नेपाल&
Nepali: A Beginner’s Primer
Conversation and Grammar
Banu Oja
Shambhu Oja
Department of Asian Studies
South Asia Program
Cornell University
Third Edition 2004
with editorial assistance from Mark Turin
i
Table of Contents
page
The Nepali Alphabet
vowels, consonants and their pronunciations
v
Lesson One
personal introduction, the verb ‘to be’ (हन
ु ु : छ and हो forms),
identification of objects and their ownership, polite command form,
introduction of the simple past tense, numbers up to ten
Lesson Two
family members, adjectives, review of lesson one, numbers up to twenty
1
19
Lesson Three
past tense negative, suffix &टा and जना, colours, the taste of foods,
numbers up to thirty
Lesson Four
times of the day, review of past tense (positive and negative),
numbers up to forty
29
43
Lesson Five
liking and disliking, use of को and सँग, numbers up to fifty
51
Lesson Six
पाइ0छ and पाइदैन, shopping, numbers up to sixty
63
Lesson Seven
post office situations, different meanings of the impersonal verb ला4न,ु
infinitive verbs
Lesson Eight
present progressive tense, comparison, familiar commands
Lesson Nine
times: days, weeks, months and years, use of the verb ‘to be able to’
स5न,ु tell and ask the time, structures ...एर and ...एपिछ,
numbers up to seventy
75
87
101
ii
Lesson Ten
to like and feel like (मन पन ु : र मन ला4न)ु , case marker ले, obligatory
structures, present and future conditional clause (if clause), numbers
up to eighty
115
Lesson Eleven
past tense of
छ (िथयो), use of रे, unconjugated past tense ...एको,
133
unconjugated future tense ...ने
Lesson Twelve
adjectival clauses (e.g. आएको
मा0छे , खाने खाना, बःने ठाउँ ), use of को लािग
141
Lesson Thirteen
compound verbs, present perfect tense, review adjectival clauses
153
Lesson Fourteen
past progressive tense, past perfect tense, use of colloquial phrases like
167
खाना साना, मा0छे सा0छे , 5यारन ःयारन, all numbers
Lesson Fifteen
structures ...न ु
भ0दा पिहले and ...दाखेिर, past habitual tense
179
Lesson Sixteen
directions, review of lesson fifteen
191
Appendix A
Nepal’s administrative boundaries
199
Appendix B
verb conjugation tables
203
iii
The Nepali Alphabet
Nepali Vowels:
अ
आ
इ
ई
उ
ऊ
ए
ऐ
ओ
औ
अं
अ:
a
aa
i
ii
u
uu
e
ai
o
au
a
a
_
◌ा
ि◌
◌ी
◌ु
◌ू
◌े
◌ै
◌ो
◌ौ ◌ं◌ँ ◌ः
Nepali Consonants:
consonant + h = aspirated consonant
the half consonant forms are given in parentheses
क (()
ख ())
ग (*)
घ (+)
ङ (-)
ka
kha
ga
gha
nga
च (.)
छ (/)
ज (0)
झ (2)
ञ (3)
cha
chha
ja
jha
ỹa
ट (4)
ठ (5)
ड (6)
ढ (7)
ण (8)
Ta
Tha
Da
Dha
Na
त (9)
थ (:)
द (;)
ध (<)
न (=)
ta
tha
da
dha
na
प (>)
फ (?)
ब (@)
भ (A)
म (B)
pa
pha
ba
bha
ma
य (C)
र (D, )
ल (E)
F (थ)
ya
ra
la
wa
iv
श (ँ)
ष (ं)
स (ः)
sha
sha
sa
ह (K)
L (आ)
ऽ (ऽ्)
P (इ)
ha
kshya
tra
gỹa
Romanized
Linguistic
Pronunciation
अ ( )
a
a
low back
आ (◌ा)
aa
aa
low back
इ (ि◌)
i
ii
front high
ई (◌ी)
ii
ii
front high
उ (◌ु)
u
u
back high
ऊ (◌ू)
uu
uu
back high
ए (◌े)
e
e
mid front
ऐ (◌ै)
ai
ai
dipthong (a+i)
ओ (◌ो)
o
o
mid back
औ (◌ौ)
au
au/aw
dipthong (a+u / a+w)
ं अँ (◌ं/◌ँ)
अ/
a
a
low back (nasal)
अ: (◌ः)
a
a
low back (lengthened)
Devanagari
Vowels:
v
Consonants:
क (()
ka
k
unaspirated voiceless velar stop
ख ())
kha
kh
aspirated voiceless velar stop
ग (*)
ga
g
unaspirated voiced velar stop
घ (+)
gha
gh
aspirated voiced velar stop
ङ (-)
nga
ng
velar nasal
ञ (3)
ỹa
ỹ
palatal nasal
ट (4)
Ta
T
anaspirated voiceless retroflex stop
ठ (5)
Tha
Th
aspirated voiceless retroflex stop
ड (6)
Da
D
anaspirated voiced retroflex stop
ढ (7)
Dha
Dh
aspirated voiced retroflex stop
ण (8)
Na
N
retroflex nasal
त (9)
ta
t
anaspirated voiceless dental stop
थ (:)
tha
th
aspirated voiceless dental stop
द (;)
da
d
anaspirated voiced dental stop
ध (<)
dha
dh
aspirated voiced dental stop
न (=)
na
n
dental nasal
प (>)
pa
p
anaspirated voiceless bilabial stop
फ (?)
pha
ph
aspirated voiceless bilabial stop
ब (@)
ba
b
anaspirated voiced bilabial stop
vi
भ (A)
bha
bh
aspirated voiced bilabial stop
म (B)
ma
m
bilabial nasal
य (C)
ya
y
palatal glide
ra
r
alveolar liquid
ल (E)
la
l
alveolar liquid
F (थ)
wa
w
velar glide
श (ँ)
sha
sh
palatal fricative
ष (ं)
sha
sh
palatal retroflex
स (ः)
sa
s
dental fricative
ह (K)
ha
h
glottal fricative
च (.)
cha
c
unaspirated voiceless palatal stop
छ (/)
chha
ch
aspirated voiceless palatal stop
ज (0)
ja
j
unaspirated voiced palatal stop
झ (2)
jha
jh
aspirated voiced palatal stop
L (आ)
kshya
kshy
complex segment (k+s+y)
ऽ (ऽ्)
tra
tr
complex segment (t+r)
P (इ)
gya
gy
complex segment (g+y)
र (D,
)
Affricates
Non-standard
Lesson 1
पाठ १
(Lesson 1)
भाग १
(Part 1)
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
C:
A:
B:
A:
C:
A:
B:
नमःते ।
नमःते ।
तपाईको नाम के हो ?
मेरो नाम स!झना हो ।
व़हाँको नाम के हो ?
व़हाँको नाम स!झना हो ।
तपाईको घर काहाँ हो ?
मेरो घर अमेिरका हो ।
व़हाँको घर काहाँ हो ?
व़हाँको घर नेपाल हो ।
क्याथीको घर नेपाल हो ?
होईन, व़हाँको घर अमेिरका हो ।
(A)
अनबाद
ु (Translation) :
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
C:
A:
B:
A:
C:
A:
B:
Hello! (greetings)
Hello.
What is your name?
My name is Samjhana.
What is his/her name?
His/Her name is Samjhana.
Where do you come from (literally where is your home)?
I come from America (literally my home is America).
Where does s/he come from?
S/he comes from Nepal.
Does Kathy come from Nepal?
No, she comes from America.
1
2
Nepali: A Beginner’s Primer
(B)
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
यो के हो ?
यो कलम हो ।
यो के हो ?
यो मेच हो ।
Bयो के हो ?
Bयो िकताब हो ।
Bयो के हो ?
Bयो झोला हो ।
अनबाद
ु :
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
What is this?
This is a pen.
What is this?
This is a chair.
What is that?
That is a book.
What is that?
That is a bag.
Lesson 1
(C)
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
यो के हो ?
यो कलम हो ।
यो कःको कलम हो ?
यो मेरो कलम हो ।
Bयो के हो ?
Bयो कापी हो ।
Bयो कःको कापी हो ?
Bयो व़हाँको कापी हो ।
यो िकताब हो ?
होईन ।
यो के हो त ?
यो कलम हो ।
यो घडी हो ?
हो ।
यो तपाईको घडी हो ?
होईन ।
यो कःको घडी हो त ?
यो व़हाँको घडी हो ।
यो तपाईको घडी होईन ?
होईन ।
3
4
Nepali: A Beginner’s Primer
(C)
अनबाद
ु :
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
What is this?
This is a pen.
Whose pen is this?
This is my pen.
What is that?
That is a notebook.
Whose notebook is that?
That is his/her notebook.
Is this a book?
No.
What is this then?
This is a pen.
Is this a watch?
Yes.
Is this your watch?
No.
Whose watch is it then?
This is his/her watch.
Isn’t this your watch?
No.
Lesson 1
Vocabulary :
नमःते
नाम
के ?
घर
हो
हनु ु
काहाँ ?
कलम
मेच
िकताब
झोला
कापी
को ?
कःको ?
घडी
िससाकलम
पञ्जा
किमज
मोजा
जFा
ु
Gयाल
hello, greetings
name
what?
house, home
is
to be
where?
pen
chair
book
bag
notebook
who?
whose?
watch
pencil
gloves
shirt
sock
shoe
window
5
6
Nepali: A Beginner’s Primer
भाग २
(Part 2)
(A)
A:
B:
A:
बानजी
ु ।
हजरु ।
िकताब िलनसु ् । िकताब पढ्नसु ् । िकताब बन्द गनसुर् ् ।
अनबाद
ु :
A:
B:
A:
Hello, Banu!
Yes?
Please take the book. Please read the book. Please close the book.
(B)
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
C:
बानजी
ु ।
हजरु ।
Bयो के हो ?
Bयो िकताब हो ।
Bयो कःको िकताब हो ?
यो मेरो िकताब हो ।
िकताब खोल्नसु ् । तपाईले के गनभयो
ु र् ?
मैले िकताब खोलP ।
िकताब पढ्नसु ् । तपाईले के गनभयो
ु र् ?
मैले िकताब पढP ।
व़हाँले के गनभयो
ु र् ?
व़हाँले िकताब पढ्नभयो
ु ।
Lesson 1
(B)
अनबाद
ु :
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
C:
Banu!
Yes!
What is that?
That is a book.
Whose book is that?
This is my book.
Please open the book. What did you do?
I opened the book.
Please read the book. What did you do?
I read the book.
What did she do?
She read the book.
7
8
Nepali: A Beginner’s Primer
(C)
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
C:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
C:
स!झनाजी ।
हजरु ।
उठ्नसु ् । चक िलनसु ् । िलनभयो
ु ?
िलएँ ।
Uल्याकबोड र् िनर जानसु ् । तपाई काहाँ जानभयो
ु ?
म Uल्याकबोड र् िनर गएँ ।
तपाई ढोका िनर जानभएन
?
ु
होईन । म गईन ।
व़हाँ ढोका िनर जानभएन
?
ु
व़हाँ ढोका िनर जानभएन
ु , Uल्याकबोड र् िनर जानभु यो ।
Uल्याकबोड र्मा तपाईको नाम लेख्नसु ् । तपाईले के गनभु र् यो
मैले मेरो नाम लेख P ।
तपाईले रामको नाम लेख्नभु एन ?
होईन । मैले रामको नाम लेिखन ।
व़हाँले रामको नाम लेख्नभु एन ?
व़हाँले रामको नाम लेख्नभु एन, आफ्नो नाम लेख्नभु यो ।
?
Lesson 1
(C)
अनबाद
ु :
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
C:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
C:
Samjhana!
Yes.
Please get up. Please take the chalk. Did you take the chalk?
Yes, I took it.
Go near (towards) the blackboard. Where did you go?
I went to the blackboard.
You didn’t go near the door?
No, I didn’t (go).
Didn’t s/he go near the door?
S/he didn’t go near the door, s/he went to the blackboard.
Please write your name on the blackboard. What did you do?
I wrote my name.
You didn’t write Ram’s name?
No, I didn’t.
S/he didn’t write Ram’s name?
S/he didn’t write Ram’s name, s/he wrote her/his name.
(D)
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
कल्पनाजी ।
हजरु ।
यो कित हो ?
Bयो सात हो ।
यो कित िन ?
Bयो नौ हो ।
एक देिख दस सम्म गन्नसु ् त ।
9
10
Nepali: A Beginner’s Primer
(D)
अनबाद
ु :
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
Kalpana!
Yes?
How much is this?
This is seven.
And this?
That is nine.
Please count from one to ten.
संख्या
(Numbers) :
१
२
३
४
५
६
७
८
९
१०
एक
दईु
तीन
चार
पाँच
छ
सात
आठ
नौ
दस
Lesson 1
Vocabulary :
हजरु
िलनु
पढ्नु
पढाउनु
िसकाउनु
िसक्नु
बन्द गनु र्
खोल्नु
गनु र्
जानु
आउनु
बःनु
उठ्नु
लेख्नु
ढोका
गन्नु
कित ?
yes (polite response)
to take
to read, to study
to teach
to teach
to learn
to close
to open
to do
to go
to come
to sit
to get up
to write
door
to count
how much?
11
12
Nepali: A Beginner’s Primer
Useful Expressions :
मलाई थाहा छ ।
मलाई थाहा छै न ।
मैले बझ
ु $ ।
मैले बिु झन ।
तपाईले बGनभयो
ु ु ?
तपाईले बGनभएन
?
ु ु
फे िर भन्नसु ् ।
िबःतारै भन्नसु ् ।
माफ गनसुर् ् ।
फे िर भेटgला ।
I know.
I don’t know.
I understood.
I didn’t understand.
Did you understand?
Didn’t you understand?
Please say it again.
Please say it slowly.
I am sorry, excuse me.
See /meet you again. (casual farewell)
Grammar Notes :
1) Basic Nepali sentence structure follows this pattern:
Subject – Object – Verb
व़हाँले िकताब िलनभयो
ु ।
(S/he took the book)
The verb always comes at the end. The root (citation form) of Nepali verbs always
ends in न ु
Examples:
आउनु
लेख्नु
जानु
come
write
go
Lesson 1
13
2) The possessive is made by adding the suffix
को, with the exception of “my”,
“ours”, and “yours” (familiar). The possessive forms of the pronouns you have
learned so far are:
मेरो
तपाईको
व़हाँको
कःको ?
mine
yours (polite)
his/her (polite)
whose?
को
can also be used to show ownership by people or things
Examples:
रामको घर
िकताबको नाम
Ram’s house
the book’s name
3) The polite command or imperative form for the second person is always
the root verb + s
Please come:
Please write:
Please read:
Please go:
तपाई
तपाई
तपाई
तपाई
आउनु + स
लेख्नु + स
पढ्नु + स
जानु + स
=
=
=
=
आउनसु ्
लेख्नसु ्
पढ्नसु ्
जानसु ्
4) The simple past tense conjugation for the pronouns introduced so far has the
following pattern:
root verb minus -nu plus the verbal conjugation ending:
positive (+)
I
you (polite)
s/he (polite)
...एँ
...नभयो
ु
...नभयो
ु
negative (-)
...ईन
...नभएन
ु
...नभएन
ु
14
Nepali: A Beginner’s Primer
Examples:
लेख्नु
(to write)
positive (+)
I
you (polite)
s/he (polite)
लेख P
लेख्नभु यो
लेख्नभु यो
negative (+)
लेिखन
लेख्नभु एन
लेख्नभु एन
There are a few irregular verbs, such as जान ु (to go)
जानु
(to go)
positive (+)
I
you (polite)
s/he (polite)
गएँ
जानभयो
ु
जानभयो
ु
negative (+)
गईन
जानभएन
ु
जानभएन
ु
The verb हन
ु ु (to be) is also irregular and the conjugation will be introduced later.
In addition, if the verb being conjugated in the simple past tense is transitive, the
subject takes ले as a suffix.
Examples:
मैले लेख P
तपाईले लेख्नभु यो
BUT:
म गएँ
(intransitive)
तपाई जानभयो
ु
Lesson 1
Objectives:
By the end of this lesson, you should be able to:
•
•
•
•
•
say hello and introduce yourself
ask about and identify objects around you and their ownership
make polite requests
conjugate the simple past for I, you (polite), and s/he (polite)
count from 1-10
15
16
Nepali: A Beginner’s Primer
Exercises:
Questions:
Ask the following questions in Nepali and answer them:
1) What is your name?
2) Where are you from?
3) Whose shirt is that?
4) Did you teach Nepali?
5) Is that your pencil?
6) Does s/he come from America?
7) Did s/he go home?
Translation:
1) I wrote my name.
2) Didn’t you learn Nepali?
3) That is Paul’s notebook.
4) Did you take the shirt?
5) Please get up.
6) I didn’t teach English.
7) He went towards the window.
8) This is my house.
9) Please sit.
10) She didn’t close the door.
Lesson 1
17
Conjugate in the simple past tense (positive and negative) using I, you and s/he:
िसकाउनु
पढाउनु
सन्ु नु
बःनु
पाठ २
(A)
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
तपाईको नाम के हो ?
मेरो नाम राम हो ।
तपाईको बाको नाम के हो ?
मेरो बाको नाम ँयाम हो ।
तपाईको आमाको नाम के हो ?
मेरो आमाको नाम अमृता हो ।
तपाईको बा-आमाको घर काहाँ हो
मेरो बा-आमा को घर नेपाल हो ।
अनबाद
ु :
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
What is your name (polite)?
My name is Ram.
What is your father’s name?
My father’s name is Shyam.
What is your mother’s name?
My mother’s name is Amrita.
Where do your parents live?
My parents live in Nepal.
?
20
Nepali: A Beginner’s Primer
(B)
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
ितॆो नाम के हो ?
मेरो नाम सहदे व हो ।
ितॆो बाको नाम के हो ?
मेरो बाको नाम अशोक हो ।
ितॆो आमाको नाम के हो ?
मेरो आमाको नाम लआमी हो ।
ितॆो बा-आमाको घर काहाँ हो ?
मेरो बा-आमाको घर नेपाल हो ।
अनबाद
ु :
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
What is your name (familiar)?
My name is Sahadev.
What is your father’s name?
My father’s name is Ashok.
What is your mother’s name?
My mother’s name is Laxmi.
Where do your parents live?
My parents live in Nepal.
21
Lesson 2
(C)
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
C:
Bयो के हो ?
यो कापी हो ।
Bयो कःको कापी हो ?
यो मेरो कापी हो ।
कापीमा तपाईको नाम लेख्नसु ् त । तपाईले के गनभयो
ु र्
मैले नाम लेख P ।
तपाईले कःको नाम लेख्नभु यो ?
मैले मेरो नाम लेख P ।
व़हाँले आफ्नो नाम लेख्नभु यो ?
हो, व़हाँले आफ्नो नाम लेख्नभु यो ।
?
अनबाद
ु :
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
C:
What is that?
This is a notebook.
Whose notebook is that?
This is my notebook.
Please write your name in the notebook. What did you do?
I wrote a name.
Whose name did you write?
I wrote my name.
Did s/he write her/his own name?
Yes, s/he wrote his/her own name.
22
Nepali: A Beginner’s Primer
(D)
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
िजमजी ।
हजरु ?
यो के हो ?
Bयो कागती हो ।
यो के हो िन ?
Bयो केरा हो ।
केरा खानसु ् । तपाईले के गनभयो
ु र्
मैले केरा खाएँ ।
Bयो केरा कःतो छ ?
यो केरा िमठो छ ।
कागती कःतो छ ?
कागती अिमलो छ ।
खोसा)नी कःतो छ ?
खोसा)नी िपरो छ ।
?
अनबा
ु द:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
Jim!
Yes?
What is this?
That is a lime.
And what is this?
That is a banana.
Please eat the banana. What did you do?
I ate the banana.
How does that banana taste?
This banana tastes good.
How does a lime taste?
A lime tastes sour.
How does a red pepper taste?
A red pepper is hot (spicy).
Lesson 2
(E)
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
बेकीजी ।
हजरु ?
जोनको किमज
जोनको किमज
यो जFा
ु कःतो
यो जFा
ु नराॆो
कःतो छ ?
राॆो छ ।
छ?
छ।
अनबाद
ु :
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
Becky!
Yes?
How is John’s shirt (i.e. what is it like)?
John’s shirt is nice.
How is this shoe (i.e. what is it like)?
This shoe is no good.
संख्या :
११
१२
१३
१४
१५
१६
१७
१८
१९
२०
एघार
बा॑
ते॑
चौध
पन्ी
सो॑
सऽ
अठा॑
उण्डाइस
बीस
23
24
Nepali: A Beginner’s Primer
Vocabulary :
बा
आमा
िददी
बिहनी
दाज,ु दाई
भाई
साथी
गtु
आफ्नो
कागती
केरा
खोसा)नी
सन्तला
ु
ःयाउ
िचनी
खानु
िमठो
अिमलो
िपरो
गिलयो
ु
आराम गनु र्
सBु नु
करा
ु गनु र्
भन्नु
राॆो
नराॆो
father
mother
elder sister
younger sister
elder brother
younger brother
friend
teacher
one’s own
lime
banana
pepper
orange
apple
sugar
to eat
tasty
sour
hot
sweet
to rest
to sleep
to talk
to say
good
not good, bad
Lesson 2
Grammar Notes :
1) Nepali has two forms of the verb to be (हन
ु )ु :
हो
हो
and छ
is used to define or identify a person or a thing.
Examples:
मेरो नाम िजम हो
व़हाँको घर अमेिरका हो
Bयो कलम हो
छ
my name is Jim
his/her home is America
that is a pen
is used to qualify or describe the possession, size, shape, taste, color,
etc. of things, or to locate an object.
Examples:
केरा िमठो छ
यो कलम राॆो छ
कलम टे बलमा
छ
ु
the banana is tasty
this pen is good
the pen is on the table
25
26
Nepali: A Beginner’s Primer
For the pronouns you have learned so far, the present tense conjugations of
छ
are as follows:
हो
छ
Positive
Negative Positive
Negative
हँु
होईन
छै न
ितमी
हौ
होईनौ
यो
हो
Bयो
व़हाँ
म
तपाई
छु
हनहन्छ
ु ुु
हनहन्
ु ु ुन
होईन
छ
छै न
हो
होईन
छ
छै न
हनहन्छ
ु ुु
हनहन्
ु ु ुन
हनहन्छ
ु ुु
हनहन्
ु ु ुन
हनहन्छ
ु ुु
हनहन्
ु ु ुन
छौ
Objectives:
By the end of this lesson, you should be able to:
• identify family members
•
use adjectives
•
understand the difference between हो and छ
•
count from 11 to 20
छै नौ
हो
and
Lesson 2
Exercises:
Sentence Completion:
Complete the sentences, using the ‘छ’ or ‘हो’ form :
Bयो कलम ( ) ।
2. मेरो घर अमेिरका (
)।
3. यो कलम िकताब िनर (
)।
4. व़हाँको बिहनीको घर काहाँ (
)
5. Bयो तपाईको िससाकलम (
)?
6. व़हाँ मेरो गt
ु ( )।
7. मेरो साथी ढोका िनर (
)।
8. व़हाँ मेरो दाई (
)।
9. ितमी नेपाली (
)?
10. ःयाउ िमठो (
)।
11. व़हाँको िददीको घर राॆो (
)।
12. व़हाँको नाम के (
)?
13. यो कःको किमज (
)?
14. खोसा)नी िपरो (
)।
15. Bयो िकताब टे बलमा
( )?
ु
1.
?
27
पाठ ३
भाग १
(A)
A:
B:
A:
B:
सन्चै ?
सन्चै छ । तपाईलाई िन ?
मलाई पिन सन्चै छ । िजमलाई कःतो छ िन
व़हाँलाई पिन सन्चै छ ।
अनबाद
ु :
A:
B:
A:
B:
How are you (are you fine)?
Fine. And you?
I am fine too. How is Jim then?
He is also fine.
?
30
Nepali: A Beginner’s Primer
(B)
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
C:
A:
B:
A:
C:
Bयो के हो ?
Bयो खरी हो ।
खरी िलनसु ् त । तपाईले के िलनभयो
ु ?
मैले खरी िलएँ ।
तपाई Uल्याकबोड र् िनर जानसु ् । तपाई काहाँ जानभयो
ु ?
म Uल्याकबोड र् िनर गएँ ।
व़हाँ काहाँ जानभयो
ु ?
व़हाँ Uल्याकबोड र् िनर जानभयो
ु ।
Uल्याकबोड र्मा तपाईको नाम लेख्नसु ् । तपाईले कःको नाम लेख्नभु यो
मैले मेरो नाम लेख P ।
व़हाँले कःको नाम लेख्नभु यो ?
व़हाँले व़हाँको आफ्नो नाम लेख्नभु यो ।
अनबाद
ु :
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
C:
A:
B:
A:
C:
What is that?
That is a piece of chalk.
Take the chalk please. What did you do?
I took the chalk.
Please go towards the blackboard. Where did you go?
I went to the blackboard.
Where did she/he go?
She/he went near the blackboard.
Please write your name on the blackboard. Whose name did you write?
I wrote my name.
Whose name did she/he write?
She/He wrote her/his name.
?
31
Lesson 3
(C)
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
C:
A:
B:
टमजी । िचया खानसु ् त । तपाईले के खानभयो
ु
मैले िचया खाएँ ।
िचया कःतो छ ?
िचया िमठो छ ।
अब िचनी खानसु ् त । व़हाँले के खानभयो
ु ?
व़हाँले िचनी खानभयो
ु ।
िचनी कःतो छ ?
