CHAPTER I
Introduction
Education is the acquisition of knowledge, skills, and attitudes that makes man do better.
It develops the character of the students. This is not only a preparation for life, but it is the life
itself. Thus, throughout life, man learns many things in and out of school that changes his life
better (Coldes, 2008). That makes education very significant in the lives of the Filipinos and it had
been considered as one of their cherished values. Its importance has been also emphasized in
Article XIV, Sec. 3 Paragraph 2 of the 1987 Philippine Constitution. It states That:
…they shall inculcate Patriotism and Nationalism, foster love of humanity, respect
for human rights, appreciate the role of national heroes in the historical
development of the country, teach the rights and duties of citizenship, strength
ethical and spiritual values, develop moral character and personal discipline,
encourage critical and creature thinking, broaden scientific and technological
knowledge and promote vocational efficiency.
One of the bases of determining students’ strengths and weaknesses is their academic
performances. Academic performance is a quantifiable performance of every student. It is
determined by a test based on scope and sequence of the lesson given by their teachers with a
quarterly examination. Academic Performance is affected sometimes by various factors found in
the surroundings of the learners and one example of those factors is the Social Networking Sites
(SNS).
The rapid technological advancements had brought many changes and tremendous
opportunities to all human lives – causing also to change the way humans communicate with each
other. According to Boyd & Ellison (2007), “Social networking sites are web-based services that
allow individuals to construct a public or semi-public profile within a bounded system, articulate
a list of other users with whom they share a connection, and view and traverse their list of
connections and those made by others within the system”. These sites are used to interact with
friends, peers and others that are found in groups on these sites.
Social Networking Sites (SNS), most notably Facebook have become so popular in today’s
generation that it has become part of the daily routines and the center of talks of many students.
Students are now so fond to spend the large amount of their time checking for updates and
socializing with their schoolmates through Facebook, but most of them do not know the negative
effects of these Social Networking platforms if it was used excessively. Some of them do not
realize that while they are using these kinds of sites, their academic performances are already
affected negatively. And, the main reason is because they are already addicted to it, and this
addiction can also lead to tremendous detrimental developments. Therefore, this study will explore
the impact of Facebook on Academic Performance of Grade 12 Academic Track Students in Naga
College Foundation. If you use internet you are increasingly likely to use Facebook, it is the
platform of the people to get more out of it and new form of communication (Kirkpatrick, 2010).
Background of the Study
Facebook is a social networking service launched in February 2004, owned and operated
by Facebook, Inc. Founded originally by Mark Zuckerberg with his college roommates’ and fellow
Harvard University students Eduardo Saverin, Andrew McCollum, Dustin Moskovitz, and Chris
Hughes. In the beginning, the website’s membership was initially limited by the founders to
Harvard University students but was expanded to other colleges in the Boston Area, the Ivy
League, and Stanford University. At time of Facebook launch, the founders had no idea that this
small social networking site would turn into giant online social networking site (Kashif, 2013). As
of the end of 2018, there are more than 2.32 billion monthly active members using Facebook
worldwide (Chenn, 2019). “We have entered the age of Facebook, if Facebook were a country it
would be the third largest, behind only China and India” (Grossman, 2010).
Facebook gives plenty of benefits to one’s social life such as it allows its users to
continuously stay connected with their friends, family, relatives, and other acquaintances wherever
they are in the world, as long as they have access to the Internet. It also helps to expand the social
lives of its users by finding and meeting new FB Friends. Facebook also has been known to reunite
lost family members and friends because of the widespread reach of its network. On the other
hand, some argue that it can cause increased antisocial tendencies because people are not directly
communicating with each other.
Ever since Facebook became popular among Internet users, it has always been a main point
of various debates and center of researchers’ attention, and same is the case with the effects of it
on their users. Because Facebook is holding the largest percentage of member in online social
network today and most of them are students around the globe, there are numerous studies
conducted by various researchers and scholars that assessed and pinpoint the effects of this site on
their users in general and on students’ academic performances in particular, and the gathered
findings suggested both positive and negative aspects (Hung & Yuen, 2010; McCarthy, 2010;
Mazman & Usluel, 2010; Schroeder & Greenbowe, 2009).
However, the excessive use of SNS such as Facebook among students is gaining a lot of
concerns from parents and educational authorities. The students themselves argue that their
presence on these Social Networking Sites, specifically on Facebook, as a leisure activity, does
not hinder their academic efforts, though some evidences suggests that their grades decline after
they join Facebook.
Statement of the Problem
According to Statista Research Department (2019), Philippines is the second-largest
Facebook market in the Southeast Asian region with the 47 million monthly active members.
