Sa loob ng Makasaysayang Tabon Cave, Palawan
Tabon Cave
-Nasa bayan ng Quezon, Palawan
-Natagpuan nag mga labi ng tang Tabon-isa sa mga unang nanirahan sa Pilipinas
-Manunggul jar (790-810 BC)
1962 nadiskubre ni American Anthropologist Dr. Robert Fox ang labi ng Tabon man sa kuweba
Tabon man-lived 20000 years ago
Manunggul means standing rockform
Manunggul cave-10 ft above sea level
Our Austronesian Heritage
Out-Of-Taiwan Model
Present day Taiwan is the home of the Austronesian speaking people (Filipino, Malaysians, Indonesians,
Pacific Islanders, People of Madagascar)
-Austronesian travelled from continental Asia to Taiwan around 3000 BCE
--Then reaching the Philippines and as far as Borneo and Moluccas around 1500 BCE.
-Eventually, they saild towards the island of Oceania including Papua New Guinea, Pacific Islands, New
Zealand and Madagascar
-The model suggests that the descendants of Filipinos, Indonesians, Malaysians with the exception of
Negrito ethnic group came from those Austronesian who stayed behind
Seafaring Heritage
-Austronesian started to explore Indo-Pacific using maritime technology they invented
-Austronesisans were the first human to invent ocean-going sailing technologies, reaching as far as Hawaii,
Easter Islands, Madagascar, and New Zealand
Common Cultural Characteristics
-Tattooing
-Stilt houses
-Jade carving
Wetland agriculture
Rockform motifs
-Austronesian linkages also linked to moving houses from one place to another
Tribal Group of the Philippines Part 1
Aeta
-Lived in the scattered mountainous areas of Luzon
-Considered as Negrito
Lumad
-Non-muslim and Unchristianized Austonesian Indigenous group
-”Lumad” means in Cebuano means Native or Indigenous
-Known for tribal music
Moro/Bangsamoro
-13 Islamic ethnolinguistic groups of Miindanao, Sulu, and Palawan
-Form the largest non-Christian community
Sama-Bajau
-Dominant ethnic group of Tawi-Tawi
-grouped together with religously similar moro people
-Sama-Bajaus were sometime known as sea nomads
Igorot
-mountains of Northern Luzon
-numbered around 1.5 million
Itneg/Tinguian
-Tinguian menas the people of the mountains
-Occupying the mountains of Abra
Manyan
-Gneric name for 8 indigenous groups found in Mindoro
-Aorund 280,000
-Known poetry is Ambahan
Maranao
-Used by government to refer to southern tribe
-Epic literature, Darangen
-Original name is believed to be Iranen or Iranao
Ivatans
Predominant in Batanes
-Ijang-established fortresses
Ibaloi
-Southeastern 2/3 of Benguet
-In their epic, they are the people who survived the great flood of Mt, Pulag
Subanon
-Zamboanga area
-Subanon means the people of the river
Waray
-Subgrou of Bisaya people
-largest ethnolinguistic group
Eskaya
-cultural minority in Bohol
Tribal Group of the Philippines Part 2
Tagbanwa
-one of the oldest ethnic groups in the Philippines, central and northern Palawan
-descendants of the Tabon man
Visayan
-largest ethnic group in the geographical division
Tausug/Suluk
-Philiippines, Malaysia, and Indonesia
-political indentity of Mindano
Tau and Sug mening people of the current
Blaan
-Davaio del Sur
Batak
-located in the northeastern of the Palawan
-related to Aeta
Isneg/Isnag
-Apayao
-Sayam is celebraded by affluent Isneg family
-Hildap is celebrated by poor
Ilongot
-Southern Sierra Madre
-Tribe of head hunters
Ibanag/Ybanag
Cagayan, Isabela, Nueva Vizcaya
Ibnag menas people of Ibanag
Suludnon/Tumandok
-Capiz
-1 of the 2 culturally indigenous of Visayan language speakers
Anitismo: The Ancient Religion of the Philippines
Anitismo-Original religion of the Philippines
Anito means soul of the ancient ones
Antonio Pigafetta
-Italian chronicler
-Magellans voyage
Pedro Chirino
Jesuit scholar
-relations in the islands of the Philippines
Isabelo de los Reyes
-Filipino Scholar
-prominent figure in the Philippine indepence from Spain
Cosmogony
-God in the form of bird
-Worship sun and moon
-worshipped bird, owner of the land
-Crocodile known as Nono, our grandfather
-Church of San Nicolas de Tolentino built on top of anito site
-Discoveries in Mt. Kamhantik
-dates 1000 years ago
-stone idols
Religious Hierarchy
Sonat-most powerrful, similar to pope
Babaylan-priestess revered by people for magic
Magnitos- ritual wherein babaylan
Kalualhatian-place of the lights, righteous people go here afterlife
No hell in Anitism in the Philippines
The Demi-Gods and other Supernatural Beings
Aswang, Tikbalang, Bakunawa, Kapre, Dwende
Found in Philippines
-700000 years old precision tools made of rhino stones in Kalinga
-70000 Homo Luzonensis in Callao Cave
Gods and Godesses of Philippine Mytholgy
Bathala
-Supreme God of being
-Great Conserver of the Universe
-Creator of men and Earth
Bathala had three daughters, Mayari (Godess of Moon), Hanan (Goddess of Morning), Tala (Goddess of
stars)
Tala
-uses light orbs (eventually caled as Santelmos by Spaniards)
Apolaki
-God of Sun and Patron of the Warriors