UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA
CAWANGAN KEDAH
FACULTY OF INFORMATION MANAGEMENT
DIPLOMA IN INFORMATION MANAGEMENT (IM110)
IMD 213: ORGANIZATION OF INFORMATION
ASSESSMENT 1
“TOOLS FOR CATALOGUING PROCESS”
PREPARED BY:
NUR SAKINAH BINTI SULAIMAN (2021116737)
GROUP KIM1103C
PREPARED FOR:
MISS ASMA NADIA BINTI ZANOL RASHID
SUBMISSION DATE:
26TH MAY 2022
“TOOLS FOR CATALOGUING PROCESS”
PREPARED BY:
NUR SAKINAH BINTI SULAIMAN (2021116737)
GROUP KIM1103C
DIPLOMA IN INFORMATION MANAGEMENT (IM110)
FACULTY OF INORMATION MANAGEMENT
UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA (UiTM)
CAWANGAN KEDAH
26TH MAY 2022
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Bismillah firstly syukur and alhamdulillah, I am grateful with Allah SWT for his blessings as a
result which I am able to complete this assignment assigned by acknowledge with thanks to
my lecturer, Miss Asma Nadia. Without the involvement and support of many people who
contributed to this project, it will be possible for me to complete it.
Thus, I would like to acknowledge with thanks to the individuals who has guided me during
the process of this assignment. Big thank you to my lecturer, Miss Asma Nadia Binti Zainol
Rashid who help me to complete the assignment.
i
TABLE OF CONTENT
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ........................................................................................................ i
INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................. 1
2.0 DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUING ..................................................................................... 2
2.1 THE OBJECTIVES & THE PURPOSE OF DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE ................... 2
2.2 THE IMPORTANCE OF DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE ............................................... 2
2.3 TOOL USED FOR DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUING: ANGLO AMERICAN
CATALOGUING RULES.................................................................................................... 2
2.3.1 BACKGROUND ..................................................................................................... 2,3
2.3.2 STRUCTURE ....................................................................................................... 3, 4
2.3.3 PROCEDURE................................................................................................... 4, 5, 6
2.3.4 CONCLUSION...................................................................................................... 6, 7
3.0 SUBJECT HEADING ...................................................................................................... 7
3.1 THE OBJECTIVE & THE PURPOSES OF SUBJECT HEADING............................. 7, 8
3.2 THE IMPORTANCE OF SUBJECT HEADING............................................................. 8
3.3 TOOL USED FOR SUBJECT HEADING: LIBRARY OF CONGRESS SUBJECT
HEADING (LCSH) ............................................................................................................. 8
3.3.1 BACKGROUND ........................................................................................................ 8
3.3.2 STRUCTURE ........................................................................................................... 9
3.3.3 PROCEDURE ........................................................................................................... 9
3.3.4 CONCLUSION.......................................................................................................... 9
4.0 CLASSIFICATION ........................................................................................................ 10
4.1 THE OBJECTIVE & PURPOSE OF CLASSIFICATION ............................................. 10
4.2 THE IMPORTANCE OF CLASSIFICATION ............................................................... 10
4.3 TOOL USE FOR CLASSIFICATION: LIBRARY OF CONGRESS CLASSIFICATION 11
4.3.1 BACKGROUND ...................................................................................................... 11
4.3.2 STRUCTURE ..............................................................................................11, 12, 13
4.3.3 PROCEDURE ................................................................................................... 13, 14
4.3.4 CONCLUSION........................................................................................................ 14
REFERENCES ................................................................................................................... 15
ii
1.0 INTRODUCTION
The cataloguing process involves the creation and maintenance of bibliographic and
authority entries in a library's catalogue, database, serials, sound recordings, moving
pictures, cartographic materials, computer files, and e-resources. Descriptive cataloguing,
subject cataloguing, and authority control are three primary actions involved in the
cataloguing process.
