Department of Architecture – 5th Year City Planning Dr. Assem El Embaby Dr. Ahmed Khaled Dr. Karim Magdy Neighborhood Unit Studies Group 8 1- Ahmed Abdelraheem 14- Ahmed Lotfy 47- Eman Abdelwahab 93- Khadiga Abdelmoniem 106- Rahma Essam 113- Rawan Essam 114- Rawan Fekry Ali 158- Samuel Salah 164- Diaa ElDin Mahmoud 262- Manar Mohamad 326- Youssef Nader TABLE OF CONTENTS 01. 03. Quality of life in urban planning And some guidelines for urban design Three Case Studies 02. 04. Neighborhood Unit 01. Quality of life in urban planning And some guidelines for urban design Quality of life in urban planning And some guidelines for urban design Urban planning plays a crucial role in shaping the quality of life for individuals and communities within cities. It encompasses the design, development, and management of urban environments to create livable, sustainable, and thriving spaces . Accessibility and Connectivity: Urban planning promotes walkable, bikeable, and transit-oriented communities, reducing reliance on cars and encouraging active transportation. Green Spaces and Public Amenities: Incorporating parks, gardens, and green spaces into urban design enhances the livability and well-being of residents. Housing and Neighborhood Design: Urban planning can address housing shortages and promote mixed-income communities, ensuring that diverse populations have access to quality housing options. Economic Vitality and Job Opportunities: Urban planning can foster economic growth by creating conditions that attract businesses and promote innovation. Sustainability and Environmental Stewardship: Sustainable urban planning practices aim to reduce environmental impact and promote resource conservation. Social Equity and Inclusive Design: Urban planning should consider the needs of all residents, ensuring that public spaces, transportation systems, and housing options are accessible and inclusive to people of all ages, abilities, and backgrounds. Cultural Vibrancy and Community Engagement: Urban planning can foster a sense of place and cultural identity by preserving heritage buildings, promoting local arts and culture, and encouraging community engagement in decisionmaking processes. Resilience to Climate Change and Disasters: Urban planning can help cities adapt to the impacts of climate change and natural disasters by incorporating green infrastructure, building resilient infrastructure, and developing disaster preparedness plans. Quality of life in urban planning And some guidelines for urban design Urban design set of principles and recommendations that are used to guide the development of cities and towns guidelines are a. They are typically developed by local governments and planning authorities, and they can cover a wide range of topics Land use: This includes the types of uses that are allowed in different parts of the city, such as residential, commercial, industrial, and open space. Building design: This includes the size, height, and appearance of buildings. , including: Public realm: This includes the design of streets, sidewalks, parks, and other public spaces. Transportation: This includes the design of roads, sidewalks, bike lanes, and public transportation systems. Infrastructure: This includes the design of utilities, such as water, sewer, and electricity. Urban design guidelines are used to ensure that new development is consistent with the overall vision for the city or town. They can also be used to improve the quality of life for residents by creating more livable, walkable, and sustainable communities. 02. Neighborhood Unit Residential clusters A.It is the smallest planning unit where human beings interact with and interact with their human peers. B. It is the environment in which human strands arise, which in turn drives the satisfaction of the psychological and social needs of its inhabitants. The residential neighborhood plays a role in stabilizing communities and urban agglomerations and has met with several theories. Stoned with layout models of residential neighborhood design grown on a purely philosophical basis, subject to descriptive analysis methods that provide the opportunity to predict The important role of cluster design is the stability of communities and communities and the importance of analyzing these models more precise style on a measurable basis. The term cluster is often used by a sociologist and urban planners to express the total life Psychology; The psychological defined the “cluster” as an area belonging to a particular population, representing a space that distinguishes in physical and social characteristics. It is likened to a small-scale residential area with physical and social characteristics that achieves intensive social interaction. It was represented by a block of the city or a set of streets in the area sociology; The cluster is known as the simple urban environment that radiates security and safety over her child while crossing the street and his daily trip to school. During which the housewife can walk to the shopping mall to buy daily needs, and find the man on The appropriate means of transportation to go to and from work, and there is a children's playground close to the residence, Parents have good relations with their neighbours and enjoy relaxation and recreation, creating a healthy urban environment for their souls and minds. Historical Development of Neighborhood Unit In 1816 Robert Oines, the owner of a textile factory in England, planned an industrial city for workers in a factory with a capacity of about 1,200 people on an area of 382 dunums (90 acres), built housing around an open space where public buildings (school-hospital) were placed and surrounded the city by a main road on one side of the factories and on the other side