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Practical Research 1 Quarter 1 Module 1 Nature and Inquiry
of Research version 3
Financial Accounting (Eastern Visayas State University)
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PRACTICAL RESEARCH 1
Quarter 1- Module 1:
Nature of Inquiry and Research
Department of Education ● Republic of the Philippines
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Practical Research 1 – Grade 11
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 1– Module 1: Nature of Inquiry and Research
First Edition, 2020
Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: “No copyright shall subsist in any work of
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office wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit.
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royalties.
Borrowed materials included in this module are owned by their respective copyright
holders. Effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from
the respective copyright owners. The publisher and author do not represent nor claim
ownership over them.
Published by the Department of Education – Region X – Northern Mindanao.
Development Team of the Module
Authors: Maria Euleen Pastor
Editor: Milger A. Baang, Ph.D
Reviewers: Noreen Mae B. Llego, William N. Almonia, Ph.D
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Layout Artist: Jose D. Plasabas
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11
Practical Research 1
Quarter 1 – Module 1:
Nature of Inquiry and Research
This instructional material was collaboratively developed and
reviewed by educators from public and private schools, colleges, and
or/universities. We encourage teachers and other education stakeholders to
email their feedback, comments, and recommendations to the Department of
Education at action@deped.gov.ph.
We value your feedback and recommendations.
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INTRODUCTORY MESSAGE
It is our desire that this module on Practical Research 1: Qualitative Research
will provide you with a general understanding of how to conduct practical qualitative
research and possibly even encourage you to undertake a study that may have been
thinking about doing.
Research is a delightful way to discover valuable learning and skills. Through
this subject, you help develop your abilities in establishing connections, listening,
writing, and observing which the primary elements are needed in the qualitative
research process. You will find out how to conduct practical researches that you can
apply in your specific track. Often, when we find out that we are going to engage in
research, we immediately worry and put on a skeptical face. It is our goal to replace
that worry with excitement, skepticism with confidence. You will discover how much
fun it is to do research as we eagerly learn new things and develop a new and better
perspective about research.
The twenty-first century learning allows you to discover, to improvise, and to
interact, using research as a tool to expand your knowledge and skills. With this
module on Practical Research 1, we hope that you will be able to nurture yourself to
be active, creative, and collaborative researchers.
How to learn from this module
In order to achieve the objectives of this module, here’s a simple guide for you:
Read and follow instructions carefully.
Answer the pretest before going through the lessons.
Take note and record points for clarification.
Compare your answers against the key to answers found at the end of the
module.
6. Do the activities and fully understand each lesson.
7. Answer the self-check to monitor what you learned in each lesson.
8. Answer the posttest after you have gone over all the lessons.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Pages
MODULE 1 NATURE OF INQUIRY AND RESEARCH
Lesson 1
Lesson 2
Lesson 3
Lesson 4.
Learning Objectives
1
Pretest
The Importance of Research in Daily Life
I.
What is Research?
II.
Nature of Inquiry
III.
Investigation and Immersion
IV.
Difference between Inquiry and Research
V.
Purpose of Research
VI.
Importance of Research in daily Life
Post test
2
Pretest
The Characteristics, Processes, and Ethics of Research
I.
Characteristics of Research
II.
The Seven Steps of a Research Process
III.
Ethics in Research
IV.
Rights of Research Participants
V.
Ethical Standards in Research Writing
Post test
11
Pretest
Quantitative and Qualitative Research
I.
When to use Qualitative versus s Quantitative
Research
II.
Differences: Qualitative Research versus
Quantitative Research
III.
Similarities: Qualitative Research and Quantitative
Research
Post test
27
Pretest
The Kinds of Research across Fields of Inquiry
I.
Kinds of Research across Fields of Inquiry
Post test
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What I need to know
Every day you encountered various problems in any facets of life be it social,
political, environmental and personal. It may link between persons, groups or an
organization. In this case, there must be a solution not only to resolve it but can be a
progress that everybody benefited from it. As a learner how can you find a solution to
these problems that is based on knowledge not on ordinary beliefs, predictions or
theories? You need to have this knowledge through organized and well-planned
procedures that are accurate and useful. Thus you need to do research.
Research is asking what you know and think. It helps us to inquire on the right
information. It is of great importance to man in everyday life. The quality of man’s life
is improved through research making it easier and valuable from simple to modern.
Research develops you to an attitude to not believe everything easily available and
seek for truth - Research sharpens our mind to give a judicious vision to look. It is a
catalyst in solving complex issues in different sectors including health,
communications, business and the environment.
This module will assist you in understanding the following lessons:
Lesson 1. The Importance of Research in Daily Life
Lesson 2. The Characteristics, Processes, and Ethics of Research
Lesson 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Research
Lesson 4 .The Kinds of Research across Fields of Inquiry
Learning Objectives
After going through this module, you are expected to be able to:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
share research experiences and knowledge
explain the importance of research in daily life
describe characteristics, processes, and ethics of research
differentiate quantitative from qualitative research
provide examples of research in areas of interest (arts, humanities, sports,
science, business, agriculture and fisheries, information and communication
technology, and social inquiry)
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What I know
Direction:
A. Read the following statements. Answer TRUE if the statement describes a
research, FALSE if you think it is not. Write your answers on the blank.
_______1.There should be adequate data before conducting a research.
_______2.To have an objective view of his or her study, the researcher should avoid
listening to another researcher.
_______3.A researcher must read literature that relates to the problem he or she is
studying.
_______4.An opinion from any person is recognized and considered as an answer
to the question asked by the researcher.
_______5.The researcher has the final say in his findings.
B. Underline the words in the box that are related to the definition of
research.
biases
intuition
dreams
productivity
Instrument
discovery
experiences
drama
theories
system
data
validate
factual
subjective
phenomena
opinions
investigation
Interview
guessing
Literature
C. Using the words encircled, formulate your own definition of research.
Use the blanks provided.
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
____________________
1
This set of questions presented in the pre-test are extracted from the work of Cristobal, A.P. &
Cristobal, M.D. (2016).Practical Research 1 for Senior High School. C & E Publishing, Inc. Quezon
City.