Descriptive cataloguing is a procedure that involves identifying and describing an object,
documenting that information in the form of a cataloguing record, and selecting and forming
access points. Anglo American Cataloguing Rules 2 are the instruments used for
descriptive cataloguing (AACR2). Topic cataloguing refers to the process of establishing
which subject idea or concepts are covered by a work's intellectual content. The Library of
Congress Subject Headings (LCSH) and the Sears List of Subject Headings were
employed in this procedure (SLSH). The last procedure is categorization, which is the
methodical organization of catalogue and index entries on shelves by subjects and other
materials in the most beneficial manner for individuals who read or search for a specific
piece of information. The tools used for classification library of Congress Classification
Scheme (LCC) and Dewey Decimal Classification (DDC).
1
2.0 DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE
Descriptive cataloguing is the process of representing resources by capturing their
distinguishing features, naming and titling them to serve as access points. Along with
subject cataloguing, authority work, and encoding, it is an important part of the overall
cataloguing process.
2.1 THE OBJECTIVES & THE PURPOSE OF DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE
The objectives of descriptive cataloguing are to provide information to users rather than
to construct flawless representations. More institutions than ever before are being brought
under the same set of descriptive principles by the worldwide cataloguing standard
Resource Description and Access (RDA). Also, together with recent technological
advancements, suggests that descriptive cataloguing data will be shared and reused more
widely. In addition, the purpose of a descriptive catalogue enables the user to find and
identify a book, by the name of the author, the title, variant titles, etc. Two popular standards
for Descriptive Cataloguing are Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules (AACR) and its
successor Resource Description and Access (RDA).
2.2 THE IMPORTANCE OF DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE
One of the importance of descriptive cataloguing is that it allows a user to locate a
document if the title, author, or subject are known. As a result, users will have no trouble
retrieving materials. Aside from that, it also displays what the library has and assists clients
in making book selections based on edition or character.
2.3
TOOL
USED
FOR
DESCRIPTIVE
CATALOGUING:
ANGLO
AMERICAN
CATALOGUING RULES (ACCR 2)
2.3.1 BACKGROUND
Anglo American Cataloguing Rules is the tool that is used for descriptive cataloguing. It
was created in 1967 and was continuously updated till 2005. AACR2 refers to AACR
improvements and revisions to the standard. The most widely used cataloguing code,
Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules, Second Edition (AACR2), was established for use in
the development of catalogues and other listings in general libraries of all sizes. AACR2 is
a comprehensive set of rules and standards for supplying metadata in a surrogate record
that represents a library resource. The standards encompass fundamental descriptions of
areas like title, publisher, edition, series, and so on, as well as a range of access points
(headings) for any works that a library owns or has access to, such as books, serials,
cartographic materials, electronic resources, and so on. The AACR additionally defines
guidelines for the construction of standard forms of names and titles in order to provide
2
access to and grouping such descriptions. By utilising the same code to represent the
physical properties of library resources in the same way, AACR2 standardised cataloguing
and offered uniformity within and between libraries. The AACR signified a break from
previous cataloguing standards, which were criticised for being unnecessarily complex,
confusing, and nothing more than a set of rules for managing specific bibliographic
occurrences. The Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules are usually considered to be the most
important improvements in descriptive cataloguing procedures in English throughout the
twentieth century.
In 1967, the first Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules (AACR) were released in two editions:
North American Text for the US and British Text for the UK. The American Library
Association (ALA), the Library of Congress, the Library Association (UK), and the Canadian
Library Association collaborated to create AACR. By sharing minutes and working papers,
as well as attending each other's meetings, the American Library Association and the
Library Association collaborated. The Library of Congress also contributed to the
modification of the descriptive cataloguing standards, and the Canadian Library
Association.