of the farms. Soltaire Saltair, a textile factory owner, built a city in 1852 for about 3,000 workers near Bradford, England. It continues to establish industrial cities in England and Europe. Then new theories emerged from the 1848 intellectual pioneers equipped with the Bakingham, planning the city of Nine for about 5,000 people. Garden City.The idea of a garden city began to emerge in 1898, Howard published the first book about the garden city, nine cities about 30,000 people over an area of (6000 acres) 25,500 dunums of which 1,000 acres (4.250 dunums for buildings and the rest for agriculture) The circular-shaped city has a radius of 3⁄4 miles around 1100 meters, the city cuts 6 main streets intersecting in the center, and the city is divided into 6 units or residential rounds, 9 neighboring 5000 inhabitants with its necessary services, and the city center has the main public buildings that are at the city level and in the factories periphery . It also emerged in the United States after the First World War an unbridled desire for a better world. This idea was discussed by a group of planning pioneers, including Clark Shtein and Henry Rhett Henry Right. Their view was on the need to adopt a garden town planning method when rebuilding their city. In 1924, Shtein & Right built a new suburb near Manhattan called Sunny Side to house 1200 New York families. That is about 327 dunums, the planning was based on the garden city and block and the dwellings were varied between one or two family apartment buildings, Row Houses matrix residences and high condominiums, and public services for neighboring were collected in one place. Henry Wright and Clarke Stein Henry Right & Clark Shtein then studied the idea of the Super Block and introduced its idea with the idea of the garden city and the large block is a rectangular area surrounded by streets from all sides, the length of the block ranges from 182 m - 272 m to a width of about 61 m. In 1928, on the basis of this idea, the Radburn suburb, about 25.7 kilometres from New York on 5.18 km2, was planned to house 25 thousand inhabitants. It was divided into 3 residential clusters , each cluster about 7.500-10.000 thousand. In 1977, the World Conference of Planning, Architecture and Housing Experts in Vancouver developed a synonymous term for residential cluster (pedestrian precinct) for the purpose of half-drop pedestrian space (400-500m) within which day-to-day services can be obtained. Criteria for this level were established in accordance with the Conference's recommendations as follows: Household size ranges from 600-2000 families (3000-8000) people Provision of services in this space to individuals of different ages, incomes and social types It must include various uses suitable for businesses and workers, especially in low-income housing areas. Business areas, markets, light industries and vacuums must plan for different businesses. Urban composition must grow according to the lifestyles and cultural values of these people. Characteristics of the Neighborhood Educational facilities One of the most important amenities in neighborhoods to consider when choosing a residential investment property is educational facilities. Education is an important part of a child's upbringing. Therefore, families with school-age children tend to rent properties close to schools. If you're dealing with one-family rentals, you should consider the quality of the neighborhood's educational facilities. Searching for schools available in the neighborhood will be an important variable that can increase the rental rate and significantly affect the overall appreciation of your residential investment property. Public Transport People often need to move from one place to another on a daily basis. Easy options for moving in and around the region are important for many tenants. From transferring students to employees who want to move from home to work, public transport is an important upgrade for any neighborhood. Moreover, as more people begin to adopt sustainable lifestyles, the demand for nearby public transport is also rising. This is because more people abandon their own cars and take trains and buses in order to save money and reduce environmental pollution. In fact, in 2017, Americans made 10.1 billion trips on public transport! More interesting is that 45% of Americans do not have access to public transport. Shops and restaurants Shops and restaurants are also important amenities in the neighborhood that you should consider when investing in residential properties. Having restaurants, shops and markets near residential properties makes it easier for people to get goods and services quickly and affordably. Therefore, tenants are often interested in living in these types of sites, which in turn increases the demand for rental properties. Regardless of the goods and services you provide, proximity to shops and restaurants can be a sign that the neighborhood's value will grow in the future. The area with well-known brand names such as Starbucks and McDonald's shows that large companies have audited the site and expect success. Gyms With people becoming increasingly aware of health and fitness, the gym is now a standard requirement for modern residential investment properties. In a time-constrained world, tenants will find the gym inside or near the building very useful. Buying an investment residential property close to a modern gym will increase the number of potential tenants. Entitlement facilities Is the residential investment property close to cinemas, clubs, bars, museums, parks, sports stadiums, swimming pools or playgrounds? Leisure facilities make the neighborhood come alive, especially for young people. In general, people often need to take a break