A L AR CON CHAPTER 1: LIMITS EXERCISE 1.1 2 2 1. I f f x x 4 x f i n d a f 5 b f y 1 c f x a f 1 5 2 x d f x 1 f x 1 4 5 25 20 f 1 45 b f y 2 1 y 2 1 2 4 y2 1 y4 2 y2 1 4 y2 4 y4 2 y2 3 f y2 1 y2 3 y2 1 c f x x x x x x 2 x x 4 f x x x x x x4 d f x 1 f x 1 4 x x x1 x2 2x 1 4x 4 2 4 x1 2 x1 4 x1 x2 2x 1 4x 4 x2 2x 3 x2 6x 5 x2 2x 3 x2 6x 5 f x 1 f x 1 4 x 8 o r 2 x 4 x2 3 f i n d x a s a f u n c t i o n o f y x 2. I f y y x2 3 x x2 3 xy x2 xy 3 0 Find the value of x by using the quadratic equation. x x x b 2 b 4ac 2a y y a 1 b y c 3 2 4 1 3 2 1 y y 2 12 2 3 If y= tan x find x as a function of y. y tan x x arctan y x arctan y 4. Express the distance D travaled in t hr by a car whose speed is 60 km/hr. Distance = Rate Time D 60 t 5. Express the area A of an equilateral triangle as a function of its side x. 1 A 2 bh a2 b2 c2 1 2 1 2 x h x 2 x h x 2 2 4 h2 x2 h 2 h 2 h 1 4 3 Let b = x, h = 2 2 A A 1 2 3 x 3 4 2 x 2 x x x x 2 x2 1 2 2 2 4x x 4 3x 2 4 3 2 x 1 2 x x 3 1 2 x 6. The stiffness of a beam of rectangular cross section is proportional to the breadth and the cube of the depth. If the breadth is 20 cm, express the stiffness as a function of the depth. Let S = stiffness, b = breadth, d = depth S bd3 S 20 d 3 D d b 7. A right circular cylinder, radius of base x, height y, is incribed in a right circular cone, radius of base r and height h. Express y as function of x (r and h are constant) Using ratio and proportion of two similar triangle BC D and AC E E y h rx r ry h r x y D h h rx r y B A x 2 8. If f x x 1 find f xh f x h xh r f xh f x h 0 h 2 1 x2 1 h 2 x2 2xh h 1 x2 1 h 2 xh h 2 h h 2xh h f xh f x 2x h h 2 9. If f 3 x 4 x 1 find f h3 f 3 3 h3 h f h3 f 3 h0 h 2 4 h3 1 3 3 h 2 3 h 6 h 9 4 h 12 1 27 12 1 h 2 3 h 18 h 27 4 h 12 1 27 12 1 h 2 3 h 14 h h 2 4 3 1 C h 3 h 14 h f h3 f 3 3 h 14 h 4 10 If f x f g x f g x g f x g f x g f x g f x g f x g f x x3 2 and g x x 3 find f g x 4 x2 3 3 4 x2 4 x3 2 3 16 3 x 6x 9 2 16 3 x 18 x 27 2 x2 6x 9 2 16 3 x 18 x 27 x2 6x 9 3 x 2 18 x 11 x2 6x 9 3 x 2 18 x 11 x3 2 EXECRCISE 1.2 Evaluate each of the following. 2 1. lim x 4 x 3 x 2 2 2 4 2 3 483 lim x 2 4 x 3 1 x 2 3x2 x4 2. lim x 3 3 3 2 34 92 7 3x2 x4 lim x 3 11 7 3. lim tan x sin x x 4 tan sin 4 4 2 1 2 lim tan x sin x x 4 sin 2 x sin x 4. lim x 3 sin 2 3 sin sin sin 3 2 3 3 3 2 3 2 lim x 3 sin 2 x sin x 1 2 2 2 and g f x 5. lim 2 x 3 x 8 3 2 8 x 4 8 4 16 2 4 lim 2 x 3 x 4 14 x 8 6. lim 4 x 3 x2 5 4 2 3 2 x 2 83 5 2 5 45 9 lim 4 x 3 45 x 2 3x 7. lim x1 x x 3 3 3 31 3 9 3 4 3x lim x1 3x2 x x 3 8. lim 1 2 x2 2x 4 3 0 2 x 0 2 0 2 0 4 2 4 3x2 lim x2 2x 4 x 0 1 2 EXERCISE 1.3 Evaluate each of the following. x 3 64 1. lim 2 x 4 x 16 x 4 x 2 4 x 16 x4 x4 x 2 4 x 16 \ x4 2 4 4 16 44 16 16 16 4 8 48 8 x 3 64 6 x 2 16 2 x 2x 8 2. lim 3x6 x 2 x4 x2 3 x2 x4 lim x 4 3 24 3 6 3 lim x 2 x2 2x 8 2 3x6 3 x 13 x 12 3. lim x 3 x3 x 3 14 x 15 x2 3x 4 x 3 x2 3x 5 x2 3x 4 x2 3x 5 3 3 2 3 3 4 2 3 3 5 994 995 x 3 13 x 12 lim 14 13 x 3 14 x 15 x3 x2 x 2 x 3 4. lim 3 2 2 x 5 x 5x 6 2 x 2 x x 1 x 2 x 2 2 x2 x 3 x2 x 1 2 2 x x3 2 2 21 2 2 2 23 421 823 x3 x2 x 2 lim 3 2 2 x 5 x 5x 6 2 x 3 9 x 2 5. lim 2x 3 x 0 x3 2 