िचनी गलीयो
छ।
ु
अनबाद
ु :
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
C:
A:
B:
Tom. Please drink tea. What did you drink?
I drank tea.
How is the tea?
The tea is good.
Now have some sugar then. What did she/he eat?
She/he ate sugar.
How does sugar taste?
Sugar tastes sweet.
?
32
Nepali: A Beginner’s Primer
(D)
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
यो के हो ?
यो कलम हो ।
यी के हनु ् ?
यी कलम (हt) हनु ् ।
याहाँ कितव़टा कलम छन ् ?
याहाँ चारव़टा कलम छन ् ।
याहाँ तपाईको कलम छ ?
याहाँ मेरो कलम छ ।
तपाईको कलम कनचािहँ
हो
ु
मेरो कलम यो चािहँ हो ।
व़हाँको िन ?
व़हाँको Bयो चािहँ हो ।
अनबाद
ु :
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
What is this?
This is a pen.
What are these?
These are pens.
How many pens are there?
There are four pens here.
Is your pen here?
My pen is here.
Which one is your pen?
This is my pen.
How about his/hers?
That one is his/hers.
?
Lesson 3
(E)
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
Bयो के हो ?
Bयो िकताब हो ।
ती के हनु ् ?
ती िकताब हनु ् ।
Bयाहाँ कितव़टा िकताब छन ् ?
Bयाहाँ दसव़टा िकताब छन ् ।
Bयाहाँ तपाईको िकताब छ ?
Bयाहाँ मेरो िकताब छ ।
तपाईको िकताब कनचािहँ
हो ?
ु
मेरो िकताब Bयो चािहँ हो ।
अनबाद
ु :
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
What is that?
That is a book.
What are those?
Those are books.
How many books are there?
There are ten books.
Is your book there?
My book is there.
Which one is your book?
That one is my book.
33
34
Nepali: A Beginner’s Primer
(F)
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
यो के हो ?
यो कागत हो ।
यो कागतको रu कःतो छ ?
Bयो कागतको रu सेतो छ ।
Bयो के हो ?
Bयो tख हो ।
Bयःको रu कःतो छ ?
Bयःको रu हिरयो छ ।
बानजी
ु , Bयो कःको किमज हो ?
व़हाँको किमज हो ।
व़हाँको किमजको रu कःतो छ ?
व़हाँको किमज रिuचuी छ ।
अनबाद
ु :
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
What is this?
This is a piece of paper.
What color is this paper?
That paper is white.
What is that?
That is a tree.
What color is that tree?
That tree is green.
Banuji, whose shirt is that?
That is her/his shirt.
What color is his/her shirt?
His/her shirt is multicolored.
Lesson 3
(G)
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
यो के हो ?
यो कोठा हो ।
यो कोठामा कितव़टा मेच छन ् ?
यो कोठामा ितनव़टा मेच छन ् ।
यो कोठामा कितव़टा Gयाल छन ् ?
यो कोठामा .....व़टा Gयाल छन ् ।
याहाँ कितजना मान्छे छन ् ?
याहाँ .....जना मान्छे छन ् ।
कोन्यार्लमा कितजना ,ब.ाथ0ह2 छन ् ?
कोन्यार्लमा अन्दाजी सऽ हजार ,ब.ाथ0ह2 छन ् ।
अनबाद
ु :
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
What is this?
This is a room.
How many chairs are there in this room?
There are three chairs in this room.
How many windows are in this room?
There are ...... windows in this room.
How many people are here?
There are ...... people here.
How many students are there at Cornell?
There are about seventeen thousand students at Cornell.
35
36
Nepali: A Beginner’s Primer
भाग २
(A)
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
शम्भजी
ु ।
हजरु ।
Uल्याकबोड र्को तःवीरमा हेनसुर् ् त, याहाँ कितजना मािनस / मान्छे छन ् ?
Bयाहाँ ५जना मािनस छन ् ।
भन्नसु ,् क्याथी कनचािहँ
हो ?
ु
क्याथी Bयो चािहँ हो ।
अनबाद
ु :
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
Shambhu-ji.
Yes.
Would you look at the pictures on the blackboard, how many people are
there?
There are five people.
Tell me, which one is Kathy?
That one is Kathy.
(B)
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
टे बलमा
कितव़टा कलम छन ् ?
ु
टे बलमा
७व़टा कलम छन ् ।
ु
Bयाहाँ तपाईको कलम छ ?
Bयाहाँ मेरो कलम छ ।
तपाईको कलम कनचािहँ
हो ?
ु
मेरो कलम कालो चािहँ हो ।
तपाईको कलम िलनसु ् र खल्तीमा राख्नसु ् । राख्नभु यो
राखP ।
?
Lesson 3
(B)
अनबाद
ु :
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
How many pens are there on the table?
There are seven pens.
Is your pen over there?
Yes, it is there.
Which one is your pen?
The black one is my pen.
Please take your pen and put it in your pocket. Did you do it?
Yes, I did.
(C)
संख्या :
२१
एvाईस
२२
बाईस
२३
तेईस
२४
चौिबस
२५
पच्चीस
२६
छUबीस
२७
सFाईस
२८
अxाईस
२९
उनन्तीस
३०
तीस
37
38
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
Nepali: A Beginner’s Primer
एक देिख तीस सम्म गन्नसु ् । यो कित हो ?
Bयो उनन्तीस हो ।
यो िन ?
Bयो बीस हो ।
यो कित हो िन ?
Bयो सऽ हो ।
Uल्याकबोड र्मा बीस लेख्नसु ् त । तपाईले दस लेख्नभु यो
होईन, मैले दस लेिखन ।
तपाईले कित लेख्नभु यो त ?
मैले बीस लेख P ।
व़हाँले पच्चीस लेख्नभु यो ?
होईन, व़हाँले पच्चीस लेख्नभु एन ।
व़हाँले कित लेख्नभु यो त ?
व़हाँले बीस लेख्नभु यो ।
अनबाद
ु :
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
?
(C)
Please count from one to thirty. How much is this?
That is 29.
And this?
That is 20.
And how much is this?
That is 17.
Would you please write 20 on the blackboard, did you write 10?
No, I did not write 10.
How much did you write then?
I wrote 20.
Did she/he write 25?
No, she/he didn’t write 25.
How much did she/he write then?
She/he wrote 20.
Lesson 3
Vocabulary :
आफ्नो
िपउनु
िचनी
ई, यी
ती
कनचािहँ
?
ु
अन्दाजी
जना, व़टा
कितव़टा ?
कितजना ?
मािनस, मान्छे
गtु
,ब.ाथ0
खल्ती
मेच
रu
रिuचuी
हिरयो
सेतो
कालो
िनलो
रातो
own
to drink
sugar
these
those
which one?
about, approximately
(number classifier)
how many (things)?
how many (people)?
man, person, people
teacher
student
pocket
chair
color
multi-colored
green
white
black
blue
red
39
40
Nepali: A Beginner’s Primer
Grammar Notes :
1) Simple past negative: if the verb is transitive and in the past tense, don’t forget to
add ले with the subject.
मैले लेिखन ।
तपाईले / व़हाँले लेख्नभु एन ।
2)व़टा and
जना
are used as suffixes with numbers when counting inanimate and
animate objects. Usually,व़टा is used for things and animals whileजना is used for
counting people only.
उदाहरणको लािग
(for example) :
मेरो एकजना भाई छ ।
उःको दईुव़टा ककर
ु ु छन ् ।
यो कक्षामा ५व़टा मेच छन ् ।
Objectives:
By the end of this lesson, you should be able to:
• use the simple past negative
•
useव़टा andजना
•
know colors
•
count from one to thirty
Lesson 3
Exercises:
Fill in the blanks:
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
यी के ............ । (to be, ve).
ती िकताब ............ । (to be, ve).
टे बलमा
कितव़टा िकताब ............ ? (to be, ve).
ु
याहाँ कित ........ मािनस छन ् ? (व़टा /जना)
तपाईको कित ........ मोटर छन ् ?
मेरो पिरबारमा चार ....... मािनस ....... ।
41
पाठ ४
(A)
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
सन्चै छ ?
सन्चै छ । तपाईलाई िन ?
मलाई पिन सन्चै छ । आज िबहान तपाई कित बजे उठ्नभयो
ु
आज िबहान म ६ बजे उठP ।
अिन तपाईले के गनभयो
ु र् ?
अिन मैले हात मख
ु धएु ँ र दाँत माझ$ ।
अिन Bयसपिछ तपाईले के गनभु र् यो ?
अिन Bयसपिछ मैले खाजा खाएँ ।
तपाईले कित बजे खाजा खानभयो
ु ?
मैले साढे ६ बजे ितर खाजा खाएँ ।
अिन तपाई कित बजे क्लासमा आउनभयो
ु ?
अिन म ८ बजे क्लासमा आएँ ।
अनबाद
ु :
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
Are you fine?
Yes, I am fine, and you?
I am fine too. What time did you get up this morning?
I got up at six o’clock.
Then what did you do?
Then I washed my hands and face, and brushed my teeth.
What did you do after that?
Then, I had my breakfast.
What time did you eat?
I had my breakfast around 6:30.
Then, what time did you come to the class?
I came to class at 8 o’clock.
?
44
Nepali: A Beginner’s Primer
(B)
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
C:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
C:
A:
C:
िहजो िदउसो दईु बजे तपाई बजार जानभयो
ु ?
िहजो िदउसो दईु बजे म बजार गईन ।
िहजो िदउसो दईु बजे तपाई काहाँ जानभयो
ु त
िहजो िदउसो दईु बजे म क्लासमा गएँ ।
तपाईले क्लासमा के गनभु र् यो ?
मैले क्लासमा नेपाली भाषा िसकP ।
व़हाँले क्लासमा के गनभु र् यो ?
व़हाँले क्लासमा नेपाली भाषा िसक्नभयो
ु ।
िहजो राती तपाई आठ बजे सBु नभु यो ?
अहँ, िहजो राती म आठ बजे सितन
ु ।
िहजो राती तपाई कित बजे सBु नभु यो त ?
म दस बजे सतPु ।
िहजो राती व़हाँ आठ बजे सBु नभु यो ?
अहँ, िहजो राती व़हाँ आठ बजे सBु नभु एन ।
व़हाँ कित बजे सBु नभु यो त ?
िहजो राती व़हाँ दस बजे सBु नभु यो ।
?
45
Lesson 4
(B)
अनबाद
ु :
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
C:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
C:
A:
C:
Did you go to the market yesterday at two o’clock?
No, I didn’t.
Where did you go then?
I went to class at two o’clock.
What did you do in class?
I learned Nepali.
What did s/he do in the class?
He/she learned Nepali.
Did you go to bed at 8 o’clock last night?
No, I didn’t.
What time did you go to bed then?
I went to bed at 10 o’clock.
Did s/he go to bed at 8 o’clock?
No, s/he didn’t go to bed at 8 o’clock.
What time did s/he go to bed then?
Last night s/he went to bed at ten o’clock.
(C)
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
आज िबहान ितमी कित बजे क्लासमा आयौ ?
आज िबहान म ७ बजे क्लासमा आएँ ।
आज िबहान उ कित बजे क्लासमा आयो ?
आज िबहान उ पिन ७ बजे क्लासमा आयो ।
िहजो िदउसो २ बजे हामीले के ग|यg ?
िहजो िदउसो २ बजे हामीले नेपाली िसक्यg ।
अःती बेलका
ु ितमीले साढे ७ बजे खाना खायौ
अःती बेलका
ु मैले साढे ७ बजे खाना खाएँ ।
आज िबहान उनीहt कित बजे उठे ?
आज िबहान उनीहt पौने ६ बजे उठे ।
?
46
Nepali: A Beginner’s Primer
अनबाद
ु :
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
(C)
What time did you come to class this morning?
This morning I came to class at 7 o’clock.
What time did he come to class this morning?
This morning he also came to class at 7 o’clock.
What did we do yesterday afternoon at 2 o’clock?
We studied Nepali at 2 o’clock yesterday afternoon.
What time did you have your supper the night before last?
The night before last, I ate at half past seven.
What time did they get up this morning?
They got up at a quarter of six.
Alos practice negative tense for:
ितमी, हामी, उ, ितनी
(she) र
उनीहt
Comprehension:
रमेशको घर नेपाल हो । व़हाँ अःती अमेिरका आउनभयो
ु । िहजो राती व़हाँले
अमेिरकी खाना खानभएन
ु , दाल भात खानभयो
ु । आज िबहान व़हाँ ६ बजे
उठ्नभयो
ु र सात बजे व़हाँले िचया खानभयो
ु अिन Bयसपिछ क्लासमा आउनभयो
ु
र अँमेजी भाषा िसक्नभयो
ु ।
ूँनहt :
१. रमेशको घर काहाँ हो ?
२. व़हाँ किहले अमेिरका आउनभयो
ु ?
३. िहजो राती व़हाँले अमेिरकी खाना खानभयो
ु ?
४. कन
ु त?
ु खाना खानभयो
५. आज िबहान व़हाँ ६ बजे अठ्नभयो
ु र व़हाँले के के गनभु र् यो
?
Lesson 4
(D)
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
सन्चै छ ?
सन्चै छ । तपाईलाई नी ?
मलाई पिन सन्चै छ ।
तपाई अमेिरका किहले आउनभयो
ु
म अमेिरका ४ बष र् अिघ आएँ ।
तपाई कसरी आउनभयो
ु ?
म हव़ाईजहाजमा आएँ ।
तपाई को सँग आउनभयो
ु ?
म साथी सँग आएँ ।
?
अनबाद
ु :
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
How are you?
I’m fine, how about you?
I’m fine, too.
When did you come to America?
I came to America four years ago.
How did you come?
I came by airplane.
Who did you come with?
I came with a friend.
Practice:
ितमी, उ, व़हाँ, उनीहt, ितनी, हामी, तपाई
47
48
Nepali: A Beginner’s Primer
(E)
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
जोन किहले नेपाल गयो ?
उ ४ िदन अिग / अिघ गयो ।
उ कसरी गयो ?
उ हव़ाईजहाजमा गयो ।
उ को सँग गयो ?
उ उःको साथीहt सँग गयो ।
अनबाद
ु :
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
When did John go to Nepal?
He went four days ago.
How did he go?
He went by airplane.
Who did he go with?
He went with his friends.
संख्या :
३१
३२
३३
३४
३५
३६
३७
३८
३९
४०
एकतीस
बFीस
तेFीस
चgतीस
प•तीस
छFीस
स•तीस
अठ्तीस
उनन्चालीस
चालीस
Lesson 4
Vocabulary :
खाजा
हात
मख
ु
दाँत
अःती
िहजो
आज
भोली
पस€
आजभोली
अचेल
आजकाल
िहजोआज
भोलीपस€
िहजोअःती
अःतीन
snacks
hand
face, mouth
tooth
day before yesterday
yesterday
today
tomorrow
day after tomorrow
nowadays
nowadays
these days
these days
in the near future [later, tomorrow or
the day after, and any time thereafter]
in the immediate past [yesterday, the
day before or a few days before], the
other day
some time in the far past
49
50
Nepali: A Beginner’s Primer
Grammar Notes :
Simple past tense
सBु नु
to sleep
म
तपाई
व़हाँ
ितमी
हामी
उ
ितनी
उनीहt
सतPु / सितन
ु (I slept / I didn’t sleep)
सBु नभु यो / सBु नभु एन
सBु नभु यो / सBु नभु एन
सBयौ
ु / सतेु नौ
सBयg
ु / सतेु नg
सBयो
ु / सतेु न
सितन
ु ् / सितनन
ु
्
सतेु / सतेु नन ्
Objectives:
By the end of this lesson you should able to:
•
•
•
use the simple past tense positive and negative
use times of the day (morning, night, day after tomorrow, etc.)
count to 40
पाठ ५
(A)
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
तपाईको घर नेपाल हो ?
हो ।
तपाई किहले अमेिरका आउनभयो
ु ?
म एक बष र् अिग / अिघ आएँ ।
तपाई कसरी आउनभयो
ु ?
म हव़ाईजहाजमा आएँ ।
तपाई को सँग आउनभयो
ु ?
म साथी सँग आएँ ।
तपाई अमेिरकामा कित बष र् बःनहन्छ
ुु ?
म दईु वष र् बःछ ु होला ।
अिन तपाई काहाँ जानहन्छ
ुु ?
अिहले थाहा छै न, शायद नेपाल फकर्न्छ ु होला ।
अनबाद
ु :
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
Are you from Nepal?
Yes.
When did you come to America?
I came a year ago.
How did you come?
I came by airplane.
Who did you come with?
I came with a friend.
How many years will you stay in America?
I may stay for two years.
Where will you go then?
I don’t know right now, perhaps I will go back to Nepal.
52
Nepali: A Beginner’s Primer
(B)
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
तपाई कन
ुु ?
ु भाषा बोल्नहन्छ
म अँमेजी भाषा बोल्छ ु ।
तपाई अt कन
ुु ?
ु भाषा बोल्नहन्छ
म ृे ञ्च र अिलअिल नेपाली बोल्छ ु ।
तपाई के काम गनहन्छ
ु र् ु ?
म कोन्यार्ल ,बँव,ब.ालयमा नेपाली र समाज शा‚ पढ्छ ु ।
अनबाद
ु :
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
Which language(s) do you speak?
I speak English.
Which other languages do you speak?
I speak French and a little bit of Nepali.
What do you do?
I study Nepali and sociology at Cornell University.
(C)
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
तपाईको भाई छ ?
मेरो भाई छ ।
आजभोली उ काहाँ छ ?
आजभोली उ अमेिरकामा छ ।
उ के काम गछ र् ?
उ ,ब.ाथ0 हो, ःकूलमा पढ्छ ।
उ के पढ्छ ?
उ इितहास र भगोल
पढ्छ ।
ु
उ िहसाब र िब„ान पिन पढ्छ ?
होईन, उ िहसाब र िब„ान पढ्दैन ।
Lesson 5
(C)
अनबाद
ु :
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
Do you have a younger brother?
Yes, I do.
Where is he these days?
He is in America.
What does he do?
He is a student and studies at school.
What does he study?
He studies history and geography.
Does he study math and science as well?
No, he doesn’t study math and science.
(D)
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
तपाईको बा हनहन्छ
ु ुु ?
मेरो बा हनहन्छ
ु ुु ।
िहजोआज व़हाँ काहाँ हनहन्छ
ु ुु ?
आजभोली व़हाँ वािशuटनमा हनहन्छ
ु ुु ।
व़हाँ के काम गनहन्छ
ु र् ु ?
व़हाँ कम्प्यटर
ु अिफसमा काम गनहन्छ
ु र् ु ।
तपाईको आमा हनहन्छ
ु ु ु िन ?
मेरो आमा हनहन्छ
ु ुु ।
व़हाँ के काम गनहु र् न्छ
ु ?
व़हाँ घरको काम गनहु र् न्छ
ु ।
तपाईको बा-आमा कित बष र् हनुभु यो ?
बा ५० (पचास) बष र् र आमा ४७ (सतचालीस) बष र् हनभयो
ु ु ।
तपाई िन ?
म २० बष र् भएँ ।
53
54
Nepali: A Beginner’s Primer
(D)
अनबाद
ु :
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
Do you have a father?
Yes, I have a father.
Where is he these days?
Nowadays he is in Washington.
What does he do?
He works in a computer office.
Do you have a mother also?
Yes, I have my mother.
What does she do?
She does housework.
How old are your parents now?
My father is 50 years old and my mother is 47.
And you?
I am 20 years old.
(E)
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
तपाई िबहान कित बजे उठ्नहन्छ
ुु ?
म िबहान ६ बजे उठ्छ ु ।
तपाई िबहान कफी खानहु न्छ
ुु
ु िक िचया खानहन्छ
म िबहान कफी खान्छ ु ।
तपाईलाई कफी मन पछ र् ?
हो, मलाई कफी मन पछ र् ।
तपाई िबहान दाल-भात खानहन्
ु ुन ?
अहँ, म िबहान दाल-भात खािदन ।
िकन ?
िकनभने िबहान मलाई दाल-भात मन पद: न ।
?
55
Lesson 5
अनबाद
ु :
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
(E)
What time do you get up in the morning?
I get up at 6 o’clock.
Do you drink coffee or tea in the morning?
I drink coffee in the morning.
Do you like coffee?
Yes, I like coffee.
Do you eat daal-bhaat in the morning?
No, I don’t eat daal-bhaat in the morning.
Why?
Because I don’t like daal-bhaat in the morning.
Comprehension:
मलाई दाल-भात मन पछ र् । Bयसकारण, म सध< दाल-भात खान्छ ु । तर
मेरो साथी दाल-भात खादैन, िकनभने उसलाई दाल-भात मन पद: न ।
नेपालीहtलाई दाल-भात मन पछ र्; Bयसकारण, उनीहt सध< दाल-भात
खान्छन ् । अमेिरकनहtलाई दाल-भात मन पद: न; Bयसैले उनीहt अमेिरकन
खाना खान्छन ् ।
Questions:
Answer the following questions:
(१)
(२)
(३)
(४)
(५)
(६)
(७)
(८)
(९)
(१०)
तपाईलाई दाल-भात मन पछ र् िक मन पद: न ?
Bयसोभए, तपाई सध< दाल-भात खानहन्छ
ुु ?
तपाईको साथी पिन दाल-भात खान्छ ?
उ िकन दाल-भात खादैन ?
नेपालीहtलाई दाल-भात मनपछ र् िक मन पद: न ?
Bयसोभए, उनीहt सध< दाल-भात खान्छन ् त ?
तपाईको िबचारमा, अमेिरकनहtलाई दाल-भात मन पछ र् िक
अमेिरकनहtलाई कःतो खाना मन पछ र् त ?
तपाईको बा-आमालाई िपरो खाना मन पछ र् ?
तपाईलाई †ामबग र्र मन पछ र् िक मन पद: न ?
मन पद: न ?
56
Nepali: A Beginner’s Primer
संख्या :
४०
४१
४२
४३
४४
४५
४६
४७
४८
४९
५०
चालीस
एकचालीस
बयालीस
ऽीचालीस
चौव़ालीस
प< ताल>स
छयालीस
सतचालीस
अठ्चालीस
उनान्चास
पचास
Lesson 5
Vocabulary :
हव़ाईजाहाज
बस
रल
े
मोटर
वष र्
अिहले
शायद
फकर्नु
भाषा
बोल्नु
अिलअिल
,बँ?,ब.ालय
समाज शा‚
िहजोआज
,ब.ाथ0
ःकूल
इितहास
भगोल
ु
िहसाब
िब„ान
िहजोआज
िबहान
िदउसो
बेलका
ु
राती
कफी
airplane
bus
train
car
year
now
perhaps
to return (intransitive)
language
to speak
a little
university
sociology
nowadays
student
school
history
geography
math
science
nowadays
morning
afternoon
evening
night
coffee
57
58
Nepali: A Beginner’s Primer
िचया
िपउनु
दाल-भात
tea
to drink
lentil soup and rice, the typical Nepali
meal
Grammar Notes :
1) In Nepali, the same conjugation is used for the simple present, habitual and future
tenses.
For example, the sentence म
or
or
दाल-भात खान्छ ु can mean
I am eating daal-bhat (right now)
I eat daal-bhat (as a habit)
I will eat daal-bhat
To conjugate the verb, drop न ु from the root verb and add:
म
ितमी
तपाई
व़हाँ
ितनी
उ
हामी
उनीहt
Affirmative
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
छु
छौ
नहन्छ
ुु
नहन्छ
ुु
िछन ्
छ
छg
छन ्
Negative
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
िदन
दैनौ
नहन्
ु ुन
नहन्
ु ुन
िदनन ्
दैन
दैनg
दैनन ्
The only variation is in root verbs that end in a vowel before the
नु or if there is a
consonant with a vowel symbol attached directly before the last letter न ु of the root
verb; such as खान ु or जान.ु In such cases, keep the half ( न ् ) when you conjugate in
the present positive tense.
59
Lesson 5
For example, with the verbs
खान,ु जान,ु िलन:ु
म खान्छ;ु ितमी जान्छौ; उनीहt िलन्छन ् ।
मन पनु र् literally means something along the lines of “to fall to mind”, i.e., “to like”.
मन पनु र् is an impersonal verb (it is never conjugated) and the subject always takes
लाई
Present tense :
Positive
मन पछ र्
मलाई दाल-भात मन पछ र्
रामलाई दाल-भात मन पछ र्
तपाईलाई दाल-भात मन पछ र्
Negative
मन पद: न
मलाई दाल-भात मन पद: न
रामलाई दाल-भात मन पद: न
तपाईलाई दाल-भात मन पद: न
Past tense :
Positive
मन प|यो
मलाई दाल-भात मन प|यो
रामलाई दाल-भात मन प|यो
तपाईलाई दाल-भात मन प|यो
2)
सँग
and
को: को
Negative
मन परने
मलाई दाल-भात मन परने
रामलाई दाल-भात मन परने
तपाईलाई दाल-भात मन परने
is used to show ownership or belonging,
indicate possessions which are physically if temporarily present.
मेरो मोटर छ
म सँग कलम छ
उःको भाई छ
उ सँग भाई छ
I have a car
I have a pen (with me)
He has a brother
His brother is with him
सँग
is used to
60
Nepali: A Beginner’s Primer
Objectives:
By the end of this lesson, you should be able to:
•
conjugate the simple past tense for any verb
•
express liking and not liking
•
understanding the difference between को and सँग
•
know and count the numbers up to 50
Exercises:
Translation:
1) She won’t come this evening.
2) They study math.
3) He speaks English.
4) Nowadays I don’t go to the university.