from their busy schedules to relax and spend quality time with their family and friends. These leisure facilities serve as attractions cards for tenants and also help build community spirit. Health care facilities Access to a hospital or clinic is essential for any residential investment property. Access to medical care is important for all residents, especially children and pensioners. Tenants need to know that they can get medical care quickly in case of an emergency. Some sick tenants may need regular treatment, therefore, the proximity to health care facilities should be considered when choosing a rented home. 03. C. LOCATION A Rehab, New Cairo, Egypt A. B. Three Case Studies LOCATION B New AlRayyan, Qatar LOCATION C The City Cluster, London A. First case study Rehab City, New Cairo, Egypt Solid & Void 1 1 AL rehab club (void) 2 Mall (solid) 50 Apartment clusters Void & Solid 500 3 Apartment solid solid 4 Villas The buildings in the cluster is surrounded by green areas. The foot print is 50% void void Villa clusters 50 Land Use Land use Residential Commercial Education Public space Religious Craft Infra structure commercial Services The services are located in the center of the neighborhood 500 Hierarchy of Streets and Design Main Axes Main Inner Roads & Ring road Side streets Pedestrian paths Mohamed Nagib Axis Gates Surrounded by 4 main axes into the Fifth Settlement, and an inner ring road that surrounds the commercial and administrative belt As well as a network of pedestrian paths between apartment blocks Sadat Axis 500 Hierarchy of Streets and Design Abu bakr el sedeeq : Main Inner road - The main vehicle road is for riders heading for the commercial zones and the side street is for residents - There is no dedicated bike lane Ibn Al Haitham: Side Street - Two-way side street with a parking lane on each side Pattern Configuration Villas Cluster in Southwest Rehab A grid configuration of villas with narrow roads for resident cars and outer roads 100 Pattern Configuration Apartment Buildings Cluster A – Old Market Residential buildings are distributed around a green courtyard. There are two transport modes; outer roads for motor vehicles and car parks; inner pathways for pedestrians. 50 Pattern Configuration Apartment Buildings Cluster C – North Rehab Buildings are organized around four parks connected to a central park , with pedestrian paths connecting between them 50 Pattern Configuration Apartment Buildings Cluster B – South Rehab Buildings are scattered and less organized, with green areas in the voids 50 Parking Study 1 4 1 5 2 2 3 3 100 5 4 Sky Line The diffuse is the straightness of the sky line . Materials and buildings style Modern style : Using local and manufactured materials at sites such as natural stones in pedestrian paths to reduce transportation and maintenance costs, recycling building materials and construction elements, and using and preserving natural resources . B. Second case study New Al Rayan, Qatar Solid & Void Void & Solid Solid and Void is a fairly even ratio, making it a good breathing room for residents solid solid 500 void void Land Use The availability of services such as commercial stores, banks, maintenance centers, tradesmen, as well as places of worship, schools, nurseries, hospitals and health centers in the residential vicinity, which facilitates living. 500 Hierarchy of Streets and Design The gradual pyramid of streets shows 3 types of streets, which are the main streets, the collective streets, and after that the secondary streets. 500 Parking Study Materials and buildings style The architectural style of this residential neighborhood Very similar in design elements And the residents of this neighborhood For middle class society the Council (almajlis ) A mosque Medical center House Sky Line Skyline images for different street sets Sky Line Section and perspective of the sky line of the street from the neighboorhood C. Third case study The City Cluster, City of London Solid & Void 1 Bishopsgate Plaza, 150 Bishopsgate (solid) 2 Jubilee Gardens Houndsditch (void) Void & Solid solid solid void void Jubilee Gardens Houndsditch Heirarchy of Streets Random Grid Layout The layout in the City of London is usually grid or random and two wide streets intersect diagonally with a grid of elegant streets. 400 Parks & Public Places There are many public areas in the neighborhood, including entertainment, educational, religious, and public services such as 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. The Guild Church of St Katharine Cree St Botolph without Aldgate St Helen's Church BPP University London City Tee Box Leadenhall Swingers Crazy Golf - City 2 4 6 5 3 1 5 1 3 1. Jubilee public services 2. St Mary Axe - Lime Street: Gardens - Houndsditch : 30 St Mary Axe (The Gherkin) 200 30 St Mary Axe (The Gherkin) public services 3. Bevis Marks and Camomile Street: churchyard Without St. Botolph's Bishopsgate 400 Parking There are many parking spaces in the cluster, such as parking for cars, buses, motorcycles, and bicycles 1. Motorcycle parking and 2. Aldgate Bus Station 3. Car Parking Motorcycle parking Aldgate Bus Station 3 1 2 3 2 4 6 3 5 1 500 Shape of buildings There are many different buildings in the area Church - Administrative Towers - Residential BuildingsMixed Uses There are many architectural styles: classic - modern Sky Line Some streets have similar heights Some streets have more than one height Movement Paths There are many narrow roads Bicycle lanes overlapping the motorway 6 2.5 Threadneedle street 5 Leadenhall Market Afforestation & Signage The percentage of afforestation is considered good on the main streets, but it is very low in the side streets The signs are considered few, which affects the movement in the area 500
