The C ivil W a r
a nd R econstruction
Bef ore Civil War
Origin of the conf lict
N orth & South
Nort h
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I ndustry a nd tra de
Urba n(cities with lots of people)
F a vored high ta rif f s
S outh
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Agricultura l(using sla ve la bor)
R ura l(f a rms a nd pla ces without a lot of
people)
Opposed high ta rif f s
P rotected sla very
S upported southern ex ports of
a gricultura l goods
Ca uses
N ort h & Sout h
Sect ional dif f erences
P olitica l strif e
People t o become more loyal t o
t heir region t han t o t he count ry
as a whole.
Ca uses
The Union
S outh ( S la ve sta te )
Nort h( Free st at e )
“ St a t es’ Rig ht ” By Sout her ner s
S ta tes ha d the right to decide if sla very would be lega l or not.
“ Hop es”
I ncrea se the number of sla ve sta tes
The power of the S outh in Congress
Opinions
1.
Slavery should be banned in t he new t errit ories, but permit t ed t o cont inue in areas
where it was already allowed.
2.
Abolit ionist s(the f ederal government t o prohibit t he ownership of people in t he
Sout hern st at es) t hought t hat slavery was wrong and should not be allowed in any
st at e.
How did the conf lict begin
Dred Scot t Decision
I n 1857, a slave named Dred Scot t sued f or his f reedom when his mast er
t ook him int o a f ree t errit ory. The Supreme Court ruled t hat slaves like
Scot t were propert y t hat belonged t o t he mast er and had no legal right s.
The southern sta tes supported the Dr ed Scot t Decision.
But ………..
The N orthern states did not!!!
The Dred Scot t case
divided t he st at es even f urt her.
Abraham L incoln
( 180 9-1865)
“ N o restrictions on sla very in
the sta tes where it a lrea dy
existed, but opposed
permitting it to expa nd to new
sta tes”
—Abraham Lincoln
A pict ure is wort h a t housand words
The Southern States
cla imed
This was unf air and reject ed any f urt her at t empt s t o
limit slavery.
Form & Secede
F rom the United Sta tes
So….t he sout hern st at es est ablished
Confederate States of America
J ef f erson Davis of Mississippi
(1808-1889)
(President of Conf ederat e St at es of America)
Beginning of the Civil War
I n April 1861, t he Conf ederacy launched
the Civil W a r
By Firing on
Fort Sumter,
A federal base in the
harbor of Charleston,
South Carolina
The N orth ha d ma ny a dva nta ges
over the South!
Do you know?
Nort h already have an est ablished army!
I t also had
● S tronger f ina ncia l institutions
● More industry
● G rea ter na tura l resources
● Ma ny more miles of ra ilroa d
However,,,
Most ba ttles were f ought in the S outh,
where southerners ha d the a dva nta ge of
f a milia rity with the loca l terra in.
Lincoln’s E ma ncipa tion Procla ma tion( 1862)
180 ,0 0 0
Former slaves joined t he Union army!
4 Years
and
Cost t he lives of more t he
600,000
men
April 9 1865
The war ended!
The general of
t he Conf ederat e army,
Robert E. Lee,
surrendered t o
t he Union commander,
Ulysses S. Grant .
Reconstruction Plan
That would allow t he sout hern st at es t o rejoin t he Union.
But
Lincoln was assassinat ed by a sout hern sympat hizer
short ly af t er t he war ended……..
Andrew Johnson
( 180 8-1875)
Andrew Johnson(17th President of the U.S)
I n December 1865,
The 13 t h Am end m ent t o t he U.S Const it ut ion – Abolishing S la very .
B eca use of this
• the ra dica l R epublica ns wa nted the S outh to be punished a s a n enemy
• the southern legisla tures ena cted Bla ck Cod es (la w s r est r ict ing t he r ig ht s of Af r ica n Am er ica ns)
• the ra dica ls supported the Fr eed m a n’s Bur ea u, which helped the f reed sla ves
• L a ws protecting the f reedoms of the f ormer sla ves but P resident J ohnson vetoed some of them.
The 14 t h Am end m ent t o t he U.S Const it ut ion – gra nted citizenship to the f ormer sla ves
The 15 t h Am end m ent t o t he U.S Const it ut ion – a llowed a ll men to vote, no ma tter their skin colour