5) When do you (familiar) return?
6) We will discuss that.
7) You don’t read the newspaper?
8) He (polite) rests in the afternoon.
9) She (familiar) writes books.
10) They don’t speak Nepali.
Conjugation:
Conjugate the present tense of तोक्न ु (to decide, to fix) for all pronouns.
Lesson 5
Translation (को
61
/ सँग):
1) That house doesn’t have any windows.
2) Do they have a car?
3) I don’t have my book with me.
4) Is this her house?
5) Does he have an older brother?
6) We don’t have any coffee at the moment.
7) Her mother is with her.
8) Do you have gloves?
Applications:
1) Ask someone when they came to America and how long they will be staying.
2) Confirm that a friend went to New York and then ask how (by what means)
did s/he go? Find out if they liked the city?
3) Describe the members of your family: where they are and what they are
doing.
4) Ask a friend how old the teacher is. Then confirm this with the teacher.
5) Say that you like apples but that your older sister doesn’t.
पाठ ६
(A)
A:
B:
A:
सन्चै ?
सन्चै छ । तपाईलाई िन
मलाई पिन सन्चै छ ।
?
अनबाद
ु :
A:
B:
A:
How are you?
I’m fine. And you?
I am also fine.
(B)
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
तपाई बजार जानहन्छ
ुु ?
हो, म बजार जान्छ ु ।
कित बजे जानहन्छ
ुु ?
म चार बजे जान्छ ु ।
तपाई बजारमा के के िकन्नहु न्छ
ु ?
एउटा झोला र छाता िकन्छ ु ।
अिन बजारबाट कित बजे फकर्नहन्छ
ुु
अिन, ५ बजेितर फकर्न्छ ु होला ।
?
64
Nepali: A Beginner’s Primer
(B)
अनबाद
ु :
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
Are you going to the market?
Yes, I’m going.
What time will you go?
I will go at 4 o’clock.
What will you buy at the market?
I will buy a bag and an umbrella.
What time will you return from the market?
At about 5 o’clock.
(C)
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
शम्भजी
ु ।
हजरु ?
तपाईले िचया खानभु यो ?
हो, मैले खाएँ ।
कंणले
पिन िचया खायो त ?
ृ
अहँ, उसले खाएन ।
िकन खाएन त ?
िकनभने उसलाई िचया मन पद: न ।
उसलाई के मनपछ र् त ?
उसलाई कफी मनपछ र् ।
Bयसोभए, उसले कफी खायो त ?
हो, खायो ।
उसले कफी माऽ खायो िक अt िचज पिन खायो
उसले केक र फल
ु पिन खायो ।
?
65
Lesson 6
(C)
अनबाद
ु :
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
Shambhu!
Yes?
Did you have tea?
Yes, I did.
Did Krishna also have tea, then?
No, he didn’t (drink).
Why didn’t he (drink) then?
Because he doesn’t like tea.
What does he like then?
He likes coffee.
In that case, did he drink coffee?
Yes, he did.
Did he have only coffee or something else as well?
He also ate some cake and an egg.
(D)
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
C:
A:
C:
A:
C:
ए, भाई । ितमी आज ःकल
ू गएनौ ?
आज म ःकल
ू गईन ।
िहजो गयौ त ?
िहजो पिन गईन ।
िकन ?
िकनभने अचेल मलाई सन्चो छै न ।
क्याथी, ितमी ःकल
ू गयौ त ?
म त गएँ ।
ितमीले ःकलमा
के पढ्यौ ?
ू
मैले िहसाब र िब„ान पढP ।
ितमीलाई िहसाब र िब„ान को पढाउनहन्छ
ुु
िपटर सर पढाउनहन्छ
ुु ।
?
66
Nepali: A Beginner’s Primer
(D)
अनबाद
ु :
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
C:
A:
C:
A:
C:
Hey, brother. You didn’t go to school today?
I didn’t go to school today.
How about yesterday then?
Yesterday I didn’t go either.
Why?
Because I am not feeling well these days.
Kathy, how about you then?
I went.
What did you study at school?
I studied math and science.
Who teaches you math and science?
Mr. Peter teaches us.
(E)
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
ए साहजी
ु छ?
ु , चरोट
छ, कन
ु ?
ु चरोट
याक चरोट
ु छ?
याक त छै न, ग•डा माऽ छ ।
एक बˆाको कित पछ र् ?
एक बˆाको तीन tिपयाँ पछ र् ।
हन्छ
ु िदनसु ् र एक बˆा सलाई पिन िदनसु,् है
ु , एक बˆा चरोट
िलनसु ् ।
िदनसु ् । जम्मा कित पैसा भयो ?
जम्मा ितन tिपयाँ बीस पैसा भयो ।
?
Lesson 6
(E)
अनबाद
ु :
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
Hello (Mr. Shopkeeper), do you have cigarettes?
Yes, which (kind of) cigarette?
Do you have ‘Yak’?
No, I don’t have any ‘Yak’, I have only ‘Gaidaa’.
How much does a pack cost?
One pack costs three rupees.
Ok, give me a pack of cigarettes and a box of matches as well.
Please take it.
Please give it to me. How much all together?
Three rupees and 20 paisa all together.
(F)
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
ठमेल टोलमा चीज पाईन्छ ?
पाईदैन ।
ठमेलमा के पाईन्छ त ?
चामल, तरकारी, फलफुल, था‰ा र अt मालसामान पाईन्छ ।
पvा हो ?
पvा हो ।
चीज काहाँ पाईन्छ त ?
डे री फाम र् र न्यरोडमा
पाईन्छ ।
ु
एक िकलोको कित पछ र् ?
एक िकलोको १६० tिपयाँ पछ र् ।
67
68
Nepali: A Beginner’s Primer
(F)
अनबाद
ु :
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
Is cheese available in Thamel Tol?
No, it is not (available).
What is available in Thamel then?
Rice, vegetables, fruits, thankas and other goods.
Really?
Really.
Where is cheese available then?
It is available at the Dairy Farm and on New Road.
How much does a kilo cost?
It costs 160 rupees.
Comprehension:
आज िबहान म र शम्भजी
ु साईकलमा बजार गयg । हामीले तरकारी र केरा
िकन्यg । सन्तला
र भईकटहर
िकनेनg, िकनभने सन्तला
र भईकटहर
पाईएनन ् ।
ु
ु
ु
ु
हामीले चीज पिन िकनेनg , िकनभने Bयाहाँ चीज पिन पाइएन ।
Answer the following questions:
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
आज िबहान हामी काहाँ गयg ?
हामी कसरी गयg ?
हामीले के के िकन्यg ?
हामीले सन्तला
र भईकटहर
िकन िकनेनg
ु
ु
हामीले चीज िकन्यg िक िकनेनg ?
िकन हामीले चीज िकनेनg ?
?
Lesson 6
संख्या :
५०
५१
५२
५३
५४
५५
५६
५७
५८
५९
६०
पचास
एकाउन्न
बाउन्न
ऽीपन्न
चौव़न्न
पच्पन्न
छपन्न
सन्ताउन्न
अण्ठाउन्न
उनन्साठी
साठी
69
70
Nepali: A Beginner’s Primer
Vocabulary :
सन्चै
बजार
पसल
मालसामान
िकन्नु
बेच्नु
छाता
िकन ?
िकनभने
Bयसै
यसोभए
Bयसोभए
उसोभए
यसोभएर
Bयसोभएर
उसोभएर
माऽ
अt
चीज
फल
ु
िहजो
अःती
भोली
पस€
अचेल
साहजी
ु
well, healthy
market
shop, store
things, goods
to buy
to sell
umbrella
why?
because
just because
if so, in this case
if so, in that case
if so, in that case
this being the case, because of this
that being the case, because of that
that being the case, because of that
only
others
stuff, things
egg
yesterday
the day before yesterday
tomorrow
the day after tomorrow
now, these days
shopkeeper (male, term of address)
Lesson 6
साहनी
ु
चरोट
ु
बˆा
tिपयाँ
सलाई
िदनु
िलनु
जम्मा
पैसा
असन टोल
चीज
पाईनु
चामल
तका)र>, तरकारी
फल
फलफल
ु
पvा
पvा हो ?
तर
shopkeeper (female, term of address)
cigarette
pack, packet
rupee(s)
matches
to give
to take
altogether, total
paisa, money
Asan Tol, name of a street in
Kathmandu
cheese
to be available
rice (uncooked)
vegetables
fruit
fruits
real, true
really?
but
71
72
Nepali: A Beginner’s Primer
Grammar Notes :
1)
पाईनु -
to be available
Positive
Negative
Present
पाईन्छ
पाईदैन
Past
पाईयो
पाईएन
उदाहरण:
Bयाहाँ फलफल
ू पाईन्छ
पाईदैन ।
सलाई पाईयो ?
पाईएन ।
?
Is fruit available there?
It’s not available.
Were matches available?
They weren’t available.
2) त has two meanings in Nepali:
a) त ‘then’
उदाहरणको लािग (for example)
उ रामको भाई होईन ।
उ ँयामको भाई पिन होईन ।
उ कःको भाई हो त ?
He is not Ram’s brother.
He is also not Shyam’s brother.
Whose brother is he then?
b) त as for Y, in case of Y.
उ दाल भात खान्छ तर म त
खािदन ।
अमेिरकामा गाईको मासु पाईन्छ
तर नेपालमा त पाईदैन
He eats दाल-भात but I (as for me)
don’t eat it.
Beef is available in America, but as
for/whereas in Nepal it is not
available.
Lesson 6
73
Objectives:
By the end of this lesson, you should be able to:
•
•
buy things, including finding out where they are available and how much
they cost
count from 51-60
Exercises:
Applications
1) Find out if the shop has umbrellas, and if so how much they cost.
2) Ask a friend why they didn’t go to the university yesterday.
3) You need eggs, rice and vegetables so that you can cook dinner tonight. Find
out where they are available and how much they cost from a friend, then go
and buy them.
4) Explain that you aren’t going to buy a shirt right now because you don’t have
any money with you.
5) Explain that since your (younger) sister doesn’t have a bike, she isn’t coming
tomorrow.
पाठ ७
(A)
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
आजभोली तपाई काहाँ बःनहन्छ
ुु ?
म बानेःव़रमा बःछ ु ।
बानेःवर काहाँ िनर छ ?
िडल्लीबजार िनर छ । िकन सोध्नभयो
ु ?
Bयताितर अt डे रा पाईन्छ ?
पाईन्छ, तपाईलाई कःतो डे रा चािहयो ?
दईु ितनव़टा कोठाभएको चािहन्छ ।
ठीक छ, म खोज्छ ु ।
अनबाद
ु :
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
Where are you staying these days?
I live in Baneswar.
Where is Baneswar?
It is close to Dillibazar. Why did you ask?
Are there other apartments available in that area?
Sure, what kind of apartment do you need?
I need an apartment with two or three rooms.
Okay, I will look for one.
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Nepali: A Beginner’s Primer
(B)
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
तपाईलाई के चािहयो ?
एरोमाम र िटकट चािहन्छ, पाईन्छ िक पाईदैन ?
िकन नपाईन,ु पाईन्छ ।
उसोभए, दसव़टा एरोमाम र एक एक tिपयाँको पाँचव़टा िटकट िदनसु ् ।
हस ् ।
जम्मा कित भयो ?
जम्मा १५ tिपयाँ भयो ।
अनबाद
ु :
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
What do you need?
I need aerograms and stamps (tickets), are they available or not?
Why shouldn’t they be? They’re available.
In that case, could you give me 10 aerograms and 5 one rupee stamps.
Okay.
How much is it altogether?
It is 15 rupees total.
Lesson 7
77
Comprehension:
आज हाॆो डे रामा भोज छ । भोजमा धे रैजना मान्छे आउँ छन ् । Bयसकारण
हािमलाई धे रै मास,ु फलफल
ु , िपठो र चीज चािहन्छ । यी चीजबीज बजारमा
पाईन्छन ् तर दही डे री फाममार् पाईन्छ । यी सबै खाना िकन्न अन्दाजी सय tिपयाँ
लाग्छ ।
Answer the following question
1)
2)
3)
4)
आज कःको डे रामा भोज छ ?
भोजमा कितजना मान्छे आउँ छन ् ?
Bयसकारण हामीले के के िकन्नु पछ र् ?
अन्दाजी कित पैसा लाग्छ, होला ?
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Nepali: A Beginner’s Primer
(C)
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
तपाई नेपाल किहले आउनभयो
ु ?
म एक हप्ता अिघ नेपाल आएँ ।
कसरी आउनभयो
ु ?
हव़ाईजहाजमा आएँ ।
तपाई एक्लै आउनभयो
ु ?
एक्लै आईन, धे रै साथीहt सँग आएँ ।
तपाईलाई नेपाल कःतो लाग्यो ?
मलाई नेपाल रमाईलो लाग्यो ।
तपाई नेपालमा कित बःनहन्छ
ुु ?
म दईु बष र् बःछ ु ।
आजभोली के काम गनहु र् न्छ
ु ?
आजभोली म नेपाली भाषा िसक्छ ु ।
तपाई को सँग िसक्नहन्छ
ुु ?
बानु सँग िसक्दैछ ु ।
तपाईलाई नेपाली भाषा सिजलो लाग्यो िक गा॑ो लाग्यो
मलाई नेपाली भाषा गा॑ो लाग्यो ।
अनबाद
ु :
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
When did you come to Nepal?
I came a week ago.
How did you come?
I came by airplane.
Did you come alone?
No, I came with many friends.
How do you like Nepal?
I like it.
How long will you stay in Nepal?
I will stay for two years.
What are you doing these days?
I study Nepali.
With whom do you study Nepali?
I am studying with Banu.
Do you find Nepali easy or difficult?
I find it difficult.
?
Lesson 7
79
(D)
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
तपाईलाई कःतो छ ?
िठकै छ, तर अिलअिल थकाई लाग्यो ।
िकन ?
िकनभने सात घण्टा नेपाली िसकP । Bयसमाथी, क्लासपिछ एक घण्टा सकर
पिन खेल P ।
तपाईले नहाउनभयो
ु ु त?
नहाइन
। जाडो छ, भोली नहाउँ
ु
ु छु ।
भोक लाग्यो ?
हो, भोक पिन लाग्यो ।
खाना कित बजे खानहन्छ
ुु ?
सात बजे खान्छ ु ।
अनबाद
ु :
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
How are you?
Alright, but a little tired.
Why?
Because I studied Nepali for 7 hours. On top of that, I also played soccer for
an hour after class.
Did you bathe then?
No, I didn’t. It is cold, I’ll bathe tomorrow.
Are you hungry?
Yes, I am also hungry.
When will you eat?
I will eat at 7 o’clock.
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Nepali: A Beginner’s Primer
(E)
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
िहजो तपाईहt खाना खान काहाँ जानभयो
ु ?
िहजो ितबेती र•राँ
े ु मा गयg र चाउचाउ खायg ।
तपाईहtलाई चाउचाउ कःतो लाग्यो ?
मलाई त िमठो लाग्यो तर शम्भलाई
ु िमठो लागेन ।
अिन उःले के खायो त ?
अिन उ दाल-भात खान अकC र•राँ
े ु मा गयो ।
उसलाई दाल-भात िमठो लाग्छ ?
हो, उसलाई दाल-भात एकदम िमठो लाग्छ ।
तपाईलाई िन ?
मलाई त दाल-भात Bयित िमठो लाग्दैन, अिलअिल माऽ िमठो लाग्छ ।
अनबाद
ु :
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
Where did you all go to eat yesterday?
We went to a Tibetan restaurant and had noodles.
How did you like it?
I liked it but Shambhu didn’t.
What did he have then?
Then he went to another restaurant for daal-bhaat.
Does he like daal-bhaat?
Yes, he likes it very much.
How about you then?
I (as for me) don’t like it that much, I like it some.
Lesson 7
81
Comprehension:
हामी दईु हप्ता अिघ नेपाल आयg । हामीलाई नेपाल रमाईलो लाग्यो । आजभोली
हामी याहाँ नेपाली िसक्दैछg । िबहान हामी ठीक ६ बजे उठ्छg र खाने करा
ु
खान्छg । Bयसपिछ हामी नेपाली िसक्न क्लासमा जान्छg । हामी एक िदनमा करीब
सात घण्टा नेपाली िसक्छg । अिन हामीलाई थकाई लाग्छ । Bयसोभएर, Bयःपिछ
हामी हाॆो कोठामा जान्छg, एकिछन सuीत सन्छg
ु र आराम गछF ।
Vocabulary :
सोध्नु
जवाफ िदनु
डे रा
कोठा
चािहनु
ठीक छ
खोज्नु
एरोमाम / हव़ाईपऽ
िटकट
हलाक
ु
भोज
मान्छे
Bयसकारण
Bयसोभएर
मासु
पीठो
चीजबीज
दही
सबै
to ask
to answer, to reply
apartment
room
to need, to be needed
is okay, fine
to search, look for
aerogram
ticket or stamp
post office
party, feast
person
therefore, for that reason
because of that, that being the case
meat
flour
stuff, things
yoghurt, curd
all
82
खाना
अन्दाजी
सय
िचŽी
पठाउनु
हप्ता
आउने “X”
गएको “X”
िदन
मिहना
अिघ / अिग
पिछ
एक्लै
काम
सिजलो
गा॑ो
थकाई लाग्नु
घण्टा
नहाउन
ु ु
जाडो
गम€
भोक लाग्नु
चाउचाउ
मोमो
तर
एकदम
किरब
Nepali: A Beginner’s Primer
food
about
hundred
letter
to send
week
the coming “X” (week, month, year)
the past “X” (week, month, year)
day
month
before, ago
after
alone
work
easy
hard, difficult
to feel tired
hour
to bathe, wash
cold (weather)
hot (weather)
to feel hungry
noodles
momos (Tibetan dumplings)
but
very, really
about
Lesson 7
सिuत
Bयित
यित
music
that much
this much
Additional impersonal verbs (see Grammar Notes for explanation):
िनन्िा लाग्नु
अल्छी लाग्नु
खशी
ु लाग्नु
,तखा) लाग्न ु
िदv लाग्नु
अचम्म लाग्न ु
दख
ु : लाग्नु
िपर लाग्नु
खोकी लाग्नु
tघा लाग्नु
थकाई लाग्नु
रमाईलो लाग्नु
भोक लाग्नु
नरमाईलो लाग्नु
िनरास लाग्न ु
to feel sleepy
to feel lazy
to feel happy
to feel thirsty
to feel bored
to feel surprised
to feel sorrow, to feel sad
to feel sorry, to feel sad
to have a cough
to have a cold
to feel tired
to feel pleasant
to feel hungry
to feel unpleasant
to feel frustrated
83
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Nepali: A Beginner’s Primer
Grammar Notes:
1) िकन
न
(verb) = why not / why shouldn’t it be so?
Examples:
िकन नपाईनु ?
िकन नजानु ?
2)
लाग्नु
Why shouldn’t it/they be available?
Why not to go?
is an impersonal verb. It does not have an exact translation. It has different
meanings in different situations. So far, we know four different kinds of
a) To cost or require: बसको
भाडा कित लाग्छ
लाग्न:ु
?
How much does the bus fare cost?
(b) To have: (subject takes लाई, past tense of लाग्न ु is used)
मलाई खोकी लाग्यो
मलाई खोकी लागेको छै न
I have a cough.
I don’t have a cough.
(c) To feel: (subject takes लाई, past tense of लाग्न ु is used for present situation)
लाग्छ Ð लाग्दैन
लाग्यो Ð लागेन
लाग्यो Ð लागेको छै न
लागेकोछ Ð लागेको छैन
future or habitual tense/general use
past tense
present tense
present perfect tense
Feelings are always past tense in Nepali because you feel something first
then you express it:
उसलाई खशी
ु लाग्यो
उसलाई खशी
ु लागेको छै न
मलाई भोक लाग्यो
ितनीलाई भोक लागेको छै न
He feels happy.
He has not felt happy.
I am hungry (I felt hungry).
She is not hungry (she has not felt hungry).
85
Lesson 7
(d) To be: (subject takes लाई, past tense of लाग्न ु is used)
कमलालाई िब„ान गा॑ो लाग्यो
Kamala finds science difficult.
3) The infinitive form is used in a sentence by replacing the “u” of the root verb with
an “a”.
For example, िकन्न ु becomes िकन्न:
म कलम िकन्न गएँ ।
I went to buy a pen.
Objectives:
By the end of this lesson, you should be able to:
•
•
•
handle post offices
use the different meanings of लाग्न ु
use the infinitive verbs
Exercises:
Translation
1) They came two weeks ago.
2) I’m not thirsty right now. Maybe later.
3) Do you have a cold?
4) How much do 2 kilos of rice cost?
5) She (familiar) likes to dance very much.
6) Please give me 5 of the 10 rupee pens.
7) Are they all looking for apartments?
8) He (familiar) didn’t answer because he doesn’t know.
9) Are you (polite) living in Kathmandu?
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Nepali: A Beginner’s Primer
10) Math is easy for her, but she finds history a bit difficult.
11) We are going to Asan Tol.
12) I’m hungry, are you?
Fill in the blanks with िनर, मा, अिघ
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
हलाक
....... िटकट पाईन्छ ।
ु
तपाई Uल्याकबोड र् ...... जानभएन
।
ु
एक हप्ता ....... छˆु ी िथयो ।
एक हप्ता ....... ७ िदन हन्छ
ु ।
मेरो साथीको घर पाहाड ...... छ ।
राम दईु मिहना .... इथका आयो ।
Applications:
1)
A friend has found a possible apartment for you. Find out where it is, how
much it costs a month, and when it will be available.
2)
Explain that because there was a party last night you didn’t sleep much.
That’s why you are sleepy now.
3)
Ask if many people are coming to the party tomorrow and suggest that since
it is very hot, they will be thirsty. Say that for that reason you are going to
the store to buy some stuff. Confirm that it’s okay.
पाठ ८
(A)
A:
B:
A:
C:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
C:
Uल्याकबोड र् िनर जानसु ् । तपाई के गद: हनहGछ
?
ु ु ु
म Uल्याकबोड र् िनर जादैछ ु ।
व़हाँ के गद: हनहGछ
?
ु ु ु
व़हाँ Uल्याकबोड र् िनर जादैहनहन्छ
ु ुु ।
Uल्याकबोड र्मा तपाईको नाम लेख्नसु ् । तपाई के गद: हनहGछ
ु ु ु
म Uल्याकबोड र्मा मेरो नाम लेख्दैछ ु ।
तपाईले के गनभयो
ु र् ?
मैले Uल्याकबोड र्मा मेरो नाम लेख P ।
व़हाँले के गनभयो
ु र् ?
व़हाँले Uल्याकबोड र्मा व़हाँको नाम लेख्नभु यो ।
अनबाद
ु :
A:
B:
A:
C:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
C:
Go near the blackboard. What are you doing?
I am going to the blackboard.
What is s/he doing?
S/he is going to the blackboard.
Write your name on the blackboard. What are you doing?
I am writing my name on the blackboard.
What did you do?
I wrote my name on the blackboard.
What did s/he do?
S/he wrote his/her name on the blackboard.
?
88
Nepali: A Beginner’s Primer
(B)
A:
B:
A:
C:
A:
B:
ितमीहt ढोका बािहर जाउ । ितमीहt के
हामीहt ढोका बािहर जादैछg ।
उनीहt के गद: छन् ?
उनीहt ढोका बािहर जादैछन ् ।
ितमीहtले के ग|यौ ?
हामीहt ढोका बािहर गयg ।
गद: छौ ?
अनबाद
ु :
A:
B:
A:
C:
A:
B:
Go out the door (2nd person familiar plural). What are you doing?
We are going out the door.
What are they doing?
They are going out the door.
What did you (plural) do?
We went out the door.
(C)
A:
B:
A:
B:
िपटर अिहले के गद: छ ?
उ अिहले पढ्दैछ ?
उ के पढ्दैछ ?
उ नेपाली िकताब पढ्दैछ ।
अनबा
ु द:
A:
B:
A:
B:
What is Peter doing now?
He is reading.
What is he reading?
He is reading a Nepali book.
Lesson 8
(D)
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
तपाईको भाई छ ?
छ।
काहाँ छ ?
बःटनमा छ ।
के काम गछ र् ?
उ कलेजमा पढ्छ ।
उ कित बष र् भयो ?
उ बीस बष र् भयो ।
तपाईको बिहनी िछन ् ?
मेरो बिहनी िछन ् ।
तपाईको बिहनी के काम गिछ र्न ् ?
मेरो बिहनी ःकल
ू मा पिढ्छन ् ।
उनी के पिढ्छन ् ?
उनी िहसाब, िब„ान र भगोल
पिढ्छन ् ।
ु
उनी कित वष र् भईन ् ?
उनी पन्ी वष र् भईन ् ।
89
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Nepali: A Beginner’s Primer
(D)
अनबाद
ु :
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
B:
A:
Do you have a younger brother?
Yes.
Where is he?
He is in Boston.
What does he do?
He studies at college.
How old is he?
He is twenty.
Do you have a younger sister?
Yes.
What does your younger sister do?
She studies at school.
What does she study?
She studies math, science and geography.
How old is she?
She is 15.
(E)
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
तपाईको बा-आमा हनहन्छ
ु ुु ?
हनहन्छ
ु ुु ।
काहाँ हनहन्छ
ु ुु ?
अमेिरकामा हनहन्छ
ु ुु ।
तपाईको बा के काम गनहन्छ
ु र् ु ?
मेरो बा ःकल
ुु ।
ू मा पढाउनहन्छ
आमा िन ?