2.3.2 STRUCTURE
The principles are based on the operations of cataloguers in most modern libraries and
bibliographic agencies. Part I is concerned with the provision of descriptive information
about the item being catalogued, while Part II is concerned with the determination and
establishment of headings under which the descriptive information will be presented to
catalogue users, as well as the referencing of those headings. Part I and II begin with part
I-I and part II-I, respectively.
Part I – Description
Chapter 1
General rules for description
Chapter 2
Books, pamphlets, and printed sheets
Chapter 3
Cartographic materials
Chapter 4
Manuscripts
Chapter 5
Music
Chapter 6
Sound recordings
Chapter 7
Motion pictures and video recordings
Chapter 8
Graphic materials
Chapter 9
Electronic resources
Chapter 10
Three-dimensional artefacts and realia
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Chapter 11
Microforms
Chapter 12
Continuing resources
Chapter 13
Analysis
Part II – Heading, Uniform Titles, And References
Chapter 21
Choice of access point
Chapter 22
Headings for persons
Chapter 23
Geographic names
Chapter 24
Headings for corporate bodies
Chapter 25
Uniform titles
Chapter 26
Reference
2.3.4 Procedure
Part I – Description
Chapter 1 - General rules for description
It is about generic rules with information
sources. The information sources for a
bibliographic description of a resource are
determined by the feature of the resource
being described. A bibliographic resource
can be part of a bigger resource or not.
Determine whether an element of the
larger resource is being described: the
larger resource or that part of the larger
resource.
Chapter 2 - Books, pamphlets, and printed sheets The rules in this chapter apply to the
description of monographic printed works
that are not cartographic or printed music.
These are books, pamphlets, and single
sheets, and are referred to as printed
monographs in this chapter.
Chapter 3 - Cartographic materials
This chapter's rules encompass the
description of all types of cartographic
materials. All materials that represent the
entire or a portion of the earth or any
4
celestial
body
are
classified
as
cartographic materials.
Chapter 4 – Manuscripts
The principles in this chapter apply to all
manuscript
items,
including
books,
dissertations, letters, speeches, legal
documents, and collections of such
manuscripts.
Chapter 5 – Music
This chapter's regulations deal with how
to
describe
music
that
has
been
published.
Chapter 6 - Sound recordings
This chapter's restrictions apply to sound
recordings on discs, tapes, piano rolls,
and film.
Chapter 7 - Motion pictures and video recordings This chapter's rules apply to all types of
motion pictures and video recordings,
including complete films and programs,
compilations,
trailers,
and
unedited
footage.
Chapter 8 - Graphic materials
This chapter's rules apply to all types of
motion pictures and video recordings,
including complete films and programs,
compilations,
trailers,
and
unedited
footage.
Chapter 9 - Electronic resources
This chapter's rules deal with describing
electronic resources. Data, programme,
or combinations of data and programmes
make up an electronic resource.
Chapter 10 - Three-dimensional artefacts and Models,
realia
dioramas,
games,
braille
cassettes, sculptures, and other threedimensional
artworks,
displays,
machines, and apparel are all covered
under the guidelines in this chapter.
Chapter 11 - Microforms
This chapter's rules apply to all types of
microform
materials.
Microfilms,
microfiches, micro-opaque, and aperture
5
cards are some of the microforms
available.
Chapter 12 - Continuing resources
The rules in this chapter apply to the
description
of
continuous
resources,
whether they are given sequentially or
integrated.
Chapter 13 – Analysis
Analysis
Part II – Heading, Uniform Titles, And References
Chapter 21 - Choice of access point
The rules in this chapter determine which
access points a bibliographic description
should be entered in a catalogue.
Chapter 22 - Headings for persons
In general, use the name by which a person
is recognised as the foundation of a person's
heading.
Chapter 23 - Geographic names
If a place's name has an English variant, use
it.
Chapter 24 - Headings for corporate bodies
Unless the guidelines below provide
otherwise, enter a corporate body under the
name by which it is usually known.