Despite of just 3.5 Mbps of average internet connection speed in the Philippines, less than an eight
of market leader’s which is the country of South Korea, with an average speed of 29 Mbps, the
country was ranked again second in terms of Internet Freedom in Asia according to the Freedom
House Index in 2015. Considering Facebook’s huge audience and continues evolution, evidently
it influences and affects its users on either positive or negative way.
The focus of the problem that will be explored in this research study is the beneficial and
detrimental influences of social networking sites such as Facebook on the students’ academic
performance. With the widespread use of these online platforms among many students around the
world, specifically here in the Philippines, parents and teachers are getting concerned to what could
be the effects or contributions of these sites on the academic performance of their children or
students.
The study aims to test and to know the pros and cons of the students’ engagement in
Facebook influencing the academic performance. This study will also seek to answer the following
questions:
1. What is the profile of the respondents in terms of:
a) Gender
b) Age
c) Academic Performance (GWA)
d) Strand
2. What is the average time consumption of students on Facebook?
3. How much time Facebook is being used for academic purposes?
4. What is the relationship between the time spent on Facebook by the NCF Grade 12
Academic Track students on their academic performances?
Objectives of the Study
The overall objective of this study is to assess the impact of Facebook usage on Academic
Performance of NCF Garde 12 Academic Track Students.
The study intended to achieve the following specific objectives:
1. To find out the demographic profile of the respondents in terms of:
a) Gender
b) Age
c) Academic Performance (GWA)
d) Strand
2. To investigate the time consumption of students on Facebook.
3. To ascertain the usefulness of Facebook to students’ academic performance.
4. To identify the correlation coefficient between students’ Facebook usage and students’
academic performance.
Scope and Delimitation
Although it was preferable to conduct this research in all schools in Naga City and on
impacts of social networking sites as a whole, due to financial, and time constraints this research
only focuses on assessing the impact of Facebook usage on students’ academic performance in
Naga College Foundation, specifically on Grade 12 Academic Track students that is currently
enrolled for the First Semester of this school year 2019-2020. The researchers used the Slovin’s
Formula for the total number of respondents involved in this study. Simple Random Sampling was
used to get the appropriate sample for this study. This research is only limited in analyzing the
social networking sites usage, specifically on Facebook and the school performance of the students
in terms of their grades (GWA).
This research was conducted in Naga College Foundation, Inc. which is located at M.T.
Villanueva Avenue, Naga City, Philippines. The study used the quantitative as well as qualitative
methods of research. However, descriptive research design was utilized to gain accurate profile of
situation. The researchers used survey questionnaires in gathering data.
Hypothesis
The study will test the following hypothesis:
HO: There is no significant impact of the use of Facebook to the academic performance of the
Grade 12 students under Academic Track in Naga College Foundation when grouped
according to strand.
HA: There is a great significant impact of Facebook usage to the academic performance of Grade
12 Academic Track students in Naga College Foundation when grouped according to strand.
Assumptions
The present study that will assess the impact of Facebook usage on students’ academic
performance presupposes the following:
1. Students use social media like Facebook to communicate and study.
2. On average, students spend at least five (5) hours per week for Facebook use.
3. The impact of Facebook usage on academic performance could be either way positive or
negative at the same time.
Significance of the Study
Nowadays, teenagers, primarily students, do not know the overusing effect of the
technology particularly their engagement in different social media platforms such as Facebook,
Twitter, Instagram, Tumbler, WhatsApp, etc. According to the new study from the Family
Technology Education Non-profit Group, teenagers spend more than one-third of their days using
social media, nearly nine (9) hours on the average. There are a lot of positive and negative effects
in using social networking sites, these effects can influence their lives in many aspects such as
their health, academic performance, and socialization in the real world.
This research study is relevant for the fact that, in April 2017 Bangladesh Government
planned to block Facebook for six hours every night so not to hamper students’ academic studies
(bdnews24.com, 2017). This action of Bangladesh Government supports the fact that Facebook
usage hinder the academic performance of the students in their country. Therefore, this kind of
research studies would be of great help in enlightening the awareness of people about the negative
effects of overusing social networking sites such as Facebook and also its beneficial contributions
if it was used moderately. This study can also help to determine what correlation exists between
Facebook use and academic performance of students in Naga College Foundation.
The importance of this study will redound for the society to push changes in the usage of
social network platforms. The result of this study will be of benefit to the following:
Teachers. Teachers will benefit from this study from the findings and its recommendations
thereof. They would be able to keep track and assess the students’ profile, behavior and academic
performances especially those who have access to technological or electronic devices such as
android phones, computers, laptops, etc. that can link to social media networks.