2
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Lesson
The Importance of Research in
1
Daily Life
What’s in?
In your junior high school, you learned that research is essential knowing that
it is used in your daily life. It will enable you for inquiry and research in finding
solutions to problems especially in real life situations. Sharing your experiences and
knowledge on the importance of research develops your skills to think critically and
relate it in every decision you do.
What’s New?
I. What is Research?
1. Research is defined as the scientific investigation of phenomena which
includes collection, presentation, analysis and interpretation of facts that lines
an individual‘s speculation with reality.
2. Solutions to problems must be based on knowledge not on mere beliefs,
guesses or theories.
3. In research a systematic and well-planned procedure is required to meet the
need in order that information is acquired and evaluate its accuracy and
effectiveness.
4. It is a process of inquiring1.
II. Nature of Inquiry.
1. Inquiry is defined as “a seeking for truth, information or knowledge”.
It is a problem solving technique.
2. The information and data pursued through questioning begins with gathering
by applying the different human senses.
3. Individuals carry on the process of inquiry from birth till death.
4. Inquiry is synonymous with the word investigation.
____________________
Focus on Research: a Guide to Developing Students ‘Research Skills (1990).Alberta. Canada.
1
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III. Investigation and Immersion
Investigation has a deeper meaning compared to “inquiry”.
It is a systematic examination of a certain event or phenomenon.
Immersion is a process whereby a researcher immerses (deeply involves) himself in
the data gathering activities and the data he has gathered is carefully read or
examined by him in detail.
Combining the idea of “inquiry”, “investigation” and “immersion”, the concept of
“research” comes in.
IV. Differentiate Inquiry from Research
Inquiry is a term that is synonymous with the word ‘investigation’. When you inquire
or investigate, you tend to ask questions to probe or examine something to request
for truth, information, or knowledge.
Research is systematic and objective creation of knowledge systematic (with a
system or method, the scientific method), objective (no bias, all angles presented),
knowledge creation (a creative process)
V. Purpose of Research
1. To inform action.
2. To prove or generate a theory.
3. To augment knowledge in a field or study.
VI. Importance of Research in Daily Life
1. Research directs us to inquire about the right information by conducting
further investigation of the actual condition. It leads us to be cautious in giving
results and findings by proving lies and supporting the truth.
2. Research empowers us with knowledge and discovers new things and issues
in life. It helps us solve problems in health, crimes, business, technology and
environment.
3. Research facilitates learning as an opportunity to share valuable information
to others as a way of recognizing various concerns for public awareness.
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Activity 1: Question and Answer
Directions: Answer the questions briefly. Write your answers on the space
provided,
1. What is Research?
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
2. What is inquiry and its nature?
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
3. What is the difference between inquiry and research?
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
4. How important is research in your daily life activities?
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
5. Why is there a need to conduct research?
What is it?
Discussion of Activity 1
You just learned the importance of research in daily life. Answer the following
questions briefly on the blanks provided.
1. Was there an instance in your life when you did an inquiry or research? Share
and describe your experiences .What are your challenges and difficulties?
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
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2. As a learner in senior high school, how important is research in your daily life?
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
What’s more?
Direction: What makes these images a portrayal of what research is?
Write your reflection on the right space of the image.
1.
2.
3.
4.
6
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What I have learned
Let’s check how well do you know about research. Write your answers on the space
provided.
1. Research is different from inquiry because the later will ask you a question .If
inquiring is synonymous with investigation then what makes inquiry different
from research which also investigates?
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
2. Research in our daily life help us to understand various issues in life leading
to a solution, in what way does research empowers you with knowledge to
learn new things?
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
What I can do
Direction. Answer the following question.
1. What is the importance of research in your education as a 21st Century learner?
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
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2. As a learner, what do you want to research on? Why?
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
Additional Activities
Interview your classmate or a friend about their plans after senior high school.
.Ask them how research played a major role in their chosen track or strand. Make a
report about it and share it to your teacher.
Write your report using a narrative format. Make use of the notes you wrote
down before and after you conducted your interview to flesh out the report. The first
is the brief detail about what the report is, who is the interviewee and the location of
the interview. Then break up the interview into paragraphs, like narrating a story and
finally a conclusion paragraph to end your report.
Assessment
Direction:
A. Read the following statements. Answer TRUE if the statement describes a
research, FALSE if you think it is not. Write your answers on the blank.
_______1. An opinion from any person is recognized and considered as an answer
to the question asked by the researcher.
_______2. A researcher must read literature that relates to the problem he or she is
studying.
_______3. The researcher has the final say in his findings.
_______4.To have an objective view of his or her study, the researcher should avoid
listening to another researcher.
_______5.There should be adequate data before conducting a research.
8
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B Underline the words in the box that are related to the definition of research.
phenomena
biases
guessing
subjective
experiences
interview
system
factual
theories
investigation
instrument
opinions
discovery
intuition
Literature
data
validate
dreams
drama
productivity
C. Using the words underlined, formulate your own definition of research.
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
____________________
1
This set of questions presented in the post-test are extracted from the work of Cristobal, A.P. &
Cristobal, M.D. (2016).Practical Research 1 for Senior High School. C & E Publishing, Inc. Quezon
City.
9
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REFERENCES:
Abdullah, S.N. (2018) .Practical Research 1: Qualitative Research [PowerPoint
slides].Retrieved from http://www.academia.edu./ppt
Baraceros, E.L. (2016).Practical Research 1. Ist ed. Rex Book Store. Manila
Buenseco, D.B, Dacanay, D.E., Manalo, G.A. (2016).Department of Education
Practical Research 1. Teachers Guide .Ist ed. Lexicon Press, Inc. Pasig City
Calmorin, L.P. (2016).Research and Thesis Writing with Statistics and Computer
Application. Rev.ed.Rex Book Store. Manila
Cristobal, A.P., Jr, & Cristobal, M.D. (2016). Practical Research 1 for Senior High
School. Ist ed.C & E Publishing Inc.Quezon City.