Chapter 25 - Uniform titles
As stated in the principles that follow, create a
consistent title for a work. Put square
brackets around the uniform title.
Chapter 26 - Reference
Refer to the previous part II rules for
instructions. Additionally, follow the directions
in this chapter for more general guidance.
2.3.4 Conclusion
In conclusion, AACR2's second group of rules deals with data extraction and presentation
standards. For example, AACR2 specifies how to convey title information if the title contains
specific characters or is derived from a source other than the primary source. The third set of
AACR2 guidelines for presenting description elements, such as the order in which they
should occur and the punctuation marks that should be used.
6
Rules dealing with the selection of element descriptions based on the kind of document and
its attributes are classified as AACR2 rules. Rules for extracting and presenting data values
for various description elements, as well as rules for presenting description elements, such as
the order in which the elements should appear and the punctuation marks that should be used.
3.0 SUBJECT HEADING
Subject headings are a group of words that summarise the topic of a book or other library
items, such as a serial, sound recording, moving image, cartographic material, manuscript,
computer file, or electronic resource. It is chosen from a topic heading list comprising the
desired subject access words (controlled vocabulary) and added to the bibliographic record
as an additional entry that serves as an access point and allows the work to be searched
and retrieved by the subject from the library catalogue database. In a bibliography and
index, subject headings are also employed. The controlled vocabulary finds synonyms and
chooses one chosen phrase as the topic title from among them. It specifically indicates the
many notions communicated by that word or phrase in the case of homonyms. In brief,
vocabulary control aids in the resolution of issues that arise as a result of the document's
subject's natural language. As a result, if vocabulary control is not applied, various indexers
or the same indexer may use different terms for the same notion at different times while
indexing documents dealing with the same subject, as well as a distinct set of terms when
searching for the same subject. As a result, there would be a mismatch,' which would impair
information retrieval. Cross-references are used with headings to lead the user from terms
that aren't used as headings to the one that is, and from larger and related themes to the
one selected to represent a certain subject.
To add further specificity, a subject title can be subdivided by adding form subdivisions,
geographical subdivisions, chronological subdivisions, and topical subdivisions, or by
adding a parenthetical qualifier.
3.1 THE OBJECTIVE & THE PURPOSES OF SUBJECT HEADING
The purpose of having a subject heading in a cataloguing record is to allow someone
looking for information in the library to search by the themes addressed in those items.
Subject heading lists are used to ensure that the terminology used to describe the themes
or topics covered by the library's items is consistent. Because a list of subject heading
terms has already been established, the cataloguer does not have to think about what word
to use to describe the topic of the item being catalogued the correct word or phrase is
chosen from the list, and consistency is ensured for all items in the library on the same
topic. As a reminder, while categorising things for a card catalogue, a restriction of 1-3 topic
headings was customarily enforced to reduce the number of cards sets and cards that
7
needed to be transcribed and entered into the catalogue. These limitations are no longer
in effect, and cataloguers are allowed to use as many and as varied titles as they think fit
for their collections and patrons' requirements.
3.2 THE IMPORTANCE OF SUBJECT HEADING
The importance of subject heading is they can help to discover related content more
quickly. Searching by subject might be a more accurate way to get the information you
need because it is how a database or catalogue defines a topic. Furthermore, subject
headers are presented as links in many search tools, allowing you to click on them to
access further books or articles on that exact topic.
3.3 TOOL USED FOR SUBJECT HEADING: LIBRARY OF CONGRESS SUBJECT
HEADING (LCSH)
3.3.1 BACKGROUND
The Library of Congress Classification (LCC) is a classification system for libraries that was
created by the Library of Congress. It was created to organize and arrange the Library of
Congress's book holdings in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century. Other libraries,
especially large academic libraries in the United States, followed the concept over the
twentieth century. It is currently one of the world's most extensively used library
classification systems. The system is maintained and developed by the Library's Policy and
Standards Division. More libraries have embraced LCC for both subject cataloguing and
shelf listing in recent decades, thanks to the Library of Congress making its records
available electronically through its online catalogue.