आमा घरको काम गनहन्छ
ु र् ु ?
तपाईको बा-आमा कित वष र् हनभयो
ु ु ?
बा पचास वष र् र आमा प•तालीस वष र् हनभयो
ु ु ।
91
Lesson 8
(E)
अनबाद
ु :
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
Are your parents alive?
Yes.
Where do they live?
They live in America.
What does your father do?
My father teaches in a school.
And your mother?
My mother works at home/she is a housewife.
How old are your parents?
My father is 50 and my mother is 45 years old.
(F)
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
नमःकार शम्भज
ु ु ु
ु ी । तपाई के गद: हनहGछ
म यो िकताब पढ्दैछ ु ।
के िकताब हो ?
उपन्यास हो ।
उपन्यास कःतो छ ?
एकदम चाखलाग्दो छ ।
पिछ मलाई पिन पढ्न िदनसु ् है ?
हन्छ
ु , िदन्छ ु ।
?
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Nepali: A Beginner’s Primer
(F)
अनबाद
ु :
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
Hello, Shambhu. What are you doing?
I am reading this book.
What kind of book is it?
It’s a novel.
What’s it like?
It is very interesting.
Later could you give it to me to read?
Yes, I’ll give it to you.
(G)
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
जन कन
ु भाषा बोल्छ ?
उ अँमेजी भाषा बोल्छ ।
आजभोली उ कन
ु भाषा िसक्दैछ ?
आजभोली उ नेपाली भाषा िसक्दैछ ।
उ शम्भु सँग िसक्दैछ ?
होईन, उ बानु सँग िसक्दैछ ।
एक िदनमा कित घण्टा िसक्छ त ?
उ ६ घण्टा करा
ु गन र् र एक घण्टा लेख्न पढ्न िसक्छ ।
अनबाद
ु :
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
What language does John speak?
He speaks English.
What language is he studying these days?
He is studying Nepali.
Is he studying with Shambhu?
No, he is studying with Banu.
How many hours a day does he study?
He has six hours of conversation class and one hour of reading and writing.
Lesson 8
(H)
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
तपाईको घर काहाँ हो ?
मेरो घर नेपाल हो ।
तपाईको घर शहरमा छ िक गाउँ मा छ ?
मेरो घर गाउँ मा छ ।
तपाईको गाउँ सानो छ िक ठलो
ू छ?
मेरो गाउँ ठलो
ू छ।
तपाईको गाउँ सफा छ िक फोहर छ ?
मेरो गाउँ Bयित सफा छै न, अिलअिल सफा छ ।
रमाईलो छ ?
रमाईलो छ ।
तपाईको गाउँ मा कितजना मािनस छन ् ?
अन्दाजी दस हजारजना मािनस छन ् ।
अनबाद
ु :
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
Where are you from?
I am from Nepal.
Do you live in a city or a village?
I live in a village.
Is your village small or big?
My village is big.
Is your village clean or dirty?
My village isn’t that clean, it’s fairly clean.
Is it pleasant?
Yes, it is pleasant.
How many people are there in your village?
There are about 10,000 people.
93
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Nepali: A Beginner’s Primer
(I)
देबको ऊचाई साढे ६ िफट छ ।
शम्भको
ु ऊचाई पाँच िफट ६ ईन्च छ ।
हरीको ऊचाई पाँच िफट ४ ईन्च छ ।
हरी भन्दा शम्भु अग्लो छ ।
शम्भु भन्दा दे ब अग्लो छ ।
हरी, देब भन्दा होचो छ ।
अनबाद
ु :
Dev is six and a half feet tall.
Shambhu is five feet six inches tall.
Hari is five feet four inches tall.
Shambhu is taller than Hari.
Dev is taller than Shambhu.
Hari is shorter than Dev.
(J)
A:
B:
A:
B:
नाईल नदी भन्दा िमिसिसपी नदी छोटो छ िक लामो छ ?
नाईल नदी भन्दा िमिसिसपी नदी छोटो छ ।
नाईल नदी भन्दा आमजन नदी लामो छ िक छोटो छ ?
आमजन नदी, नाईल नदी भन्दा छोटो छ ।
अनबाद
ु :
A:
B:
A:
B:
Is the Mississippi River shorter or longer than the Nile River?
The Mississippi is shorter than the Nile.
Is the Amazon longer or shorter than the Nile?
The Amazon is shorter than the Nile.
Lesson 8
(K)
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
संसारको सUभन्दा अग्लो पहाड कन
ु हो ?
संसारको सUभन्दा अग्लो पहाड सगरमाथा हो ।
संसारको सUभन्दा लामो नदी कन
ु हो ?
संसारको सUभन्दा लामो नदी नाईल हो ।
संसारमा सUभन्दा धे रै मािनस कन
ु दे शमा छन ् ?
संसारमा सUभन्दा धे रै मािनस िचनमा छन ् ।
अनबाद
ु :
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
Which is the tallest mountain in the world?
The tallest mountain in the world is Everest.
Which river is the longest in the world?
The longest river in the world is the Nile.
Which is the most populous country in the world?
China is the most populous country in the world.
95
96
Nepali: A Beginner’s Primer
Vocabulary :
बािहर
िभऽ
नमःकार
चाखलाग्दो
शहर
गाउँ
िक
सानो
ठलो
ू
सफा
फोहर
हजार
मािनस
ऊचाई
साढे
अग्लो
होचो
नदी
छोटो
लामो
संसार
पहाड
outside
inside
alternate form of
नमःते
interesting
city
village
or
small
big
clean
dirty
thousand
people, person
height
plus one-half (for telling time साढे
tall
short (height)
river
short (length)
long
world
mountain, hill
चार = 4:30)
97
Lesson 8
Grammar Notes :
1) The present progressive tense is made by dropping
adding दै
+ the appropriate conjugation of छ :
नु
from the root verb and
Example:
म खादैछ ु
तपाई खादैहनहन्छ
ु ुु
उ खादैछ
I am eating.
You are eating.
He is eating.
See the table at the end of this book for the complete conjugation.
There is no negative form of the present progressive, although you may occasionally
hear it in spoken Nepali. To give a negative response to a question, simply negate
the question with होईन and then say what you are doing.
Example:
2)
ितमी
तपाई पढ्दैहनहन्छ
ु ुु ?
होईन, म लेख्दैछ ु ।
Are you reading?
No, I’m writing.
(the “familiar second person”) command or imperative form has two
patterns:
-if the root verb minus न ु ends in a vowel, drop the न ु and add उ
उदाहरण:
खानु
जानु
िसकाउनु
→
→
→
ितमी खाउ
ितमी जाउ
ितमी िसकाउ
-if the root verb minus न ु ends in a consonant, drop the न ु and add अ
98
Nepali: A Beginner’s Primer
उदाहरण:
लेख्नु
हेनु र्
→
→
3) भन्दा and सबभन्दा
भन्दा
ितमी लेख
ितमी हेर
/ सबैभन्दा
is used for comparing two things, similar to “than.” There are two possible
sentence structures with the same meaning:
X भन्दा Y “adj.” छ
or
Y, X भन्दा, “adj.” छ
Example:
न्ययोकर्
भन्दा ईथका सानो छ ।
ू
अथबा
ईथका, न्ययोकर्
भन्दा सानो छ ।
ू
Ithaca is smaller than New York.
हरी, राम भन्दा होचो छ ।
अथबा
राम भन्दा हरी होचो छ ।
Hari is shorter than Ram.
सUभन्दा (सबै+भन्दा)
means “compared to all” and is used to make superlative
comparisons (“the — est”). सUभन्दा should always be followed by an adjective.
Lesson 8
उदाहरण:
Bयो मोटर सUभन्दा नराॆो छ ।
उ सUभन्दा बिलयो मान्छे हो ।
That is the worst car.
He is the strongest person.
Objectives:
By the end of this lesson you should be able to:
•
•
•
conjugate and use the present progressive tense
compare things
use the 2nd person familiar command
Exercises:
Translation:
1) I am going to the store.
2) Ithaca is cleaner than New York City.
3) Younger sister, buy some yoghurt from the dairy farm.
4) My younger brother is taller than I am.
5) Oranges are sweeter than limes.
6) He (familiar) is asking the teacher.
7) Are they working in the city?
8) Thai food is the hottest in the world.
9) She (polite) is looking for her book.
10) We are cleaning our apartment.
11) Come inside, younger brother.
12) Are you living with your older brother?
99
100
Nepali: A Beginner’s Primer
Conjugation:
Conjugate the present progressive tense of मान्न ु (to honor, follow, respect, obey) for
all pronouns.
Applications:
1) Tell a young child to close the window.
2) Ask politely if a group of people speak English.
3) Ask a shopkeeper if s/he has apples or bananas.
4) You’ve been asked about your recent travels in Nepal. Say that you liked
Kathmandu better than Pokhara, but that Tansen was the nicest of all.
पाठ ९
(A)
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
टमजी ।
हजरु ।
तपाईको साईकल छ ?
अहँ, मेरो साईकल छै न ।
कःको साईकल छ त ?
िजमको छ, तर बािहर छ । तपाईलाई िकन चािहयो
मलाई एकिछन बािहर जान चािहयो ।
हन्छ
ु , िजमको साईकल माग्नसु ् न त ।
हव़स ् ।
?
अनबाद
ु :
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
B:
A:
B:
Tom!
Yes!
Do you have a bike.
No, I don’t.
Who does have a bike then?
Jim has a bike, but it is outside now. Why do you need it?
I need it to go out for a while.
Okay, ask for Jim’s bike then.
Okay.
102
Nepali: A Beginner’s Primer
(B)
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
तपाई बािहर जानभएन
?
ु
अहँ, गईन ।
िकन, के भयो ?
िजमको साईकल अग्लो छ, म चढ्न सिक्दन ।
उसोभए देबको िलनसु ् न, होचो छ ।
दे बको साईकल याहाँ छै न ।
छ, िभऽ कोठामा छ । िजमको साईकलभन्दा देबको साईकल नयाँ पिन छ ।
अनबाद
ु :
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
You didn’t go out?
No, I didn’t.
Why, what happened?
Jim’s bike is (too) tall, I can’t ride it.
In that case get Dev’s. It is short.
Dev doesn’t have his bike here.
Yes he does, it’s inside the room. Compared to Jim’s bike, Dev’s is also
newer.
(C)
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
शम्भजी
ु , आज के बार हो ?
आज शबबार
हो ।
ु
भोली िन ?
भोली शिनबार हो र छिˆ
ु छ।
भोली कित तािरख हो ?
भोली अगःटको तीन तािरख हो ।
पस€ आईतबार तपाईको क्लास छ ?
छ, आईतबार, सोमबार, मuलबार, बधबार
, हरक
े िदन छ ।
ु , िबहीबार र शबबार
ु
शनीबार माऽै क्लास छैन ।
Lesson 9
103
(C)
अनबाद
ु :
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
Shambhu, what day is it today?
Today is Friday.
And tomorrow?
Tomorrow is Saturday and it is a day off.
What is tomorrow’s date?
Tomorrow is the 3rd of August.
Do you have a class on Sunday, the day after?
Yes! Sunday, Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday and Friday - I have
class every day. I don’t have class on Saturday.
(D)
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
अिहले कित बज्यो ?
अिहले आठ बज्यो बानजी
ु ।
ओहो । िढलो भयो ।
िकन, के काम छ ?
आठ बजे देिख कक्षा छ, म अिहले सम्म यही“ छ ु ।
तपाई कित घण्टा पढाउनहन्छ
ुु ?
आठ बजे देिख पौने ९ बजे सम्म िब„ान, पौने ९ बजे देिख साढे नौ बजे
सम्म िहसाब पढाउछ ु । फे िर सबा १० बजे देिख ११ बजे सम्म मानब
सा‚ पढाउछ ु ।
ओहो ! सबा दईु घण्टा पढाउनहु न्ु छ ? बाफरबाफ
े , कित धे रै कक्षा ।
हजरु , मेरो कक्षा जम्मा ितनव़टा छन ् ।
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Nepali: A Beginner’s Primer
(D)
अनबाद
ु :
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
What time is it now?
It is 8 o’clock now, Banuji.
It’s gotten late!
Why, what do you have to do?
I have a class at 8 o’clock, and I am still here.
How many hours do you teach?
I teach science from 8 to 8:45 and math from 8:45 to 9:30. And again from
10:15 to 11, I teach anthropology.
You teach 2 and a quarter hours? Wow, so many classes!
Yes, I have three classes all together.
(E)
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
तपाईको घडी ठीक छ ?
ठीक छ, िकन ?
तपाईको घडीमा कित बज्यो ?
दस बजेर आठ िमनेट गयो । तपाईको घडीमा कित बज्यो नी
मेरो घडीमा दस बज्न चार िमनेट बाँकी छ ।
मेरो िबचारमा, मेरो घडी भन्दा तपाईको घडी िढलो छ ।
हो र ? िक मेरो भन्दा तपाईको घडी िछटो छ ?
ल, हेरg ।
अनबाद
ु :
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
Is your watch okay?
It has the right time, why?
What time is it?
It is 8 minutes after 10. What times does your watch have?
My watch says it is 4 minutes to 10.
I think your watch is slower than mine.
Is it so? Or is yours faster than mine?
Let’s see.
?
Lesson 9
(F)
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
ए । पालेभाई ।
हजरु ?
याहाँ हेर त ।
िकन सर ?
“कित बज्यो ?” बानलाई
ु सोध त ।
सर, व़हाँ अिफसमा हनहन्
ु ु ुन ।
बानु काहाँ हनहन्छ
ु ुु त?
कन्ु नी, सर ।
बािहर केदारलाई सोध त ?
हस ् सर, घण्टी बजाउछ ु अिन सोध्न जान्छ ु ।
िछटो गर, है ?
हस,् सर ।
अनबाद
ु :
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
Yo! Watchman brother.
Yes?
Look here.
Why, sir?
Ask Banu “what time is it” ?
Sir, she is not in the office right now.
Where is she then?
I don’t know, sir.
Would you ask Kedar then?
Okay, sir. Let me ring the bell and I will go ask Kedar.
Hurry up, okay?
Okay, sir.
105
106
Nepali: A Beginner’s Primer
(G)
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
भात खाएर आउनभयो
ु बानजी
ु ?
भात खाएर आएँ ।
खाना कःतो िथयो ?
िमठो िथयो, तपाई खानहन्
ु ुन ?
अँ, म नहाए
ु पिछ खान्छ ु । अब तपाई के गनहन्छ
ु र् ु त बानजी
ु ?
म त एकिछन आराम गरेपिछ अिफसमा जान्छ ु ।
आजभोली तपाईको अिफसमा िनvै काम छ िक के हो ?
एकदम धे रै काम छ, अिफसमा पगेुपिछ त सास फे न र् पिन फस
ु दर् हदैु न ।
धे रै काम नगनसु र् ् , िबरामी हनु ु होला ।
के गन,ु र् काम गन: पछ,र् नऽ खाना खान पाईदैन ।
Bयो त पvा हो, जीबन यःतै छ ।
अनबाद
ु :
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
Banu, did you come having eaten?
Yes, I ate and then came.
How was the food?
It was good, aren’t you going to eat?
Yes, I will eat after I take a bath. What will you do now, Banu?
I (as for me) will take a rest for a while then, after that, I will go to the office.
These days do you have lot of work to do at the office or what?
Yes, a lot, after one arriving at the office there isn’t even time to breathe.
Don’t work hard, you might become ill.
What to do, one must work, otherwise one can’t make a living.
You are right, such is life.
Lesson 9
Comprehension:
107
मेरो साईकल छै न । मलाई साईकल चािहयो, तर िजमको साईकल अग्लो छ । म
अग्लो साईकल चढ्न सिक्दन । आज शबबार
हो र अगःटको तीन तािरख हो ।
ु
आज मेरो क्लास छ । म आठ बजे देिख सबा १० बजे सम्म िब„ान र िहसाब
पढाउछ ु । अिहले मेरो घडीमा आठ बज्न चार िमनेट बाँकी छ । म िछटो भात
खाएर अिफसमा जान्छ ु । अिफसको काम िसिधएपिछ आज बेलका
ु म िसनेमा हेन र्
जान्छ ु िकनभने भोली अिफस जानु पद: न । भोली शिनबार हो र छˆी
ु छ । आज
मासु र भात पकाएर खान्छ ु । सायद
बेलका
ु िसनेमा हेरेर घर फकLप,छ कखराको
ु ु
एउटा िचसो िबयर पिन खान्छ ु होला ।
संख्या :
६०
६१
६२
६३
६४
६५
६६
६७
६८
६९
७०
साठी
एकसxी
बयसxी
िऽसxी
चौसxी
प•सxी
छयसxी
सतसxी
अठसxी
उनान्सFरी
सFरी
108
Nepali: A Beginner’s Primer
Vocabulary :
साईकल
माग्नु
चढ्नु
सक्नु
नयाँ
परानो
ु
बार
छˆी
ु
तािरख
कक्षा
आईतबार
सोमबार
मuलबार
बधबार
ु
िबहीबार
शबबार
ु
शनीबार
हरक
े
कित बज्यो
िढलो
िछटो
देिख
बाट
सम्म
पढाउनु
पौने X
bicycle
to ask for, to request, to demand, to beg
to ride, to climb
to be able (to do something)
new
old
day (of the week)
holiday, day off
day of the month, date (in Western
calendar)
class
Sunday
Monday
Tuesday
Wednesday
Thursday
Friday
Saturday
every
?
what time is it?
slow, late
fast, early
from
from
up to
to teach
a quarter to X
Lesson 9
साढे X
सवा X
डे ढ
फे िर
बाफरबाफ
े
हजरु
बाँकी
मेरो िबचारमा
हेनु र्
देख्नु
भेट्नु
िनvै
िबरामी हनुु
पग्न
ु ु
आइपग्न
ु ु
सास फे नु र्
फस
ु दर्
िचसो
नऽभने
कखराको
मासु
ु ु
शायद
यःतो / यःतै
जीबन
मानब-शा‚
ओहो
बाफरबाफ
े
तपाईलाई भेटेर खशी
ु लाग्यो
half past X, one and a half X
a quarter after X
1:30 (one and a half)
again
wow! (positive expression of surprise)
yes
remaining
I think, in my opinion
to look, to watch
to see
to meet, to see
a lot
to be ill
to reach
to arrive (to come and arrive)
to breathe
free time
cold
otherwise
chicken meat
perhaps
such/ like this
life
anthropology
oh!
wow!
pleased to meet you
109
110
Nepali: A Beginner’s Primer
Grammar Notes :
1)
सक्नु ‘to be able’ is often used with the infinitive form of other verbs to express
the ability to do something.
उदाहरण:
म नेपाली लेख्न सक्छ ु
अिहले उ तपाई सँग भेट्न सक्दैन
I can write Nepali
He can’t meet with you now
2) Time expressions:
Minutes before and after the hour are usually expressed as follows:
बज्न Y िमनेट बाँकी छ
X बजेर Y िमनेट गयो
X
Y minutes to X o’clock
Y minutes after X o’clock
Examples:
दस बज्न चार िमनेट बाँकी छ
दस बजेर आठ िमनेट गयो
3)
एर
and
एपिछ
four minutes to 10 o’clock
eight minutes after 10 o’clock
are used to join two consecutive actions: “(verb X)
एर
(verb Y)”
means “to do X and then Y,” and often implies that the two actions are
interdependent.
The structure is made by dropping -न ु and adding
एर
verb, and then conjugating the second verb normally.
खानु
लेख्नु
जानु
बःनु
गनु र्
→
→
→
→
→
खाएर
लेखेर
गएर
बसेर
गररे
to the root form of the first
111
Lesson 9
उदाहरणको लािग
(for example):
I went to the store and bought rice.
म बजार गएँ र मैले चामल िकनP ।
बजार गएर मैले चामल िकनP ।
S/he took the book and left.
व़हाँले िकताब िलनभयो
ु र व़हाँ जानभयो
ु ।
व़हाँ िकताब िलएर जानभयो
ु ।
She comes to the class and learns Nepali.
ितनी कक्षामा आउिछन ् र ितनी नेपाली िसिक्छन ् ।
ितनी कक्षामा आएर नेपाली िसिक्छन ् ।
They discuss and write the report.
उनीहt छलफल गछ र्न ् र ूितवेदन लेख्छन ् ।
उनीहt छलफल गररे ूितवेदन लेख्छन ् ।
“(verb X) एपिछ (verb Y)” means “to do Y after doing X”. This structure is made by
dropping -न ु and adding एपिछ to the root form of the first verb:
खानु
लेख्नु
जानु
नाच्नु (to dance)
िजःकाउनु (to kid, to pick on)
→
→
→
→
→
खाएपिछ
लेखेपिछ
गएपिछ
नाचेपिछ
िजःकाएपिछ
112
Nepali: A Beginner’s Primer
उदाहरणको लािग
(for example)
:
He goes to the office after eating daal-bhat.
उ दालभात खान्छ अिन Bयसपिछ उ अिफस जान्छ ।
दालभात खाएपिछ उ अिफस जान्छ ।
Yesterday after having a discussion, we wrote papers.
िहजो हामीले छलफल ग|यg, Bयसपिछ हामीले लेख लेख्यg ।
िहजो हामीले छलफल गरेपिछ लेख लेख्यg ।
After dancing an hour, Radhika will go home.
रािधका एक घण्टा नािच्छन ् Bयसपिछ ितनी घर जािन्छन ् ।
एक घण्टा नाचेपिछ रािधका घर जािन्छन ् ।
Shyam’s father will come after Ram’s father comes.
रामको बा आउनहन्छ
ु ु Bयसपिछ ँयामको बा आउनहन्छ
ुु ।
रामको बा आएपिछ ँयामको बा आउनहन्छ
ुु ।
113
Lesson 9
Objectives:
By the end of this lesson, you should be able to:
•
•
•
use “able/not able”
know the days of the week and the month
tell and ask times in Nepali
•
•
use एर and एपिछ structures
count the numbers up to 70
Exercises:
Time:
Translate the following into Devanagari script
4:56
6:30
8:25
12:20
2:05
3:10
7:15
10:45
1:30
11:14
2:30
1:45
Translation:
1) They can write Nepali.
2) Yesterday we went to Asan Tol and bought vegetables.
3) Will you play soccer after you study?
4) I don’t think I can buy the bike right now because I don’t have any money
with me.
5) He will go to Nepal after learning Nepali.
6) I will finish my work and come.
7) After he took a long breath he rode his bicycle up the hill.
Applications:
1) Describe your daily routine, try to fit more than one action into each
sentence.
2) Ask someone if they can come to the office a little early the day after
tomorrow.
पाठ १०
(A)
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
तपाई नेपाल आएको कित भयो ?
झण्डै दईु मिहना भयो ।
तपाईको घर देिख याहाँ सम्म आउन कित डलर लाग्छ
अन्दाजी चौध सय डलर ।
तपाईलाई Bयितका पैसा कःले िदयो ?
मेरो अिफसले ।
तपाई कन
ु र् ु ?
ु अिफसमा काम गनहन्छ
म िशक्षा मन्ऽालयमा काम गछ ु र् ।
अनबाद
ु :
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
How long have you been in Nepal?
Two months.
How much does it cost to come from your home to here?
About $1400.
Who gave you that much money?
My office did.
Who do you work for?
I work for the Ministry of Education.
?
116
Nepali: A Beginner’s Primer
(B)
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
तपाई पोखरा जानभयो
ु ?
म पोखरा गएँ ।
कसरी जानभयो
ु ?
हव़ाईजहाजमा गएँ र बसमा फकM ।
तपाईलाई पोखरा मन पNयो ?
हो, धे रै मन पNयो ।
पोखरामा तपाईलाई के के मन पNयो?
मलाई िहमाल र ूाकृ ितक सन्दरता
/ सौन्दय र् मन
ु
अनबाद
ु :
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
Did you go (have you been) to Pokhara?
Yes, I went (have been) to Pokhara.
How did you get there?
I went by plane and returned by bus.
Did you like Pokhara?
Yes, I liked it a lot.
What did you like in Pokhara?
I liked the Himalayas and the natural beauty.
(C)
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
ितमीलाई सUभन्दा धे रै कन
ु खेल मन पछ र् ?
मलाई सUभन्दा धे रै फट
ु बल मन पछ र् ।
अt के मन पछ र् ?
बाःकेट बल पिन मन पछ र् ।
टे िनस नी ?
टे िनस मन पद: न ।
िकन ?
िकनभने म टे िनस खेल्न जािन्दन ।
पNयो
।
Lesson 10
(C)
अनबाद
ु :
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
What games do you like the most?
I like football.
What else do you like?
I also like basketball.
And what about tennis?
I don’t like tennis.
Why?
Because I don’t know how to play tennis.
(D)
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
ितमीलाई िबयर मन पछ र् िक रक्सी मन पछ र् ?
िबयर मन पछ,र् रक्सी मन पद: न ।
ितमी िबयर सध< खान्छौ ?
अहँ खािदन, किहलेकािहँ खान्छ ु ।
रक्सी नी ?
रक्सी त किहलेपिन खािदन ।
ितॆो साथीलाई रक्सी मन पछ र् िक िबयर मन पछ र् ?
उसलाई दबैु मन पछ र् ।
117
118
Nepali: A Beginner’s Primer
अनबाद
ु :
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
(D)
Do you like beer or liquor?
I like beer, I don’t like liquor.
Do you always drink beer?
No, just sometimes.
And liquor?
As for liquor, I never drink it.
Does your friend like liquor or beer?
He likes both.
(E)
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
िहजो मलाई मोमो खान मन लागेर ओम र•राँ
े ु मा गएँ ।
ओम र•राँ
े ु काहाँ छ ?