6 2 x3 2 9 x 16 4 x x 0 x 16 4 3 2x 6. lim x x 16 4 x 16 4 x 16 16 x x 16 4 x x 16 4 1 x 16 4 x 1 x3 3 x x6 2x x6 x 0 9 2x lim 7 2 2x x3 3 2 16 4 1 44 x 16 4 lim x x1 x 0 7. lim 1 8 x3 2 x 1 x1 x3 2 x3 2 x3 2 x1 x3 2 x34 x1 x3 2 x1 x3 2 13 2 4 2 22 lim x 1 8. lim x 8 3 x1 x3 2 3 x 2 4 x8 x 2 x8 3 x2 2 3 x 4 3 x 2 3 x 4 2 x8 3 x8 3 3 x2 2 1 3 x 4 2 3 8 4 2 8 1 3 64 2 2 4 1 444 3 x 2 x8 x 8 1 x 9. lim 1 12 1 4 x4 x 4 4x x 4 1 lim 3 x2 2 4x x4 4x 4x x4 x4 4x x4 1 4x 1 4 4 1 x lim 1 4 1 x4 x3 8 x 4 16 10. lim x 2 x 2 4 x 2 x2 2x 4 x2 x2 x2 2x 4 x2 2 2 2 4 22 444 2 4 12 4 x3 8 lim 3 x2 4 x 2 x3 x2 4x x3 x2 x2 4x x2 x3 x2 4x 11. lim x 3 x3 x2 4x x3 2x6 x2 4x 2 x3 x2 4x 2 32 11 2 2 x 3 12. lim x 0 43 2 2 lim 4x x2 4x 4x x3 x2 4x 1 1 3 x9 3 1 x 1 3x 1 3x x 3 1 1 x9 x9 x9 3 x9 3 x9 x9 3 x9 9 x9 x9 3 x x9 3 x 1 3x x9 3 3x x9 1 3 x9 9 x9 1 3 0 27 9 09 1 0 27 27 lim x 0 1 1 x 3 1 x9 13. lim x2 9 x3 x 3 x2 9 x2 9 x3 x3 x2 9 x3 x3 x3 x2 9 x2 9 33 2 3 9 6 0 x2 9 lim The Limit does not exist x3 tan 2 x 14. lim sec 2 x x 3 x 4 sin 2 x cos 2 x 1 cos 2 x sin 2 x cos 2 x cos 2 x sin 2 x sin 2 sin lim x 4 2 tan 2 x sec 2 x 1 4 sin 3 x sin x tan x x 0 sin 3 x 15. lim 1 54 x2 9 x3 x2 9 x9 sin x sin x cos x sin 3 x sin x cos x sin x cos x sin 3 x cos x sin x cos x sin x sin 3 x cos x sin x cos x 1 sin 2 x cos x cos x 1 1 cos 2 x cos x cos x 1 1 cos x 1 cos x cos x cos x 1 1 cos x cos x 1 cos 0 cos 0 1 1 1 lim x 0 sin 3 x sin x tan x 2 16. lim x 0 1 cos 2 x 1 cos x 1 cos x 1 cos x 1 cos x 1 cos x 1 cos 0 11 1 cos 2 x 1 cos x lim x 0 0 sin x sin 2 x 1 cos x sin x 2 sin x cos x 1 cos x 2 sin 2 x cos x 1 cos x 2 cos x 1 cos 2 x 1 cos x 2 cos x 1 cos x 1 cos x 1 cos x 17. lim x 0 2 cos x 1 cos x 2 cos 0 1 cos 0 2 1 11 2 2 sin x sin 2 x 1 cos x lim x 0 4 18. 1 cos 2 x 1 cos x 1 cos x 1 cos x 1 cos x 1 cos x 1 cos 1 1 sin 2 x 1 cos x lim x 2 If f x x find; f x f 4 19. lim x4 x 4 x 4 x4 x 2 x4 x 2 x4 x4 x4 x 2 1 x 2 1 4 2 x 2 x 2 1 22 f x f 4 1 x4 4 f 9x f 9 20. lim x x 0 lim x 4 9x 9 x x9 3 x x9 3 x x9 3 x9 3 x99 x x9 3 x x9 3 1 x9 3 x 1 09 3 1 9 3 1 33 f 9x f 9 x lim x 0 1 6 If f x x 2 x 3 find; f x f 2 21. lim x2 x 2 2 2 x2 2x 3 2 2 2 3 x2 x2 2x 3 4 4 3 x2 x2 2x x2 x x2 x2 x f x f 2 2 x2 f x2 f 2 22. lim x x 0 2 2 x2 2 x2 3 2 2 2 3 x x2 4x 4 2x 4 3 4 4 3 x x2 2x x x x2 x lim x 2 x2 02 f x2 f 2 x lim x 0 2 EXERCISE 1.4 Evaluate each of the following. 3 2 6x 4x 5 1. lim REMINDER: 3 8 x 7x 3 x lim 1 3 2 6x 4x 5 3 8 x 7x 3 3 6x x 8x x 3 3 6 4 8 7 x 4x 3 x 2 3 7x x3 x x3 1 x3 5 x3 3 x3 5 x3 3 x2 x3 600 800 6 8 lim 3 2 6x 4x 5 x 2. lim x 3 8 x 7x 3 2 3 x x2 x3 8x 1 3 4 1 x 0 1 2 3 x x2 2 1 x3 x x3 2 x3 x3 x3 8x 1 3 3 x3 x x 3 1 2 x x2 x3 8 1 x3 8x 1 3x x3 1 x2 x3 000 100 2 3 x x2 lim x 3. lim 0 x3 8x 1 4x5 x2 1 x 1 4x5 1 x2 5 x2 x2 x2 1 x2 x2 4 5 x x2 1 1 x2 1 4x x2 x2 00 10 4x5 lim x 4. lim 0 x2 1 x3 x 2 x2 1 x 1 x3 x 2 x x3 1 x3 1 x x3 1 00 00 x3 x 2 lim x 5. lim x2 1 8x5 x 8x5 x 4x x2 8 2 x 1 x 5 x 3 x2 x 3 4 80 5 2 4x 3 1 2 4x 3 8x 2 x2 x3 1 1 1 2 x3 x2 1 x3 x x3 x3 x2 1 3 x3 x2 40 8 2 lim x 8x5 2 4x 3 4 x3 6. lim x 2 2x1 x3 2 4 x 4x 1 1 x3 x3 2 4 x 4x 1 1 x3 x3 x3 2 4x 1 x3 x3 1 4 4 x 4x x3 1 x2 x3 1 000 