doggedly (hardly), indeterminately and
powerfully.
It is an image of labour against the elements of nature, a well-known romantic subject of the nineteenth
century.
Chowdhury loved to dwell on the strong musculature of his workers, revealing their bones, veins, flesh,
etc.
Human figures are installed in a way that create a curiosity in us as viewers.
It attracts the viewers to see it from all sides.
The image of group labour is placed on a high pedestal (base), thereby, replacing the notion of portraits of
kings or British dignitaries.
Artist- Devi Prasad roy Chowdhury (1899-1975):
Born in 1899 in Rangpur now in Bangladesh, D.P.Roychowdhury is one of the most talented and
multifaceted Artists, India ever produced.
He started learning drawing from Abanindranath Tagore and as his disciple he started painting in
watercolor both in tempera and wash on mythological subjects.
Some of his great work- . ‘Nirvana’ in oil, ‘Bridge’ in pastel, ‘Durga Puja procession’ in oil.
Awarded ‘Padmabhushan’ by Govt. of India.
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Title of the Sculpture- Santhal Family
Painter- Ramkinkar Baij
Period- Modern
Medium: Cement and Concrete
Circa : 1938 A.D.
Collection: Shanti Niketan, West Bengal
Composition:
This is an open air large-scale sculpture created by
Ramkinker Baij in 1937.
It is made out of metal armature and cement mixed
with pebbles, and placed in the compound of Kala
Bhavana, Shantiniketan, India’s first national art
school.
It shows a scene of a Santhal man, carrying his
children in a double basket joined by a pole, and his wife and dog walking alongside.
Perhaps, it speaks of the family migrating from one region to another, carrying all their frugal possessions.
This must be an everyday scene for the artist living amidst the rural landscape.
He gives it a monumental status.
The sculpture is made in the round, which means that we can see it from all sides.
It is placed on a low pedestal, making us feel as if we are part of the same space.
The significance of this work is that it is regarded as the first public modernist sculpture in India.
We do not need to go to a museum to see it as it is placed outside Kala Bhavana.
The artist has avoided traditional medium like marble, wood or stone, and has preferred cement, the
symbol of modernisation.
Artist- Ramkinkar Baij(1910-80):
Ramkinkar Baij was born in a poor family in Bankura District of West Bengal.
The painting named Sita's Exile was made by him when he was only 15 years of age and published in the
magazine named Pravasi.
This painting helped him to get a gold medal in the painting exhibition of Delhi.
For his idols, he used a medium of sand, concrete, cement and soil because they were easily available
everywhere.
He did not accept doing work only in any particular style.
Among his works, the famous are- Santhal Family, Sujata, Reaper, Girl and The Dog, Returning from the
Market.
Title of the Sculpture- Ganesha
Painter- P.V. Janakiram
Period- Modern
Medium: Oxidised copper, tin and wires
Circa: 1970-80 A.D.
Collection: National Gallery of Modern Art, New Delhi.
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Composition:
In this Janakiram has used sheets of copper to create pictorial sculpture
as free-standing forms.
He has made ornamented their surface with linear elements.
These linear elements work as facial features and decorative motifs to
suggest religious icons, inviting intimate contemplation.
The image of Ganesha, crafted frontally, lends an important indigenous
character of cave and temple sculpture.
In this sculpture, Ganesha is palying vina, a musical instrument.
Ganesha reveals his understanding of traditional imagery.
He has elaborated linear details into overall form.
The sculpture is conceived in terms of linear silhouettes instead of
emphasis on three-dimensionality, despite its volume.
Rhythm and growth are incorporated through lyrical stylisation.
It is also an amalgamation of folk and traditional craftsmanship.
Artist- P.V. Janakiram (birth 1930):
P.V Janakiram was born in Madras (Chennai) in 1930 A.D.
He got degrees in Fine Art, Sculpture and Vocational Art from Art College, Madras.
He has used sheets of copper to create pictorial sculpture as free-standing forms, and ornamented their
surface with linear elements.
He also experimented with the ‘open endedness’ quality of indigenous workmanship.
The main speciality of them is the idols are standing facing towards one another and they have been
ornamented with copper and thin wires of copper.
Among his leading idols are –Krishna, Garuda, Ganesha, and Christ; other creations are-Madonna and
Child and Flute Player etc.
Title of the Sculpture- Cries Un-heard
Painter- Amarnath Sehgal
Period- Modern
Medium: Bronze
Circa: 1958 A.D.
Collection: National Gallery of Modern Art, New Delhi
Composition:
'Cries Unheard' is a symbolic representation of a family's anguish and
sorrow.
Although the artist only uses abstraction.
In which three figures are stick-like and shown in flat rhythmical planes.