नयाँ सडकमा ।
Bयाहाँको मोमो कःतो लाग्यो ?
िमठो लाग्यो, तर र•राँ
े ु Bयित सफा छै न ।
अt के के खानभु यो ?
अt केिहपिन खाईन ।
अनबाद
ु :
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
Yesterday I felt like eating momos and went to Om’s Restaurant.
Where is Om’s Restaurant?
It’s on New Road.
How did you like the momos?
They were good but the restaurant is not very clean.
What else did you eat?
Nothing else.
Lesson 10
119
(F)
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
िहजो िदउसो के गनभयो
ु र् ?
नेपाली िसनेमा हेर P । “साईनो” नाम भएको ।
मन पNयो त ?
Bयितको मन परने ।
िकन ?
कथा चाखलाग्दो िथएन र Bयसको साथसाथै अिभनय पिन Bयित राॆो
िथएन ।
अनबा
ु द:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
What did you do yesterday?
I watched a Nepali film. It was called Saino.
Did you like it?
I didn’t like it that much.
Why?
The story was not interesting and on top of that the acting was poor.
120
Nepali: A Beginner’s Primer
(G)
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
ितमी िहजो िकन क्लासमा आएनौ ?
मलाई नेपाली पढ्न मन लागेन ।
िकन ?
िकनभने मलाई अल्छी लाग्यो र मेरो टाउको पिन दख्ु यो ।
अिहले पढ्न मन लागेको छ त ?
अिहले त मन लागेको छ ।
कित घण्टा सम्म पढ्न सक्छौ होला त ?
दईु घण्टा सम्म पढ्न सक्छ ु होला ।
फे िर अिहले पिन अल्छी लाग्यो भने के गछO ?
आज त अल्छी लाग्यो भने िचसो पानीमा नहाएर
कफी खाएर पढ्न बःछ ु ।
ु
तर एकदम धे रै टाउको दख्यो
ु भने के गछO ?
Bयःतो दख्यो
भने याःपृन खान्छ ु । Bयःतो बेलामा तपाई के गनहन्छ
ु
ु र् ु िन
सर ?
Bयःतो बेलामा म त सBु न कोिशस गछ ु र् । िनदाउन सिकयो भने शिररलाई
आराम िमल्छ र टाउको दख्ु न पिन िबषेक हनु सक्छ ।
अझै पिन िबषेक भएन भने के गनहन्छ
ु र् ु त सर ?
यिद िबषेक भएन भने ताइलानोल खान्छ ु िक डाक्टर काँ जान्छ ु ।
121
Lesson 10
(G)
अनबाद
ु :
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
Why didn’t you come to class yesterday?
I didn’t feel like studying Nepali.
Why?
Because I felt lazy and also had a headache.
Do you want to study (feel like studying) now?
Yes, I do.
For how many hours?
For two hours.
What do you think you will do if you feel lazy again now?
If I feel the same now I will take a cold shower, drink coffee and study.
Well, if you have a bad headache what will you do?
In that case I will take an aspirin. And, what about you?
In that situation I would try to sleep. Because if I can sleep, the body can get
rest and the headache will also be cured.
Still, if you are not cured what will you do?
If it is still not cured, then either I would take Tylenol or go to the doctor.
(H)
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
ओ साथी नमःकार है, सन्चै हनहन्छ
ु ुु ?
नमःकार, नमःकार सन्चै छ,ु तपाई नी ?
म पिन सन्चै छ,ु के छ तपाईको हालखबर ?
ठीकै छ ।
होईन साथी मैले त भसvै
ु ु ,बसM, आज कक्षामा कःको भाषण छ, हँ
ूाध्यापक क्याथी माचको
र् भाषण छ ।
भाषण के को बारमा
े छ?
नेपाली चलन र संःकतीको
बारमा
ृ
े छ।
कित बजे सtु हन्छ
ु , तपाईलाई थाहा छ ?
?
122
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
Nepali: A Beginner’s Primer
िकन थाहा नहनु,ु ठीक १० बजे सtु हन्छ
ु ।
Bयसोभए हामी Bयाहाँ कित बजे पग्न
ु ु पछ र् ?
मेरो िबचारमा हामी Bयाहाँ पौने १० बजे पग्नै
ु पछ,र् िकनभने Bयाहाँ गएर
हामीले कोठा सफा गररे मेचहt िमलाउनु पछ र् ।
हामीले भाषणको नोट लेख्नु पछ र् िक पद: न ?
पद: न, अिनबाय र् छै न, तर यिद तपाईले लेख्नभ
ु यो भने राॆो हन्छ
ु ।
साथी, नेपाली चलनमा कोठा बािहर जFा
ु फकाल्न
ु
ु पछ र् रे, हो ?
हो, पछ र् ।
गाउँ मा त खाना पिन हातले खानु पछ र् रे, हो ?
पद: न, तर के गनह
ु र् न्छ
ु ? Bयाहाँ काँटा चम्चा पाइदैन Bयसोभएर हातले खानै
पछ र् र खाना खाएपिछ हात धनैु पछ र् िकनभने हात जठो
ु हन्छ
ु हातले
ु – जठो
केिहपिन छनु ु हदैु न । यिद तपाईले जठो
ु हात धनु भु एन भने र अtलाई
छनुभु यो भने Bयो राॆो हदैु न र मािनसहtले तपाईलाई असभ्य अथबा
जuली भन्छन ् । Bयसैले आज भाषण राॆो सँग सन्ु नसु ् र ूँन सोध्न पिन
लाज नमान्नसु ् ।
हन्छ
बारमा
े कसरी थाहा भयो, हँ ?
ु
ु , तर क्याथीलाई यी कराको
हFेरी । तपाई पिन कःतो करा
ु र् ु , तपाईलाई थाहा छै न ? क्याथीले
ु गनहन्छ
नेपालमा Bयित धे रै बष र् बसेर अध्ययन गरको
गरको
े र अनसन्धान
े ।
ु
ए, हो र ? मलाई थाहा िथएन ।
हो हो, ल जाने बेला भयो जाऔ “ । किहलेकािहँ तपाईको करा
ु बQु न पिन
गा॑ो हन्छ
ु ।
Bयसै निरसाउनसु ् न । मलाई सFे थाहा िथएन ।
ल ल हन्छ
ु । अब जाऔ “ ।
Lesson 10
123
(H)
अनबाद
ु :
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
Hello friend, namaskaar, how are you?
Namaskaar, I am fine, and you?
I am also fine. What’s news?
Everything’s okay.
Well, who is giving the talk in class today, do you know? Because I
completely forget.
Professor Kathy March.
What will it be about?
It will be about the customs and culture of Nepal.
Do you know what time it begins?
Of course, right at 10 o’clock.
So what time should we be there?
I think we must be there by 9:45 because we need to clean the room and
arrange the chairs.
Do we have to take notes of the speech?
Don’t have to, it’s not mandatory. However it would be good if you
do.
My friend, I heard that the Nepali custom is that you must take your shoes
off outside the room, is that so?
Yes, you should.
I heard that in rural areas you have to eat food with your hands, is that true
also?
You don’t have to, but what can you do? You can’t find a spoon or fork
around there therefore you must eat with your hands and after you finish
eating you must wash your hands because they will be polluted. You should
not touch anything with polluted hands. If you don’t wash and you touch
people or things with dirty hands, that that’s not good and people will think
of you as uncivilized and barbarian. So, listen to the talk carefully and don’t
be shy to ask questions.
OK, but how does Kathy know about all these things?
Oh no! What are you saying? Don’t you know that Kathy lived in Nepal for
so many years and did research?
Oh! Is that so? I didn’t know.
Yes, yes. It’s time to go. Let us go. Man! It is sometimes difficult to
understand you.
Come on, don’t get upset for no reason. I swear I didn’t know that.
OK, OK, let’s go now.
124
Nepali: A Beginner’s Primer
संख्या :
७०
७१
७२
७३
७४
७५
७६
७७
७८
७९
८०
सFरी
एकहFर
बहFर
ऽीहFर
चौहFर
पचहFर
छयहFर
सतहFर
अठहFर
उनानअ् सी
असी
Lesson 10
Vocabulary :
जान्नु
Bयित
यित
िशक्षा
मन्ऽालय
पोखरा
िहमाल
ूकती
ृ
ूाकितक
ृ
सन्दरता
/ सौन्दय र्
ु
ताल
रक्सी
सध<
किहलेकािहँ
किहलेपिन खािदन
सडक
नयाँ सडक
केिहपिन खाईन
िसनेमा
अिभनय
कथा
Bयःको साथसाथै
दख्ु नु
कोिशस गनु र्
Bयो बेलामा
to know, to be able to do
that much
this much
education
Ministry
Pokhara (a city west of Kathmandu)
Himalaya
nature
natural
beauty
lake
liquor
always
sometimes
I never drink
road
New Road (a street in Kathmandu)
I ate nothing
cinema, film, movie
acting
story
on top of that, along with that
to have a pain, to ache
to try
at that time
125
126
शिरर
िबसेक हनुु
िनको हनुु
Bयःतो
लाज मान्नु
भाषण
के को बारमा
े
अबःय
चम्चा
काँटा
अिनबाय र्
चलन
संःकती
ृ
अtलाई
शtु
जठो
ु
छनुु
फकाल्न
ु
ु
िरसाउनु
असभ्य
िमलाउनु
Bयसै
सFे
Nepali: A Beginner’s Primer
body
to be cured
to be cured
like that
to be shy, to feel shy
speech
?
about what?
certainly
spoon
fork
mandatory
custom
culture
to others
beginning
food contamination, pollution
to touch
to take off
to get upset, to become angry
uncivilized
to arrange
just because, for no reason
to swear the truth
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Lesson 10
Grammar Notes
1) जान्न ु ‘to know, be able to do’. To distinguish it from जान ु ‘to go’, you will have
to add
द
after the
न
for the positive form in order to conjugate the verb in the
present tense.
उदाहरणको लािग :
म
तपाई / व़हाँ
जान्दछ ु
जािन्दन
जान्नहु न्छ
ु
जान्नहु न्ु न
हामीहt
जान्दछg
जान्दैनg
उ / Bयो / यो
जान्दछ
जान्दैन
ितनी
जान्दिछन ्
जािन्दनन ्
ितमीहt
जान्दछौ
उनीहt / ियनीहt / ितनीहt जान्दछन ्
जान्दैनौ
जान्दैनन ्
2) किहलेपिन plus negative verb gives the meaning of “never”
उदाहरणको लािग :
म किहलेपिन रक्सी खािदन *
ितनी किहलेपिन tिदनन ्
िपटर किहलेपिन झगडा गद: न
हामीले किहलेपिन गीत गाएनg
I never drink liquor.
She never cries.
Peter never quarrels.
We never sang a song.
*One can never say म किहलेपिन रक्सी खान्छ ु - this is incorrect grammar
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Nepali: A Beginner’s Primer
3) केिहपिन plus a negative verb gives the meaning “nothing”
उदाहरणको लािग :
म केिहपिन खािदन
यो केिहपिन होईन
याहाँ केिहपिन छै न
I eat nothing/ I don’t eat anything
This is nothing
There is nothing here
4) Present and future conditional clause (यिद
......भने)
Unlike English, in Nepali we usually use the simple past tense in the first clause and
the present or future tense in the second clause in the general form of present and
future conditional clauses. The first clause begins with यिद and ends with भने. You
can drop यिद from the sentence but may never drop the भने.
उदाहरणको लािग :
यिद
subject simple past tense भने present or future tense.
(क) यिद म नेपाल गएँ भने म िहमाल चढ्छ ु ।
If I Nepal went I Himalaya climb.
If I go to Nepal, I will climb the Himalayas.
(ख) यिद गtु आउनभु एन भने म घर जान्छ ु ।
(यिद)
गtु आउनभु एन भने म घर जान्छ ु ।
If the teacher doesn’t come, I will go home.
(ग) यिद आमाले पैसा िदनभयो
ु भने म िसनेमा हेन र् जान्छ ु ।
If my mother gives me money I will go to see a movie.
5) Use of ले in Nepali:
In Nepali
ले occurs both as a morphological case marker and as an instrumental or
agent marker. Examples:
129
Lesson 10
(a)
ले is used as a suffix with the subject if the main verb in a sentence is
transitive and in the past tense. Intransitive verbs don’t take the suffix.
तपाई आउनभयो
ु
तपाईले आउनभयो
ु
तपाई खानभयो
ु
तपाईले खानभयो
ु
(You came)
is correct
X
X
not correct
(You ate)
is correct
not correct
(b) Despite the fact that the verb is transitive,
case marker in the present tense. e.g.
तपाई खानहन्छ
ुु .
ले
is not normally used as a
तपाईले खानहन्छ
ु ु . The correct form is
However, sometimes
ले even occurs in the present tense,
emphasizing the subject as an instrumental or agent.
Examples:
(i)
आमाले खाना पकाउनहन्छ
ुु
Mother (agent/instrumental) cooks food
Mother is the one who cooks food.
(ii)
जोनले काम गछ र्
John works
John is the one who works.
(iii)
In some situations, ले is also used to avoid ambiguity in the meaning
of a sentence, for example:
Bयो सप र् खान्छ
That snake to eat (3rd. person singular)
That eats snake.
In this situation, this sentence could have two meanings:
1) That snake eats (the food)
2) That one eats snake, “that” could mean anybody or any animate thing.
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Nepali: A Beginner’s Primer
(c) By adding the suffix ले the sentence has only one meaning:
Bयःले सप र् खान्छ
That one (person/thing) eats (a/the) snake.
or:
Bयो सपलेर् खान्छ
That snake eats (something).
That particular snake eats (something).
(d) ले can also be used as the instrumental suffix, where it gives meaning of
“with, of, by”, for example:
(A) म
(B) उ
(e)
हातले खाना खान्छ ु
हैजाले
मयC
I eat food with (my) hand.
He died of cholera.
ले is also used in obligatory structure (should, have to, must) with the
subject if the verb is transitive in both the present and past tenses:
उदाहरणको लािग :
a)
b)
c)
d)
सीताले गीत गाउनु पछ र्
सीताले िगत गाउनु हदैु न
रामले िकताब िकन्नु पछ र्
रामले िकताब िकन्नु पद: न
तपाई भोली आउनु पछ र्
तपाई भोली आउनु पद: न
तपाई भोली आउनु हदैु न
तपाई भोली आउनै पछ र्
Sita should/has to sing a song.
Sita should not sing a song
Ram has to/needs to/should buy a book.
Ram does not need to buy a book.
You should/have to/need to come
tomorrow.
You don’t need to/have to come tomorrow.
You should not come tomorrow.
You must come tomorrow.
Lesson 10
तपाई भोली आउनै हदैु न
You must not come tomorrow.
पछ र् present or future
पNयो past tense of all the forms
पद: न
परने
past of need to and have to forms.
The past negative form of ‘should’ and ‘must’ is हदै
ु निथयो
Objectives:
By the end of this lesson, you should be able to:
•
count up to 80
•
differentiate between like and feel like
•
know the use of the case marker
•
use present and future conditional clauses
•
use obligatory structures (have to, need to, should and must)
ले
Exercises:
Translation:
1) They almost fell down (ल—न ु ) from a cliff (िभर).
2) Can you eat that much food in the morning?
3) Do you know the name of the highest mountain in the world?
4) She does not like going to Nepal.
5) I don’t feel like playing tennis now.
6) Mount Everest is taller than Fish-Tail Mountain.
7) What is the name of the longest river?
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Nepali: A Beginner’s Primer
8) They didn’t die of cholera.
9) His father doesn’t eat food with his hand.
10) They should not play soccer because they are ill.
11) We don’t need to go to listen to the talk/speech.
12) Kamala must bring her car, otherwise we can’t go to New York.
13) If she will not come, I will go.
14) If this is not mandatory, we will not study.
15) If you come to my house, I will cook दालभात.
Fill in the blanks:
1)
म ..... दालभात मन पछ र् ।
2)
उ किहलेपिन रक्सी ........ (खान)ु ।
3)
अिफस ....... उनीहt ....... नेपाल जान पैसा िदन्छ ।
4)
हामी ........ (किहलेकािहँ, सध•, किहलेपिन) बजारमा घम्न
ु जान्छg ।
Make three sentences (positive and negative) each using need to, have to, should,
must and conditional clause.
पाठ ११
(A)
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
िहजो चार बजे तपाई घरमा हनहिन्थयो
?
ु ुु
अँ, िथएँ ।
तपाई पाँच बजे पिन हनहिन्थयो
त?
ु ुु
पाँच बजे त िथईन ।
तपाई काहाँ जानभयो
ु त?
िपटरकाँ गएँ तर िपटर घरमा िथएन ।
अिन तपाई काहाँ जानभयो
ु त?
Bयःपिछ डे िभडकाँ गएर एक िछन गफ गरP ।
कित बजे घर फिकर्नभयो
ु त?
म सात बजे फकM ।
अनबाद
ु :
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
Were you at home at 4 o’clock yesterday?
Yes, I was.
Also at 5 o’clock?
No, not at 5.
Where did you go then?
Peter’s place, but he was not at home.
Where did you go then?
After that I went to David’s place and talked for a bit.
What time did you come back home then?
I came back home at 7 o’clock.
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(B)
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
उनीहt एक हप्ता अिघ पोखरा गएनन ् ?
अहँ गएनन ् ।
िकन ?
बाटो िबिमएको छ रे ।
उसोभए काहाँ गए त ?
उनीहt तराई ितर गए ।
हव़ाईजहाजमा गए ?
होईन, बसमा गए ।
अनबाद
ु :
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
Didn’t they go to Pokhara a week ago?
No, they didn’t.
Why?
The road to Pokhara is no good, so I heard.
In that case, where did they go?
They went to the Tarai.
By airplane?
No, by bus.
(C)
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
अिहले कित बज्यो ?
अिहले चार बज्यो । िकन सोध्नभु यो ?
आज पाँच बजे मेरो घरमा काम छ ।
तपाईको घरमा काम आज िक भोली ?
आज शबबार
होईन ?
ु
होईन, आज िबहीबार हो र दईु तािरख हो ।
ए ! माफ गनसुर् ् मैले ,बसM ।
Lesson 11
135
(C)
अनबाद
ु :
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
What time is it?
It is 4 o’clock. Why did you ask?
At 5 I have work to do at home.
Is it today or tomorrow that you have work?
Isn’t today Friday?
No, today is Thursday and it’s the 2nd.
Oh! I am sorry, I forgot.
(D)
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
आज के खाने ?
आज ितबेती खाना खाने । याहाँ निजक एउटा र•राँ
े ु छ । यिद िभड छै न
भने Bयाहाँ जाने र िभड छ भने अकCमा जाने ।
Bयाहाँ हेन र् जाने त ? अिन खाना कःतो पाईन्छ िन ?
िमठो छ र सःतो पिन छ ।
ल, जाउँ त ।
अनबाद
ु :
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
What are we going to eat today?
Let’s have Tibetan food. There is a restaurant very close by. If it is not
crowded we will go there and if it is crowded we will go somewhere else.
Shall we go there to see then? How is the food there though?
It is tasty and also cheap.
Let’s go then.
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Nepali: A Beginner’s Primer
(E)
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
अिहले ,नदL शककाँ जाने ?
नजाने ।
िकन ? काहाँ जाने त ?
चीजबीज िकन्न बजार जाने ।
अिन कित बजे डे रामा फकर्ने ?
पाँच बजे होला ।
अनबाद
ु :
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
Shall we go to see the director now?
No.
Why? Where shall we go then?
To the market to buy some things.
When will we return to our apartment then?
Maybe at 5.
(F)
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
दे बजी, आज िबहान तपाई काहाँ गएको
कित बजे ?
िबहान सात बजे ितर ।
म साथीको घर गएको ।
काम िथयो ?
सानो काम िथयो ।
तपाईको के काम िथयो ?
एउटा िकताब िलनु िथयो ।
िलनभयो
ु त?
िलएँ ।
?
Lesson 11
(F)
अनबाद
ु :
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
137
Dev, where did you go this morning?
At what time?
At about 7 o’clock in the morning.
I went to my friend’s house.
Was there some business?
There was some small business (work).
What work?
I had to get a book.
Did you get it?
Yeah, I did.
Vocabulary :
काहाँ / काँ
क्षण / िछन
गफ गनु र्
बाटो
िबिमएको
रे
तराई
माफ गनु र्
िबसनर् ु / िबिसनर् ु
ु / सझन
सिझन
ं
ं ु/
निजक
एउटा
सःतो
महंगो / महuो
,नदL शक
फकर्नु / फिकर्नु
िभड
to the place (where one lives)
moment
to chat, to have a conversation
road, path
broken (or not in working condition)
particle indicating uncertain
information (see Grammar Notes)
Tarai, the plains area of southern Nepal
to excuse, to pardon
to forget
स!झनु
to remember
near, close
one (for counting things)
cheap
expensive
director
to return, to come back
crowd
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Grammar Notes :
1) See attached table in this book for conjugation of the simple past tense of
2)
रे
छ.
is a particle used at the end of a sentence when the speaker is not certain of
the information and/or if the information is second hand.
उदाहरणको लािग :
उ राॆो नेपाली बोल्छ रे
He speaks good Nepali
(but I’m not sure/or so I’ve been told).
As a request to ask someone to repeat something.
Example:
A:
B:
3)
एको
एको
मेरो नाम टम हो ।
के रे ?
My name is Tom.
What was that?
Pardon me, I didn’t get it.
and ने undifferentiated past and present.
is the unconjugated form of the past tense, usually used for informal situations
and in short conversations.
Positive
Verb
खानु
जानु
लेख्नु
→
→
→
खाएको
गएको
लेखेको
Negative
नखाएको
नगएको
नलेखेको
Example:
म पसलमा गएको
उ पसलमा गएको
हामी पसलमा नगएको
I went to the store.
He went to the store.
We didn’t go to the store.
139
Lesson 11
The unconjugated form for present and future tense is ने.
Verb
खानु
जानु
लेख्नु
Positive
→
→
→
खाने
जाने
लेख्ने
Negative
नखाने
नजाने
नलेख्ने
Example:
तपाई नलेख्ने ?
ितनी जाने
उनीहt फटबल
खेल्ने
ु
You don’t write?
She will go.
They will play soccer.
Objectives:
By the end of this lesson, you should be able to:
•
use and conjugate िथयो
•
understand the use of
•
use the informal past and present tenses in appropriate contexts
रे
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Nepali: A Beginner’s Primer
Exercises:
Fill in the blanks:
Fill in the correct form of
1)
छ:
िहजो बेलका
ु उ घरमा ........ ।
(negative)
2)
गएको हप्ता व़हाँहt पोखरामा ......... ।
3)
अिःत पसलमा सन्तला
........... ।
ु
4)
5)
(negative)
आज पसलमा सन्तला
............. ।
ु
आउने बष र् खाना सःतो ........... ।
(positive)
(positive)
(negative)
Which is correct:
(circle one)
1)
म गtमा
ु जान्छ ु ।
|
म गtकाँ
जान्छ ु ।
ु
2)
मेरो घरकाँ तरकारी छ ।
|
मेरो घरमा तरकारी छ ।
3)
मकाँ आउनसु ् ।
|
ममा आउनसु ् ।
4)
क्लासमा
5)
,ब.ाथ0
छन ् ।
एक बष र् अिघ मैले उःको
साथीलाई नेपालमा भेटP ।
|
|
क्लासकाँ
,ब.ाथ0
छन ् ।
एक बष र् अिघ मैले उःको
साथीलाई नेपालकाँ भेटP ।
Applications:
1) Comment that you’ve heard that the bus to Pokhara is always late.
2) Casually inform a friend that you’re going to the post office.
पाठ १२
(A)
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
तपाईको पिरबारमा को को हनहन्छ
ु ुु ?
बा, आमा हनहन्छ
ु ु ु र एकजना बैनी िछन ् ।
तपाईको दाजु र िददी हनहन्
ु ु ुन ?
अहँ, हनहन्
ु ु ुन ।
तपाईको भाई पिन छै न ?
छै न ।
अनबाद
ु :
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
Who do you have in your family?
I have my parents and one little sister.
Don’t you have a big brother and a big sister?
No, I don’t.
Don’t you have a younger brother as well?
No, I don’t.
(B)
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
कंणजी
, अिहले कित बज्यो ?
ृ
दस बजेर २० िमनेट गयो ।
कित बजे तपाईको क्लास खतम हन्छ
ु ?
एघार बजे खतम हन्छ
ु ।
Bयसपिछ के गनहन्छ
ु र् ु ?
क्लास खतम भएपिछ म खाना खान जानु पछ र् । Bयसपिछ एक िछन
आरामगररे एकजना साथीलाई भेट्न जानु पछ र् िकनभने उ भोली घर
जादैछ ।
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Nepali: A Beginner’s Primer
अनबाद
ु :
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
(B)
Krishna, what time is it now?
It is now 10:20.
What time will your class be over?
It will be over at 11 o’clock.
What will you do after that?
After class is over I should go to eat. After that I will rest for a while then I
will have to go to see one of my friends because he is leaving for home
tomorrow.
(C)
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
आज हामी कन
खेल्ने ?
ु
ु बेला फटबल
मेरो िबचारमा आज नखेल्ने ।
िकन नखेल्ने ?
िकनभने आज क्लासपिछ, नेपाली गीत गाउने सेशन छ र Bयसमा जानु पछ र् ।
आजै गीत गाउन िसक्ने िदन हो ? सबैजना जानु पछ र् ?