Accessed in June 2020
https://www.slideshare.net/annnams1/lesson-1-nature-of-inquiry-and-research
https://rdcastro1.wordpress.com/2017/12/04/practical-research-1-quiz-1-reviewer/
https://studentniche.blogspot.com/2017/06/practical-research-lesson-1.html
Key Answer
A. 1 .FALSE 2. TRUE 3. FALSE 4.FALSE 5.TRUE
B.
phenomena
experiences
theories
discovery
biases
interview
investigation
intuition
guessing
system
instrument
Literature
subjective
factual
opinions
data
validate
dreams
drama
productivity
Post Test
C .Sample answers.
Research is systematic procedure, validating the investigation of theories and
opinions from a discovery or phenomena. Information is gathered through literature
and instrument as tools .It improves productivity.
theories
system
data
validate
factual
subjective
phenomena
opinions
investigation
Interview
Guessing
Literature
biases
intuition
dreams
productivity
A. 1.TRUE 2.FALSE 3.TRUE 4.FALSE 5.FALSE
B.
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Pretest
10
Instrument
discovery
experiences
drama
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What I know
Direction: Identify what characteristic of a researcher is being referred to in the
following statements. Encircle the letter of the correct answer.
1. All the data to be reported should include all facts and accuracy.
a. Honesty
b. Objectivity
c. Competence
d. Care
2. Whatever agreed upon by the participants must be actualized.
a. Integrity
b. Legality
c. Social Responsibility
d. Responsible Publication
3. The researchers should accept all comments and considerations.
a. Openness
b. Respect for intellectual property
c. Non-discrimination
d. Responsible mentoring
4. When a paper is already submitted to a publication, no submission to another
should be done.
a. Objectivity
b. Legality
c. Care
d. Responsible Publication
5. The researcher should be fully equipped with research skills when conducting the
study.
a. Confidentiality
b. Competence
c. Legality
d. Openness
6. An experience researcher should impart knowledge to his or her students.
a. Responsible Publication
b. Non-discrimination
c. Respect for colleagues
d. Social Responsibility
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7. The researcher should ensure that the participants will not be adversely affected
by the research and its results.
a. Care
b. Human subjects protection
c. Respect for colleagues
d. Social Responsibility.
8. Any participants to any research activity must not be forced to take part in the
study.
a. Voluntary participation
b. Informed consent
c. Risk of harm
d. Social responsibility
9. Informed consent for a participant is best exemplified in which of the following
actions?
a. Talking to him or her privately
b. Surprising him or her with a questionnaire
c. Writing him or her a letter
d. Using a padrino system
10. Confidentiality of a participant is best exemplified in which of the following
actions?
a. Asking the participant to write his or her name in the questionnaire
b. Not mentioning his or her name in the Participants of the study section
c. Introducing himself or herself in an interview
d. Taking his or her picture
____________________
1
This set of questions presented in the pre-test are extracted from the work of Cristobal, A.P. &
Cristobal, M.D. (2016).Practical Research 1 for Senior High School. C & E Publishing, Inc. Quezon
City.
12
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Lesson The Characteristics, Processes, and
Ethics of Research
2
Research is a process of gathering, analysing and interpreting information to
answer questions. A good research follows processes that must have certain
characteristic. It must be systematic, controlled, rigorous, valid and verifiable,
empirical and critical. To avoid unethical practices researchers had obligations to
adhere professional standards in conducting research .Thus to consider a research
writing ethical it must be clear, accurate, just and authentic.
.
What’s in?
(
In the previous lessons, you learned the meaning of research and its
importance in your daily life. Research is different from inquiry. When you inquire or
investigate, you tend to ask questions to probe or examine something to request for
truth, information, or knowledge. The importance of research helps improved life as
well as finding a solution to problems through reliable and validated information.
What’s New?
I. Characteristics of Research1
1. Empirical. Research is based on direct experience or observation by the
researcher.
2. Logical. Research is based on valid procedures and principles.
3. Cyclical.Research is a cyclical process because it starts with a problem and ends
with a problem.
__________________
1
For
more
information
on
this
Calmorin,A.(2015).Research Methods
https://www.rexestore.com/e-books/
Characteristics
of
Research,
see
Calmorin,E.&
and Thesis Writing. Retrieved from http:/www.
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4. Analytical. Research utilizes proven analytical procedures in gathering the data,
whether historical, descriptive, and experimental and case study.
5. Critical. Research exhibits careful and precise judgment.
6. Methodical. Research is conducted in a methodical manner without bias using
systematic method and procedures.
7. Replicability. The research design and procedures are replicated or repeated to
enable the researcher to arrive at valid and conclusive results
II. The Seven Steps of the Research Process
Step 1. Define and develop your topic (Research Problem).
 Factors to Consider in Selecting a Research Problem
1. Researcher‘s area of interest
2. Availability of funds
3. Investigator‘s ability and training
Step 2. Find background information about your chosen topic (Review of Related
Literature).
Step 3. Plan your research design including your sample (Methodology).
Step 4. Gather necessary data using open ended questions (for qualitative research)
and closed-ended questionnaire or paper pencil test questionnaire (for quantitative
research) (Data Gathering Activities).
Step 5. Process and analyse data using thematic analysis (for qualitative research)
and statistical tools (for quantitative research).
Step 6. Formulate new insights gained (for qualitative research) conclusions (for
quantitative research) and recommendations.
Step 7. Define new problem.
___________________
1
For more information on this Seven Steps of the Research Process, see Abdullah, S.N.
(2018).Practical Research 1: Qualitative Research [PowerPoint slides].Retrieved from
http://www.academia.edu./ppt
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III. Ethics in Research
Research ethics are guidelines for the responsible conduct of research which
educates and monitors researchers to ensure high standard. It promotes the aim of
research, such as expanding knowledge and supports the values required for
collaborative work, such as mutual respect and fairness.
 Ethical considerations in conducting research
1. Objectivity and integrity
2. Respect of the research subjects ‘right to privacy and dignity and protection of
subjects from personal harm
3. Presentation of research findings
4. Misuse of research role
5. Acknowledgement of research collaboration and assistance
6. Distortions of findings by sponsor
 What are these ethics in research1?