It is easy to understand them as a family—husband, wife and child.
They are shown flinging their arms above and crying out for help in vain.
Through the medium of sculpture, their helplessness expressed by the
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hand gesture is turned into a permanent shape.
It is possible for us to read this work as socialist, whereby, the artist pays homage to millions of destitute
families in need of help, whose cries fall on deaf ears.
None other than socialist poet, Mulk Raj Anand, wrote movingly about this work, which now is in the
collection of the National Gallery of Modern Art, New Delhi.
Artist Amarnath Sehgal(1922-2007):
Amarnath Sehgal was born at Campbellpur of district Attok now in Pakistan.
Although the artist only uses abstraction, in which three figures are stick-like and shown in flat rhythmical
planes, yet it is easy to understand them as a family—husband, wife and child.
After the Indo-Pak partition, he came to India in 1950 A.D.
He started teaching in Modern School, Delhi.
He is known as a philosopher, poet, sculptor and artist.
His other creations are-Anguished cries (bronze), floating cries (poem) and Abyss of life.
Questions
Multiple choice Questions:
1) In which medium the “Triumph of Labour” Sculpture is made?
(i) Stone
(ii) Bronze
(iii)Cement and Concrete
(iv) Bronze and Cement.
2) Mention the title of Sculpture done by Amarnath Sehgal?
(i) Cries Unheard
(ii)Ganesha
(iii) Santhal Family
(iv) Triumph of Labour.
3) Name of the Sculpture done by P.V. Janakiram.
(i) Cries Unheard
(ii)Ganesha
(iii) Santhal Family
(iv) Triumph of Labour.
4) In which Medium “santhal Family” Sculpture is made?
(i) Stone
(ii) Bronze
(iii)Cement and Concrete
(iv) Bronze and Cement.
5) In Which Sculpture, medium “Oxidised copper, tin and Wire” is used?
(i) Cries Unheard
(ii)Ganesha
(iii) Santhal Family
(iv) Triumph of Labour.
6) Which Modern Sculpture has been set up at the main gate of National Gallery of Modern Art.
(i) Cries Unheard
(ii)Ganesha
(iii) Santhal Family
(iv) Triumph of Labour.
7) In which sculpture figures are shown flinging their arms above and crying out for help in vain.
(i) Cries Unheard
(ii)Ganesha
(iii) Santhal Family
(iv) Triumph of Labour.
8) In which sculpture, linear elements work as facial features and decorative motifs to suggest religious icons,
inviting intimate contemplation.
(i) Cries Unheard
(ii)Ganesha
(iii) Santhal Family
(iv) Triumph of Labour.
9) Which sculpture placed outside Kala Bhavana Kolkata and given in your course of study.
(i) Cries Unheard
(ii)Ganesha
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(iii) Santhal Family
(iv) Triumph of Labour.
10) In which sculpture, four men trying to move a rock, rendering the importance and contribution of human
labour in nation building.
(i) Cries Unheard
(ii)Ganesha
(iii) Santhal Family
(iv) Triumph of Labour.
Answers:1)- (iv) 2)- (i) 3)- (ii) 4)- (iii) 5)- (ii) 6)- (iv) 7)- (i) 8)- (ii) 9)- (iii) 10)- (iv)
Very Short Questions (Answer to be written for each is about 30 words)
1. Evaluate the compositional arrangement of the following in short.
Or
Write short notes of the following:
(i) Cries Unheard
(ii)Ganesha
Short Answer (Answer to be written in 100 words):
3. Identify any relevant Sculpture of the Modern period included in your course of study comprising of the
following features and explain them in that painting accordingly.
i. In which sculpture, linear elements work as facial features and decorative motifs to suggest religious icons,
inviting intimate contemplation.
ii. in which sculpture, four men trying to move a rock, rendering the importance and contribution of human labour
in nation building.
2.Which one of the Contemporary (modern) Indian sculptors you like the most? Write about the style
characteristics materials etc. of his/her work.
3. Describe the Contemporary (modern) Indian Sculpture ganesha in Short.
4. What has been shown by Ramkinkar Baij in his Sculpture named Santhal Family.
Long Answer ( Answer to be written in 200 words):
1.Write short note on the following:
(i) Cries Unheard
(ii) Ganesha
(iii) Santhal Family
2.Write an essay on any Contemporary Indian Sculpture and their Sculptor.
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HISTORY OF INDIAN ART (One Liner) Session 2022-23
Subject PAINTING- CODE-049
SAMPLE QUESTION PAPER
CLASS XII (2022-23)
One Theory Paper – 2 hrs.
