#separator:tab #html:true #tags column:3 Central Nervous System consists of:<ul><li>brain</li><li>spinal cord</li></ul> 2 types of cells in the nervous system:<ul><li>neuroglia</li><li>neurons</li></ul> three principle regions of the neuron:<ul><li>cell body</li><li>dendrites</li><li>axons</li></ul> "<img alt=""Label the parts of a typical neuron (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6) shown in the figure. | Homework.Study.com"" src=""table1112994375842368558720.png"">&nbsp;what is #1 referring to?"cell body what is the function of the cell body?1. contains the nucleus<br>2. creates macromolecules<br>3. consolidates information from the dendrite " <div> <div><img alt=""Label the parts of a typical neuron (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6) shown in the figure. | Homework.Study.com"" src=""table1112994375842368558720.png"">&nbsp;what is #2 referring to?<br></div> </div>"dendrites what is the function of the dendrites?receptive area - transmit messages to cell body "<img alt=""Label the parts of a typical neuron (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6) shown in the figure. | Homework.Study.com"" src=""table1112994375842368558720.png"">&nbsp;what is #3 referring to?"axon what is the function of axons?conduct pulses (action potentials) away from the cell body "<img alt=""Label the parts of a typical neuron (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6) shown in the figure. | Homework.Study.com"" src=""table1112994375842368558720.png"">&nbsp;what is #4 referring to?"oligodendrocyte what are oligodendrocytes?neuroglia that make up the myelin sheaths around axons "<img alt=""Label the parts of a typical neuron (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6) shown in the figure. | Homework.Study.com"" src=""table1112994375842368558720.png"">&nbsp;What is #5 referring to?"myelin sheath what is the function of myelin sheaths?make conduction faster<br> why do myelinated axons make conduction faster?&nbsp;- myelination prevents the movement of Na+/K+ thus preventing action potentials in myelinated regions<br>- resulting in less action potentials (less time for conduction) compared to an unmyelinated axon<br>- also more cable-like and thick "<img alt=""Label the parts of a typical neuron (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6) shown in the figure. | Homework.Study.com"" src=""table1112994375842368558720.png"">&nbsp;What is #6 referring to?"synapse what is the function of the synapse?the functional connection between the neuron and the second cell what is the axon hillock?the origin of the axon (where the cell body becomes the axon) Which direction do afferent neurons carry information<u>INTO</u>&nbsp;the CNS from <u>SENSORY RECEPTORS</u> Which direction do efferent neurons carry information?<u>OUT</u>&nbsp;of CNS to <u>EFFECTOR ORGANS</u> What do somatic motor nerves control? Do we have control of these nerves?- Skeletal muscles<br>- Yes What three things do autonomic motor nerves control? Do we have control over these nerves?- cardiac<br>- smooth muscle<br>- gland secretion<br>- no What are the two types of neuroglia in the PNS?<ul><li>Schwann cells</li><li>Satellite Cells</li></ul> What is the function of Schwann cells?Form the myelin sheath around axons What is the function of satellite cells?Support of neuron cell bodies within ganglia in the PNS What are the four types of neuroglia in the CNS?<ul><li>Oligodendrocytes</li><li>Microglia</li><li>Astrocytes</li><li>Ependymal Cells</li></ul> What is the function of microglia?<ul><li>move around CNS</li><li>Phagocytose foreign and degenerative material</li></ul> What is the function of astrocytes?Regulate the external environment of neurons<br> What is the function of ependymal cells?epilethial cells that line the ventricles of the brain and canal of the spinal cord What are the two types of cells that form the myelin and which nervous system are each of them in?<ul><li>oligodendrocytes (CNS)</li><li>Schwann cells (PNS)</li></ul> What is the neurilemma and which nervous system is it in?the continuous sheath of Schwann cells lining the axons in the PNS "<img alt=""The Neuron – Foundations of Neuroscience"" src=""file-5daa5a5825c34.jpg"">&nbsp;what is E referring to?"node of ranvier what is the function of the nodes of ranvier?<ul><li>unmyelinated region of axon</li><li>exposed to nerve impulses (conduct nerve impulses)</li></ul> Is axon regeneration more common in the PNS or CNS?PNS What are the steps of axon regeneration in the PNS?"<ul><li>severed axon <u>degenerates&nbsp;</u></li><li>Schwann cells <u>phagocytose</u> severed axon</li><li>Schwann cells form&nbsp;<u>regeneration tube</u>&nbsp;</li><li>the growing axon connects to the cell body because it is attracted to the chemicals secreted in the Schwann cells</li><li>The regeneration tube helps guide the new axon to its destination</li></ul><div><div> <div> <div><img alt=""Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings "" src=""paste-d80585a16d57cab24b39bdac923bf5dce670c9b8.png""></div> </div></div></div>" Why is regeneration of axons less common in the CNS?<ul><li>death receptor production after injury of the spinal cord</li><li>prevented by inhibitory proteins in the myelin sheath membranes</li><li>(old myelin is rapidly phagocytosed by Schwann cells, preventing the production of inhibitory proteins in PNS)</li></ul> what is a preganglionic neuron? (autonomic nervous system)<ul><li><b>does not</b> innervate an effector cell</li><li>synapses with another neuron in an autonomic ganglion</li></ul> What is a postganglionic neuron?<ul><li>innervates the effector cell</li></ul> what effect does acetylcholine release fro somatic motor neurons have on an effector organ?stimulation what is the autonomic nervous system?<ul><li>division of the PNS\</li><li>controls involuntary bodily functions</li></ul> What effect does fight-or-flight have on postganglionic neurons in the sympathetic nervous system?mass activation what is the effect of the release of acetylcholine from somatic motor neurons on an effector organ?stimulation What are the two divisions of the autonomic nervous system?<ul><li>somatic nervous system</li><li>parasympathetic nervous system</li></ul> what does the sympathetic nervous system do?"<ul><li>fight-or-flight</li><li>""go""</li><li>speed up</li><li>causes activity</li></ul>" What does the parasympathetic nervous system do&gt;"<ul><li>""rest and digest""</li><li>""stop""</li><li>slow down</li></ul>" How many neurons from CNS to effector in somatic motor?1 How many neurons from CNS to effector in autonomic motor?2 What is dual innervation?organs that are affected by activity from both the SNS and PSNS Which organs do not have dual innervation?<ul><li>adrenal medulla</li><li>arrector pilli&nbsp;</li><li>sweat glands</li><li>most blood vessels</li></ul> how does regulation occur in organs without dual innervation?increases or decreases of sympathetic fibre firing what are the two functions of the nervous system?<ol><li>Control of movement and some functions (motor nerves)</li><li>Detection of external stimuli (sensory nerves)</li></ol>