1. Informed Consent.This is required to secure in order protect the rights of the
participants in your study. Inform your participants about the criteria set for choosing
them as informants and the schedule of one-on-one interview at the convenient time
they are available. Participation to the study will be completely voluntary.
2. Honesty.It report data, results, methods and procedures, and publication status.
Do not fabricate, falsify and misrepresent the data.
3. Objectivity.Avoid bias in experimental design, data analysis, data interpretation,
peer review, personnel decisions, grant writing, expert testimony, and other aspects
of research.
4. Integrity.Keep your promises and agreements; act with sincerity; strive for
consistency of thought and action.
5. Carefulness.Avoid careless errors and negligence; carefully and critically examine
your work and the work of peers. Keep good records of research activities.
____________________
1
For more information on this Ethics of Research, see Abdullah, S.N. (2018).Practical Research 1:
Qualitative Research [PowerPoint slides].Retrieved from http://www.academia.edu./ppt
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6. Openness. Share data, results, ideas, tools and resources. Be open to criticism
and new ideas.
7. Respect for Intellectual Property. Honour patents, copyrights, trademarks, trade
secrets and other forms of intellectual property. Do not use published or unpublished
data, methods, or results without permission. Give credit where credit is due. Never
plagiarize, fabricate and falsify.
8. Confidentiality. Protect confidential communications, such as papers or grants
submitted for publication, personnel records, trade or military secrets, and patient
records.
9. Responsible Mentoring. Help to educate, mentor, and advise others. Promote their
welfare and allow them to make their own decisions.
10. Responsible Publication. Publish in order to advance research and scholarship,
not to advance your own career. Avoid wasteful and duplicative publication.
11. Respect for Colleagues. Respect your colleagues’ opinion, treat them fairly and
do not outsmart others.
12. Social responsibility. Strive to promote social acceptance and prevent or mitigate
social harms through research, public education, and advocacy.
13. Non-discrimination. Avoid discrimination against colleagues or students on the
basis of sex, race, ethnicity, or other factors that are not related to their scientific
competence and integrity.
14. Competence. Maintain and improve your own professional competence and
expertise through lifelong education and learning; take steps to promote competence
in science as a whole.
15. Legality. Know and obey relevant laws and institutional and government policies.
16. Animal Care. Show proper respect and care for animals when using them in
research. Do not conduct unnecessary or poorly designed animal experiments.
17. Human Subjects protection. When conducting a research on human subjects,
minimize harms and risks and maximize benefits; respect human dignity, privacy,
and anonymity.
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IV.Rights of Research Participants
1. Human Rights. They are moral principles or norms that describe certain standards
of human behaviour and are regularly protected as natural and legal rights. They
constitute a set of rights and duties necessary for the protection of human dignity,
inherent to all human beings.
2. Intellectual Property. It protects creations of the mind, which have both a moral
and a commercial value.
3. Copyright Infringement. It is the use or production of copyright-protected material
without permission of the copyright holder. Copyright infringement means that the
rights accorded to the copyright holder, such as the exclusive use of a work for a set
period of time, are breached by a third party
Examples:
a. Downloading movies and music without proper payment for use.
b. Recording movies in a theatre
c. Using others’ photographs for a blog without permission
d. Copying software code without giving proper credit
e. Creating videos with unlicensed music clips
4. Voluntary Participation. People must not be coerced into participating in research
process. Essentially, this means that prospective research participants must be
informed about the procedures and risks involved in research and must give their
consent to participate.
5. Anonymity. It is the protection of people’s identity through not disclosing their
name or not exposing their identity. It is a situation in data gathering activities in
which informant’s name is not given nor known.
6. Privacy. It is someone’s right to keep his personal matters and relationships
secret. It is the ability of an individual to seclude him from disturbance of any
research activity.
V. Ethical Standards in Research Writing
Research Misconduct includes fabrication, falsification, or plagiarism. It doesn’t
include honest error of differences of opinion. It can erode trust between researchers
and funding agencies, which make it more difficult for colleagues at the same
institution to receive grants.
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Plagiarism
Plagiarism refers to the act of using another person’s ideas, works,
processes, and results without giving due credit. It should not be tolerated as the
unauthorized use of original works, a violation of intellectual property rights.
Three different acts are considered plagiarism:
1. Failure to cite quotations and borrowed ideas,
2. Failure to enclose borrowed language in quotation marks, and.
3. Failure to put summaries and paraphrases in your own words.
Activity 1: Question and Answer
Directions: Answer the questions briefly. Write your answers on the space
provided.
1. Why is research practical and realistic?
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
2. The first step of research process is to develop your topic or research problem.
What is the importance of considering those factors in selecting a research problem?
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
3. Explain briefly. Research starts with a problem and ends with a new problem.
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
4. What is the purpose of research ethics in doing research work?
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
5. A research can be replicated but not the findings. Why?
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
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What is it?
Discussion of Activity 1
You just learned the characteristics, processes and ethics of research.
1. As a researcher, you can play the role of a member of a research team, can
you identify the processes involved in conducting research and its
characteristics? Enumerate those processes.
2. What are the various research ethics and rights of a research participant
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What’s more?
Read and Analyse
Direction: Read the following articles below and answer the questions that follow
.Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.
Ethics in Qualitative Research
Certain ethical challenges in qualitative research necessitate sustained
attention of two interconnected worlds: the world of the researcher and
the world of the participant. A critical view of some of the ethical
challenges in the participants’ andresearchers’ world reveals that how we
examine both these worlds’ effects how we design our research. In
addition, it reflects the need for researchers to develop an ethical
research vocabulary at the inception of their research life through multiple
modes. The modes may include dialogue in the spoken and written and
visual to affect their aims to adhere to the principles of respect,
beneficence, nonmaleficence, and justice in a way that is mutually
beneficial to the participant and the researcher.1
Further, the deliberations in this paper reveal that a critical conscious
research ethics are embedded in the unfolding research ethics process
involving the participants and the researchers, and both the participant
and researcher add equal weight to the transparency of the ethical
process and add value to building methodological and ethical rigor to the
research.1
The global public health response to COVID-19 could be significantly
enhanced by safe, effective vaccines and treatments, reliable measures
of correlates of immune protection, and improved scientific knowledge of
the disease and its transmission. It is widely agreed that vaccines would
be particularly important, and over 100 candidate vaccines are currently
being developed . Well designed human challenge studies provide one
of the most efficient and scientifically powerful means for testing
vaccines, especially because animal models are not adequately
generalizable to humans.