आजै िदउसो चार बजे छ र सबैजना जानै पछ र् । तपाईलाई थाहा छै न ?
अहँ, मलाई थाहा िथएन ।
तपाई शायद सचना
पाटी हेनहन्
ु
ु र् ु न, होला ।
आज हेन र् ,बसM ।
सबैजनाले एउटा लोक गीत गाउनै पछ र् । यो दश•को सांःकितक
ृ
कायबमको
र्
लािग अभ्यास हो ।
हFेरी ! क्या फसाद, आज आफ्नो ःवर पिन ठीक छै न, tगा/tघा लागेको छ ।
143
Lesson 12
(C)
अनबाद
ु :
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
What time will we play soccer today?
I think that we won’t play today.
Why not?
Because we have a Nepali song singing session today after class and we have
to go to that.
Is it today that we learn to sing and everybody should go?
It is at 4 o’clock today and everybody must go. Don’t you know?
No, I didn’t know.
Perhaps you don’t look at the notice board.
Today I forgot to look.
Every one of us must sing one folk song each. This is a practice for the
cultural program of Dasain.
Oh no! What a problem! I don’t have good voice today because I have a bad
cold.
(D)
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
कालो कपाल हनेु केटी माईकको बैनी हनु ् ?
कन
ु , Bयो धे रै नबोल्ने केटी ?
हो, Bयो धे रै नबोल्ने केटी ।
तपाईको मतलब अःती भोजमा िमठो खाना पकाउने केटी
हो ।
होईन, ितनी त डे िभडको बैनी हनु ् ।
माईकको बैनी कनचाही
“ हनु ् त ?
ु
उ Bयो चािहँ ।
कन
ु चािहँ, Bयो चःमा लगाउने केटी ?
हो, Bयिह चःमा लगाउने केटी ।
?
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Nepali: A Beginner’s Primer
(D)
अनबाद
ु :
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
Is the girl with black hair Mike’s sister?
Which one, the one who doesn’t talk much?
Yes.
You mean the one who cooked good food at the picnic?
Yes.
No, that one is David’s sister.
Which one is Mike’s sister then?
Look, that one.
Which one, the one who is wearing glasses?
Yes, the one who is wearing glasses.
(E)
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
िहजो गएको ठाउँ रमाईलो िथयो ?
िथयो ।
तपाईहt कन
ु ठाउँ मा गएको रे ?
िनयामा फल्स ।
तपाईहt कन
ु चािहँ कारमा जानभु यो ? तपाईहtको धे रै कार छन ् ।
अःती िकनेको कारमा गयg ।
रमाईलो भयो ?
हो, असाध्यै रमाईलो भयो ।
अनबाद
ु :
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
The place you went yesterday was pleasant (fun)?
Yes, it was.
Where was it that you said you went?
Niagara Falls.
Which car did you take? You have so many cars.
The one I bought the day before yesterday.
Was it fun?
Yes, it was great fun.
Lesson 12
(F)
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
ितमी काहाँ जादैछौ ?
म िकताब पसल जादैछ ु ।
म पिन ितमी सँग जान्छ,ु है ?
हन्छ
ु िहड, तर ितमी िकन जाने ?
मलाई पिन एउटा उपन्यास चािहयो, म सँग छै न ।
अनबाद
ु :
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
Where are you going?
I am going to the bookstore.
I will also go with you then, okay?
Okay let’s walk, but why are you going?
I also need a novel, because I don’t have one.
(G)
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
यःलाई के भन्छन ् ?
यःलाई झोला भन्छन ् ।
झोला के को लािग हो ?
झोला चीजबीज राख्नको लािग हो ।
Bयःलाई के भन्छन ् ?
Bयःलाई साईकल भन्छन ् ।
साईकल के को लािग हो ?
साईकल चढ्नको लािग हो ।
तपाई सँग साईकल छ ?
म सँग साईकल छै न ।
तपाई सँग घरमा साईकल िथयो ?
म सँग घरमा साईकल िथयो ।
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Nepali: A Beginner’s Primer
(G)
अनबाद
ु :
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
What is this called?
It’s called a jholaa (bag).
What is it for?
It’s for keeping things.
What do they call that?
That is called a saikal (bike).
What is a bike for?
It is for riding.
Do you have a bike?
No, I don’t.
Did you have a bike at home?
Yes, I had one.
(H)
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
डाक्टर साहेब, tघाको लािग के औषिध खाने ?
ल, यो खानसु ् ।
यःलाई के भन्छन ् डाक्टर साहेब ?
यःलाई याःपृन भन्छन ् ।
यो खाएर िनको हन्छ
ु त?
हो, दस िमनेटमा िनको हन्छ
ु ।
खोकीको लािग के खाने नी, डाक्टर साहेब ?
कफ िसरप खानसु,् एक एक चम्चा िदनको तीन पटक ।
अिन िनको हन्छ
ु त?
अवँय िनको हन्छ
ु ।
Lesson 12
अनबाद
ु :
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
(H)
Doctor, what kind of medicine should I take for a cold?
Here, take this.
What is it called, Doctor?
It’s called aspirin.
Will this cure the cold?
Yes, it will be cured in ten minutes.
How about a cough, doctor?
Take cough syrup, one spoonful three times a day.
Then I will be cured?
Certainly.
Vocabulary :
पिरबार
बैनी / बिहनी
खतम हनुु
थाहा छ / छै न
गीत
लोक गीत
ठाँउ
क्या फसाद
सांःकितक
ृ
कायबम
र्
घाँटी
ःव़र
असाध्यै
अबँय
गाउनु
नाच्नु
family
younger sister
to be finished, to be ended, to be
destroyed
know/don’t know
song
folk song
place
what a hassle, what a problem
cultural
program
throat
voice
a lot, very, extremely
certainly
to sing
to dance
147
148
सचना
पाटी
ु
िह—नु
उपन्यास
पिऽका
अखबार
भन्छन ्
राख्नु
औषिध
डाक्टर
ज्व़रो
टाउको दख्ु नु
िबरामी हनुु
िरuटा लाग्न ु
दख
ु :
बानी
िबचार
चम्चा
पटक
Nepali: A Beginner’s Primer
notice board
walk
novel
magazine
newspaper
is called
to place, to set
medicine
doctor
fever
to have a headache
to be sick
to feel dizzy
pain, trouble
habit
opinion, thought
spoon
time
Lesson 12
149
Grammar Notes:
1) ने and एको as adjectival clauses:
The unconjugated present or past forms of a verb plus a noun can be used to make
adjectival clauses. ने is used for general or future cases.
Examples:
आउने मान्छे
खाने बानी
कालो कपाल हनेु केटी
िमठो खाना पकाउने मान्छे
Bयाहाँ बःने बढी
ु आइमाई मेरो
साथीको हजरु आमा हनहन्छ
ु ुु ।
एको
the man who is coming
eating habit
the girl with black hair
the person who cooks tasty food
The old lady who is staying over
there is my friend’s grandmother.
is used for past or present situations:
Examples:
आएको मान्छे
रातो Gयाल भएको घर
रातो ढोका भएको घर
पाहाडै पाहाड भएको देश
the person who came
the house with red windows
the house with the red door/gate
the country with mountains
everywhere
अt उदाहरणहt:
िगत गाउन िसक्ने िदनमा हाॆो
नेपाली लगा
ु लगाउने िबचार छ ।
तपाईले भनेको करा
ु मैले बझ$ु ।
मैले नभनेको करा
ु तपाई कसरी
बGनहन्छ
ु ुु ?
We have a plan to wear Nepali dress
on the day that we learn to sing.
I understood what you said.
How could/would you understand
the thing which I have not said?
150
Nepali: A Beginner’s Primer
2) को
लािग
‘for, for the sake of, for the purpose of, in order to’:
Examples:
तपाईको लािग म गछ ु र् ।
यो चम्चा केको लािग हो ?
राॆो हनको
लािग िमहेनत गनु र् पछ र् ।
ु
बाले आमाको लािग सारी
ल्याउनभु यो तर आफ्नो लािग
केिहपिन ल्याउनभु एन ।
Objectives:
By the end of this lesson, you should be able to:
•
•
make and use adjectival clauses
use को
लािग
I’ll do it for you.
What is this spoon for?
In order to be good, one must work
hard.
Dad brought a saari for Mom but
he didn’t bring anything for
himself.
Lesson 12
Exercises:
Translation:
1) He was sick but got better after taking medicine.
2) They have a habit of smoking (eating) cigarettes.
3) Does she know where the doctor’s office is?
4) This novel is good for learning Nepali.
5) The girl in the yellow shirt is Banu.
6) I forgot that we are not going this evening.
7) What is this medicine for?
8) The person who is coming this evening is my brother’s friend.
9) Is he also going to sing with them?
10) In Nepali, a pen is called kalam.
11) When are you eating?
12) They will go home after their dancing class is finished.
Applications:
1) Ask a child about his/her family.
2) Ask a friend about his/her family.
3) Describe a (female) friend’s family.
4) Describe your daily schedule.
5) Ask a doctor what you should take for a headache.
151
पाठ १३
(A)
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
डे िभड िहजो ःकल
?
ू मा हनहिन्थयो
ु ुु
।
अहँ, हनहिन्थएन
ु ुु
आज हनहन्छ
ु ुु त?
हनहन्छ
ु ुु ।
अिहले के गद: हनहGछ
?
ु ु ु
अिहले क्लासमा मानब शा‚ िसकाउदै हनहन्छ
ु ुु ।
व़हाँको क्लासमा कितजना ,ब.ा,थ) छन ् ?
अन्दाजी दसजना छन ् ।
उहाँको क्लास कित बजे िसिधन्छ ?
तीन बजे िसिधन्छ ।
क्लास िसिधएपिछ मकाँ जानसु ् भिनिदनसु,् है ?
हन्छ
ु ।
अनबाद
ु :
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
Was David at school yesterday?
No, he wasn’t.
Is he in today then?
Yes, he is.
What is he doing now?
He is in class teaching anthropology now.
How many students does he have in his class?
About ten.
What time will his class be over?
It finishes at 3 o’clock.
Could you please tell him to go to my place after the class?
Okay.
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Nepali: A Beginner’s Primer
(B)
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
िहजो के बार हो ?
िहजो शनीबार हो ।
िहजो िबदा िथयो ?
िथयो ।
ितमीहt काहाँ गयौ ?
हामी पाटन ितर घम्न
ु गयg ।
ितमीहt कित बजे सम्म पाटनमा बःयौ
हामी सबा चार बजे सम्म बःयg ।
अनबाद
ु :
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
What day was yesterday?
It was Saturday.
Was yesterday a holiday?
Yes, it was.
Where did you all go?
We went to Patan to walk around.
How long did you stay in Patan?
We were there until 4:15.
?
Lesson 13
(C)
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
एक मिहना अिघ तपाईको बिहनी काहाँ िथईन ् ?
बा आमा सँग िथईन ् ।
काहाँ ?
न्यु योकर् शहारमा िथईन ् ।
के गद: िथईन ् ?
िःविमu पल
ू मा लाइफ गाड र्को काम गद: िथईन ् ।
अिन आजभोली काहाँ िछन ् त ?
आजभोली हव़ाईमा िछन ् ।
आजभोली के गद: िछन ् ?
आजभोली पढ्दै िछन ् ।
तपाईको बिहनी कित बष र् भईन ् ?
उनी बाईस बष र् भईन ् ।
अनबाद
ु :
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
Where was your little sister one month ago?
She was with our parents.
Where?
In New York City.
What was she doing?
She was working as a life guard at a swimming pool.
And where is she these days?
She is in Hawaii these days.
What is she doing?
She is studying.
How old is she?
She is 22 years old.
155
156
Nepali: A Beginner’s Primer
(D)
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
टमजी, आउनसु ् बःनसु ् ।
हस,् धन्यबाद ।
टमजी, कित बज्यो ?
१० बज्यो ।
ओहो ! तपाईको घडी कित राॆो, काहाँ बनेको हो
यो जापानमा बनेको हो ।
िनvै राॆो छ, कित पNयो ।
यःको एक सय पचास डलर पNयो ।
िकनेको कित भयो ?
िकनेको धे रै भयो । तीन बष र् जित भयो ।
ए ! खबु बिलयो होला जःतो छ ?
बिलयो छ ।
अनबाद
ु :
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
Tom, please come and sit.
Okay, thank you.
Tom, what time is it now?
It is ten o’clock.
Oh! Your watch is really nice, where is it made?
It is made in Japan.
It looks so beautiful, how much did it cost?
It cost $150.
When did you buy it?
It has been a long time, almost three years.
Oh! I see. It looks like a very strong watch.
It is very strong.
?
157
Lesson 13
(E)
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
के गद: हनहGछ
?
ु ु ु
केिहपिन होईन ।
आज के गनL िबचार छ त ?
आज कायगा
ु ताल ितर घम्न
ु जाने िबचार छ । तपाई पिन जानहु न्छ
ु
हन्छ
ु , तर कित बजे फकर्ने िबचार छ ?
चाँडै फकर्ने िबचार छ ।
?
अनबाद
ु :
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
What are you doing?
Nothing.
What are you thinking of doing then?
I am planning to go to Cayuga Lake today. Would you like to go as well?
Sure, but what time do you think you will come back?
I’m thinking of coming back early.
(F)
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
उःको घर काहाँ हो ?
उःको घर बःटन हो । उ एम.आई.टी. मा पढाउछ ।
उ के पढाउछ ?
उ िब„ान पढाउछ ।
Bयाहाँको ,ब.ाथ0को चालचलन कःतो छ रे, हँ ?
राॆो छ रे, ,ब.ाथ0को अनशासनमा
बःछन रे ।
ु
158
Nepali: A Beginner’s Primer
(F)
अनबाद
ु :
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
Where is he from?
He is from Boston. He teaches at MIT.
What does he teach?
He teaches science.
What are MIT students said to be like?
I heard that it’s good and that the students are very disciplined.
(G)
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
अमेिरकीहt भात खान्छन ् ?
अमेिरकीहt भात खादैनन ् ।
उनीहt के खान्छन ् त ?
मासु र आलु खान्छन ् ।
सध< मासु र आल ु खान्छन ् ?
होईन, किहलेकािहँ खादैनन ् ।
िबयर, नी ?
िबयर, धे रैजसो खान्छन ् ।
उनीहt सध< रक्सी खान्छन ् ?
खादैनन,् किहलेकािहँ माऽ खान्छन ् ।
टम नी ?
उ किहलेपिन खादैन ।
Lesson 13
(G)
अनबाद
ु :
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
Do Americans eat rice?
Americans don’t eat rice.
What do they eat?
They eat meat and potatoes.
Do they always eat meat and potatoes?
No, sometimes they don’t.
How about beer then?
They drink beer often.
Do they always drink liquor?
No, they don’t drink always, just sometimes.
How about Tom then?
He never drinks.
(H)
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
कमला आज िकन कक्षामा आईनन ् ?
उनलाई सन्चो छै न ।
उनलाई के भएको छ ?
पेट दखे
ु को छ ।
उनको पेट किहले दे िख दखे
ु को ?
िहजो राती देिख ।
िदसा पिन लागेको छ िक ?
हो, िदसा पिन लागेको छ ।
औषिध खादैिछन ् त ?
हो, प्यारागोिरक खादैिछन ् ।
159
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Nepali: A Beginner’s Primer
अनबाद
ु :
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
(H)
Why didn’t Kamala come to class today?
She isn’t well.
What has happened to her?
Her stomach hurts.
Since when has her stomach hurt?
From last night on.
Does she also have diarrhea?
Yes, she also has diarrhea.
Is she taking medicine then?
Yes, she is taking Paregoric.
(I)
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
तपाई िसकागो जानभु एको छ ?
म त गएको छै न तर मेरो पिरबार गएकाछन ् । मेरो ौीमती पोहर साल गइन ्
र मेरा छोराहt परार साल गए ।
Bयसोभए उनीहtले अबःय पिन िशयरस ् टाव़र चढे का छन ् होला ?
हो, उनीहtले चढे का छन ् तर मैले चािहँ देखोको पिन छै न । तपाईहt पिन
जानभएको
छै न ?
ु
हामीहt त गएका छg । तर हामीलाई िसकागो Bयित रमाईलो लागेन
असाध्यै िभड अिन शहरमा मािनसहt पिन िमलनसार लागेन । के तपाईको
पिन जाने िबचार छ ?
यिद मौका िमल्यो भने एक पटक जाने िबचार छ । फे िर अकC पटक
अमेिरका आउन गा॑ो छ, Bयसोभएर आएको बेलामा ठला
ू ठला
ू शहरहt
हेन र् पछ र् िकनभने धोको बाँकी राख्नु हदु ैन ।
Bयो त राॆो िबचार हो, जानभु एको छै न भने अनभवको
लािग पिन एक
ु
पटक जानु पछ र् ।
हेरg,पिछ के हन्छ
ु , अिहले सम्म त जाने नै िबचार छ ।
Lesson 13
161
(I)
अनबाद
ु :
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
Have you been to Chicago?
I have not been to Chicago, but my family has been there. My wife went last
year and my sons went the year before last.
So they have gone up the Sears Tower?
Yes, they have gone up it but as for me have not even seen it. You all
haven’t been there either?
We have been there. But we did not enjoy Chicago very much, it is very
crowded and we also experienced that the people in the city were not
friendly. Are you thinking of going?
If I get the opportunity I want to go once, it is not easy to come back again to
America, so when I am here I must go to see the big cities because such a
desire should not be postponed.
That is a good thought. If you have not been there, even for the sake of
experience, you should go once.
Let us see what happens later. So far, I still have a plan to go.
संख्या :
८०
८१
८२
८३
८४
८५
८६
८७
८८
८९
९०
असी
एकासी
बयासी
ऽीयासी
चौरासी
पचासी
छयासी
सतासी
अठासी
उनाननUबे
नUबे
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Nepali: A Beginner’s Primer
Vocabulary :
समाज शा‚
अथशा‚
र्
राजनीित शा‚
नरदेह िब„ान, मानब-शा‚
,ब.ाथ0
अन्दाजी
िसिधनु
िबदा
पाटन
घम्न
ु ु
धन्यबाद
बन्नु
बनाउनु
िनvै
बिलयो
कमजोर
िब„ान
चालचलन
अनशासन
ु
किहलेकािहँ
किहलेपिन (neg verb)
धे रैजसो
पेट
दख्ु नु
िदसा
ठग्नु
sociology
economics
political science
anthropology
student
approximately, about
to be finished
holiday
Patan (city)
to walk (about, around)
thank you
to be made or manufactured
to make
very, extremely
strong
weak
science
manner, behavior
discipline
sometimes
never
often
stomach
to hurt
diarrhea
to cheat
Lesson 13
ठला
ू ठला
ू
धोको
मौका
पोहोर
परार
चढ्नु
163
big (plural)
desire
opportunity
last year
year before last year
to climb
Grammar Notes :
1) Compound verbs:
भन्नु िदनु
िकन्नु िदनु
कया
ृ िदनु
‘to do something for someone’
to tell for
to buy for
Example:
तपाईको बालाई मेरो नमःकार
भिनिदनसु ् ।
2) verb ने
िबचार
Could you please tell your father
hello from me.
is an adjectival clause referring to what one is thinking of doing.
Examples:
मेरो िकताब पढ्ने िबचार छ ।
आज बेलका
ु हाॆो दाल-भात
खाने िबचार छै न ।
I am thinking of reading a book.
I have a plan to read the book
I am planning to read a book.
We have no plan of eating daalbhaat tonight.
Since the idea of doing something has to belong to someone, the subject must be
possessive. Since an idea is single, छ is never conjugated.
164
Nepali: A Beginner’s Primer
CORRECT:
मेरो दाल-भात खाने िबचार छ ।
I’m thinking of eating daal-bhaat.
NEVER:
म दाल-भात खाने िबचार छ ।
AND NEVER:
मेरो दाल-भात खाने िबचार छ ु ।
3) नै is often used to indicate emphasis.
उदाहरणको लािग :
Bयो कामको लािग म नै जान्छ ु ।
अिहले सम्म मेरो Bयाहाँ जाने नै
िबचार छ ।
तपाई नै आउनु पछ र् ।
मलाई रातो नै कलम चािहन्छ ।
I will go for that work (no one else
will be sent for that work, trust me).
So far, I am planning to go there
(the plan to go has not yet been
changed).
You (and no one else) should come.
I need a/the red pen. (I need the red
color one. I will not take any other
color.)
4) The present perfect tense is made with the unconjugated past tense plus the
regular conjugation of छ (of the verb हन
ु )ु :
म गएको छ ु / छै न
उ गएको छ / छै न
तपाई जानभएको
छ / छै न
ु
I have gone/not gone
He has gone/not gone
You have gone/not gone
See the attached table for the complete conjugation.
Lesson 13
Objectives:
By the end of this lesson, you should be able to:
•
make and use compound verbs using िदन ु
•
use ने िबचार
•
use present perfect tense
•
count up to 90
Exercises:
Translation:
1) Ram bought a bike for his brother.
2) I’m thinking of studying science next year.
3) He doesn’t have a habit of cheating people.
4) These people are not thinking of doing their homework tonight.
5) Could you write a letter for me?
6) I’m not thinking of going to Nepal this year.
7) I have not been to that new library yet.
8) Americans have climbed सगरमाथा.
9) It has not rained this year.
10) She has not finished her research yet.
165
166
Nepali: A Beginner’s Primer
Fill in the blanks:
1)
तपाई ..... के खाने िबचार छ
2)
उ ....... रक्सी ......... बानी छै न । (को / ले / खान)
3)
तपाईहt अिहले के ......
4)
िहजो उ क्लासमा .... । (हनु ु .
5)
? (को
/ ले)
? (गन ु र् . pres. progressive)
negative)
आज िबहान ८ बजे तपाईले के .........
? (गन)ु र्
Applications:
1) Write at least 15 sentences in the present perfect tense describing yourself
and your family.
2) Ask your friend whether s/he has been to certain countries or not and find out
whether they have eaten the food of each country or not.
पाठ १४
(A)
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
टमजी, धरै काम गद: हनहन्छ
ु ु ु , भोक लागेन ?
एकदम भोक लाग्यो ।
तपाईलाई के खान मन लागेको छ त ?
दालभात खान मन लागेको छ । तर कःले खव़ा
िमठो
ु उछ आफलाई
ु
पकाउन आउदैन ?
,तखा) पिन लागे को छ िक ?
अँ, ,तखा) पिन लागेको छ ।
िचया अथबा कोक खाने हो भने खव़ा
ु उन सक्छ ु । म भात त खव़ा
ु उन
सिक्दन । चल्छ िक चल्दैन ? चल्छ भने आउनसु ् ।
िकन नचल्नु ? “नहनेु मामा भन्दा कानो मामा पिन जाती” कोक िचया
जेपिन चल्छ, भोक र ितखार् दबैु लागेको बेलामा ।
अनबाद
ु :
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
Tom, you are working a lot, aren’t you hungry?
I am very hungry.
What do you feel like eating?
I’d like some daal-bhaat. But, since I don’t know how to cook good daalbhaat, who will feed (provide) me?
Are you thirsty also?
Yes, I am also thirsty.
If you want to have tea or Coca-Cola I can offer (feed) it to you. But I can’t
offer (feed) daal-bhaat to you. Do you think the drink will work out? If so,
please come.
Why not. When you are hungry and thirsty both anything will work out:
“something is better than nothing” after all.
168
Nepali: A Beginner’s Primer
(B)
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
आज भोली िबहान कित बजे उठ्नहन्छ
ुु ?
६ बजे उठ्छ ु ।
उठे पिछ के गनहन्छ
ु र् ु ?
उठे पिछ हातमख
ु धोएर दाँत माGछ ु ।
अिन कित बजे िबहानको खाजा खानहन्छ
ुु ?
साढे ७ बजे खान्छ ु अिन क्लासमा जान्छ ु ।
अनबाद
ु :
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
What time do you get up in the morning these days?
At 6 o’clock.
What do you do after you get up?
After I get up I wash my hands and face and brush my teeth.
Then when do you have breakfast?
I have breakfast at 7:30, then I go to class.
(C)
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
तपाई सध< कित घण्टा पढाउनहन्छ
ुु ?
७ घण्टा पढाउछ ु ।
बाफरबाफ
। कित बजे देिख कित बजे सम्म ?
े
िबहान ९ बजे दे िख िदउँ सो ५ बजे सम्म ।
तपाईलाई थकाई लाग्दैन त ?
एकदम थकाई लाग्छ, तर के गनL ? काम गन: पछ,र् नऽ जीबन िनबार्ह गन र्
गा॑ो हन्छ
ू छ।
ु फे िर एक्लै होईन, पिरबार पिन ठलो
अिन कक्षा िसिधएपिछ के गनहन्छ
ु र् ु त ?
अिन एक िछन आराम गररे घरमा गएर खाना साना खाएर भोलीको लािग
तयार गररे सBछ
ु ु।
Lesson 14
169
(C)
अनबाद
ु :
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
How many hours a day do you teach?
I teach for 9 hours.
From when to when?
From 8 o’clock in the morning to 5 o’clock in the afternoon.
Don’t you get tired?
Sure, I get tired, but what can one do? One must work otherwise it is difficult
to make one’s living. In my case I am not single. I have a big family.
Then what do you do after you finish your class?
Then I take a rest for a while, go home, eat food and stuff, prepare for
tomorrow’s work and go to bed.
(D)
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
A:
B:
A:
तपाई जोमसोम जानभएको
छ?
ु
हो, म गएको छ ु ।
किहले जानभु यो ?
पोहर साल गएँ ।
कसरी जानभयो
ु ?
