HOW CAN WE GUARANTEE THAT YOU WON'T BE A PART OF THE 16 MILLION? OPIOID ADDICTION CONTENT 01 02 BR IEF HISTOR Y 03 04 05 O VER DO SES EFFECTS ON THE HUMAN BODY P R EVENT IO N TR EATMENT HISTORY • Discovery in Ancient Egyptian texts • Derivate of the poppy flower • 19th century - morphine • Heroin, oxycodone, fentanyl, hydrocodone... • Propaganda in the 1980s - crisis • Opioids vs opiates EFFECTS ON THE HUMAN BODY • endorphins vs opioids Receptors • dopamine release opioid high • noradrenaline • larger doses - compensating • more noradrenaline receptors Tolerance • dependence • elimination of extra Abrupt receptors • violent withdrawals Sobriety • high risk of overdose OVERDOSES How? • Use after withdr awal - risky • Standar d dose before - now lethal • Overprescr ibt ions - tight regulations • Early cases vs current cases • Illicit vs legal - lacing with fentanyl • 600,000 deaths related this year - 150,000 directly • Prevention? Treatment? Statistics PREVENTION • binds to receptors • reverses overdose • expensive NALOXONE • tighter regulations • high-risk individuals REGULATIONS TREATMENT • expensive yet effective • complete detoxificat ion • employment loss MAINTENANCE PROGRAMS burprenophine methadone not psychoactive scarce - black market • special waiver • • • • DRUGS • • • • long waiting lists medications health services psychotherapy INPAINTENT PROGRAMS 01 587 49 76 SOURCES • Hser, Yih-Ing, et al. "Long-term course of opioid addiction." Harvard review of psychiatry 23.2 (2015): 76-89 • Azadfard, Mohammadreza, Martin R. Huecker, and James M. Leaming. "Opioid addiction." StatPearls [Internet]. StatPearls Publishing, 2023. • Crist, Richard C., Benjamin C. Reiner, and Wade H. Berrettini. "A review of opioid addiction genetics." Current opinion in psychology 27 (2019): 31-35. • Boddiger, David. "Fentanyl-laced street drugs “kill hundreds”." The Lancet 368.9535 (2006): 569-570. • Fodale, Vincenzo, et al. "Killer fentanyl: is the fear justified?." Expert Opinion on Drug Safety 7.3 (2008): 213-217. THANK YOU FOR LISTENING Živa Pogačnik