_____________________
1
Aluwihare-S. (2012). Ethics in Qualitative Research: A View of the Participants’ and
World from a Critical Standpoint. International Journal of Qualitative Methods, 11(2), 1.
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Researchers’
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Challenge studies could thus be associated with substantial public
health benefit in so far as they (a) accelerate vaccine development, (b)
increase the likelihood that the most effective (candidate) vaccines will
ultimately become available), (c) validate tests of immunity, and (d)
improve knowledge regarding SARS-CoV-2 infection and transmission.2
Questions:
1.Based on the article, how will you define ethics in research?
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
2.Are SARS-CoV-2 infection and transmission.study on humans rather than animal
models unethical?
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
3.If you were a part of the research teams conducting such phenomenon, what will
you do to correct the unethical feature of the experiment?
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
What I have learned
Complete the sentence stem below. Write your answers on the space provided.
1. Research process is a step by step procedure that guides the researcher in
conceptualizing and conducting the research. These seven steps are
______________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
2
World Health Organization (2020). Key criteria for the ethical acceptability of COVID-19 .human
challenge studies. WHO/2019-nCoV/Ethics criteria/2020.1
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2. According to Sanchez (2002) research is a continuous undertaking of making
known the unknown. This definition of research leads to common
characteristics of research. Can you elaborate further on this?
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
3. What are some of the ethical codes of research?
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
4. What are some tips to avoid plagiarism when one is conducting research?
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
What I can do
Answer the following question and write your answers on a space provided.
1. How do you characterize good research writing?
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
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2. What is the importance of following the ethical standards in conducting a
research?
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
Additional Activities
Look for a sample of local or foreign research in your own field of
specialization (internet).Evaluate the research if it follows the ethical practices
in conducting research.
Assessment
Direction: Identify what characteristic of a researcher is being referred to in the
following statements. Encircle the letter of the correct answer.
1. An experience researcher should impart knowledge to his or her students.
a. Responsible Publication
b. Non-discrimination
c. Respect for colleagues
d. Social Responsibility
2. The researcher should ensure that the participants will not be adversely affected
by the research and its results.
a. Care
b. Human subjects protection
c. Respect for colleagues
d. Social Responsibility.
3. Any participants to any research activity must not be forced to take part in the
study.
a. Voluntary participation
b. Informed consent
c. Risk of harm
d. Social responsibility
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4. When a paper is already submitted to a publication, no submission to another
should be done.
a. Objectivity
b. Legality
c. Care
d. Responsible Publication
5. The researcher should be fully equipped with research skills when conducting the
study.
a. Confidentiality
b. Competence
c. Legality
d. Openness
6. All the data to be reported should include all facts and accuracy.
a. Honesty
b. Objectivity
c. Competence
d. Care
7. Whatever agreed upon by the participants must be actualized.
e. Integrity
f. Legality
g. Social Responsibility
h. Responsible Publication
8. The researchers should accept all comments and considerations.
a. Openness
b. Respect for intellectual property
c. Non-discrimination
d. Responsible mentoring
9. Informed consent for a participant is best exemplified in which of the following
actions?
a. Talking to him or her privately
b. Surprising him or her with a questionnaire
c. Writing him or her a letter
d. Using a padrino system
10. Confidentiality of a participant is best exemplified in which of the following
actions?
a. Asking the participant to write his or her name in the questionnaire
b. Not mentioning his or her name in the Participants of the study section
c. Introducing himself or herself in an interview
d. Taking his or her picture
____________________
1
This set of questions presented in the post-test are extracted from the work of Cristobal, A.P. &
Cristobal, M.D. (2016).Practical Research 1 for Senior High School. C & E Publishing, Inc. Quezon
City.
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REFERENCES
Abdullah, S.N. (2018) .Practical Research 1: Qualitative Research [PowerPoint
slides].Retrieved from http://www.academia.edu./ppt
Aluwihare-S. (2012). Ethics in Qualitative Research: A View of the Participants’ and
Researchers’ World from a Critical Standpoint. International Journal of
Qualitative Methods, 11(2), 1.
Buenseco, D.B, Dacanay, D.E., Manalo, G.A. (2016).Department of Education
Practical Research 1 . Teachers Guide .Ist ed. Lexicon Press, Inc.Pasig City
Calmorin, L.P. (2016).Research and Thesis Writing with Statistics and Computer
Application. Rev.ed.Rex Book Store.Manila.
Cristobal, A.P., Jr, & Cristobal, M.D. (2016). Practical Research 1 for Senior High
School. Ist ed.C & E Publishing Inc.Quezon City
Sanchez, C.A. (2002).Method and Techniques of Research, (Rev.ed).Philippines:
Rex Printing Co. Inc.
World Health Organization (2020). Key criteria for the ethical acceptability of COVID19 .human challenge studies. WHO/2019-nCoV/Ethics criteria/2020.1
Accessed in June 2020
https://www.slideshare.net/jedliam/meaning-and-characteristics-of-research
https://www3.nd.edu/~pkamat/pdf/ethics.pdf
http://www.niehs.nih.gov/research/resources/bioethics/whatis/
https://www.fhi360.org/sites/all/libraries/webpages/fhiretc2/Resources/RETC2_Test_
and_Evaluations.pdf
Key Answer
10.b
9.c
8.a
Post test
6.d 7.a
5.b
4.d
3.a
2.b
1. d
10.b
9.c
8.a
7.b
5.b
4.d
3.a
2.a
1. d
6.d
Pre-test
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What I know
Direction: Determine whether each word or group of words indicates Qualitative
Research or Quantitative Research.
