Name: Nathaniel Orlando Whyte
Date: Jan 25,2024
Form: 5A Bio
Sensitivity & Coordination – The Internal Environment (Endocrine System) [30MARKS]
1. Using your textbook, Canvas resources to label the glands shown in the diagram. [5]
Hypothalamus
manager)\\\
Thyroid
Adrenal(adrenalin)
Pancreas
Ovary
2. What is the endocrine system and what is its function?


[2]
A system of glands that secrete chemicals directly into the blood stream which have
a regulatory effect on another organ in the body is call the endocrine system. The
chemicals produced are called hormones
The function of the endocrine system is to control growth and development.
.
3. Explain the roles of ADH, growth hormone, thyroxine, insulin, glucagon, adrenaline, in the
table below. Provide a SUITABLE TITLE for the table.
[10]
Name: Nathaniel Orlando Whyte
Date: Jan 25,2024
Form: 5A Bio
Sensitivity & Coordination – The Internal Environment (Endocrine System) [30MARKS]
TABLE SHOWING THE VITAL INFORMATION ADOUT THE ENDOCRINE GLANDS IN
THE HUMAN BODY
Endocrine Location of
Gland
gland
Hormones
Pituitary
Gland
Follicle stimulating
hormone
Hypothalamus
Secreted
Luteinizing hormone
Thyroid stimulating
hormone
Growth hormone
Antidiuretic hormone
Oxytocin
Target
Organ (s)
Function
thyroid gland,
adrenal
cortex,
gonads
(ovaries,
testes),
kidneys,
mammary
glands, liver,
adipose
tissue,
Follicle-stimulating
hormone (Stimulates
egg maturation in the
ovary and release of
sex hormones.)
Luteinizing hormone
(Stimulates
maturation of egg
and of the corpus
luteum surrounding
the egg,)
Thyroid-stimulating
hormone (Stimulates
the thyroid to release
thyroxine.)
Growth hormone
(Stimulates growth
during infancy and
puberty.)
Antidiuretic
hormone (Signals the
kidney to conserve
more water.)
Oxytocin (Affects
childbirth, lactation,
and some behaviors.)
Thyroid
Gland
at the base of
the neck, just
below the
Adam's apple.
thyroxine
The brain
Bone
Heart
Controls body’s
metabolic rate (how
fast chemical
reactions occur)
Muscles
Pancreas
across the
back of the
belly, behind
the stomach.
vasoactive intestinal
peptide, glucagon,
Gastrin, Somatostatin,
and the insulin hormones.
hepatic,
muscle and
adipocyte
cells (i.e.,
cells
specialized
for energy
storage).
help regulate your
blood sugar levels
and appetite,
stimulate stomach
acids, and tell your
stomach when to
empty.
Adrenal
Gland
Adrenal cortex
Cortisol
heart, blood
vessels, eyes
stimulates heart rate,
increases blood
Name: Nathaniel Orlando Whyte
Date: Jan 25,2024
Form: 5A Bio
Sensitivity & Coordination – The Internal Environment (Endocrine System) [30MARKS]
pressure, dilates
pupils
Aldosterone
Causes "Adrenaline
Rush”
A 'fight and flight'
hormone.
It is released in high
stress conditions or
in excitement or fear.
Loud noise, high
temperature etc. may
also trigger its
release since these
are also high stress
situations.
4. Describe how the body regulates blood sugar levels.
[4]
When the blood sugar level in the body is too low or too high, the body is made aware of
this by a feedback mechanism which restores the blood sugar level back to its normal levels.
When the blood sugar level is too high, the pancreas secretes the hormone insulin into the
blood stream and this causes the cells of the liver to convert excess glucose into glycogen to
be stored by the liver. When the blood sugar level is too low, the pancreas the hormone
glucagon, which will cause the glycogen stored in the liver to be broken down into glucose
and restored to the blood stream to be used by the body.
5. Why is the pancreas considered to be both an endocrine and exocrine gland?
[1]
The pancreas is organ of the digestive system. It contains two types of secretory cells. One
type produces enzymes that make up the pancreatic juice which is secreted through the duct
to the duodenum. The other type of cells produces the hormone insulin and diffuses into the
blood vessels which pass through the pancreas hence making the pancreas being classified
as both an endocrine gland and exocrine gland.
6. State TWO differences between the endocrine and exocrine glands?
[2]
Exocrine glands transport secretions by ducts to other parts of the body for example the salivary
glands in the mouth and tear glands in the eye. Endocrine glands secrete chemicals called hormones
into the bloodstream. Therefore, they have a rich blood supply of blood in which the hormone
travels to its target organ.
7. In a table, distinguish between endocrine and nervous control systems.
Nervous System
Endocrine System
[6]
Name: Nathaniel Orlando Whyte
Date: Jan 25,2024
Form: 5A Bio
Sensitivity & Coordination – The Internal Environment (Endocrine System) [30MARKS]
Electrical impulses are the messengers in the nervous
system
Brain and the spinal cord constitute the nervous system
Nerve impulses are transmitted through neurons
The nervous system is under both voluntary and
involuntary control
Nerve impulses make use of the neurotransmitters at
synaptic clefts and sodium and potassium channels and
enter the target cells.
Responses are localized
Hormones are the chemical messengers in the
endocrine system that target cells through the
bloodstream
Glands and organs like thyroid, pituitary glands and
reproductive organs (ovaries and testes) are involved in
the endocrine system
Hormones are transmitted through blood vessels
The endocrine system is under involuntary control
The hormones enter into the target cells by diffusing
through the plasma membrane or by binding to the cell
receptors
Responses are widespread