हव़ाईजहाजमा गएँ ।
तपाईलाई जोमसोम मन पNयो ?
हो, मलाई जोमसोम मन पNयो ।
अनबाद
ु :
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
Have you been to Jomsom?
Yes, I have been.
When did you go?
Last year.
How did you go?
I went by airplane.
Did you like Jomsom?
Yes, I liked it.
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Nepali: A Beginner’s Primer
(E)
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
तपाईलाई कन
ु खेल सUभन्दा धे रै मन पछ र् ?
मलाई सकर सUभन्दा धे रै मन पछ र् ।
तपाई सध< सकर खेल्नहन्छ
ुु ?
म धे रैजसो सकर खेल्छ ु ।
तपाईको साथी पिन सकर खेल्छ ?
अहँ, उ किहलेपिन खेल्दैन ।
िकन ?
उःलाई मन पद: न ।
उःलाई कन
ु खेल मन पछ र् त ?
उःलाई भलीबल खेल्न मन पछ र् ।
अनबाद
ु :
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
What game do you like to play the most?
I like soccer the best.
Do you always play soccer?
I mostly play soccer.
Does your friend play soccer as well?
No, he never plays.
Why?
He doesn’t like it.
Which game does he like then?
He likes to play volleyball.
171
Lesson 14
(F)
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
राम सध< रक्सी खान्छ ?
उ किहलेपिन खादैन, उःलाई रक्सी मन
िबयर नी ?
िबयर त खान्छ ।
कंणलाई
िबयर मन पछ र् िक रक्सी ?
ृ
उःलाई दबैु मन पछ र् ।
पद: न
।
अनबाद
ु :
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
Does Ram always drink liquor?
He never drinks it, he does not like it.
How about beer then?
He drinks beer.
Does Krishna like beer or liquor?
He likes both.
(G)
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
िहजो तपाईलाई के खान मन लागेको िथयो ?
िहजो मलाई रसमलाई खान मन लागेको िथयो ।
खानभु यो त ?
खाएँ ।
रसमलाई खानको लािग काहाँ जानभयो
ु त?
र•राँ
े ु मा गएँ ।
Bयाहाँको रसमलाई तपाईलाई कःतो लाग्यो ?
िमठो लाग्यो ।
पानी पिन उमालेको िदन्छ ?
िदन्छ ।
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Nepali: A Beginner’s Primer
(G)
अनबाद
ु :
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
What did you want to eat yesterday?
I wanted to eat rasmalai.
Did you eat some then?
Yes.
Where did you go to eat rasmalai then?
I went to a restaurant.
How did you like the rasmalai there?
They were tasty.
Do they also give you boiled water?
They do.
(H)
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
िहजो िबहान ८ बजे तपाई के गद: हनहिन्थयो
?
ु ुु
िहजो िबहान ८ बजे म क्लासमा नेपाली िसक्दै िथएँ ।
को सँग िसक्दै हनहिन्थयो
?
ु ुु
म बानु सँग िसक्दै िथएँ ।
Bयो बेलामा राम के गद: िथयो ?
राम िचŽी लेख्दै िथयो ।
उ कःलाई िचŽी लेख्दै िथयो ?
उ उःको बा-आमालाई िचŽी लेख्दै िथयो ।
उःको बा-आमा काहाँ हनहन्छ
ु ुु ?
उःको बा-आमा ःकटल्याण्डमा हनहन्छ
ु ुु ।
173
Lesson 14
(H)
अनबाद
ु :
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
What were you doing at 8 o’clock yesterday morning?
I was in class, learning Nepali.
Who were you learning with?
I was learning with Banu.
What was Ram doing then?
Ram was writing a letter.
Who was he writing to?
He was writing to his parents.
Where are his parents?
They are in Scotland.
Comprehension:
िपटर समाजशा‚ी हो । उ तीन मिहना अिघ नेपाल आयो । आजभोली िबहान उ
नेपाली िसक्दैछ । िदउसो उ आफ्नो िबषयको अनसन्धान
गछ र् । उःको गाउँ मा
ु
िबिभन्न िकिसमका मान्छे हt छन,् बाउन (ॄाšमण), क्षेऽी, गtu
ु , दमाई, कामी,
गद: छ । उःको गाउँ िनvै
ईBयािद छन ् । उ धामी झाँबVको बारमा
े अनसन्धान
ु
रमाईलो छ । उ अिहले सम्म तराई गएको छै न । उःको तराईमा पिन गएर
अनसन्धान
गनL िबचार छ ।
ु
तलका ूँनका जवाफ िदनसु:्
(1)
िपटर को हो
?
(2)
उ किहले नेपाल आयो
(3)
आजभोली िबहान उ कन
ु भाषा िसक्दैछ
?
?
(4)
िदउसो के काम गछ र् ?
(5)
गाउँ मा कन
ु िकिसमका मािनसहt बःछन ् ?
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Nepali: A Beginner’s Primer
(6)
(7)
के के जातका छन ् ?
उ के को बारमा
े अनसन्धान
ु
गद: छ ?
(8)
उःको गाउँ रमाईलो छ िक छै न
(9)
उ तराई गएको छ िक छै न
(10) उःको
?
?
तराई जाने िबचार छ िक छैन त
संख्या :
९१
९२
९३
९४
९५
९६
९७
९८
९९
१००
१०००
१००,०००
१०,०००,०००
१,०००,०००,०००
१०००००००००००
१०००००००००००००
१०००००००००००००००
१०००००००००००००००००
एकानUबे
बयानUबे
ऽीयानUबे
चौरानUबे
पञ्चानUबे
छयानUबे
सन्तानUबे
अन्ठानUबे
उनान्सय
सय
हजार
लाख
करोड
अरब
खरब
शंख
प›
नील
?
Lesson 14
Vocabulary :
रसमलाई
उमाल्नु
समाजशा‚ी
अनसन्धान
ु
िनvै
िबिभन्न
फरक फरक िकिसमका
िकिसम
बाउन (ॄाšमण)
क्षेऽी
गtu
ु
तामाu
दमाई
कामी
धामी झाँबV
चल्नु
अथबा
जेपिन
मामा
कानो
जाती
खाना साना
जीबन िनबार्ह गनु र्
rasmalai, a kind of sweet
to boil
social scientist
research
very
various, different
different kinds
kind, sort
Brahmin (highest Hindu caste, priestly
caste)
Chhetri (2nd highest Hindu caste,
warrior caste)
an ethnic group who speak a TibetoBurman language
an ethnic group who speak a TibetoBurman language
tailor caste (“untouchable”)
blacksmith caste (“untouchable”)
shaman, traditional healer
to run, to work out, to function
or
anything
uncle (maternal)
blind
kind, good
food and some eating stuff
to make a living
175
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Nepali: A Beginner’s Primer
Grammar Notes :
1) The past progressive tense is made by dropping न ु from the root verb and adding
दै + the appropriate conjugation of िथयो.
उदाहरण :
म
तपाई
व़हाँ
हामी
जाँदैिथएँ ।
जादैहनहिन्थयो
।
ु ुु
जादैहनहिन्थयो
।
ु ुु
जादैिथयg ।
See the table for the complete conjugation.
Like the present progressive, this form also does not have a negative conjugation,
although you may occasionally hear it in spoken Nepali. To give a negative response
to a question, simply negate the question with
होईन
and then say what you are
doing.
उदाहरणको लािग :
तपाई पढ्दैहनहिन्थयो
?
ु ुु
होईन, म लेख्दैिथएँ ।
Were you studying?
No, I was writing.
2) The past perfect tense is made by using the unconjugated past tense ...एको
appropriate conjugation of िथयो.
+ the
Lesson 14
177
उदाहरणको लािग :
म गएको िथएँ / िथईन
तपाई जानभएको
िथयो / िथएन
ु
उनीहt गएका िथए / िथएनन ्
I had gone/not gone
You had gone/not gone
They had gone/ not gone
See the table for the complete conjugation.
3) In spoken or even in written Nepali, a word is sometimes repeated by changing
the initial letter of the word to “s” to give the meaning the plural of that particular
word, or to imply types or variations of that thing.
उदाहरण :
खाना साना
िचया िसया
माईक साईक
क्याथी ःयाथी आएर िचया
िसया खाएर गफ सफ गररे
गए ।
foods, or food and other stuff to eat
tea and stuff
Mike and somebody
Kathy and some other people came and
they had tea and things and they chatted
and stuff for a while and went.
4)
नहनेु मामा भन्दा कानो मामा
जाती
Even a blind uncle is better than having no uncle.
Meaning: something is better than nothing
178
Nepali: A Beginner’s Primer
Objectives:
By the end of this lesson, you should be able to:
•
use and count all the numbers
•
know and use past the progressive tense
•
know and use the past perfect tense
Exercises:
Translation:
1) He had eaten रसमलाई in Nepal, but not पेडा.
2) Last night David and some other people were counting 10 million rupees.
3) When I came to see them last night they were playing cards (तास and such).
Now also make up three of your own sentences.
Applications:
1) Describe what your friend was doing the day before yesterday using the past
progressive tense.
2) Ask your younger sister if she has sent the letter you asked her to. Use the
past perfect tense.
पाठ १५
(A)
A:
यो पढ्ने कोठा हो िक सBु ने
?
B:
यो पढ्ने कोठा हो ।
A:
यो कोठामा कितव़टा मेच छन ् ?
B:
A:
B:
यो कोठामा चारव़टा मेच छन ् ।
याहाँ कितजना मािनस छन ् ?
याहाँ सातजना मािनस छन ् ।
A:
उनीहt अिहले के
B:
उनीहt अिहले नेपाली िसक्दै छन ् ।
गद: छन् ?
अनबाद
ु :
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
Is this a study room or a bedroom?
This is a study room.
How many chairs are here in this room?
There are four chairs in this room.
How many people are here?
There are seven people here.
What are they doing now?
They are learning Nepali now.
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Nepali: A Beginner’s Primer
(B)
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
हाॆो क्लास िबहान कित बजे शtु हन्छ
ु ?
हाॆो क्लास िबहान ८ बजे शtु हन्छ
ु ।
कित बजे िसिधन्छ ?
ूाय गररे १२ बजे िसिधन्छ ।
कोन्यार्ल किFको राॆो ,बिँ?,ब.ालय हो ?
एकदम राॆो, तर महuो ,बिँ?,ब.ालय हो ।
अनबाद
ु :
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
What time does our class begin in the morning?
Our class begins at 8 in the morning.
What time is it over?
Usually at 12 o’clock.
How good a university is Cornell?
It is really good, but very expensive.
Lesson 15
(C)
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
तपाईको पिरबारमा कितजना छन ् ?
मेरो पिरबारमा पाँचजना छन ् ।
को को छन ् ?
बा, आमा, एकजना िददी, एकजना भाई र म ।
तपाईको बा के काम गनहन्छ
ु र् ु ?
मेरो बा डाक्टर हनहन्छ
ु ुु ।
तपाईको आमा नी ?
आमा अःपतालमा नस र् हनहन्छ
ु ुु ।
तपाईको िददी के काम गनहु र् न्छ
ु ?
व़हाँ ःकल
ुु ।
ू मा पढाउनहन्छ
भाई नी ?
उ ,ब.ाथ0 हो, कलेजमा पढ्छ ।
तपाई के काम गनहु र् न्छ
ु नी ?
म किष
ृ िवशेष„ हँु र िकसानलाई किष
ृ िसकाउछ ु ।
अनबाद
ु :
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
How many people are there in your family?
There are five people in my family.
Who is there?
My father, mother, one older sister, one younger brother and me.
What does your father do?
My father is a doctor.
How about your mother?
My mother is a nurse at the hospital.
What does your elder sister do?
She teaches at a school.
And your younger brother?
He is a student and goes to college.
What do you do then?
I am an agriculture specialist and I teach agriculture to farmers.
181
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Nepali: A Beginner’s Primer
(D)
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
बानजी
ु , अमेिरका आउनु भन्दा पिहले तपाई काहाँ हनहिन्थयो
ु ुु
अमेिरका आउनु भन्दा पिहले म नेपालमा िथएँ ।
Bयो बेलामा तपाई के गद: हनहिGथ
ु ु ु यो ?
Bयो बेलामा म कलेजमा पढ्दै िथएँ ।
के पढ्दै हनहिन्थयो
?
ु ुु
म भाषा सम्बिन्ध पढ्दै िथएँ ।
?
अनबाद
ु :
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
Banu, where were you before you came to the USA?
I was in Nepal before I came to the USA.
What were you doing at that time?
I was studying in college at that time (then).
What were you studying then?
I was studying (about) languages.
(E)
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
ितमी ईथका आएको कित भयो ?
म ईथका आएको चार हप्ता भयो ।
ईथकामा कित बःछौ ?
२ बष र् बःछ ु ।
ितमी के काम गछO ?
म कोGया)ल ,बिँ?,ब.ालयमा पढाउछ ु ।
ईथका आउनु भन्दा पिहले पिन ितमीले पढाएका िथयौ ?
होईन, पढाएको िथईन । ईथका आउनु भन्दा पिहले म आफ< पढ्दै िथएँ ।
Lesson 15
(E)
अनबाद
ु :
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
How long has it been since you came to Ithaca?
It has been four weeks.
How long will you stay in Ithaca?
I will stay for 2 years.
What do you do here?
I teach at Cornell University.
Had you taught before you came to Ithaca as well?
No, I hadn’t. Before I came to Ithaca I myself was studying.
183
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Nepali: A Beginner’s Primer
(F)
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
ितमीले िपजा खाएका छौ ?
खाएको छ ु ।
सUभन्दा पिहले किहले खाएका िथयौ ?
३ बष र् अिघ ।
काहाँ खाएका िथयौ ?
िसकागोको र•राँ
े ु मा ।
अमेिरका आउनु भन्दा पिहले खाएका िथएनौ ?
अहँ, खाएको िथईन ।
नेपालमा िपजा पाईदैन ?
पाईन्छ, िकन नपाईनु ।
िकन, नेपालमा छँ दाखेिर िपजा खान मन लाग्थेन ?
हो, मन लाग्थेन । बाःतबमा, मलाई िपजा Bयित मन पद: न ।
Bयसोभए नेपालमा बःदाखेिर ूायजसो ितमी के खान्œयौ त ?
नेपालमा हँदु ाखेिर त म दालभात खान्थP ।
नेपालमा छँ दा सध< दालभात खान्œयौ ?
हो ।
नेपालमा हँदु ाखेिर ितमी मिन्दरमा किFको जान्œयौ नी ?
किहलेकािहँ जान्थP ।
कन
ु मिन्दरमा जान्œयौ ?
पशपती
ु नाथ र ःव़यम्भु नाथको मिन्दरमा जान्थP ।
मिन्दर िभऽ जादाखेिर जFा
ु लगाएर जान हन्छ
ु िक हदैु न ?
पशपती
ु नाथको मिन्दर िभऽ जFा
ु लगाएर जान हदैु न तर ःव़यम्भु नाथको
मिन्दरमा हन्छ
ु ।
िकन, हँ ?
Bयो चलन हो । कनै
ु लगाएर जान मनाही छ ।
ु पिन िहन्द ु मिन्दर िभऽ जFा
नेपालमा जात ूथा छ िक छै न, र मािनसहt धे रैजसो कन
ु धम र् मान्छन ् ?
Lesson 15
B:
185
जात ूथा छ, तर नयाँ मािनसहt Bयित मान्दैनन ् र धमको
र् हकमा
मािनसहt धे रैजसो िहन्द ु धम र् मान्छन ् अिन Bयःपिछ बध्द
ु धम र् मान्छन ् ।
मेरो िबचारमा दईु तीन ूितसत मािनसहt अt धम र् पिन मान्छन ् होला ।
अनबाद
ु :
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
Have you (ever) eaten pizza?
Yes, I have.
When did you have it for the first time?
3 years ago.
Where?
In a restaurant in Chicago.
You had not eaten it before you came to America?
No, I had not.
It is not available in Nepal?
Why not, it is available.
Why, while you were in Nepal, you didn’t use to feel like eating it?
Yes, I didn’t use to feel like it. In fact I don’t like it that much.
So, while you were in Nepal what did you normally eat then?
While I was in Nepal I used to eat daal-bhaat.
Always?
Yes.
How often you used to go to the temple while you were in Nepal?
Sometimes.
To which temples?
I used to go to the temple of Pashupati Nath (a Hindu temple) and
Swayambhu Nath (a Buddhist temple).
When going in the temple are you allowed to go with your shoes on?
Not in Pashupati. But you are allowed in Swayambhu Nath.
Do you know why?
That is the tradition/custom. It is prohibited to go inside any Hindu temple
with shoes on.
Is there a caste system in Nepal and what religion do people practice over
there?
Yes there is caste system but the new generation doesn’t believe much in
that. And in terms of religion, most people practice Hinduism, then
Buddhism, and I believe about 2 to 3 percent of the people practice other
religions.
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Nepali: A Beginner’s Primer
िहसाब :
जोड
६१
६२
१२३
+
घटाउ
६४
- ६३
१
गणन
ु
१५
x
४
६०
187
Lesson 15
Comprehension:
ँयामको घर िऽशली
ू छै न । उःको बा हनहन्
ु हो । उःको पिरबार सानो छ, ठलो
ु ु ुन ।
उःको आमा, एकजना छोरा र उःको ौीमती छन ् । आजभोली िदउसो उ किष
ृ
अिफसमा तािलम िदन्छ । उःलाई किषको
बारमा
ृ
े िसकाउन सिजलो लाग्छ । बेलका
ु
उ पःतकालयमा
गएर पढ्छ । उ ूायगररे बेलका
ु
ु ६ बजे देिख ९ बजे सम्म
पःतकालयमा
बसेर पढ्छ । पःतकालय
जानु भन्दा पिहले उ ौीमतीलाई तरकारी
ु
ु
िकन्नको लािग पैसा िदन्छ ।
तलका ूँनका जवाफ िदनसु:्
(क)
ँयामको घर काहाँ हो
(ख)
उःको पिरबार सानो छ िक ठलो
ू छ
(ग)
(घ)
(ङ)
(च)
(छ)
(ज)
(झ)
उःको बा हनहन्छ
ु ुु
?
?
?
उःको पिरबारमा को को हनु हन्छ
ुु
?
उ िदउसो के काम गछ र् ?
उःलाई किष
ृ को तािलमिदन सिजलो िक गा॑ो लाग्छ
?
उ बेलका
ु के गछ र् ?
कित बजे देिख कितबजे सम्म उ पःतकालयमा
पढ्छ
ु
?
पःतकालय
जानु भन्दा पिहले उ उःको ौीमतीलाई के िकन्नको
ु
लािग पैसा िदन्छ
?
188
Nepali: A Beginner’s Primer
Vocabulary :
शtु हनु ु
िसिधनु
किFको ?
ूायगररे
किष
ृ
िवशेष„
िकसान
मनाही
िपजा
बाःतबमा
चलन
मिन्दर
जात-ूथा
धम र्
मान्नु
ूितसत
िबःव़ास
to begin
to finish
how much? / how often?
usually
agriculture
specialist
farmer
prohibition
pizza
in fact
custom
temple
caste system
religion
to obey, to practice, to regard, to
respect
percent
belief
189
Lesson 15
Grammar Notes :
1) न ु
भन्दा पिहले - before doing something
root verb X + भन्दा
पिहले = before doing root verb X
उदाहरणको लािग :
िबहान ःकल
ू मा जानु भन्दा पिहले म
िबहानको खाजा खान्छ ु ।
खाना खानु भन्दा पिहले हात धनु ु पछ र् ।
पानी पनु र् भन्दा पिहले बादल लाग्छ ।
खानु भन्दा पिहले पकाउनु पछ र् ।
2) कया
ृ
+ दा / दाखेिर =
..दा / दाखेिर
In the morning, before going to
school, I eat breakfast.
You should wash your hands
before eating.
It becomes cloudy before it rains.
You have to cook before eating.
while…….
Examples:
खानु + दा / दाखेिर
हनुु
+ दा / दाखेिर
पढ्नु + दा / दाखेिर
= खादा / खादाखेिर
while eating
= हदा
ु / हदाखे
ु िर
while being
= पढ्दा / पढ्दाखेिर
while studying
उदाहरणको लािग बाक्यमा ूयोग गदार् / गदार्खेिर यसिर ूयोग गिरन्छ:
(१)
खाना खादा / खादाखेिर उ बोल्दैन ।
He doesn’t speak while eating.
(२)
िहउँ पदार् / पदार्खेिर जाडो हन्छ
ु ।
It becomes cold while it snows.
190
Nepali: A Beginner’s Primer
(३)
माकर् सBदाखे
ु िर एकदम घछु र् ।
Mark snores a lot when he sleeps.
3) For the conjugation of past habitual tense see the attached table.
Objectives:
By the end of this lesson, you should be able to:
•
भन्दा पिहले
know the structure .....दा / दाखेिर
•
know the past habitual tense and use it in appropriate situations
•
know and use the structure ....न ु
Exercises:
Translation:
1) Before he arrives, I would like to clean my apartment.
2) Before coming to Ithaca, where did you used to live?
3) While studying in high school what subjects used to come easily to you?
4) While eating daal-bhaat, I always eat with my hands.
5) Before singing the song at the party, he practiced a lot at home.
6) She had a habit of seeing her grandmother on Sundays.
7) When her grandmother was sick, she used to go to see her three times a
week.
8) Before we go, I feel like eating rice and stuff.
9) While you were going on the bus yesterday morning, was it very crowded?
10) I used to walk (walk and go) to school every day.
Applications:
1) Ask someone what s/he used to do when s/he was in their home country.
पाठ १६
(A)
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
ितमी कन
ु भाषा बोल्छौ ?
म अँमेजी बोल्छ ु ।
ितमी अिहले कन
ु भाषा िसक्दैछौ
म अिहले नेपाली िसक्दैछ ु ।
ितमी नेपालमा कित बःछौ ?
दईु वष र् ।
ितमी टिरŸ
हौ ?
ु
म टिर•
होईन । ,ब.ाथ0 हँु ।
ु
ए ! हो ?
हो ।
ितमी के को ,ब.ाथ0 हौ ?
म अथशा‚को
र्
,ब.ाथ0 हँ ु ।
ितमी कित वष र् भयौ ?
म तीस वष र् भएँ ।
?
192
Nepali: A Beginner’s Primer
अनबाद
ु :
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
(A)
Which language do you speak?
I speak English.
Which language are you leaning now?
I am learning Nepali.
How long will you stay in Nepal?
Two years.
Are you a tourist?
I am not a tourist.
What do you do then?
I am a student.
Oh! Is that so?
Yes.
What is your field of study?
I am a student of economics.
How old are you?
I am thirty years old.
(B)
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
यो के हो ?
यो नक्शा हो ।
यो कन
ु देशको नक्शा हो ?
यो नेपालको नक्शा हो ।
ईलाम कताितर पछ र् ?
ईलाम पवू ितर
र् पछ र् ।
जम्ला
ु कताितर पछ र् ?
जम्ला
ु पिँचमितर पछ र् ।
नेपालको उFरमा कन
ु देश पछ र् ?
नेपालको उFरमा चीन पछ र् ।
नेपालको दिक्षणमा कन
ु दे श पछ र् ?
नेपालको दिक्षणमा भारत पछ र् ।
Lesson 16
अनबाद
ु :
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
(B)
What is this?
This is a map.
Which country’s map is this?
This is a map of Nepal.
Which direction is Ilam?
Ilam is to the east.
Which direction is Jumla?
It is to the west.
Which country is to the north of Nepal?
China is north of Nepal.
Which country is south of Nepal?
India is south of Nepal.
(C)
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
तपाईको डे रा काहाँ छ ?
मेरो डे रा कायगा
ु िःशटमा छ ।
कोGया)ल बाट कायगा
ु िःशट कताितर पछ र् ?
कोGया)ल बाट कायगा
ु िःशट पिँचमितर पछ र् ।
तपाई डे रा बाट कोGया)ल कसरी आउनहन्छ
ुु ?
म िहडे र आउछ ु ।
तपाईको डे रा बाट िहडे र आउन कित बेर लाग्छ ?
मेरो डे रा बाट कोGया)ल िहडे र आउन झXडै ३५ िमनेट लाग्छ ।
बसमा आउन कित बेर लाग्छ ?
बसमा आउन झXडै १५ िमनेट लाग्छ ?
193
194
Nepali: A Beginner’s Primer
(C)
अनबाद
ु :
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
Where is your apartment?
My apartment is on Cayuga Street.
Which direction is Cayuga Street from Cornell?
Cayuga Street is west of Cornell.
How do you get to Cornell from your apartment?
I walk.
How long does it take you to come on foot from your apartment to Cornell?
It takes almost 35 minutes by foot.
How long is it by bus?
It takes almost 15 minutes.
(D)
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
तपाईको चुरोट खाने बानी छ ?
अहँ, मेरो खाने बानी छै न ।
तपाईको के गनL बानी छ त ?
मेरो िकताब पढ्ने बानी छ ।
तपाई कन
ुु ?
ु बेला िकताब पढ्नहन्छ
म राती सBु नु भन्दा पिहले िकताब पढ्छ ु ।
पढे पिछ माऽ िनन्िा लाग्छ िक कसो हो ?
हो, नऽ िढलो िनन्िा लाग्छ ।
Lesson 16
(D)
अनबाद
ु :
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
Do you have the habit of smoking cigarettes?
No, I don’t have a habit of smoking.
What kind of habit do you have then?
I have a habit of reading books.
What time do you read books?
I read before I go to bed.
You feel sleepy only after reading a book, is that so?
Yes, otherwise I can’t get to sleep until late (lit: I feel sleepy late).