___________________1.Objective
___________________2.Subjective
___________________3.Naturalistic
___________________4.To validate the already constructed theory
___________________5.Open-Ended Questions
___________________6.Highly-structured Research
___________________7.Hypothesis
___________________8.Multiple Methods
___________________9.Pure words, phrases, sentences, compositions
and Stories are used in data analysis
___________________10.No criteria
____________________
1
This set of questions presented in the pre-test are extracted from the work of Abdullah, S.N.(2018)
Practical Research 1-Pre/Post Test. Retrieved from http:/www.academia.edu.co/preposttest
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Lesson
3
Quantitative and Qualitative
Research
Research has two broad methodologies; qualitative research and quantitative
research. Quantitative and qualitative researches are complementary methods that
you can combine in your research studies to get results that are both wide-reaching
and profound. To get the best results from these methods in your research, it’s
important that you understand the differences between them which you will study in
this lesson.
What’s in?
(
In the previous lessons, you learned that research should be systematic,
objective, feasible, empirical and clear. These characteristics guide you in realizing
the real nature of research following the processes as well as the factors in selecting
your general problem or topic. As a researcher you need to consider the ethics and
unethical practices in conducting research.
What’s New?
I. When to use Qualitative vs. Quantitative Research
Quantitative data can help you see the big picture.
Qualitative data adds the details and can also give a human voice to your survey
results.
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Concept Map showing the Designs of Research.1
DESIGN
TYPES
Ethnography
Experimental Research
Grounded Theory
1. Pre-Experimental
2. True-Experimental
3. Quasi-Experimental
Case Study
Discourse Analysis
Phenomenology
Non-Experimental
Research
Historical Research
(Survey Research)
Narrative Report
1. Descriptive Research
2.Comparative Research
3.Correlational Research
Biography
1. Scholarly Chronicle
2. Intellectual
Biography
3. Life History Writing
4. Memoir Biography
5. Narrative Biography
Action Research
II. Difference: Qualitative Research versus Quantitative Research2
Qualitative
Quantitative
It aims to create new theory The purpose is to test a
based on the gathered data.
hypothesis or theory.
Objective
A fact-finding research used to
gain understanding of individual
differences in terms of feelings
and experiences.
Measures problem using rating
scale and other research
parameters
of
group
similarities.
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Data Description
Sample (size)
Data Gathering
-natural setting
-measurement setting
-making stories out of a certain
phenomenon.
-performs measures out of a
certain phenomenon.
-Uses
pictures,
words,
sentences,
paragraphs,
compositions, narrations and
short stories
- Uses numbers, scales,
hypotheses, calculations,
computations and statistics
tools.
Small judgment (by decision) Large sample representatives
sampling
of population
Unstructured or semi structured Standardized /Structured
(flexible processes)
Uses census, survey
Uses interviews, participant questionnaire, checklist, paperobservation, group discussions. pencil test and
Ex: Case Study, field research
experimentation.
Uses open ended questions.
It is a freeform survey questions
allow a participant to answer in
open-text format, responses are
unlimited to a set of options.
Uses closed ended questions.
This questions can only be
answered by selecting from a
limited number of options,
usually “multiple-choice”, “yes
or no”, or a rating scale
Example:
Guide
questions
interviews
Example:
Strongly agree to strongly
disagree
In quantitative research closed
ended questions are the basis
of all statistical analysis
techniques
applied
on
questionnaires and surveys.
for
the
1. What was your experiences
during quarantine period on the
COVID-19 pandemic? How did
you handle the situation caused
by the pandemic?
2. Was the support of the
National and Local Government
enough for your basic needs?
Did they conduct evaluation for
those who were affected?
Sample Question:
Do you agree on online
modality class in transitioning
the new normal of education?
a. Strongly agree
b. Agree
c. Disagree
d. Strongly disagree
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Activities
Inductive
The researcher starts with the
observations, an open mind
without biases, gathering all
exact details of the topic and
generalization or new theory is
given towards the end of the
research process.
Deductive
Starts from a hypothesis or
already
created
theory
emphasizing the previously
researched phenomenon from
different views (tested against
observations).
Uses both inductive and deductive
They are not mutually exclusive with each other in research.
Data discussions
and Presentation
Inductive method or “bottom-up” is used if the researcher starts
discussions from the lowest and highest means then explains the
overall mean.
Deductive or “top-down “if discussion is from the overall mean
going to the lowest and highest means, deductive.
Opinions are based on
Opinions are based on laws,
experience or observation.
rules, or other recognized
There are no criteria used in
principles.
data discussions.
Synthesize data, interpret, Statistical
thematic.
Subjective
Objective
Data Analysis
Data analysis is influenced by The researcher employs
the personal experiences and
standard criteria in analyzing
views.
data.
Cultivates understanding with Endorse a development.
high validity.
Has high output replicability.
Outcome
There are
formulated.
no
conclusions Conclusion is formulated
towards the end of the research
process.
___________________
1
For more information on these Designs of Research, see Abdullah, S.N. (2018).Practical Research
1: Qualitative Research [PowerPoint slides].Retrieved from http://www.academia.edu./ppt
For more information on “Differentiate Qualitative and Quantitative Research”, see Abdullah, S.N.
(2018).Practical Research 1: Qualitative Research [PowerPoint slides].Retrieved from
http://www.academia.edu./ppt
2
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III. Similarities: Qualitative Research and Quantitative Research
1. Both have the process of inquiry and investigation.
2. Both improve life and help us in understanding various issues of life and in giving
solutions to our problems
3. Both start with a problem and end with a new problem.
4. Both use textual forms in analyzing and interpretation of data.
7. Both use inductive and deductive methods of presenting data.
Activity 1: Question and Answer
Directions: Answer the questions briefly. Write your answers in a separate sheet of
paper.
1. How do you define the two designs of research: qualitative and quantitative?
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
2. What are the differences and similarities between these methods?
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
What is it?
Discussion of Activity 1
You just learned to differentiate quantitative from qualitative research.
1. In one sentence, differentiate a quantitative research from qualitative
research?
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
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2. Tell whether the following statement is a quantitative research or qualitative
research. Explain your answer.
a. Prefer for statistical summary of results.
b. Prefer for narrative summary of results.
What’s more?
Direction: Using a Venn Diagram below, illustrate the differences and similarities
between a quantitative and qualitative method of research by filling in completely the
Venn diagram presented in the next page.