Parents. The outcome of this study will also give awareness to the parents that they must
attentively monitor their children’s time in using Internet, particularly in using social networking
sites like Facebook. This study will also be able to inform the parents about their children’s status
when it comes to their academic performances and will be able to coordinate with the teachers to
improve and maximize the capacity of their parental guidance’s to their children.
Students. The result of this study will surely contribute in informing the students,
particularly the students of Naga College Foundation that overusing of social networking platforms
such as Facebook will have a great impact not only on their academic performance but also on
their lives in general. These effects would either be positive or negative depending on their means
of using the social networking platforms. Students will be aware of their time schedules and will
use such online sites responsibly.
Future Website Developer. This study will also try to determine what are the special
motives that drive students to use Facebook, with that, the future website developers will also gain
information and ideas to what kind of website features they must add in the website they are
planning to create or develop for it also to be used by many people and to become successful as
Facebook.
Future researchers. The result of this study will guide the future researchers in evaluating
and testing the validity of their findings in related literature. The result of the study will serve as a
cross-reference for their study in the future.
Conceptual Framework
Profile of the
Students
 Sex
 Age
 Strand
Facebook
Usage
Effects of
Facebook
Academic
Performance
 General
Weighted
Average
(GWA)
Figure 2. Conceptual Paradigm of the Research
The figure above is a conceptual paradigm of the study. It shows how the study will run
through the process. The researchers classified the respondents according to their sex, age, and
strand, for the easy gather of the data and information that will be used for this study. The
researchers seek to determine the Grade 12 Academic Track students’ usage of Facebook and the
possible effects of it to their Academic performance which will be analyzed according to their
General Weighted Averages (GWAs). The demographic profile of the respondents and the
Facebook usage of the students will be the independent variable and the school performance as the
dependent variable.
Operational Definition of Terms
Under this topical component are the OPERATIONAL and CONCEPTUAL definition of
the terms that are found in the title of the study, including other unusual and technical terms.
However, some schools require the inclusion of only those terms that are found in the title of the
study. The other unusual and technical terms are defined on the pertinent page(s) of the manuscript
where first mentioned. Whichever approach is followed; it is cautioned to refrain from using only
the conceptual or dictionary definition the terms presented. OPERATIONAL DEFINITIONS are
“must” as this show how each concept or aspect is to operate or be measured in the study. To show
how an operational definition of a term differs from a conceptual definition of the same term,
examples are shown:
Facebook. A free social networking Web platform that promotes and facilitates interaction
between friends, family and colleagues. Facebook was founded in 2004 by Mark Zuckerberg and
several Harvard University classmates (Techopedia, 2018).
In this study, the researchers used this social media platform as both empowering and
deteriorating social media platform for student’s academics.
Instagram. The name of an online photo sharing social Web service that lets you share
your life with friends through a series of pictures captured with a mobile device. Instagram also
supports video uploads and lets users of the service instantly share photos on several social sites,
including Flickr, Facebook, Tumblr and Twitter or specify a location with any photo to check in
on Foursquare (Beal 2018).
In this study, the researchers used this social media platform as both empowering and
deteriorating social media platform for student’s academics.
Internet. A global computer network providing a variety of information and
communication
facilities,
consisting
of
interconnected
networks
using
standardized
communication protocols (Oxford University Press, 2018).
Social Media. A computer-based technology that facilitates the sharing of ideas and
information and the building of virtual networks and communities. By design, social media is
internet based and offers users easy electronic communication of personal information and other
content, such as videos and photos. Users engage with social media via computer, table or
smartphone via web-based software or web application, often utilizing it for messaging
(Investopedia, 2018).
Social Media Platforms. A web-based technology that enables the development,
deployment and management of social media solutions and services. It provides the ability to
create social media websites and services with complete social media network functionality
(Techopedia, 2018).
Technology. A body of knowledge devoted to creating tools, processing actions and the
extracting of materials. The term “Technology” is wide, and everyone has their way of
understanding its meaning. We use technology to accomplish various tasks in our daily lives, it
can be also described as products and processes used to simplify our daily lives. We use technology
to extend our abilities, making people the most crucial part of any technological system (Ramey,
2013).
In this study, these are those electronic driven technologies that students can use a medium
to have access to social media platforms.
Twitter. A social networking and micro blogging online service that allows users to send
and receive text-based messages or posts of up to 140 characters called “tweets” (Techopedia,
2018).
In this study, the researchers used this social media platform as both empowering and
deteriorating social media platform for student’s academics.
