OUTLINE PROPOSAL
A Comparative Study of California Mastitis Test and
Whiteside Test for Subclinical Mastitis Screening in Water
Buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) in Nueva Ecija, Philippines: An
Evaluation of Diagnostic Performance and Applicability
Daisylyn P. Rico
College of Veterinary Science and Medicine, Central Luzon State University, Science City of Munoz,
Nueva Ecija, Philippines
PANEL MEMBERS
DR. REN LENARD N. VALDEZ
Adviser
DR. ELFREN F. CELESTINO JR
Critic
DR. MA. WYNNE A. PAGADUAN
Co-adviser
DR. DARLENE FE P. CASTRO
CRC
BACKGROUND INFORMATION
• Mastitis is a major concern for the dairy industry (Gianneechini et
al,2012)
• Subclinical mastitis (SCM) is more common than clinical mastitis
(CM), with global prevalence ranging from 30.23% to 60%
(Seegers, Fourichon, & Beaudeau, 2013) .
• Studies in Nueva Ecija show a 42.76% prevalence of SCM in water
buffaloes (Salvador et al, 2012)
BACKGROUND INFORMATION
• Bacteriological examination and somatic cell counting (SCC) are
accurate but impractical for large-scale screening.
• CMT: A cow-side test that offers a practical alternative for SCM
detection (Rust et al., 2023).
• WST: A simple and rapid test (Srinivasan et al., 2013).preferred
for smallholder farmers due to its availability and costeffectiveness, but efficacy in buffaloes needs further research.
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
• Subclinical mastitis is a silent threat to dairy productivity
in water buffaloes. Diagnostic methods such as SCC
and CMT are limited in accessibility and affordability.
• The Whiteside Test (WST) is a preferred diagnostic
method endorsed by the NDA, but its applicability to
buffaloes remains unclear due to the small amount of
existing research.
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
Small hold dairy farmers
Veterinary Medicine
Researchers
Government and agricultural agencies
OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
This study aims to compare the feasibility of the WST and the CMT
for detecting SCM in water buffaloes in Nueva Ecija.
Specific Objectives:
1. compare the diagnostic performance (sensitivity, specificity,
PPV, NPV, accuracy) of WST & CMT in detecting SCM in water
buffaloes;
2. analyze variations in WST and CMT prevalence across age,
lactation, and parity in water buffaloes;
3. make a cost comparison between CMT and WST.
TIME AND PLACE
• January - April 2024
• Philippine Carabao Center National Headquarters and Gene
Pool in Science City of Muñoz, Nueva Ecija, Philippines
SCOPE AND LIMITATION
• Detection of subclinical mastitis (SCM)
• CMT and WST as screening tools
• Water buffaloes from the Philippine Carabao Center and Gene
Pool, Nueva Ecija, Philippines
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The Study
and Its
Reference
Population
• Physical
Examination
• Animal Profile
Parallel
Testing
• PortaSCC
• CMT
• WST
Statistical
Analysis
•
•
•
•
•
•
Prevalence
Sensitivity
Specificity
Accuracy
PPV
NPV
𝑛𝑜. 𝑜𝑓 𝑡𝑟𝑢𝑒 𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑠
𝑆𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑡𝑦 =
𝑥 100
𝑛𝑜. 𝑜𝑓 𝑡𝑟𝑢𝑒 𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑠 + 𝑛𝑜. 𝑜𝑓 𝑓𝑎𝑙𝑠𝑒 𝑛𝑒𝑔𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑠
𝑛𝑜. 𝑜𝑓 𝑡𝑟𝑢𝑒 𝑛𝑒𝑔𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑠
𝑆𝑝𝑒𝑐𝑖𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦 =
𝑥 100
𝑛𝑜. 𝑜𝑓 𝑡𝑟𝑢𝑒 𝑛𝑒𝑔𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑠 + 𝑛𝑜. 𝑜𝑓 𝑓𝑎𝑙𝑠𝑒 𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑠
𝑛𝑜. 𝑜𝑓 𝑡𝑟𝑢𝑒 𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑠
𝑃𝑃𝑉 =
𝑥 100
𝑛𝑜. 𝑜𝑓 𝑡𝑟𝑢𝑒 𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑠 + 𝑛𝑜. 𝑜𝑓 𝑓𝑎𝑙𝑠𝑒 𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑠
𝑛𝑜. 𝑜𝑓 𝑡𝑟𝑢𝑒 𝑛𝑒𝑔𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑠
𝑁𝑃𝑉 =
𝑥 100
𝑛𝑜. 𝑜𝑓 𝑡𝑟𝑢𝑒 𝑛𝑒𝑔𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑠 + 𝑛𝑜. 𝑜𝑓 𝑓𝑎𝑙𝑠𝑒 𝑛𝑒𝑔𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑠
Accuracy = (TP+TN )/(TP+FP+FN+TN) x 100
(TP - true positive; FP - false positive; TN - true negative; FN – false negative)
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Table 3. Diagnostic comparison of CMT and WST for detection of subclinical mastitis (parallel test
evaluation) in lactating water buffaloes
TEST PARAMETERS
DIAGNOSTIC TESTS
CMT
n= 204
Sensitivity %
Specificity%
Positive Predictive Value
Negative Predictive Value
Accuracy
WST
n= 204
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Table 4. Prevalence of SCM detected by CMT and WST in water buffaloes according to different variables
VARIABLES
Samples
Age
<3 years old
≥ 3 years old
≥ 6 years old
Lactation level
Early (< 3 months)
Mid (3-6 months)
Late (>6 months)
Parity
1
2
3
CMT
Positive
Prevalence
Samples
WST
Positive
Prevalence
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Table 5. Cost Comparison Between California Mastitis Test (CMT) and Whiteside Test
COST COMPONENT
Reagent Cost
Reagent Cost per Test
Sample Paddles
Total Cost per Test
CMT
WST
TIMETABLE AND DELIVERABLES
September –
October 2023
Preparation
of
thesis proposal
Presentation of
thesis proposal
Preparation and
submission
of
thesis application
to
thesis
committee
Data collection
Data analysis
Report writing
Submission
of
thesis
Presentation of
thesis
NovemberDecember
2023
DecemberJanuary
2023
JanuaryFebruary
2024
March 2024 April 2024
THANK YOU!