One example is done for you to follow.
Qualitative Research
Quantitative Research
Similarities
Natural
Setting
Both are rigorous &
uses textual form in
data analysis
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Dependent on
statistical tool
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What I have learned
Complete the box by filling out the missing description of qualitative or quantitative
research.
Qualitative Research
Quantitative Research
1.
Dependent on statistical tools
Uses open-ended questions
2.
Inductive in data gathering activities.
3.
4.
Results oriented and highly structured
Uses more flexible processes.
5.
6.
Has high output replicability.
No conclusions formulated.
8.
9.
Uses large sample size.
Data analysis is subjective.
10.
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What I can do
What do the figures below mean? Explain and write your answer below.
Qualitative Research
Quantitative Research
Additional Activities
Decide whether the following topics or research questions is qualitative or
quantitative. Explain why and what is your basis. Write your answers on the
spaces provided.
 Culinary Arts: Then and Now
_____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
 How do the TVL students feel about their chosen strand?
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
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____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
 What is the degree of satisfaction of students taking the different SHS?
Tracks?
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
 The Why and How of Social Networking Use
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
 The Level of Social Media Addiction among the Youth
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
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Assessment
Direction: Determine whether each word or group of words
indicates Qualitative Research or Quantitative Research.
___________________1.Naturalistic
___________________2.To validate the already constructed theory
___________________3.Hypothesis
___________________4.Multiple Methods
___________________5.No criteria
___________________6.Pure words, phrases, sentences,
compositions and stories are used in data
analysis
___________________7.Open-Ended Questions
___________________8.Highly-structured Research
___________________9. Objective
___________________10.Subjective
____________________
1
This set of questions presented in the post-test are extracted from the work of Abdullah,
S.N.2018) Practical Research 1-Pre/Post Test. Retrieved from
http:/www.academia.edu.co/preposttest
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REFERENCES
Abdullah, S.N. (2018) .Practical Research 1: Qualitative Research [PowerPoint
slides].Retrieved from http://www.academia.edu./ppt
Baraceros, E.L. (2016).Practical Research 1. Ist ed. Rex Book Store. Manila
Buenseco, D.B, Dacanay, D.E., Manalo, G.A. (2016).Department of Education
Practical Research 1 Teachers Guide .Ist ed. Lexicon Press, Inc. Pasig City
Calmorin, L.P. (2016).Research and Thesis Writing with Statistics and Computer
Application. Rev.ed.Rex Book Store. Manila
Cristobal, A.P., Jr, & Cristobal, M.D. (2016). Practical Research 1 for Senior High
School. Ist ed.C & E Publishing Inc.Quezon City
Accessed in June 2020
http://www.snapsurveys.com/blog/what-is-the-difference-between-qualitativeresearch-and-quantitative-research/
Key Answer
Pre-test
1. Quantitative Research
2. Qualitative Research
3. Qualitative Research
4. Quantitative Research
5. Qualitative Research
6. Quantitative Research
7. Quantitative Research
8. Qualitative Research
9. Qualitative Research
10. Qualitative Research
Post-test
1. Qualitative Research
2. Quantitative Research
3. Quantitative Research
4. Qualitative Research
5. Qualitative Research
6. Qualitative Research
7. Qualitative Research
8. Quantitative Research
9. Quantitative Research
10. Qualitative Research
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What I know
Modified Identification
Direction: For the following research titles, identify from which field it belongs to by
choosing your answers from the box below. Write only the letter as your answer on
the space provided below each number.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
F.
G.
H.
I.
J.
Science Research
Fisheries research
Information & Communication Technology Research
Arts Based Research
Business Research
Humanities Research
Agriculture Research
Sports Research
Mathematics Research
Social Science Research
_______1 Scouring: Habitat Destruction of Coral Reefs and other Marine Animals
_______2.The Role of Computers in Digital Health Indicators
_______3. Students’ Misconceptions in Calculus
_______4. Making Bricks Out of Paper Strips
_______5.The Influence of Sports Activities on Learners Efficiency in Academics
_______6. Financial Attitude and Practices of Teachers
_______7. Psychosocial Stress Management of Senior High School Students
_______8. Effect of Classroom Environment through Classroom Structuring
_______9. Effect of Green Leaves as Nitrogen Fertilizers on Growth of Selected
Vegetables
_______10.Parenting Needs, Goals and Strategies for Single Parents
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Lesson
The Kinds of Research Across Fields
4
Developing an interest in different kinds of research will help you look into
something that affects your personality or your life in some important way. If you are
interested on a topic you are researching, you will enjoy reading and learning about
it. To define clearly the types of research in areas of interest you want to embark,
focus your scientific skills, your passion and ideas. It supports you to connect to your
career path. The examples of research in areas of interest will lead you to choose
specific topic of your research study which you will be exploring to create new
knowledge.
What’s in?
(
Review
In the previous lessons, you learned about research methods to be used in
your particular field of study. Whatever methods are used, there are many resources
to support research, and any number of variations to the basic methods. Choosing a
method of research that is adaptable in your study as a learner guides you to start
making a decision on what topic you want to pursue.
What’s New?
I. Kinds of Research across Fields
Areas of
Interest
Arts-Based
Research
Description
Example of Studies
Personal expression in various 1.The Role of Arts in Student
art forms is use as a primary Achievement in Reading
mode of inquiry
2.How
Classroom
Artistic
Structure Motivates Learning
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Research in
Humanities
Deals with human culture such 1 Values Education in the Public
as
philosophy,
religion, Schools:
Practices
and
literature,
linguistics
and Challenges
history
2. Children In-Conflict with the
It includes ancient and modern Law:
A
Resolution
and
languages, human geography, Intervention
laws, politics and other social
sciences.
Sports Research
Intended for athletes to endure 1. Student Involvement in
their health and wellness goals Athletics and their Academic
through proven high quality Performance
products.
2.Sports and Fitness Support on
It helps the coaches and Students in Public Schools
athletes to access information
and apply it to develop
programs and techniques in
sports.
