THE EXECUTIVE BRANCH OF GOVERNMENT OBJECTIVE After going through this discussion, you are expected to: - Explain and analyze the roles and powers of the Philippine president. THREE MAJOR FACTORS MAKING RULE IMPLEMENTING RULE INTERPRETATION OF RULE THREE MAJOR FACTORS EXECUTIVE LEGISLAMATE JUDICIAL THE PRESIDENT THE PRESIDENT - The President of the Philippines is elected by direct vote by the people for a term of six years. - He may only serve for one term, and is ineligible for re-election. - The term of the President of the Philippines starts at noon of the 30th day of June after the election. THE PRESIDENT -The regular election for President shall be held on the second Monday of May on the last year of the present president’s term. - The President is required to take the following oath before his/her assumption to office: PRESIDENT'S OATH I do solemnly swear that I will faithfully and conscientiously fulfil my duties as President of the Philippines, preserve and defend its Constitution, execute its laws, do justice to every man, and consecrate myself to the service of the Nation. So help me God. POWERS OF THE PRESIDENT POWERS OF THE PRESIDENT EXECUTIVE POWER POWER OF APPOINTMENT. POWERS OF THE PRESIDENT POWER OF CONTROL MILITARY POWER POWERS OF THE PRESIDENT DIPLOMATIC OR FOREIGN RELATIONS POWER QUALIFICATIONS FOR ELECTION INTO OFFICE 1. natural born Filipino; 2. a registered voter; 3. must be able to read and write; 4. 40 years of age at the day of the election; and 5. must have resided in the Philippines ten years before the election is held. THE LEGISLATIVE BRANCH OF GOVERNMENT OBJECTIVE After going through this discussion, you are expected to: 1. identify the features of the Philippine Senate and House of Representatives in the government; and 2. discuss the roles and responsibilities of the Philippine Senate and the House of Representatives. ESSENTIAL FEATURES OF THE LEGISLATIVE BRANCH OF PHILIPPINE GOVERNMENT - Legislative power shall be vested in Philippine Congress. - By a vote of two-thirds of both Houses in joint session assembled, voting separately, Philippine Congress shall have the sole power to declare the existence of a state of war. - The Senate shall elect its President and the House of Representatives its Speaker, by a majority vote of all its respective Members. - The Senate shall elect its President and the House of Representatives its Speaker, by a majority vote of all its respective Members. - The Senate and the House of Representatives shall each have an Electoral Tribunal which shall be the sole judge of all contests relating to the election, returns, and qualifications of their respective Members. - Philippine Congress confirms or rejects Presidential appointments. COMPOSITION OF THE PHILIPPINE SENATE - Lawmakers in the Senate are called Senators. - The Senate shall be composed of twenty-four (24) Senators who shall be elected at large or nationwide through popular election by the qualified voters of the Philippines, as may be provided by law. - Through synchronized elections, 12 senators are elected every three (3) years. TERMS OF OFFICE OF PHILIPPINE SENATORS - The term of office of the Senators shall be six years and shall commence, unless otherwise provided by law, at noon on the thirtieth day of June next following their election. - No Senator shall serve for more than two consecutive terms. - The regular election of the Senators shall be held on the second Monday of May QUALIFICATIONS OF SENATOR 1. a natural-born citizen of the Philippines; 2. at least thirty-five years old; 3. is able to read and write 4. a registered voter; and 5. a resident of the Philippines for not less than two years before election day COMPOSITION OF THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES - Lawmakers composing the House of Representatives are called Congressmen/Congresswomen. - The House of Representatives shall be composed of not more than two hundred and fifty members, unless otherwise fixed by law, who shall be elected from legislative districts apportioned among the provinces, cities, and the Metropolitan Manila area in accordance with the number of their respective inhabitants. TERMS OF OFFICE OF MEMBERS OF HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES - A Representative can serve for not more than three consecutive terms. - The Members of the House of Representatives shall be elected for a term of three years which shall begin, unless otherwise provided by law, at noon on the thirtieth day of June next following their election. -No Member of the House of Representatives shall serve for more than three consecutive terms. - The regular election of the Members of the House of Representatives shall be held on the second Monday of May. - In case of vacancy in the House of Representatives, a special election may be called to fill such vacancy in the manner prescribed by law, but the Member of the House of Representatives thus elected shall serve only for the unexpired term. QUALIFICATIONS OF MEMBER OF THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 1. a natural-born citizen of the Philippines; 2. at least twenty-five years old; 3. is able to read and write; and 4. except the party-list representatives, a registered voter and a resident for at least one year in the district where s/he shall be elected. LEGISLATIVE PROCESS According to The Official Gazette of the Philippine Government as of July 15, 2020, the Philippine Congress is responsible for making enabling laws. This role is important to ensure that the spirit of the constitution is upheld in the country and laws are essential in regulating the interactions of people among themselves and with the government. The legislative body comes out with two main documents in order to craft laws: bills and resolutions. Resolutions convey principles and sentiments of the Senate or the House of Representatives. These resolutions can further be divided into three different elements: - Joint Resolutions — require the approval of both chambers of Congress and the signature of the President, and have the force and effect of a law if approved. - Concurrent Resolutions — used for matters affecting the operations of both chambers of Congress and must be approved in the same form by both houses, but are not transmitted to the President for his signature and therefore have no force and effect of a law. - Simple Resolutions — deal with matters entirely within the prerogative of one chamber of Congress, are not referred to the President for his signature, and therefore have no force and effect of a law Bills- are laws in the making. They pass into law when they are approved by both houses and the President of the Philippines. A bill may be vetoed by the President, but the House of Representatives may overturn a presidential veto by garnering a 2/3rds vote. If the President does not act on a proposed law submitted by Congress, it will lapse into law after 30 days of receipt. EXCLUSIVE ROLE OF PHILIPPINE CONGRESS The Philippine Congress has an exclusive and a very important role concerning the accountability of public officers as indicated in Article XI of the 1987 Philippine Constitution which can be found at the webpage of The Official Gazette of the Philippine Government. Specifically, the role pertains to the process of removing the President, the Vice-President, the Members of the Supreme Court, the Members of the Constitutional Commissions, and the Ombudsman in their respective positions. This process is called impeachment and shall be grounded on the culpable violation of the Constitution, treason, bribery, graft and corruption, other high crimes, or betrayal of public trust by the above-mentioned public officials. The Philippine Congress has an exclusive and a very important role concerning the accountability of public officers as indicated in Article XI of the 1987 Philippine Constitution which can be found at the webpage of The Official Gazette of the Philippine Government. Specifically, the role pertains to the process of removing the President, the Vice-President, the Members of the Supreme Court, the Members of the Constitutional Commissions, and the Ombudsman in their respective positions. This process is called impeachment and shall be grounded on the culpable violation of the Constitution, treason, bribery, graft and corruption, other high crimes, or betrayal of public trust by the above-mentioned public officials. All cases of impeachment shall be initiated at the House of Representatives. The Senate tries and shall decide on all cases and if the President of the Philippines is facing the impeachment case, the Chief Justice of the Philippine Supreme Court will preside but shall not vote. If the case involves the Vice-President, the Members of the Supreme Court, the Members of the Constitutional Commissions, and the Ombudsman, the Senate President shall preside. No person shall be convicted without the concurrence of two-thirds of all the Members of the Senate. THANK YOU SO MUCH
