CELLULAR TECHNOLOGIES
PHIL LOMBOY
1st GENERATION
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The 1G period began in the late 1970s and
lasted through the 1980s.
These systems featured the first true mobile
phone systems, known at first as "cellular
mobile radio telephone."
These networks used analog voice signaling,
and were little more sophisticated than the
repeater networks used by amateur radio
operators.
2nd GENERATION
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The 2G phase began in the 1990s and much
of this technology is still in use.
The 2G cell phone features digital voice
encoding.
Examples include CDMA and GSM. Since its
inception, 2G technologies have steadily
improved, with increased bandwidth, packet
routing, and the introduction of multimedia.
3rd GENERATION
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3G refers to the third generation of
developments in wireless technology,
especially mobile communications.
Capabilities and Features
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Enhanced multimedia (voice, data, video, and
remote control).
Usability on all popular modes (cellular telephone,
e-mail, paging, fax, videoconferencing, and Web
browsing).
Broad bandwidth and high speed (upwards of 2
Mbps).
Roaming capability throughout Europe, Japan, and
North America.
3G System Capabilities
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Capability to support circuit and packet data
at high bit rates:
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144 kilobits/second or higher in high mobility
(vehicular) traffic
384 kilobits/second for pedestrian traffic
2 Megabits/second or higher for indoor traffic
3G System Capabilities
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Common billing/user profiles:
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Sharing of usage/rate information between
service providers
Standardized call detail recording
Standardized user profiles
3G System Capabilities
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Support of multimedia services/capabilities:
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Fixed and variable rate bit traffic
Bandwidth on demand
Asymmetric data rates in the forward and reverse
links
Multimedia mail store and forward
Broadband access up to 2 Megabits/second
3G System Capabilities
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Interoperability and roaming
Capability to determine geographic position
of mobiles and report it to both the network
and the mobile terminal
UMTS
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UMTS (Universal Mobile
Telecommunications Service) is a thirdgeneration (3G) broadband, packet-based
transmission of text, digitized voice, video,
and multimedia at data rates up to 2
megabits per second (Mbps).
UMTS
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UMTS is based on the Global System for Mobile (GSM)
communication standard.
UMTS also makes it possible to provide new services like
alternative billing methods or calling plans. For instance, users
can choose to pay-per-bit, pay-per-session, flat rate, or
asymmetric bandwidth options.
The higher bandwidth of UMTS also enables other new
services like video conferencing or IPTV.
UMTS may allow the Virtual Home Environment (VHE) to fully
develop, where a roaming user can have the same services to
either at home, in the office or in the field through a combination
of transparent terrestrial and satellite connections.
UMTS
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The electromagnetic radiation spectrum for
UMTS has been identified as frequency
bands 1885-2025 MHz for future IMT-2000
systems, and 1980-2010 MHz and 21702200 MHz for the satellite portion of UMTS
systems.
CDMA
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CDMA is a form of multiplexing, which allows
numerous signals to occupy a single
transmission channel, optimizing the use of
available bandwidth.
CDMA
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The technology is used in ultra-highfrequency (UHF) cellular telephone systems
in the 800-MHz and 1.9-GHz bands.
CDMA
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The original CDMA standard, also known as
CDMA One and still common in cellular
telephones in the U.S., offers a transmission
speed of only up to 14.4 Kbps in its single
channel form and up to 115 Kbps in an eightchannel form. CDMA2000 and wideband
CDMA deliver data many times faster.
CDMA 2000
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CDMA2000, also known as IMT-CDMA Multi-Carrier
or 1xRTT, is a code-division multiple access (CDMA)
version of the IMT-2000 standard developed by the
International Telecommunication Union (ITU).
The CDMA2000 standard is third-generation (3-G)
mobile wireless technology. The world's first 3G
commercial system was launched by SK Telecom
(South Korea) in October 2000, using CDMA2000
1X.
CDMA 2000
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CDMA2000 can support mobile data
communications at speeds ranging from 144
Kbps to 2 Mbps.
Versions have been developed by Ericsson
and Qualcomm.
As of March 2006, the CDMA Development
Group reports more than 250,300,000
subscribers worldwide.
4th GENERATION
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4G (also known as beyond 3G), an acronym
for Fourth-Generation Communications
System, is a term used to describe the next
step in wireless communications.
4th GENERATION
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A 4G system will be able to provide a
comprehensive IP solution where voice, data
and streamed multimedia can be given to
users on an "Anytime, Anywhere" basis, and
at higher data rates than previous
generations.
4th GENERATION OBJECTIVES
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A spectrally efficient system (in bits/s/Hz
and bits/s/Hz/site)
High network capacity: more simultaneous
users per cell
A nominal data rate of 100 Mbit/s while the
client physically moves at high speeds
relative to the station, and 1 Gbit/s while
client and station are in relatively fixed
positions as defined by the ITU-R
4th GENERATION OBJECTIVES
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A data rate of at least 100 Mbit/s between any two
points in the world
Smooth handoff across heterogeneous networks
Seamless connectivity and global roaming across
multiple networks,
High quality of service for next generation
multimedia support (real time audio, high speed
data, HDTV video content, mobile TV, etc)
4th GENERATION
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The technologies which are being considered
as pre-4G are the following: WiMax, WiBro,
iBurst, 3GPP Long Term Evolution and
3GPP2 Ultra Mobile Broadband.
THANKS
PHIL LOMBOY