x3 lim x 2x1 x3 7. lim 2 3 x2 x x 3 9 x 2 27 x 27 x 3 6 x 2 12 x 8 x2 x 9 x 2 27 x 27 x 3 6 x 2 12 x 8 3 x2 2 15 x 15 x 35 x2 x2 2 15 x x2 x2 x 35 x2 1 x2 x2 2 x2 35 2 x x 1 15 0 0 15 15 1 2 15 x 15 x 35 15 x 3 2 x 1 3 x3 lim x x2 x 2 3 15 9x 4 2 8. lim 6x1 x 1 2 9x 4 6x1 x x 6 4 x 2 1 x 4 9 2 6x x 1 x 9 x2 x 2 1 x 90 60 3 6 2 9x 4 lim 6x1 x 1 2 EXERCISE 1.5 Find the value or values of x for which the function is discontinuous. (The function is discontinuous if the denominator is equal to 0) 3x 1. x5 x5 0 x5 Check 3x x5 3 5 55 15 0 Therefore, the function is discontinuous if x=5. 3x2 2. x 2 8 x 15 x 2 8 x 15 0 x3 0 x5 x 5 x 3 Check 3 5 2 2 5 8 5 15 17 0 3 3 2 2 3 8 3 15 11 0 Therefore, the function is discontinuos if x=5 and x=3. 5x1 3. 2 x 4 None. The function is continuous. 6x 4. 2 x 9 x2 9 0 x3 x3 0 x 3 x 3 Check 6x x2 9 6 3 2 3 9 18 0 Therefore, the function is discontinuous if x 3. 5. 1 x 2 8 x 2 8 0 x 2 8 log 2 8 x Use calculator or just simply assume a number that makes the denominator zero. log 2 8 x x3 Check log 2 2 3 x log a a r r 1 x 2 8 1 6. log 2 2 3 3 3 2 8 1 88 1 0 Therefore, the function is discontinuos if x=3. x3 x 3 x2 2x 3 x3 3 x2 2x 0 x x2 3x 2 0 x x2 x1 0 x 0 x 2 x 1 Check x3 x3 3 x2 2x 03 0 3 f 0 f 2 f 1 3 0 3 0 5 0 4 0 2 2 0 EXERCISE 1.6 Sketch the graph of the following functions: 1. y 5. y 9. y 4 2. y x 6 x 2 3. y x2 1 x2 1 4. y 2x x1 x2 2x 2 x2 6. y 2 7. y 2 8. y 2 x2 x 4 x 1 x 9 x 20 4x x 9 2 10. y x2 1 x CHAPTER 2: DIFFERENTIATION OF ALGEBRAIC FUNCTIONS EXERCISE 2.1 Find the derivative by use of Delta Method. 2 1. y 4 x 5 x 2 y y 4 x x 5 x x 2 y 4 x x 5 x x 4 x2 5x dy y lim dx x0 x 4 x x 2 5 x x 4 x2 5x x 2 2 2 4 x 2x x x 5x 5 x 4 x 5x x 2 2 2 4 x 8x x 4 x 5x 5 x 4 x 5x x 2 8x x4 x 5 x x x 8x4 x5 x lim 8 x 4 x 5 x0 lim 8 x 4 0 5 x0 dy 8x 5 dx 3 2. y x 2 x y y x x y x x 3 3 2 x x 2 x x x3 2x dy y lim dx x0 x 3 x x 2 x x x3 2x x x3 3 x2 x 3x x2 x3 2x 2 x x3 2x x x3 3 x2 x 3x x2 x3 2x 2 x x3 2x x 2 2 3 3 x x 2x x x 2 x x x 3 x2 2x x x2 2 x lim 3 x 2 2 x x x 2 2 x0 lim 3 x 2 2 x 0 0 x0 2 2 dy 3 x2 2 dx 3. y 4 x y y 4 x x y 4 x x 4 dy y lim dx x0 x 4 4 x x 4 x x x x x 4 x 4 x 4 16 x x 16 x x 4 x x 4 x 16 x 16 x 16 x x 4 x x 4 x x 4 lim x0 16 x x x 4 x 16 4 x x 4 x x x 4 x x 4 x x lim x0 16 x0 4 4 x 16 lim x 8 x0 dy dx 2 x 6 4. y x 6 y y x x 6 6 y x x x dy y lim dx x0 x 6 x x 6 x x 6x6 x x x x x x 6 x 6x 6 x x x x x 6 x x x x x 6 lim x x x x0 6 lim x x0 x0 dy 6 2 dx x 3 5. y x y y 3 x x 3 y 3 x x dy y lim dx x0 x 3 x x 3 x x x 3 x x 3 x 3 x 3 x x lim x0 lim x0 lim x0 3 x x 3 2 x x 2 x x 2 3 x x x 3 x2 x x 2 3 x x x 3 x2 3 x x x 1 3 3 x2 x x x 3 1 3 3 2 x0 x2 3 1 3 x x0 x2 3 x2 dy 1 3 dx 3 x2 6. y 2 5 x y y 25 x x y 2 5 x x 2 5x dy y lim dx x0 x 2 5 x x 2 5x x 2 5x 5 x 2 5x x 5 x x dy 5 dx 3 x2 x2 7. y 4x3 y y 4 x x 3 y 4 x x 3 dy y lim dx x0 x 4 x x 3 4x3 4x3 x 4 x 4 x 3 4x 3 4 x x 3 x 4 x x 3 4x3 4 x x 3 4x3 4x3 4 x 4 x x 3 x lim 4 x x 3 x0 4 x0 3 x0 4x3 4 lim x0 8. y 4x3 4 lim dy dx 4x3 4 4x3 2 2 4x3 2x x1 2 x x x x 1 y y y 2 x x 2x x x 1 x1 dy y lim dx x0 x 2 x x 2x x x 1 x 1 x x 1 2x x x 1 x x x 1 x1 2 2 2 x x x x x 2 x 2x x 2x x x x 1 x1 2 2 2 x 2x 