Total Marks – 30
General Instructions
Section-A
Attempt all Questions (Each Question will carry 1 mark)
Section-B
Attempt all Questions (Each Question will carry 2 Marks)
Section-C
Attempt any two Questions (Each Question will carry 6 Marks)
S.No.
SECTION-A
Q1.
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
Marks
Select the right answer from the given options:
Where did the miniature style originate in Rajasthan and kept its originality
till the last?
i. Mewar
ii. Kishangarh
iii. Jaipur
iv. Bundi
The miniature paintings with the subject matter of BARAMASA are based oni. Twelve states
ii. Twelve Rulers
iii. Twelve Months
iv. Twelve kinds of food
Pahari paintings was mainly influenced by (mutation of which styles /school)
i. Mughal & Rajasthani
ii. Worldly style --- Deccan & Rajasthani
iii. Inspired by luxury- Rajasthani & Persian
iv. Bengal style – Persian & Mughal
In which script is the text on the top of the Painting ‘Falcon on Bird Rest’ written?
i. Devanagari.
ii. Hindi.
iii. Urdu
iv. Persian
In the compositional arrangement of ‘Marriage procession of Darashikoh’ how are the
elegant women placed?
i. Sitting on Elephants
ii. Sitting on Horses
iii. Sitting on Palki
iv. Sitting on camel
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1
1
1
1
1
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(F)
(G)
(H)
Q2.
HISTORY OF INDIAN ART (One Liner) Session 2022-23
In which style the side locks are an important part of women’s beauty?
i. Mewar style
ii. Kangra style
iii. Kishangarh style
iv. Jaipur Style
The painting ‘Kabir and Raidas’ has which kind of colour scheme?
i. Black and White
ii. Monochrome
iii. Flashy
iv. Mixed
Before miniature painting, the manuscript paintings were done on?
i. Palm leaves
ii. Walls
iii. Canvas
iv. Earthen Utensils
SECTION-B
(Short answer type questions)
Answer for this question is expected in around 100 words
The extreme devotion of the disciple towards his mentor/teacher/Guru is very
sacred and goes beyond the boundaries of greed and monetary gains.
1
1
1
2
-Identify and describe the painting from Deccan school showing this feature in
an artistic and simple composition.
(OR)
The prosperous and culturally refined Deccan School was successful in
representing women as great sportspersons.
Q3.
-Identify and describe the painting based on women empowerment and
importance of sports.
The two famous artists and brothers Manku and Nainsukh contributed
immensely to maneuvering the folk to refine style in Pahari School.
2
Write in your own words how they were successful in depicting the supreme
God Krishna as a friend and common person who takes care of all his friends and
family with reference to any one of the below mentioned paintings.
‘Krishna with Gopies’
(OR)
‘Nand Yashoda and Krishna with Kinsmen going to Vrindavan.’
Q4.
Unity is strength.
Unconquerable men are wrestling with nature rendering the importance of
human labour in Nation Building.
Describe this artifact based on its composition and technique.
(OR)
Throw light on the graphic print included in your course which represents
the pain and agony of a female who is left alone, surrounded with poverty.
Describe this print based on its aesthetic parameters.
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Q5.
Q6.
HISTORY OF INDIAN ART (One Liner) Session 2022-23
Identify and appreciate the emotions which are dominant in the artworks
made by the artist mentioned below with special reference to the application
of colours and technique.
Raja Ravi Verma
(OR)
Abanindranath Tagore.
The undeniable love of mother towards the child and the compassion & care
felt by the child is successfully shown in the following paintings.
2
2
Justify this statement by describing any one painting given below on the basis
of its compositional arrangement.
‘Mother and Child’
(OR)
‘Mother Teresa’
SECTION-C
Q7.
(A)
(B)
(C)
Attempt any two questions from the given options
(Long answer type questions)
Answer for this question is expected in around 200 words
Rajasthani School of Miniature Paintings have successfully showcased the
friendship and respect towards animals by Men and Women
From your course of study identify and explain any one painting having this as
its subject matter and support your answer with reference to:
o Name of the painting and its artist
o Sub -School & Medium & Technique
o Subject Matter
o Compositional Arrangement
We see that the artists of miniature school of Mughal and Provincial period
were skilled in making paintings, which depicted too many figures in one
painting, complemented by the main figure, given due importance and stands
out amidst the crowd around it.
o Identify any one relevant painting from Mughal or Provincial period from
your course of study comprising the above characteristics.
o Justify the above statement by describing the painting in your own
words.
Write an essay on the revivalism of Indian art during mid-20th century.
Your answer should include
o Evolution of Bengal School of Art and its role in promoting the Spirit of Nationalism
o The role of Indian Artist towards freedom movement.
o Symbolic meaning of our National Flag
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