Science
Research
Discover
laws,
postulates 1.Utilization of Garbage and
theories that can explain other Waste Resources as
natural or social phenomena.
Cleaning Materials
Applies
systematic
and 2.Making of COVID -19 Cure out
constructed scientific method of Heat Transfer
to obtain, analyze and interpret
data.
A
strong
and
testable
hypothesis is the fundamental
part of the scientific research.
Mathematics
Research
Provides mathematics mastery 1.Student Difficulties in General
topics and helps develops Mathematics: Remediation and
confidence and interest to Interventions
solve
more
mathematical
problems.
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It may also assist to find new 2.A Systemic Approach to
methods
to
simplify Changing Classroom Practices
calculations.
for Enhancing Mathematics
Outcomes
Agriculture
Research
Improves
productivity
and
quality of crops irrigation,
storage methods, effective
farm
management
and
marketing
of
agricultural
resources.
1.Green Space in School: Social
and Environment Perspective
2. Is Urban Gardening as a
Source of Well-Being?
Agriculture is the backbone of
the economic system providing
food,
raw
material
and
employment opportunities.
Fisheries
research
Increase the productivity and
management
of
fishery
resources to provide food:
protect and maintain different
bodies of water for sustainable
supply of aquatic resources.
1.Finding a Future: Sustaining
Inland Fishery
2.Fishing for Change: Fishery
Policy in the Philippines
Information and
Communication
Technology (ICT)
Research
Aim
to
adapt
current 1.The Role of ICT in the New
technology
advancement Normal Education
which enhances development
of resources.
2.Exploring the Interactive
Computer Simulation in Public
Schools
Business
Research
Acquire
information
in
business to maximize the sales
and profit. It aids business
companies regulates which
product or service is most
profitable or in demand.
1.Developing a Framework for
Small Scale Business
2.Business Practices and
Strategies of Small Enterprises
at Limketkai Mall
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Social Science
Research
Finds solutions for human 1.The Impact of COVID-19
behavior gathering information Pandemic on Employment
about people and societies.
Opportunities
2. Implementation of Enhanced
Community Quarantined in Low
Risk Area of Misamis.Oriental.
(Source: Abdullah, S.N. (2018), Practical Research 1-Qualitative.ppt)
Activity 1: Question and Answer
Directions: Answer the questions briefly. Write your answers on the space
provided.
1. What are those kinds of research across fields?
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
2. How do samples of research in different areas of interest help you in writing the
research proposal?
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
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What is it?
Discussion of Activity 1
You just learned the kinds and samples of research in areas of interest. Answer
the following questions on the space provided.
1. What are your views in using the samples of the research papers presented
previously in areas of your interest?
2. Can you write your qualitative research proposal through the use of such pattern
from the sample research paper?
What’s more?
Enrichment Activity
Direction: Compare and Contrast. Write in a separate sheet of paper.
Choose two researches from the different areas of interest like those in the field of
arts, humanities, sports, science, mathematics, business, agriculture, fisheries, ICT
and social science. Be able to differentiate your chosen topics. Highlight their
similarities and differences.
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What I have learned
Identify the specific area of interest for each given topic by writing the letter of
each type in the correct column. Likewise, below the letter representing your answer,
write the importance of such research in your daily life.
Arts-Based
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Humanities
Science
ICT
Digital Age
Child in Conflict with the Law
Classroom Environment
Herbal Medicines
Financial Management
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Business
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What I can do
In the space provided, make a graphical presentation of the type of research
which interest you the most.
Additional Activities
Think of your own topic for research which you would like to work on. Keep in
mind what you have learned from this lesson to justify the specific research type for
each chosen topic. Write your “top two” most interesting topics below.
1)
2)
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Assessment
Modified Identification
Direction: For the following research titles, identify from which field it belongs to by
choosing your answers from the box below. Write only the letter as your answer on
the space provided below each number.
K.
L.
M.
N.
O.
P.
Q.
R.
S.
T.
Science Research
Fisheries research
Information & Communication Technology Research
Arts Based Research
Business Research
Humanities Research
Agriculture Research
Sports Research
Mathematics Research
Social Science Research
_______1. Effect of Classroom Environment through Classroom Structuring
_______2. Effect of Green Leaves as Nitrogen Fertilizers on Growth of Selected
Vegetables
_______3.Parenting Needs, Goals and Strategies for Single Parents
_______4.Scouring: Habitat Destruction of Coral Reefs and other Marine Animals
_______5.The Role of Computers in Digital Health Indicators
_______6. Financial Attitude and Practices of Teachers
_______7. Psychosocial Stress Management of Senior High School Students
_______8. Students’ Misconceptions in Calculus
_______9. Making Bricks Out of Paper Strips
_______10.The Influence of Sports Activities on Learners Efficiency in Academics
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REFERENCES
Abdullah, S.N. (2018) .Practical Research 1: Qualitative Research [PowerPoint
slides].Retrieved from http://www.academia.edu./ppt
Baraceros, E.L. (2016).Practical Research 1. Ist ed. Rex Book Store. Manila
Buenseco, D.B, Dacanay, D.E., Manalo, G.A. (2016).Department of Education
Practical Research 1. Teachers Guide .Ist ed. Lexicon Press, Inc. Pasig City.
Calmorin, L.P. (2016).Research and Thesis Writing with Statistics and Computer
Application. Rev.ed.Rex Book Store
Cristobal, A.P., Jr, & Cristobal, M.D. (2016). Practical Research 1 for Senior High
School. Ist ed.C & E Publishing Inc. Quezon City.
Accessed in June 2020
https://sites.google.com/deped.gov.ph/research1
https://docs.google.com/document/d/17z5_eXy2wp-LDVgBaBrrvIHqLtDJIarMDe0jOi0VX0/edit?usp=sharing
http://www.umsl.edu/~lindquists/qualdsgn.html
https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1KYoixU3L9SerYAYcurbHOZ0IM0Vsdz6z
Key Answer
10.H
9.A
8.I
7.F
6.E
5.C
Post Test
2.G 3.J
4.B
1. D
10.J
9.G
8.D
7.F
6.E
5.H
Pre- Test
2.C 3.I
4.A
1. B
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