2x x 2 x 2 x 2x x 2x x x x 1 x1 2 x x x x 1 x1 2 x x 2 lim x x 1 x0 lim 2 x0 1 lim 2 x0 x1 x0 dy 2 2 dx x1 9. y x1 x1 3 2x1 3 y y y x1 2 x x 1 3 2 x x 1 3 2x1 dy y lim dx x0 x 3 2 x x 1 3 2x1 x 3 2x1 3 x 2x1 2 x x 1 3 2x1 3 2 x x 1 x 2x1 2 x x 1 x 2x1 2 x x 1 3 2x1 3 2 x x 1 3 2x1 3 2 x x 1 9 2x1 9 2 x x 1 2 x x 1 3 2x1 3 2 x x 1 18 x 9 18 x 18 x 9 3 2x1 3 18 x 2 x x 1 2x1 3 2 x x 1 x 2x1 2 x x 1 x 2x1 2 x x 1 3 18 lim x0 lim x0 2x1 2 x0 1 x0 2x1 2 x0 1 6 2x1 3 2x1 2x1 2 5x 4x1 y y 2 5 x x 4 x x 1 2 5 x x 5x 4 x x 1 4x1 2 dy y lim dx x0 x 2 2x1 3 2x1 2x1 6 dy dx 3 2 x x 1 18 lim 2x1 3 3 18 2x1 x0 y 2 x x 1 18 lim 10. y 2x1 5 x x 5x 4 x x 1 4x1 2 x 5 x x 2 2 4x1 5 x 4 x x 1 x 4 x x 1 4x1 2 2 2 5 x 10 x x 5 x 4x1 5 x 4x4 x1 x 4 x x 1 4x1 3 2 2 2 2 3 2 2 20 x 5 x 40 x x 10 x x 20 x x 5 x 20 x 20 x x 5 x x 4 x x 1 4 x 1 2 2 2 20 x x 10 x x 20 x x 5 x x 4 x x 1 4x1 x 20 x 2 10 x 20 x x 5 x x 4 x x 1 4x1 2 20 x 10 x 20 x x 5 x lim 4 x x 1 4x1 x0 2 20 x 10 x 20 x 0 5 0 lim 4 x 0 1 4x1 x0 2 20 x 10 x lim 4 x 1 4x1 x 0 dy 10 x 2 x 1 2 dx 4x1 11 Given s s s t find t t s t t ds s lim dt t0 t ds dt t t t t t t t t t t tt t t t t t t t t t t t t lim t0 lim t0 t 1 t t t 1 t0 t ds 1 dt 2 t 12 Given A r find 2 A A r r A r r dA A lim dr r0 r 2 2 r 2 dA dr t t 2 r r r 2 r r 2 2 r r r 2 r 2 r r 2 2 r r r 2 r 2 r 2 2 r r r r r 2 r r r lim 2 r r r0 lim 2 r 0 r0 dA 2 r dr 4 13. Given V V V V 3 3 dV V lim dr r0 r 4 r r 3 3 4 r r 3 3 dV dr r 3 find 3 4 r r r 12 r r 4 r 3 4 3 r3 3 3 12 r 3 9 r 3 2 2 3 3 12 r 3 r r 3 r r r 12 r 9 r 3 2 2 3 3 12 r 36 r r 36 r r 12 r 12 r 9 r 2 2 3 r 12 r 12 r r 4 r 9 r 2 2 12 r 12 r r 4 r lim r0 lim 3 2 12 r 12 r 0 4 0 3 r0 12 r lim r0 2 3 dV 4 r 2 dr 2 14. Given S 4 r find S S 4 r r S 4 r r dS dr 2 2 4 r 2 dS S lim dr r0 r 2 2 4 r r 4 r r 2 2 2 4 r 2 r r r 4 r r 2 2 2 4 r 8 r r 4 r 4 r r r 8 r 4 r r lim 8 r 4 r r0 lim 8 r 4 0 r0 dS 8 r dr 2t3 dS find 3t4 dt 2 t t 3 S S 3 t t 4 2 t t 3 2t3 15. Given S S 3 t t 4 3t4 dS S lim dt r0 r 2 t t 3 2t3 3 t t 4 3t4 t 3t4 2t3 3 t t 4 t 3 t t 4 3t4 2t2 t3 3t4 2t3 3t3 t4 t 3 t t 4 3t4 2 2 6 t 8 t 6 t t 8 t 9 t 12 6 t 9 t 6 t t 9 t 8 t 12 t 3 t t 4 3t4 17 t t 3 t t 4 3t4 2 t t 3 17 3 t t 4 17 lim t0 lim 3 t0 4 17 t0 lim 3t4 3t4 3t4 3t4 t0 dS 17 2 dt 3t4 EXERCISE 2.2 dy of each of the following; Find dx 3 2 1. y 5 x 4 x 3 x 6 Use power rule where; d dx n un1 un du d and the constant rule where; dx dx c 0 dy 5 3 x31 4 2 x21 3 1 x11 0 dx dy 15 x 2 8 x 3 dx 2. y 3 4 x Simplify y x x 1 x 4x 3 d Use power rule where; dx dy = dx 1 1 3x 3 1 4 1 x n un1 un 11 du d or dx dx 1 1 2x dy 1 4 1 3 dx x2 2 x 3 x2 3. y 5 6 x d Use power rule where; dx u 5 6x d u 6dx dy 6 dx 2 5 6x u 2 1 = du 2 u 3 dy dx 4. y x 5 6x 3 2x7 Use power rule where; u 2x 7 d u 2dx n 1 m 3 dy dx 3 2 3 2x7 2 d dx n um n m du n um 1 . n um n m du u n 1 m . du means the derivative of u. 2 5. y 3 x 4 x 1 5 Use chain rule where; d dx u n = ndu u n1 u 3 x2 4x 1 d u 6 x 4 dx dy 4 5 6 x 4 3 x2 4x 1 dx dy 4 30 x 20 3 x 2 4 x 1 dx 6. y 7 3x1 Use chain rule where; u 7 du 2 3x1 3 3x1 d dx u n = ndu u n1 and power rule where; d dx u = du u 2 dx 3 dy dx 2 2 3x1 7 3x1 dy 3 dx 2 7 3x1 dy 