Various feature schemes are in use all around the world. Dewey Decimal Classification
(DDC), Universal Decimal Classification (UDC), and Bliss Bibliographic Classification are
some of the most popular among them, in addition to LCC (BC). The most frequent
classification systems in libraries are DDC and LCC. The LCC system's potential in libraries
has yet to be realized. The different characteristics of LCC and its appropriateness as a
library classification system for classifying library resources are described in this article.
When the American legislators were prepared to relocate from Philadelphia to Washington,
D.C. in 1800, the Library of Congress was founded. Its first classification system was by
size, with accession numbers inside each size group. The library's third catalogue,
published in 1808, indicated expanded divisions for unique bibliographic forms such as
legal documents and executive papers, which was the first recorded modification in the
collection's layout.
8
3.3.2 STRUCTURE
Subject headings may take several forms:
Single word
Dams
Multiple words, direct heading
Data transmission systems
Inverted heading
Art, Medieval
phrase heading
photography of birth
Complex phrases
Infants switched at birth
subdivided heading
library government policy
qualified term
seals (animals)
3.3.3 PROCEDURE
The practice is that in the printed form of LCSH, topic headings that have been approved
for use as subject entries are printed in bold font. Authorized subdivisions are also boldly
printed.
The following symbols are used to codify the relationship between headings:
UF
Used for
BT
Broader topic
RT
Related topic
SA
See also
NT
Narrower topic
USE
Use
Geographic subdivision has not yet been considered for headings without either label. They
might not be segregated by location right now. The status of headings may change as they
are regularly examined.
3.3.4 CONCLUSION
In conclusion, these subject titles, also known as subject descriptors, may not be exactly
what you're looking for. You might, for example, look up autobiographies and Nobel Prize
winners in our database, however, the Library of Congress uses the phrase Personal
Narrative rather than autobiography. You can miss out on some important items if you don't
search for "personal narrative."
9
Subject headers are frequently seen on the publisher's information page of a book, or at or
near the bottom of the page of an online record of a book or article. When duplicated exactly
as printed, the subject heading can be used to find similar books or articles.
4.0 CLASSIFICATION
The process of ordering, grouping, coding, and categorising books and other library
items, such as serials, sound recordings, moving pictures, cartographic materials,
manuscripts, computer files, and e-resources, is known as Library Classification or
Classification. According to their subject in a systematic, logical, and useful order on
shelves or entries in a catalogue, bibliographies, and index by assigning call numbers using
a library categorization system, so that users can discover them as quickly and simply as
possible. The call number has two functions: it specifies a book's shelf location and it groups
volumes on the same subject together.
4.1 THE OBJECTIVE & PURPOSE OF CLASSIFICATION
The main objective of classification is to organise library documents into a logical order for
the benefit of both readers and library employees. Classification puts books in the most
user-friendly arrangement for both users and librarians. Readers should be able to discover
all linked books in one place, and librarians should spend the least amount of time and
effort possible in locating materials. All books on the same subject are grouped together by
classification. Not only so, but books on various parts of the subject are arranged in such a
way that their interrelationships are plainly visible.
The purpose of classification is to allow libraries to organise documents in a way that is
helpful to readers. Classification aids in the organisation of documents in a way that is most
convenient for users and library personnel. The papers should be organised into classes
based on their mutual relationships, bringing together all closely connected classes. The
basic concept is to group similar classes while separating them from dissimilar ones. As a
consequence, the layout should allow the user to get the desired document, resulting in a
useful sequence.
4.2 THE IMPORTANCE OF CLASSIFICATION
Classification is important because it allows for a rational approach to the organisation of
documentary materials. The use of classification allows library users to search shelves for
materials as well as more things on the same or related subjects, as well as to discover
what papers the library has on a certain subject.
