Resting and Close Packed Position of Joints
Joint
Facet (Cervical,
Thoracic, and
Lumbar Spine)
TMJ
GH Joint
AC Joint
SC Joint
Ulnohumeral
(Elbow)
Radiohumeral
Proximal (Superior
Radioulnar)
Distal (Inferior
Radioulnar)
Radiocarpal (Wrist)
Intercarpal
Midcarpal
CMC (Thumb)
CMC (Fingers)
MCP
IP
Sacroiliac (Resting)
Sacroiliac (Loose
Pack)
Hip
Knee (Tibiofemoral)
Distal Tibiofibular
Talocrural (Ankle)
Subtalar
(Talocalcaneal)
OPP
CPP
Midway between flexion Full extension
and extension
Mouth
slightly
open
(freeway
space),
lips
together, teeth not in
contact
40° to 55° abduction, 30°
horizontal
adduction
(scapular plane)
Arm resting by side in
normal
physiological
position
Clenched teeth
Full abduction and lateral
rotation
Arm abducted to 90°
Arm resting by side in Maximum shoulder
normal
physiological elevation and
position
protraction
70° flexion, 10° supination
Extension with supination
Full
extension,
full Elbow flexed 90°, forearm
supination
supinated 5°
70° flexion, 35° supination 5° supination
10° supination
5° supination
Neutral with slight ulnar
deviation
Neutral or slight flexion
Neutral or slight flexion
with ulnar deviation
Midway
between
abduction- adduction and
flexion-extension
Midway between flexion
and extension
Slight flexion
Extension with radial
deviation
Extension
Extension with ulnar
deviation
Full opposition
Slight flexion
Neutral pelvis
Full flexion
Fingers: Full Flexion
Thumb: Full opposition
Full extension
Nutation
Capsular Pattern
AO Joint: Extension,
side
flexion
equally
limited
Cervical: Side flexion
and rotation equally
limited, extension
Thoracic: Side flexion
and rotation equally
limited, extension
Lumbar: Side flexion
and rotation equally
limited, extension
Limitation
of
mouth
opening
Lateral
rotation,
abduction,
medial
rotation
Pain at extreme of range
of movement, especially
horizontal adduction
and full elevation
Pain at extreme of range
of movement, especially
horizontal adduction
and full elevation
Flexion, extension
Flexion,
extension,
supination, pronation
Supination,
pronation
equally limited
Full range of movement,
pain at extremes of
rotation
Flexion and extension
equally limited
None
Equal limitation of flexion
and extension
Abduction, extension
Equal limitation in all
directions
Flexion, extension
Flexion, extension
Pain when joints are
stressed
Counternutation
30° flexion, 30° abduction, Full extension, medial
slight lateral rotation
rotation, abduction
25° flexion
Full extension, lateral
rotation of tibia
Maximum dorsiflexion
flexion, Maximum dorsiflexion
Plantar flexion
10°
plantar
midway
between
maximum
inversion and eversion
Midway between extremes Supination
of range of movement
Flexion,
abduction,
medial rotation (but in
some
cases
medial
rotation is
most limited)
Flexion, extension
Pain when joint stressed
Plantar
flexion,
dorsiflexion
Limitation of range of
movement
(varus,
valgus)
Midtarsal
Midway between extremes Supination
of range of movement
Tarsometatarsal
Midway between extremes Supination
of range of movement
Metatarsophalangeal 10° extension
Interphalangeal
Slight flexion
Full extension
Full extension
Dorsiflexion,
plantar
flexion,
adduction,
medial rotation
None
Big Toe: Extension,
Flexion
2nd – 5th MTT: Variable
Flexion, extension