3 dx 4 3x1 7 4x5 7. y 2x1 3x1 2 3x1 Use quotient rule where, d dx u v u v v du udv v2 . u = 4x - 5 du = 4dx v = 2x + 1 dv = 2dx dy 2 x 1 4 4 x 5 2 2 dx 2x1 dy 8 x 4 8 x 10 2 dx 2x1 dy 14 2 dx 2x1 3x1 8. y 2 3x 2 Use quotient rule where; d dx u 3x 1 d u 3dx v 3 x2 2 3x dv 2 3x 2 2 3x 2 dy dx dx 3x 3 3x1 3 x2 2 2 3 3x 2 2 2 3 x 2 2 9 x 3x dy 3 x2 2 2 dx 3x 2 2 dy 3 3 x2 2 3 x2 2 9 x 3x 2 2 dx 3x 2 3x 2 2 2 dy 3 3 x 2 9 x 3x 3 dx 2 2 3x 2 2 2 dy 9 x 6 9 x 3x 3 dx 2 2 3x 2 dy 6 3x 3 dx 2 3x 2 v du udv v2 and power rule where; d dx u du 2 u 9. y 2 x 5 4x1 Use product rule where; d dx uv u d v v d u and power rule where; d dx du u 2 u 2x 5 u d u 2dx v 4x1 2 dv dy dx dy dx dy dx dy dx dy dx 4x1 2 2x5 2 2x5 2 4x1 2 4x1 4x1 4x1 2 2x5 2 4x1 4x1 4 x 10 8 x 2 4x1 12 x 8 4x1 2 10. y 3 x 4 Use chain rule where; u 3x4 3 x5 d dx u n ndu u n1 and product rule where; d dx uv and quotient rule where; d dx u v udv vdu 2 du 6 3x4 3 v x5 dv 3 x 5 dy dx dy dx dy dx dy dx 2 3x4 2 3 x5 2 x5 3 x5 2 3x4 2 2 x5 3 x5 2 3 x5 2 11. y 3x4 3x4 3 6 3x4 3x4 3 x 4 2 x 10 5x6 4 2x3 5x1 Use chain rule where; d dx u n ndu u n1 v du udv v2 u 2x 3 d u 2dx v 5x 1 d v 5dx dy 2 5x1 5 2x3 4 2 dx 5x1 dy 10 x 2 10 x 15 4 2 dx 5x1 dy 4 dx 17 5x1 68 dy dx 2 2 5x1 3 dy 68 2 x 3 5 dx 5x1 3x4 12. y 2x3 5x1 3 3 3 2x3 5x1 2x3 5x1 2x3 5x1 3 2x5 Use quotient rule where; u 3x 4 d u 3dx v dv 2x5 1 2x5 dx d dx u v v du udv v2 d and power rule where; d x u du 2 u 3x4 2x5 3 dy dx 2x5 2 2x5 dy 3 2x5 3x4 3 dx 2x5 dy 6 x 15 3 x 4 3 dx 2x5 dy 3 x 19 3 dx 2x5 x6 3 13. y 3x4 d dx Use chain rule where; n u ndu u n1 and quotient rule where; v du udv d dx u v un ndu u v2 u x6 d u dx v 3x 4 d v 3dx dy dx 3x4 3 x 6 1 2 3 dy dx 3x4 3 x 4 3 x 18 2 3 2 x6 2 3 3 3x4 dy dx x6 3x4 3x4 22 dy dx 3 3x4 2 3 3 3x4 2 2 x6 3x4 22 dy dx 3 x6 3x4 22 3 x6 2 3 2 2 3x4 4 3 x2 4 x 3 14. y 3 3 Use power rule where; d dx n un1 un 2 y x 3 4x 3 1 dy 2 x dx 3 3 4 x 4 3 dy 2 12 3 dx x4 3 x 15. y 4 x 1 5 Use product rule where; u4 d dx u d v v d u and chain rule where; uv d dx du 0 v dv x 1 1 dx x 2 dy 4 dx dy 10 dx 1 5 x 1 x 1 x 2 5 x 5x3 d dx u4 du 0 v 5x3 dy dx x 1 4 Use quotient rule where; dy dx 0 4 16. y dv 4 5 dx 5x3 2 0 5x3 5x3 10 5x3 5x3 10 5x3 2 u v v du udv v2 d and power rule where; d x u du 2 u n1 dy dx 17. y 10 5x3 3 2 3 4x1 Use product rule where; u2 du 0 v 4x1 d dx uv u d v v d u and chain rule where; 3 4 d v 12 4 x 1 dx dy 4 3 0 4x1 24 4 x 1 dx dy 4 24 4 x 1 dx dy 24 4 dx 4x1 dy at the specified value of x. Evaluate dx 3 2 18. y 6 x 2 x 8 u6 du 0 v dv 3 2 2 x 2 3 x 2 3 3 x2 dx 3 dy 2 x 2 0 6 3 dx 3 x2 3 dy 4 x 2 x 8 3 dx x2 f' 8 4 f' 8 4 f' 8 3 3 8 2 3 8 3 2 8 2 3 64 4 22 4 f' 8 4 19. y 6 u 6 x du x 1 dx x 1 2 x 4 dy 1 dx 2 x 2 6 dy 1 dx 4 x 6 x f' 4 f' 4 f' 4 f' 4 1 4 6 4 4 1 62 4 2 1 8 4 1 16 1 20. y x 4 x x 1 dy 4 3 x4 2 x 1 dx x 3 f' 1 3 1 f' 1 3 4 f' 1 1 4 4 1 2 x x 2 2 d dx un ndu u n1 3 21. y 2 x 1 4 3x2 x2 3 u 2x1 2 d u 6 2 x 1 dx 1 v 4 3x2 2 dv 6 3x2 dy 6 2x1 dx 2 3 2 6 f' 2 6 2 2 1 2 f' 2 6 4 1 f' 2 6 3 2 3 2 2 3 6 62 3 6 3 6 f' 2 6 9 f' 2 6 4 f ' 2 54 3 3x2 2 64 3 4 213 4 Find the slope of the tangent to the curve at the given point. dy m o r