International Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering & Technology
(IJECET)
Volume 6, Issue 11, Nov 2015, pp. 17-24, Article ID: IJECET_06_11_003
Available online at
http://www.iaeme.com/IJECETissues.asp?JType=IJECET&VType=6&IType=11
ISSN Print: 0976-6464 and ISSN Online: 0976-6472
© IAEME Publication
CRLH LOADED Y-SHAPED UWB ANTENNA
FOR RADIO-NAVIGATION/LOCATION
Deshdeep Gupta
Department of Electronics and Communication,
SRMSCET, Bareilly, U.P, India
Deergha Agarwal
Department of Electronics and Communication, SRMSCET,
Bareilly, U.P, India
Brijesh Yadav
Department of Electronics and Communication, SRMSCET,
Bareilly, U.P, India
ABSTRACT
In this paper, Artificial Magnetic Material based CRLH-TL is deployed
into the UWB antenna in order to prevent interference problem with other
wireless system in the vicinity. The complementary geometry of proposed
CRLH-TL is etched into the Y-shaped UWB antenna. The negative value of
permittivity and permeability are verified for inclusion using MATLAB. The
antenna performance is measured for Y-shaped patch with one and two
inclusion etched. The results are presented in terms of Return Loss, VSWR,
and Radiation Pattern. These types of antennas can be used in Real time
locating systems(RTLS) such as Aeronautical Radionavigation, Maritime
Radionavigation and Radio Astronomy.
Key words: Artificial Magnetic material; Ultra-Wideband; Co-Planar
waveguide; CRLH-TL, Real Time Locating Systems.
Cite this Article: Deshdeep Gupta, Deergha Agarwal and Brijesh Yadav.
CRLH Loaded Y-Shaped UWB Antenna For Radio-Navigation/Location.
International Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering &
Technology, 6(11), 2015, pp. 17-24.
http://www.iaeme.com/IJECET/issues.asp?JType=IJECET&VType=6&IType=11
I. INTRODUCTION
In Modern telecommunication systems, conventional antennas have reached their
technologically outlined limits. To cope up with the high performance demand in the
present scenario, alternative techniques ought to be explored which leads to further
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Deshdeep Gupta, Deergha Agarwal and Brijesh Yadav
circuit integration and miniaturization. Artificial Magnetic Materials i.e.,
Metamaterials are composite human-made materials that have physical and electrical
properties not found in natural materials [2][3]. Metamaterials are realized by
embedding electrically small metallic inclusions aligned in parallel to a host dielectric
medium. In the presence of a magnetic field, an electric current is induced within the
inclusions leading to the emergence of an enhanced magnetic response inside the
medium at their resonant frequencies.
‘Ultra-wideband’ (UWB) systems have a large absolute bandwidth. These offer
specific advantage with respect to signal robustness, information content and/or
implementation simplicity. According to Federal Communication Commission (FCC),
‘large absolute bandwidth’, systems have bandwidth more than 500 MHz and it has
released the frequency band from 3.1 to 10.6 GHz for high data rate communication
in 2002. UWB systems can suppress narrowband interferences, have high resilience to
fading, and also leads to a great improvement of the accuracy of ranging and geolocation. If a single antenna can operate in ultra-wideband that can cover multi-band
applications, the necessity for multiple-single frequency antennas is not
required[1][4].
The electric fields of dominant mode in CPW transmission lines called even
quasi-TEM mode, in the two adjacent CPW slots are opposite to each other. Hence,
CPW operating in the CPW mode has low frequency dispersion and low radiation loss
that makes it appropriate for Ultra-wideband circuit applications [11]. In this research,
the idea of using metamaterial depends on replacing each section of the conventional
Right Handed (RH) transmission line, by equivalent Composite Right Left Handed
Transmission Line (CRLH-TL) implemented using lumped elements. The values of ε
and µ for CRLH-TL can take either positive or negative values, depending on the
frequency. The LH part in each CRLH TL-based element consists of two seriesconnected capacitors separated by a shunt-connected inductor. On the other hand, the
RH part is realized using a conventional TL [5][6][8][10]. By adding filtering
structure such as CRLH to the antenna, we can avoid interferences from the nearby
narrowband services hence, increasing selectivity of system.
Real time locating system utilizes the characteristics of the Radio waves for
tracking the locating valuable assets. In UWB localization systems, distance to the
target is obtained from time-of-arrival (ToA) of transmitted pulses. UWB use very
short pulses which are possible because of wide range of frequencies. Identification of
direct signals and reflected signals is done by these short pulses which enables a
precise position sensing up to 15 cm by use of the time difference of arrival (TDOA)
or the angle of arrival (AOA) of the signals[16].
This paper is organized as follows; Section 2 described Design procedure of
inclusion and Proposed antenna, Section 3 describes results for the proposed inclusion
and antenna and Section 4 concludes the work for desired applications and results.
2. DESIGN PROCEDURE
2.1. INCLUSION DESIGN
The design of proposed CRLH inclusion is shown in Fig.1 along with its distributed
model. To demonstrate the performance of the proposed structure, a one-period
CRLH resonators backed CPW has been designed as shown in Fig. 2. The inclusion is
fabricated on a RT/Duroid 6010LM substrate with a dielectric constant of 10.2 and a
thickness of 0.635 mm.