10
4.3 TOOL USE FOR CLASSIFICATION: LIBRARY OF CONGRESS CLASSIFICATION
(LCC)
4.3.1 BACKGROUND
The Library of Congress Classification (LCC) is a library classification system created by
the US government. It was created in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century to help
the Library of Congress organize and arrange its book collections. Other libraries,
particularly large academic libraries in the United States, followed the approach over the
twentieth century. It is now one of the world's most extensively used library classification
systems. The system is maintained and developed by the Library's Policy and Standards
Division. More libraries have embraced LCC for both subject cataloguing and shelf listing
in recent decades, as the Library of Congress has made its data available electronically
through its online catalogue.
It was established in 1800, just as the American legislatures were ready to relocate from
Philadelphia to Washington, D.C. Its first classification system was by size, with accession
numbers inside each size group. The library's third catalogue, published in 1808, indicated
expanded divisions for unique bibliographic forms such as legal documents and executive
papers, which was the first recorded modification in the collection's layout.
4.3.2 STRUCTURE
Coverage of broad categories, such as related language and literature groups, is divided
into subclasses.
A
General works (1998)
B – BJ
Philosophy, psychology (2000)
BL – BQ
Religion (General), Hinduism, Judaism,
Islam, Buddhism (2001)
BR – BX
Christianity, bible (2000)
C
Auxiliary science of history (1996)
D – DR
History (general) and history of Europe
(2001)
DS – DX
History Of Asia, Africa, Australia, New
Zealand, (1998)
History: America (2000)
E–F
G
Geography, maps, anthropology, recreation
(2005)
G Tables
Geographic cutter number tables
11
H
Social sciences (2005)
J
Political science (1997)
K
Law (general) (2005)
K Tables
From division tables for law (2005)
KB
Religious law (2004)
KD
Law of United Kingdom and Ireland (1998)
KDZ, KG - KH
Law Of the Americas, Latin America, And
the West Indies (2000)
KE
Law of Canada (1999)
KF
Law of united state (2005)
KJ – KKZ
Law of Europe (2000)
KJV – KJW
Law of France (1999)
KK – KKC
Law of Germany (2000)
KL – KWX
Law Of Asia and Eurasia, Africa, Pacific
Area and Antarctica (2001)
KZ
Law of nation (1998)
L
Education (2005)
M
Music and books on music (1998)
N
Fine arts (1996 new ed. expected 2006)
P – PZ Tables
Language and literature tables
(2004)
P – PA
Philology and linguistics (general). Greek
language and literature. Latin language and
literature (2005)
PB – PH
Modern European language (2005)
PJ - PK
Oriental philology and literature, IndoIranian Philology and Literature (2005)
PL – PM
Languages Of Eastern Asia, Africa,
Oceania
Hyperborean, Indian and Artificial Language
(2001)
Literature (General) (2004)
PN
PQ
French, Italian, Spanish, And Portuguese
Literatures (2004)
English And American Literature, Juvenile
Belles Letters (2000)
PR, PS, PZ
12
PT
German, Dutch, And Scandinavian
Literatures (2005)
Q
Science (2004)
R
Medicine (1999)
S
Agriculture (1996)
T
Technology (1999)
U-V
Military science. Naval science (1996)
Z
Bibliography, library science. Information
resources (2001)
Outline (7th ed., 2003)
A-Z
4.3.3 PROCEDURE
S - Agriculture (1996)
It includes S agriculture (general), SB (plant
culture), SD (forestry), SF (animal culture),
SH (aquaculture, fishing, and angling), and
SK (sport chevalier) (hunting sports).
It has U (military science (general), UA
(armies: organisation, distribution, and
military
situation),
UB
(military
administration), UC (maintenance and
transportation), UD (infantry), UE (Cavalry.