s l o p e dx 2 3 22. y 7 x 4 x 1 2 dy 2 x 12 x 2 x 1 dx f' 1 2 1 12 1 f ' 1 2 12 f' 1 14 1 23. y x 2 x 2 3 dy 2 1 2 x 2 dx x f' 2 1 f' 2 1 f' 2 1 f' 2 2 2 2 2 4 1 2 1 2 4 2 24. y 3 x x 2 10 dy 4 6x 2 x 2 dx x f' 2 6 2 f ' 2 12 4 2 2 4 4 f ' 2 12 1 f ' 2 13 25. y u 10 2 x 3x 3 10 2 x du v 3x d v 3dx 1 10 2 x dx 2 9 2 dy dx 1 3x 3 10 2 x 9x 10 2 x 2 3 10 2 x 3 x dy 10 2 x 2 dx 9x dy 30 6 x 3 x 2 dx 9x 10 2 x dy 30 3 x x3 2 dx 9x 10 2 x 30 3 3 f' 3 2 9 3 10 2 3 30 9 f' 3 10 6 9 9 21 f' 3 81 4 21 f' 3 81 2 21 f' 3 162 7 f' 3 54 Find the values of x for which the derivative is zero. 3 2 26. y x 4 x 3 x 5 dy dy 3 x 2 8 x 3 0 dx dx 2 0 3 x 8x 3 Use quadratic equation to solve for x. x b 2 b 4ac 2a 8 2 8 4 3 a 3 b 8 c 3 3 2 3 8 64 36 6 8 x x 100 6 8 10 6 8 18 6 1 3 3 4 3 2 27. y x 8 x 22 x 24 x 9 dy dy 4 x 3 24 x 2 44 x 24 0 dx dx 3 2 0 x 6 x 11 x 6 GCF of -6 is -1,1,6,-6,2,-2,3,-3 To check, it must be equal to zero. x 3 6 x 2 11 x 6 0 3 2 1 6 1 11 1 6 0 1 6 11 6 0 12 12 0 00 x1 x1 x1 x1 x2 x3 x2 5x 6 0 x2 x3 0 28. y '' 12 x 8 x 3 d y 8 12 dx3 1 x2 8 12 x2 2 12 x 8 8 x2 12 2 x 3 6 x 3 x1 29. y x 2x 5 2 u x1 d u dx v x2 2x 5 d v 2 x 2 dx dy x2 2x 5 x 1 2 x 2 2 dx x2 2x 5 dy x2 2x 5 2 x2 4x 2 2 dx x2 2x 5 x2 2x 3 dy 2 dx x2 2x 5 x2 2x 3 0 2 x2 2x 5 x3 x1 0 2 x2 2x 5 x3 x 1 Find the values of x given that; dy 1 14 30. y 2 x 3 x and dx dy 3 2 2 dx x 3 14 2 x2 3 12 x2 2 12 x 3 1 x2 4 1 x 2 2 31. y x y 3 u 3 du 1 x 3 3 x2 x and x 2 2 3 3 3 dx x 1 vx3 dv 1 3 3 x2 dx dy 2 1 3 3 dx 3 x 3 x2 1 4 2 3 3 1 x 3 3 x2 dy 1 dx 4 1 2 4 3x 1 1 1 3 3x 1 3 Let x 1 1 3u 1 1 2 3 9u 3u 2u1 9u 2u1 4 1 3u 6 u 3u 4 2 4 2 =u 2 4 3 3u 3 2 8u4 3u 2 2 3 u 8u 4 0 2 3 u 2u 6u 4 0 u2 0 3u2 2 u 3 Subtitute the value of u u2 1 x3 2 3 Cube both side of the equation 1 x 2 3 x 8 27 x8 1 2 32. y 3 x 4 x and dy 11 dx dy 4 6x 2 dx x 11 6 x 4 x2 4 11 6 x 0 x2 3 2 6 x 11 x 4 0 2 x 2 6x x2 0 x2 x2 EXERCISE 2.3 Use the Chain Rule to find 2 1. y u u u 2 x 1 y 2x1 2 2x 1 dy 2 2 2x1 2 dx dy 4 2x1 2 dx dy 8x 6 dx 2. y y y u 2 1 u 4 x 4 2 1 16 x 1 dy dx 2 dy dx 16 16 x 1 8 16 x 1 x dy and express the final answer in terms of x. dx 3 2 3. y u 4 u x 2 4 3 y 2 x2 4 4 3 2 y x2 y x3 dy 3 x2 dx 2 3 4. y 2 u 2 u 4 x 3 1 2 y 2 4 x3 1 2 3 2 3 y 8 x3 y 4 x2 dy 8x dx 5. y y u 2 u 4 x 2 4x22 y2 x dy dx 1 6. y y x 2u u2 1 2 2x u x 2 x4 1 v 2 x2 d v 4xdx w x4 1 d w 4 x3 dx 4 2 3 dy 4x x 1 2x 4x 2 dx x4 1 5 5 dy 4 x 4x 8 x 2 4 dx ( x -1 ) 4 dy 4x x 1 2 4 dx ( x -1 ) 7. y uu y x y x 4 x dy 1 4 dx 4 x3 Use the Inverse Function Rule to find 2 3 8. x y y y dx 1 2y 3 y2 dy dy 1 2 dx 1 2y 3 y 3 9. x y y dx 1 1 3 dy 2 y 3 y2 3 3 y2 2 y dx 6 dy 6 y7 dy dx 3 6 3 6 y7 y2 2 y dy dx 3 2 10. x 4 3 y 9 4 3y dx dy 2 dy 2 dx 9 4 3y 3 11. x 2 4 y 1 dx 2 24 4 y 1 dy dy 1 2 dx 24 4 y 1 12. x 6 2 3y1 u6 du 0 2 v 3y1 d v 6 3 y 1 dy 3y1 0 dx dy 2 6 6 3y1 4 3y1 36 3 y 1 dx 4 dy 3y1 dx 36 3 dy 3y1 3 dy 3y1 dx 36 13. x u du 1 1 1 y y y 1 y y 1 4 1 dx dy 8 1 dy 8 1 dx 2y1 14. x 3y1 dy 1 1 y 1 y 1 y y y 4 u 2y 1 d u 2dy v 3y 1 dv 3 2 3y1 3 2y1 dx 4 2 dy 3y1 6 y 2 6y 3 2y1 dx 4 2 dy 3y1 3y 1 3 2y1 dx 20 2 dy 3y1 3y1 3 20 2 y 1 dx 5 dy 3y1 5 dy 3y1 3 dx 20 2 y 1 2y1 3y1 3 3 