Academic Performance. Positive effects of school and its actors to attaining the goals,
related to the academic achievement and personal development of students.
Bibliography
bdnews24.com (2017). Bangladesh plans to block Facebook for six hours from midnight.
Retrieved on September 19, 2019 from https://m.bdnews24.com/amp/en/detail/
technology/1313722
Beal,
V.
(2018).
Instagram
term.
Retrieved
on
September
19,
2019
from
https://www.webopedia.com
Boyd, D. M. and Elisson, N. B. (2007). Social network sites: Definition, history, and scholarship.
Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 1(13), 11. Retrieved on September 17,
2019 from http://jcmc.indiana.edu/vol13/issue1/boyd.ellison.html
Chenn (2019). 15 Facebook stats every marketer should know for 2019. Retrieved on September
18, 2019 from https://www.google.com/amp/s/sproutsocial.com/insights/facebook-statsfor-marketers/%3famp
Coldes, E. S. (2008). Academic performance of Second Year Students of Naga College
Foundation, Naga City, Camarines Sur: unpublished. Retrieved on September 2019 from
2/F Learning Resource Center, Admin Bldg, Naga College Foundation, Inc., Naga City,
Philippines
Grossman, Lev (2010). Person of the Year 2010 Mark Zukerberg. Retrieved on September 18,
2019
from
http://www.time.com/time/specials/packages/article/0,28804,2036683_
2037183,00.htm
Hung, H., & Yuen, S. C. (2010). Educational use of social networking technology in higher
education. Teaching in Higher Education. Retrieved on September 2019 from
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/233046907_Educational_use_of_social_networ
king_technology_in_higher_education
Investopedia (2018). What is Social Media. Retrieved on September 19, 2019 from
https://www.investopedia.com/terms/s/social-media.asp.
Kashif (2013). Impact of Facebook on students' academic performance analysis through the social
capital. Retrieved on September 15, 2019 from http://epublications.uef.fi/pub/urn_
nbn_fi_uef-20140038/index_en.html
Kirkpatrick, David. 2010. The Facebook effect: The inside story of the company that is connecting
the world. Publishers: Simon & Schuster, New York. Retrieved on September 19, 2019
from http://michaeljfaris.com/blog/2010/12/kirkpatrick-2010-the-facebook-effect/
McCarthy, J. (2010). Blended learning environments: Using social networking sites to enhance the
first year experience. Australasian Journal of Educational Technology. Retrieved on
September
2019
from
https://scholar.google.com.ph/scholar?q=mccarthy+2010+blended+learning+environmen
ts&hl=en&as_sdt=0&as_vis=1&oi=scholart#d=gs_qabs&u=%23p%3Dw75vlnOSUwkJ
Mazman, S. G., & Usluel, Y. K. (2010). Modeling educational usage of Facebook. Computer &
Education, 55(2), 444-453. Doi:10.1016/j.compedu.2010.02.008. Retrieved on September
2019 from scholar.google.com.ph/scholar?q=Mazman+2010+modeling+educational&hl
=en&as_sdt=0&as_vis=1&oi=scholart#d=gs_qabs&u=%23p%3Dqm5Al8ApzWQJ
Oxford University, (2018). Internet term. Retrieved on September 19, 2019 from
https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/internet
Ramey,
K.
(2013).
Technology
term.
Retrieved
on
September
19,
2019
from
https://www.useoftechnology.com/what-is-technology/
Schroeder, J., & Greenbowe, T. J. (2009). The chemistry of Facebook: Using social network-ing
to create an online community for the organic chemistry laboratory. Innovate: Journal of
Online
Education,
5(4),
1-7.
Retrieved
on
September
19,
2019
from
https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://nsuworks.nova.edu/cg
i/viewcontent.cgi%3Farticle%3D1015%26context%3Dinnovate&ved=2ahUKEwj_3e6go
orlAhUZMd4KHX_WCUgQFjAAegQIBxAC&usg=AOvVaw31A5VE40_qIhVctDZnnS
t2
Statista Research Department (2019). Philippines: number of Facebook users 2017-2023.
Retrieved on September 18, 2019 from statistics/490455/number-of-philippines-facebookusers/
Techopedia
(2018).
Facebook.
Retrieved
on
September
https://www.techopedia.com/definition/4941/facebook
19,
2019
from
Techopedia
(2018).
Social
Platform.
Retrieved
on
September
19,
2019
from
https://www.techopedia.com/definition/23759/social-platform
Techopedia
(2018).
Twitter.
Retrieved
on
https://www.techopedia.com/definition/4957/twitter
September
19,
2019
from