Amor), UF (artillery), UG (military
engineering., air forces), UH (other
services), V (naval science (general), VA
(navies: organisation, distribution, and
naval situation), VB (naval administration)
It has R for medicine (general), RA (public
aspects of medicine), RB (pathology), RC
(Internal medicine), RD (Surgery), RE
(Ophthalmology),
RF
(Otorhinolaryngology), RG (Gynaecology
and obstetrics), RJ (paediatrics), RK
(Dentistry),
RL
(Dermatology),
RM
(Therapeutics. Pharmacology), RT (Nurs
(homeopathy). Other medical systems (RZ)
It has a knowledge base for general
religious law and comparative religious law.
KBU (Law of the Roman Catholic Church),
KBM (Jewish law), KBP (Islamic law), KBR
(History of Canon Law), and KBM (Jewish
law). (The Vatican)
It has AC (Collections, series, and collected
works),
AE
(Encyclopaedias),
AG
(Dictionaries and other general reference
works), AI (Indexes), AM (Museums,
collectors,
and
collecting),
AN
(Newspapers), AP (Periodicals), AS
(Academics and learned societies), AY
U – V Military science. Naval science
(1996)
R - Medicine (1999)
KB - Religious law (2004)
A - General works (1998)
13
PQ - French, Italian, Spanish, And
Portuguese Literatures (2004)
K - Law (general) (2005)
PR, PS, PZ - English and American
Literature, Juvenile Belles Letters (2000)
M - Music and books on music (1998)
PJ – PK - Oriental philology and literature,
Indo-Iranian Philology and Literature
(2005)
(yearbooks, almanacs, directories), and AZ
(history of scholarship and learning).
Humanities.
PQI – 3999 (French literature), PQ4001 –
5999 (Italian literature), PQ6001 – 8929
(Spanish literature), and PQ9000 – 9999
(Portuguese literature) are among the
categories.
It has KK (Germany and West Germany
Law), KKA (East German Law), KKB
(German States and Providence Law), and
KKC (Germany and West Germany
Constitutional Law) (German cities).
PR (English literature), PS (American
literature), and PZ (Fiction and Juvenile
Belles Lettres) are all included.
It contains the letters M, ML, and MT
(Instruction and study)
It has two sections: PJ (Oriental languages
and literatures) and PK (Indo-Iranian
languages and literatures).
4.3.4 CONCLUSION
LCC is a well-known database that has been used by prestigious libraries in the United
States and other nations for many years. LCC's role has evolved over the previous century,
from identifying a library's collections on shelves to perusing them through an online
catalogue, and, more recently, arranging and offering access to electronic and networked
resources.
In the current climate, we can conclude that LCC's potential as a knowledge organisation
system has not been completely realised. As a way of arranging web resources, LCC has
a lot of potentials. It can aid browsing and search restricting and broadening.
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REFERENCES
Studies, L. (2021, June 18). Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules (AACR, AACR2, AACR2R).
Library Ship Studies. Retrieved May 26, 2022, from
https://www.librarianshipstudies.com/2018/12/anglo-american-cataloguing-rulesaacr.html#:%7E:text=AACR%20was%20revised%20in%201978,the%20Chicago%2
0Manual%20of%20Style.
Descriptive Cataloguing: The History and Practice of Describing Library Resources. (2022).
Taylor & Francis. Retrieved May 26, 2022, from
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/01639374.2020.1864693?journalCode
=wccq20#:%7E:text=Descriptive%20cataloging%20is%20the%20process,%2C%20a
uthority%20work%2C%20and%20encoding.
Studies, L. (2020, August 19). Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH). Librarian Ship
Studies. Retrieved May 26, 2022, from
https://www.librarianshipstudies.com/2018/01/library-of-congress-subject-headingslcsh.html
Studies, L. (2020a, June 23). Library of Congress Classification. Librarian Ship Studies.
Retrieved May 26, 2022, from https://www.librarianshipstudies.com/2017/11/libraryof-congress-classification.html
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