EXERCISE 2.4 Find the first and second derivative of each of the following; 2 5 1. y x 3 x 4 x dy 6 5 x4 3 4 dx x 2 d y dx2 18 20 x 3 2. y x4 1 x dy 1 2 dx x 2 d y 2 3 dx x 3. y 4 x 2 dy x 2 dx 4x ux d u dx v 4x x dv 2 d y dx2 2 d y 2 dx 2 d y dx2 2 4x dx 2 4x x2 2 4x 4 x2 2 2 2 4x x 4 x2 4x 4. y 2 4 4x 4x x1 2 2 u 4x d u 4dx v x1 d v dx dy 4 x 1 4x 2 dx x1 dy 1 2 dx x1 2 d y dx2 2 x1 5. y x 5 3 2 dy 2 x5 dx 2 d y 2 dx2 1 1 2 6. y a 2 x 2 dy a x dx x u a du v dv 2 d y dx2 x 1 x 2 dx x 1 2 x 2 a x 2 x x x x 2 d y dx2 7. y a 2x x 1 x x u 1 x 1 du v dx x 2 x 1 dv dx x 2 x 1 dy 2 x dx x dy 1 dx 2x x x x 2 u1 du 0 v 2x x dv 3 x dx 0 2x 2 d y dx2 2 d y dx2 2 d y dx2 x 3 4x x 3 x 3 4x 3 3 4x 2 x x 8. y x1 ux d u dx v dv x1 1 dx x1 2 x x1 dy 2 x1 dx x1 dy 2 x1 x 3 dx 2 x1 dy x 2 3 dx 2 x1 u x2 d u dx v2 x1 dv 3 2 d y dx2 2 d y dx2 2 d y dx2 3 x1 2 x1 3 x2 3 4 x1 x1 4 x 4 x1 4x 4 x1 3 5 3 x1 x2 x1 9. y u x2 d u 2xdx v x1 d v dx 2 dy 2x x1 x 2 dx x1 2 2 dy 2 x 2x x 2 dx x1 dy x2 2x 2 dx x1 u x2 2x d u 2 x 2 dx 2 v x1 d v 2 x 1 dx 2 d y 2 dx 2 d y dx2 2 d y dx2 2 d y dx2 2x2 2 2 x1 x1 2x2 x1 x 1 2 x2 2x 4 x1 2 2 x 4x 2 2 x 4x 2 x1 3 2 3 x1 3 x find f ' 8 and f '' 8 . 3 x dy 1 3 dx 3 x2 1 f' 8 3 3 8 2 1 3 3 64 1 f' 8 2 d y dx2 2 d y dx2 12 2 9 3 x5 2 3 9x f '' 8 9 8 x2 2 3 8 2 2 72 x2 2x 4 10. If y= y x1 3 64 f '' 8 1 144 5 4 11. If y=x find y and y yx y 4 x 20 y x5 5 dy 5 x4 dx 2 d y 20 x 3 dx2 3 d y 60 x 2 dx3 4 d y 120 x dx4 4 . 3 12. Find the point on the curve y x 3 x for which y ' y '' y x3 3x dy 3 x2 3 dx 2 d y 6x dx2 2 3 x 3 6x x2 1 2x x2 2x 1 0 x1 0 x1 x1 f' 1 3 x2 3 2 3 1 3 33 f' 1 6 f '' 1 6 x 6 1 f '' 1 6 y ' y '' y x3 3x 1 3 3 1 4 1 4 2 13. How fast does the slope of the curve y x x 1 y x x1 2 2 change at the point where x=2? 2 dy 2 2x 1 x2 x 1 dx dy 4x 2 x2 x 1 dx dy 4 x3 4 x2 4x 2 x2 2x 2 dx dy 4 x3 6 x2 6x 2 dx f' 2 4 2 3 6 2 2 6 2 2 f' 2 4 8 6 4 6 2 2 f ' 2 32 24 12 2 f ' 2 70 3 14. Find the rate of change of the slope of the curve y x 1 at 2 7 3 y x 1 dy 3 x2 dx 2 f' 2 3 2 f ' 2 12 dy by implicit differentiation. Find dx 3 3 1. x y 6xy 0 dy 2 2 dy 6x 6y 0 3x 3y dx dx dy 2 2 3 y 6x 6y 3 x dx 2 dy 6y3x 2 dx 3 y 6x 2 dy 2y x 2 dx y 2x 2 2 2 2. x x y y 1 dy dy y2 2y 0 2 x 2xy dx dx dy 2 2 xy 2y y 2x dx y2 2x dy dx 2y x1 dy y2 2x dx 2y x1 x y x y 21 3. 1 dy dx x dy y 0 dx xy dy dy 2x x y 1 dx dx 2 xy 2 1 dy dx xy dy 2 x 2 y xy 1 2x xy 2 y xy 1 1 y dx 2 xy 2 xy dy 2 x x y 1 2y xy 1 dx 2 xy 2 xy dy 2y xy 1 2 xy dx 2 xy 2x xy 1 dy 2y xy 1 dx 2x xy 1 y x 4. 1 x 2 1 2 1 2 a dy 0 y dx dy 1 y dx 2 x dy dx y x 2 2 2 2 2 2 5. b x a y a b dy 2 2 0 2b x2a y dx dy 2 2 b2 x 2a y dx 2 dy b x 2 dx a y 3 6. x y xy dy dx 3 1 3 xy 2 3 xy 2 xy 2 2 2 1 2 2 7. y 4 x y y 4 x2 4 y2 8x 8y 8y dy dx dy 8x dx 1 8y 8x 8x 1 8y 3x1 2 8. y 2x3 u 3x 1 d u 3dx xy dy dy 2 xy 2 xy dx dx dy dy 2 2 xy 3 xy 2 xy dx dx 3 xy 2 dy 2 3 xy 2 xy dx 2 dy 3 xy 2 xy 2 dx 3 xy 2 xy dy dx dy dx dy dx dy dx dy dx 3 xy 2 2 xy v 2x 3 d v 2dx dy 3 2x3 2 3x1 2 dx 2x3 2y dy 6 x 9 6x 2 2 dx 2y 2x3 dy 11 2 dx 2y 2x3 2 9. y 3 x 2 y 0 dy dy 32 0 2y dx dx dy 2y2 3 dx dy 3 dx 2 y1 Find y'' in each of the following. 