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CRLH Loaded Y-Shaped UWB Antenna For Radio-Navigation/Location
Fig: a) Top view
Figure 1 CRLH Unit and its equivalent Distributed Model
Figure 2 CPW TL loaded by proposed CRLH unit
The capacitive and inductive elements values within a SRR are function of its
geometry, both values are considered to be frequency independent. Let the length of
the open-ended line (lo.e.) equal the length of the short-ended line (ls.e.) in the inclusion
and is denoted by (l). Therefore, the resonant frequencies (first and higher-order
resonant frequency) can be expressed as:
fn = (2 n − 1) 8.l .cε eff
(1)
where , n=1,2,3,....., εeff is the effective permittivity of the open- ended and shortended lines, and c is the speed of light in free space. Using (1), it can be shown that
the inclusion's first and second resonant frequencies occur at frequencies having
guided wavelengths equals eight times and 8/3 times l, respectively.
2.2. ANTENNA DESIGN
The proposed antenna is designed on FR4 substrate having permittivity (εr) = 4.4, and
thickness (h) = 1.6 mm. The etched CRLH inclusion dimensions and position plays a
vital role in designing procedure.
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Deshdeep Gupta,
Gupta Deergha Agarwal and Brijesh Yadav
Figure 3 Layout of Y-shaped Patch
Besides its Y-shape
shape patch as shown in Fig.3, the antenna has a CPW ground plane
printed on the back side of a 1.6 mm substrate. The design is simulated using HFSS
14.0 licensed version. Design parameters
para
are shown in TABLE.1
Figure 4 Layout of Antenna With one and two CRLH inclusion
Antenna is first designed with one and then with two CRLH inclusion as shown in
Fig.4. By increasing the number of inclusion from one to two leads to increased
electrical
al length for the proposed antenna.
TABLE 1 Design Parameters
S.no.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Parameter
Length of substrate
Width of substrate
Ltaper1
Ltaper2
Width of CPW strip
L2
Value (mm)
23.5
25
1.05
1.55
1.8
4.2
3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
DISCUSSI
The simulated S-parameter
parameter for the proposed inclusion loaded into CPW TL is shown
in Fig.5. Two transmission zeros are obtained for the inclusion at resonance
frequencies 4.1 GHz and 6.9 GHz. The value for return loss and insertion loss for the
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CRLH Loaded Y-Shaped UWB Antenna For Radio-Navigation/Location
proposed inclusion are shown in Table.2. It is observed that value of return loss (< 1)
and insertion loss is (> 10), it depicts good bandstop characteristics for the designed
one period CPW backed CRLH inclusion.
Figure 5 Simulated Return loss response of CRLH loaded CPW TL
The graph showing the permittivity and permeability simultaneously near the
resonant frequency is plotted in MATLAB shown in Fig.6. This verifies the
characteristic of metamaterials i.e. both permittivity and permeability should be
negative near the resonant frequency.
TABLE 2 Simulated results for CRLH loaded CPW TL
Parameter
Resonance Frequency
Return Loss
Insertion Loss
Ist Resonance
4.1 GHz
0.40 dB
28.93 dB
IInd Resonance
6.9 GHz
0.41 dB
29.42 dB
Figure 6 MATLAB Plot For Permittivity And Permeability
The return loss vs frequency graph is plotted for the proposed antenna design
shown in Fig.7. According to the plot, antenna covers the bandwidth within the
assigned band for UWB applications. The simulated bandwidth of the antenna is 1.47
GHz with reference to S11= -10db.
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Deshdeep Gupta, Deergha Agarwal and Brijesh Yadav
Figure 7 S-parameter for proposed antenna design
The fractional bandwidth (FBW) for Ultra Wideband antenna must be greater than
20%. Here for the proposed design FBW is 28%.
Minimum value for VSWR is taken as unity and it corresponds to perfect match.
The plot for VSWR vs frequency is shown in Fig.8. It has value less than 2 for entire
range of frequency where UWB nature of the antenna is obtained.
Figure 8 VSWR plot for proposed antenna design
Fig.9 and Fig.10 shows the radiation pattern at 5.8 GHz for antenna with one and
two CRLH inclusion respectively. It can be observed from the plot that antenna
exhibits nearly Omni-directional pattern. A system that is designed for continuous
coverage can utilize receivers that don’t view a single direction, but look in all
directions at once. This allows a single location sensor, (radio receiver) to replace 4
cell type location sensors that only have a 90 degree field of view. Here for the
proposed structure area of operation being nearly omni-directional, it deploys the
integration application of the antenna for RTLS applications both at receiver and
transmitter side.
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CRLH Loaded Y-Shaped UWB Antenna For Radio-Navigation/Location
Figure 9 Radiation pattern for one inclusion antenna
Figure 10 Radiation pattern for two inclusion antenna
4. CONCLUSION
Future of radio-navigation and radio-location requires antenna and systems capable of
efficient operation in desired frequency band and accurate results. The proposed
structure with the help of metamaterials provides a promising area for filter etched
antenna to work out for real time location. This work provides the study of Y-shaped
etched antenna where a band filter helps the antenna to operate in desired frequency
band of radio-location and operate there individually without any interference. The
use of such antennas in RTLS provide increased interoperability through use of
standardized hardware and increased coverage for locating assets. Further, more
study can be done to enhance the material and physical properties of antenna for the
same. Metamaterials here provide a platform to improve simple antenna’s working
capacity.
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Deshdeep Gupta, Deergha Agarwal and Brijesh Yadav
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