11. x y 32 dy y 0 x dx dy y x dx dy y dx x 2 d y dx2 2 d y 3 2 3 3 y 2 2 3 a3 2 x 2 3 x2 x2 2 12. x y dx 2 y dy 2 3 dx 3 x 3 y 3 x 3 d y 2 dx 2 2 d y dx2 2 d y dx 2 2 d y dx2 2 d y dx2 3 3 y 3 3 3 x 3 x2 x 2 3y 3 3 y 3 3y 3 y x4 x2 y y 3 x y y 2 3 2 x2 x y y 2 3 3 y x2 2 3 3 3 3 y2 3y 9y y 3 2 3y 3 2 3 3 3 1 x 3 d y dy 0 dx 3 3 dy dx 2 y y x x 2y dx2 3 x2 dx2 2 d y dy y dx x x4 y2 x4 3 y y x x2 3 y 1 3 3 x2 13. y 16 x 0 dy 16 0 2y dx dy 16 2y dx dy 8 dx y 2 2 d y dx2 2 d y dx2 2 8 dy dx y2 8 8 y y2 d y 64 2 3 yx 3 dx2 y 2 2 14. x 2 x y 3 y 4 dy dy 2y 6 y 0 2 x 2x dx dx dy dy 2x 6y 2y 2x dx dx dy 6 y 2x 2y 2x dx dy yx dx 3yx d y dx2 2 d y dx2 2 d y dx2 2 d y dx2 2 d y dx2 2 d y 2 3yx yx yx yx yx yx x 3y y 3x x 3 y 3yx 3yx 3yx 3yx 3yx 2 dx2 2 d y dx2 2 d y dx2 2 d y dx 2 2 d y dx 2 2 d y dx 2 2 3y y x 3x y x 3y y x 3x y x 3y 3x y x 3yx 3yx 3yx 3yx 3yx 2 x 2y 3yx 2 2 xy u 4x d u 4dx v 9y d y dy 1 dx 2 d x 24 x 2 39y y 2x 2 36 15. dy 0 8 x 18 y dx dy 8x 18 y dx dy 4x dx 9y dv 9 3 3yx dy dy dy dy yx x 3y y 3x x 3 y dx dx dx dx dy 1 yx dx dy dx dy dx 36 y 36 x 81 y 2 36 y 36 x 81 y 36 y 4x 9y 2 144 x 2 9y 2 81 y 2 2 144 x 324 y 729 y 3 2 9 16 x 36 y 2 9 81 y 3 2 2 16 x 36 y 81 y 3 2 Find the slope of the curve at the given point. 3 3 16. 2 x 2 y 9 x y a t 2 1 dy 2 2 dy 9y 9x 6x 6y dx dx dy 2 dy 9x 9y 6 x2 6y dx dx dy 2 2 6 y 9x 9 y 6 x dx 2 dy 9y6x 2 dx 6y 9x 2 dy 3y2x 2 dx 2 y 3x 2 3 1 2 2 f ' 2 1 3 1 2 2 38 32 f ' 2 1 ' 2y31 f17. x 251 a t 3 2 3y 2 dy 2x dx 2x dy 2 dx 3y f ' 3 2 f ' 3 2 2 3 2 3 2 6 12 1 f ' 3 2 2 2 2 18. x 4 x y y 25 a t 4 1 2x 2x dy dx dy y dx 2x 2y 2y xy dy 0 dx 2y xy dy dx xy dy dx 2 x dy 2x dx 2y 2y 2x xy 2 x 2y xy xy dy x xy y dx y xy x dy x xy y dx y xy x f ' 4 1 xy 2x xy 2 xy 2 xy 4 4 1 1 1 4 1 4 f ' 4 1 4 f ' 4 1 9 x y 2y 4 1 4 4 6 3 f ' 4 1 2 3 2 3 19. x x y y 9 a t 1 2 2 2 3x x dy dy 2xy 3 y2 0 dx dx dy x2 3 y2 3 x2 2xy dx 2 dy 3 x 2xy 2 dx x 3 y2 f ' 1 2 f ' 1 2 f ' 1 2 3 1 2 1 34 1 12 1 13 2 1 2 3 2 2 2 3 3 x 2 3 y 2 5 a t 3 2 4y 4 3 3 4 3 3 3 3x 20. y2 dy 0 dx dy dx 2 dy dx 2 3 27 f ' 3 2 f ' 3 2 3 2 3 3 27 2 4 3 3 2 4 3 4 27 f ' 3 2 f ' 3 2 4 27 2 3x y2 3 x 3 12 3 2 2 2 21. A circle is drawn with its center at (8,0) and with radius r such that the circle cuts the ellipse x +4y =16 at right angles. Find the radius of the circle. Equation of the circle x 8 2 y2 r2 2 2 Make the Ellipse Equation into standard form: x 4 y 16 Make the Ellipse Equation equal to 1; x 2 16 y 2 4 1 Differentiate both equation 2 y2 r2 dy 0 2 x 8 2y dx dy 2 x8 2y dx dy x8 dx y x8 y' y x8 x2 16 x 8 y2 4 1 y dy 2 dx y dy 2 dx 0 x 8 dy x dx 4y x y' 4y x8 x 1 y 4y x x8 1 2 4y x x 8 4 y2 2 Find y using the ellipse equation x2 16 y2 4 y2 4 1 y2 4 y2 4 1 x2 16 x2 4 x2 4 Substitute y 2 x x8 4 4 x2 4 x x 8 16 x 2 x 2 x 2 8 x 16 x2 x2 16 4y 2 16 16 16 y2 4 y2 4 x2 4 2 2 4 y2 3 Finally, find the value of r in the circle equation x8 2 y2 r2 28 2 3 r2 6 2 3 r2 36 3 r 2 r 39 r 39 2 2 22. The vertex of the parabola y 9 x is the center of an ellipse. The focus of the parabola is an end of the minor axis of the ellipse, and the parabola and ellipse intersect at the right angles. Find the equation of the ellipse.