195
196
Nepali: A Beginner’s Primer
Comprehension:
िहजो राती ठलो
ू भोज िथयो । म र िपटर पिन भोजमा गयg । Bयाहाँ धे रै
िकिसमका खाना थीए र धे रै िकिसमका िपउने करा
ु पिन िथए । मेरो धे रै रक्सी
खाने बानी छै न । तर िपटरले धे रै रक्सी खायो, उःको रक्सी खाने बानी छ ।
रक्सी खानु भन्दा पिहले उःले रक्सीमा टिनक व़ाटर िमसायो । रक्सी खाएपिछ
उःले खाना खायो तर मैले चािहँ उःले खाना खानु भन्दा पिहले खाना खाएँ ।
उःले खाना खादाखेिर म अt साथी सँग गफसफ गद: िथएँ । जेहोस, िपटरलाई
एकदम रक्सी लाग्यो । उ राॆो सँग िह—न पिन सक्थेन ।
(क)
िहजो राती के िथयो
(ख)
भोजमा को को गयg
(ग)
Bयाहाँ कित िकिसमको खाना िथयो
(घ)
रक्सी र िबयर पिन िथयो
(ङ)
तपाईले के िपउनभयो
ु
(च)
(छ)
(ज)
(झ)
(ञ)
(ट)
िपटरले नी
?
?
?
?
?
?
रक्सी खानु भन्दा पिहले िपटरले के
उःले कन
ु बेला खाना खायो
उःले खाना खादा तपाई के
?
गद:
उःलाई किFको रक्सी लाग्यो
गयC ?
हनहिन्थयो
ु ुु
?
उ राॆो सँग िह—न सक्œयो िक सक्थेन
?
?
Lesson 16
Vocabulary :
टिर•
ु
िबदे शी
नक्शा
देश
कताितर ?
पबू र्
पिँचम
उFर
दिक्षण
ईलाम
जम्ला
ु
मःताu
ु
िबरगञ्ज
चीन
भारत
िहडे र आउनु
बेर
बानी
िक कसो हो
नऽ
tourist
foreigner
map
country
in which direction ?
east
west
north
south
Ilam
Jumla
Mustang
Birgunj
China
India
to come by walking
time, duration
habit
?
is that the way it is?
otherwise
197
198
Nepali: A Beginner’s Primer
Objectives:
By the end of this lesson you should be able to:
•
know, ask and give directions
Exercises:
Questions:
1) Describe the location of at least 10 places (cities, mountains, countries) in or
around Nepal, based on the map given to you in class.
Applications:
1) Explain that you have a habit of drinking coffee in the morning before going
to class. Otherwise it is difficult to wake up.
2) Ask a friend next to you what does s/he usually do before s/he goes to work?
And also ask if s/he has any particular habits.
199
Nepal’s Administrative Boundaries
For administrative purposes, Nepal is divided into 14 zones and 75 districts.
These zones and districts are listed on the following page in both the Nepali
(Devanagari) script and also in correct Indological transliteration following the
phonological rules of Nepali. The districts which fall within a particular zone are
shown indented to the right.
मची
े
जनकपरु
इलाम
झापा
पाँचथर
ताप्लजङ
े ु
कोशी
मोरङ
ु
धनषा
महोKरी
सलार्ही
ु
@सMधली
रामछाप
े
दोलखा
ु
सनसरी
नारायणी
त॑थम
े ु
बारा
ु
धनकटा
भोजपरु
सख=ासभा
ं ु
सगरमाथा
सप्तरी
@सराहा
उदयपरु
खोटाङ
ु
ओखलढGा
ु ु ु
सोलखम्ब
रौतहट
पसार्
िचत=न
मकवानपरु
बाग्मती
ल@लतपरु
काॅे
भUपरु
काठमाडX
धाYदङ
200
ु
@सMधपाZचोक
ु
न=ाकोट
राप्ती
दाङ
ु
रस=ा
ु
प्यठान
रोZपा
ग[डक\
सZयान
तनहँ ु
ु
_कम
गोरखा
बाँके
ु
लमजङ
ःया^जा
काःक\
मनाङ
ु
लिम्बनी
नवलपरासी
_पMदही
े
पाZपा
क`पलवःतु
अघार्खाँची
ु
गZमी
धौलागीरी
ु
बाग्लङ
पवर्त
म्याग्दी
ु
मःताङ
भरी
े
बYदर्या
ु त
सखc
जाजरकोट
दलख
ै े
कणार्ली
डोZपा
ु
जम्ला
का@लकोट
ु ु
मग
हम्ला
ु
201
सती
े
कलाली
ै
अछाम
डोटी
ु
बाजरा
बझाङ
माहाकाली
कeचनपरु
डडलधरा
े ु
बतडी
ै
ु ा
दाचर्ल
202
203
Verb Conjugations
Table 1: Pronouns
I
you (polite)
you (familiar)
he (familiar)
she (familiar)
he/she (polite)
this
that
singular
plural
म / मल
ै े
हामीह( / -ले
तपाई / -ले
,तमी / -ले
उ / उःले
,तनी / -ले
1हाँ / -ले
यो / यःले
6यो / 6यःले
तपाईह( / -ले
you (polite)
you (familiar)
he (familiar)
she (familiar)
he/she (polite)
this
that
you (familiar plural)
,तनीह( / -ले
they (familiar)
ऊनीह( / -ले
she (familiar plural)
1हाँह( / -ले
they (polite)
5यनीह( (यी/ई) / -ले
,तनीह( (ती) / -ले
singular
plural
हँ ु
ह8
हौ
हौ
ु 9छ
हन
ु ह
ु
you (polite plural)
,तमीह( / -ले
Table 2: The verb ‘to be’ - present positive
I
we
these
those
हो
we
ु 9छ
हन
ु ह
ु
you (polite plural)
हन
ु ्
they (familiar)
ु 9ु छ
हन
ु ह
ु 9छ
हन
ु ह
ु
they (polite)
हो
हन
ु ्
those
हो
हन
ु ्
हो
you (familiar plural)
हन
ु ्
she (familiar plural)
हन
ु ्
these
204
Table 3: The verb ‘to be’ - present negative
I
you (polite)
you (familiar)
he (familiar)
she (familiar)
he/she (polite)
this
that
singular
plural
होईन
होईन8
ु 9ु न
हन
ु ह
होईनौ
होईन
होई,नन्
ु 9ु न
हन
ु ह
होईन
होईन
you (polite)
you (polite plural)
होईनन्
they (familiar)
होईनौ
होईनन्
you (familiar)
he (familiar)
होईनन्
those
होईनन्
she (familiar)
he/she (polite)
this
that
भए ँ
भय8
भयो
भइन्
she (familiar plural)
they (polite)
plural
भयौ
you (familiar plural)
ु 9ु न
हन
ु ह
singular
ु यो
हन
ु भ
we
ु 9ु न
हन
ु ह
Table 4: The verb ‘to be’ - past positive
I
होईन
these
भयो
we
हनभयो
ु ु
you (polite plural)
भए
they (familiar)
भयौ
भए
you (familiar plural)
she (familiar plural)
हनभयो
ु ु
हनभयो
ु ु
they (polite)
भयो
भए
those
भयो
भए
these
205
Table 5: The verb ‘to be’ - past negative
I
you (polite)
you (familiar)
he (familiar)
she (familiar)
he/she (polite)
this
that
singular
plural
भईन
भएन8
ु एन
हन
ु भ
भएनौ
भएन
भईनन्
ु एन
हन
ु भ
भएन
भएन
भएन
ु एन
हन
ु भ
you (polite plural)
भएनन्
they (familiar)
भएनौ
भएनन्
you (polite)
you (familiar)
he (familiar)
she (familiar)
he/she (polite)
this
that
you (familiar plural)
she (familiar plural)
ु एन
हन
ु भ
they (polite)
भएनन्
those
भएनन्
Table 6: The verb ‘to be’ - present positive
I
we
singular
plural
छु
छ8
these
छ
we
ु 9ु छ
हन
ु ह
ु 9छ
हन
ु ह
ु
you (polite plural)
छ
छन्
they (familiar)
छौ
,छन्
ु 9छ
हन
ु ह
ु
छ
छ
छौ
छन्
you (familiar plural)
she (familiar plural)
ु 9छ
हन
ु ह
ु
they (polite)
छन्
those
छन्
these
206
Table 7: The verb ‘to be’ - present negative
I
you (polite)
you (familiar)
he (familiar)
she (familiar)
he/she (polite)
this
that
singular
plural
छन
ै
छन8
ै
ु 9ु न
हन
ु ह
छनौ
ै
छन
ै
्
छ,नन
ै
ु 9ु न
हन
ु ह
छन
ै
छन
ै
you (polite)
you (familiar)
he (familiar)
she (familiar)
he/she (polite)
this
that
we
ु 9ु न
हन
ु ह
you (polite plural)
छनन
ै ्
they (familiar)
छनौ
ै
छनन
ै ्
you (familiar plural)
she (familiar plural)
ु 9ु न
हन
ु ह
they (polite)
छनन
ै ्
those
छनन
ै ्
Table 8: The verb ‘to be’ - past positive
I
छैन
singular
plural
,थए ँ
,थय8
these
िथयो
we
ु ि9थ
हन
ु ह
ु यो
ु ि9थयो
हन
ु ह
ु
you (polite plural)
,थयो
,थए
they (familiar)
,थयौ
,थईन्
,थयौ
,थए
you (familiar plural)
she (familiar plural)
ु ि9थयो
हन
ु ह
ु
ु ि9थयो
हन
ु ह
ु
they (polite)
,थयो
,थए
those
,थयो
,थए
these
207
Table 9: The verb ‘to be’ - past negative
I
you (polite)
you (familiar)
he (familiar)
she (familiar)
he/she (polite)
singular
plural
,थईन
,थएन8
ु ि9थएन
हन
ु ह
ु
,थएनौ
,थएन
,थईनन्
ु ि9थएन
हन
ु ह
ु
,थएन
this
,थएन
that
िथएन
we
ु ि9थएन
हन
ु ह
ु
you (polite plural)
,थएनन्
they (familiar)
,थएनौ
,थएनन्
you (familiar plural)
she (familiar plural)
ु ि9थएन
हन
ु ह
ु
they (polite)
,थएनन्
those
,थएनन्
these
Table 10: The verb ‘to be’ - future, habitual positive
I
you (polite)
you (familiar)
he (familiar)
she (familiar)
he/she (polite)
this
that
हनुु
singular
plural
ह9छ
ु ु
ह9छ8
ु
we
ह9छौ
ु
ह9छौ
ु
you (familiar plural)
्
हि9छन
ु
्
ह9छन
ु
she (familiar plural)
ह9छ
ु न्
these
ु 9छ
हन
ु ह
ु
ह9छ
ु
ु 9छ
हन
ु ह
ु
ह9छ
ु
ह9छ
ु
ु 9छ
हन
ु ह
ु
you (polite plural)
्
ह9छन
ु
they (familiar)
ु 9छ
हन
ु ह
ु
they (polite)
्
ह9छन
ु
those
208
Table 11: The verb ‘to be’ - future, habitual negative
I
you (polite)
you (familiar)
he (familiar)
she (familiar)
he/she (polite)
this
that
singular
plural
हBदन
ु
हदन8
ु ै
we
हदनौ
ु ै
हदनौ
ु ै
you (familiar plural)
हदनन
ु ै ्
she (familiar plural)
हदनन
ु ै ्
these
ु 9ु न
हन
ु ह
ु 9ु न
हन
ु ह
you (polite plural)
हदन
ु ै
हदनन
ु ै ्
they (familiar)
ु 9ु न
हन
ु ह
ु 9ु न
हन
ु ह
they (polite)
हदनन
ु ै ्
those
्
हBदनन
ु
हदन
ु ै
हदन
ु ै
Table 12: The verb ‘to sing’ - present positive
I
you (polite)
you (familiar)
he (familiar)
she (familiar)
he/she (polite)
this
that
हनुु
singular
plural
गाउछु
गाउछ8
गाउनु
we
ु ु
गाउनह9छ
ु ु
गाउनह9छ
you (polite plural)
गाउछ
गाउछन्
they (familiar)
गाउछौ
गाउ,छन्
ु ु
गाउनह9छ
गाउछ
गाउछ
गाउछौ
गाउछन्
you (familiar plural)
she (familiar plural)
ु ु
गाउनह9छ
they (polite)
गाउछन्
those
गाउछन्
these
209
Table 13: The verb ‘to hear’ - present positive
I
you (polite)
you (familiar)
he (familiar)
she (familiar)
he/she (polite)
this
that
singular
plural
ु ु
स9छ
ु
स9छ8
ु 9छ
स9ु नह
ु
ु
स9छौ
ु
स9छ
ु
्
सि9छन
ु 9छ
स9ु नह
ु
ु
स9छ
ु
स9छ
you (polite)
you (polite plural)
ु
्
स9छन
they (familiar)
ु
स9छौ
ु
्
स9छन
you (familiar)
he (familiar)
ु
्
स9छन
those
ु
्
स9छन
she (familiar)
he/she (polite)
this
that
खाBदन
खादन8
ै
खादन
ै
खाBदनन्
ु ुन
खानह9
खादन
ै
खादन
ै
she (familiar plural)
they (polite)
plural
खादनौ
ै
you (familiar plural)
ु 9छ
स9ु नह
ु
singular
ु ुन
खानह9
we
ु 9छ
स9ु नह
ु
Table 14: The verb ‘to eat’ - present negative
I
सन्ु नु
these
खानु
we
ु ुन
खानह9
you (polite plural)
खादनन
ै ्
they (familiar)
खादनौ
ै
खादनन
ै ्
you (familiar plural)
she (familiar plural)
ु ुन
खानह9
they (polite)
खादनन
ै ्
those
खादनन
ै ्
these
210
Table 15: The verb ‘to eat’ - past positive
I
you (polite)
you (familiar)
he (familiar)
she (familiar)
he/she (polite)
this
that
singular
plural
खाए ँ
खाय8
ु
खानभयो
खायौ
खायो
खाइन्
ु
खानभयो
खायो
खायो
ु
खानभयो
खायौ
खाए
खाए
ु
खानभयो
खाए
खाए
Table 16: The verb ‘to eat’ - past negative
I
you (polite)
you (familiar)
he (familiar)
she (familiar)
he/she (polite)
this
that
singular
plural
खाइन
खाएन8
खानुभएन
खाएनौ
खाएन
खाइनन्
ु
खानभएन
खाएन
खाएन
ु
खानभएन
खाएनौ
खाएनन्
खाएनन्
ु
खानभएन
खाएनन्
खाएनन्
खानु
we
you (polite plural)
you (familiar plural)
they (familiar)
she (familiar plural)
they (polite)
these
those
खानु
we
you (polite plural)
you (familiar plural)
they (familiar)
she (familiar plural)
they (polite)
these
those
211
Table 17: The verb ‘to go’ - present positive
I
singular
plural
जा9छु
जा9छ8
ु ु
जानह9छ
you (polite)
जा9छौ
you (familiar)
जा9छ
he (familiar)
जाि9छन्
she (familiar)
he/she (polite)
ु ु
जानह9छ
जा9छ
this
जा9छ
that
you (polite)
you (polite plural)
जा9छन्
they (familiar)
जा9छौ
जा9छन्
you (familiar)
he (familiar)
जा9छन्
those
जा9छन्
she (familiar)
he/she (polite)
this
that
जा9दछु
जा9दछ8
जा9दछ
जा9द,छन्
जा9नुह9छ
ु
जा9दछ
जा9दछ
she (familiar plural)
they (polite)
plural
जा9दछौ
you (familiar plural)
ु ु
जानह9छ
singular
जा9नुह9छ
ु
we
ु ु
जानह9छ
Table 18: The verb ‘to know’ - present positive
I
जानु
these
जान्नु
we
जा9नुह9छ
ु
you (polite plural)
जा9दछन्
they (familiar)
जा9दछौ
जा9दछन्
you (familiar plural)
she (familiar plural)
जा9नुह9छ
ु
they (polite)
जा9दछन्
those
जा9दछन्
these
212
Table 19: The verb ‘to eat’ - present progressive positive
I
you (polite)
you (familiar)
he (familiar)
she (familiar)
he/she (polite)
singular
plural
खादछ
ै ु
खादछ8
ै
खादहनह9छ
ै ु ु ु
खादछौ
ै
खादछ
ै
्
खाद,छन
ै
खादहनह9छ
ै ु ु ु
खादछ
ै
this
खादछ
ै
that
we
खादहनह9छ
ै ु ु ु
you (polite plural)
्
खादछन
ै
they (familiar)
खादछौ
ै
्
खादछन
ै
you (familiar plural)
she (familiar plural)
खादहनह9छ
ै ु ु ु
they (polite)
्
खादछन
ै
those
्
खादछन
ै
these
Table 20: The verb ‘to go’ - past progressive positive
I
you (polite)
you (familiar)
he (familiar)
she (familiar)
he/she (polite)
this
that
खानु
singular
plural
जादै ,थए ँ
जादै ,थय8
जानु
we
जादै हनहि9थ
ु ु ु यो जादै हनहि9थयो
ु ु ु
you (polite plural)
जादै ,थयो
they (familiar)
जादै ,थयौ
जादै ,थईन
जादै ,थयौ
जादै ,थए
जादै ,थए
you (familiar plural)
she (familiar plural)
जादै हनहि9थयो
जादै हनहि9थ
ु ु ु
ु ु ु यो
they (polite)
जादै ,थयो
those
जादै ,थयो
जादै ,थए
जादै ,थए
these
213
Table 21: The verb ‘to go’ - present perfect positive
I
singular
plural
गएको छु
गएका छ8
ु
जानभएको
छ
you (polite)
you (familiar)
he (familiar)
she (familiar)
he/she (polite)
गएको छौ
गएको छ
गएकI ,छन्
ु
जानभएको
छ
गएको छ
this
गएको छ
that
ु
जानभएको
छ
गएका छौ
गएका छन्
गएका छन्
ु
जानभएको
छ
गएका छन्
गएका छन्
we
you (polite plural)
you (familiar plural)
they (familiar)
she (familiar plural)
they (polite)
these
those
Table 22: The verb ‘to go’ - present perfect negative
I
you (polite)
you (familiar)
he (familiar)
she (familiar)
he/she (polite)
this
that
singular
plural
गएको छन
ै
गएका छन8
ै
ु
जानभएको
छन
ै
गएको छनौ
ै
गएको छन
ै
्
गएकI छ,नन
ै
ु
जानभएको
छन
ै
गएको छन
ै
गएको छन
ै
ु
जानभएको
छन
ै
गएका छनौ
ै
गएका छनन
ै ्
गएका छनन
ै ्
ु
जानभएको
छन
ै
गएका छनन
ै ्
गएका छनन
ै ्
जानु
जानु
we
you (polite plural)
you (familiar plural)
they (familiar)
she (familiar plural)
they (polite)
these
those
214
Table 23: The verb ‘to go’ - present perfect progressive positive
I
you (polite)
you (familiar)
he (familiar)
she (familiar)
he/she (polite)
singular
plural
गईरहको
छु
े
गईरहका
छ8
े
ु
गईरहनभएको
छ
गईरहको
छौ
े
गईरहको
छ
े
गईरहकI
,छन ्
े
ु
गईरहनभएको
छ
गईरहको
छ
े
this
गईरहको
छ
े
that
ु
गईरहनभएको
छ
गईरहका
छौ
े
गईरहका
छन ्
े
गईरहका
छन ्
े
ु
गईरहनभएको
छ
गईरहका
छन ्
े
गईरहका
छन ्
े
we
you (polite plural)
you (familiar plural)
they (familiar)
she (familiar plural)
they (polite)
these
those
Table 24: The verb ‘to go’ - present perfect progressive negative
I
you (polite)
you (familiar)
he (familiar)
she (familiar)
he/she (polite)
this
that
singular
plural
गईरहको
छन
ै
े
गईरहका
छन8
ै
े
ु
गईरहनभएको
छन
ै
गईरहको
छनौ
ै
े
गईरहको
छन
ै
े
्
गईरहकI
छ,नन
ै
े
ु
गईरहनभएको
छन
ै
गईरहको
छन
ै
े
गईरहको
छन
ै
े
ु
गईरहनभएको
छन
ै
गईरहका
छनौ
ै
े
गईरहका
छनन
ै ्
े
गईरहका
छनन
ै ्
े
ु
गईरहनभएको
छन
ै
गईरहका
छनन
ै ्
े
गईरहका
छनन
ै ्
े
जानु
जानु
we
you (polite plural)
you (familiar plural)
they (familiar)
she (familiar plural)
they (polite)
these
those
215
Table 25: The verb ‘to go’ - past perfect positive
I
singular
plural
गएको ,थए ँ
गएका ,थय8
ु
जानभएको
,थयो
you (polite)
you (familiar)
गएको ,थयौ
गएको ,थयो
he (familiar)
गएकI ,थइन्
she (familiar)
he/she (polite)
ु
जानभएको
,थयो
गएको ,थयो
this
गएको ,थयो
that
ु
जानभएको
,थयो
गएका ,थयौ
गएका ,थए
गएका ,थए
ु
जानभएको
,थयो
गएका ,थए
गएका ,थए
Table 26: The verb ‘to go’ - past perfect negative
I
you (polite)
you (familiar)
he (familiar)
she (familiar)
he/she (polite)
this
that
singular
plural
गएको ,थइन
गएका ,थएन8
ु
जानभएको
,थएन
गएको ,थएनौ
गएको ,थएन
गएकI ,थइनन्
ु
जानभएको
,थएन
गएको ,थएन
गएको ,थएन
ु
जानभएको
,थएन
गएका ,थएनौ
गएका ,थएनन्
गएका ,थएनन्
ु
जानभएको
,थएन
गएका ,थएनन्
गएका ,थएनन्
जानु
we
you (polite plural)
you (familiar plural)
they (familiar)
she (familiar plural)
they (polite)
these
those
जानु
we
you (polite plural)
you (familiar plural)
they (familiar)
she (familiar plural)
they (polite)
these
those
216
Table 27: The verb ‘to go’ - past perfect progressive positive
I
you (polite)
you (familiar)
he (familiar)
she (familiar)
he/she (polite)
singular
plural
गईरहको
,थए ँ
े
गईरहका
,थय8
े
ु
ु
गईरहनभएको
,थयो गईरहनभएको
,थयो
गईरहको
,थयौ
े
गईरहको
,थयो
े
गईरहकI
,थईन ्
े
गईरहको
,थयो
े
that
गईरहका
,थए
े
गईरहका
,थए
े
ु
ु
गईरहनभएको
,थयो गईरहनभएको
,थयो
गईरहको
,थयो
े
this
गईरहका
,थयौ
े
गईरहका
,थए
े
गईरहका
,थए
े
we
you (polite plural)
you (familiar plural)
they (familiar)
she (familiar plural)
they (polite)
these
those
Table 28: The verb ‘to go’ - past perfect progressive negative
I
you (polite)
you (familiar)
he (familiar)
she (familiar)
he/she (polite)
this
that
singular
plural
गईरहको
,थईन
े
गईरहका
,थएन8
े
ु
गईरहनभएको
,थएन
गईरहको
,थएनौ
े
गईरहको
,थयो
े
गईरहकI
,थईनन्
े
ु
गईरहनभएको
,थएन
गईरहको
,थयो
े
गईरहको
,थयो
े
ु
गईरहनभएको
,थएन
गईरहका
,थएनौ
े
गईरहका
,थएनन्
े
गईरहका
,थएनन ्
े
ु
गईरहनभएको
,थएन
गईरहका
,थएनन ्
े
गईरहका
,थएनन ्
े
जानु
जानु
we
you (polite plural)
you (familiar plural)
they (familiar)
she (familiar plural)
they (polite)
these
those
217
Table 29: The verb ‘to go’ - past habitual positive
I
you (polite)
you (familiar)
singular
plural
जा9थK
जा9Lय8
ु ु
जानह9Lयो
जा9Lयौ
जा9Lयो
he (familiar)
she (familiar)
he/she (polite)
जाि9थन्
ु ु
जानह9Lयो
जा9Lयो
this
जा9Lयो
that
you (polite)
you (polite plural)
जा9थे
they (familiar)
जा9Lयौ
जा9थे
you (familiar)
he (familiar)
जा9थे
those
जा9थे
she (familiar)
he/she (polite)
this
that
जाि9थन
जा9थन8
े
जा9थन
े
जाि9थनन्
ु ु े
जानह9थन
जा9थन
े
जा9थन
े
she (familiar plural)
they (polite)
plural
जा9थनौ
े
you (familiar plural)
ु ु
जानह9Lयो
singular
ु ु े
जानह9थन
we
ु ु
जानह9Lयो
Table 30: The verb ‘to go’ - past habitual negative
I
जानु
these
जानु
we
ु ु े
जानह9थन
you (polite plural)
जा9थनन
े ्
they (familiar)
जा9थनौ
े
जा9थनन
े ्
you (familiar plural)
she (familiar plural)
ु ु े
जानह9थन
they (polite)
जा9थनन
े ्
those
जा9थनन
े ्
these
218
Table 31: The verb ‘to go’ - past conditional positive
I
you (polite)
you (familiar)
he (familiar)
she (familiar)
he/she (polite)
singular
plural
जाने ,थए ँ
जाने ,थय8
ु ु े ,थयो
जानहन
जाने ,थयौ
जाने ,थयो
जाने ,थईन ्
ु ु े ,थयो
जानहन
जाने ,थयो
this
जाने ,थयो
that
you (polite)
you (polite plural)
जाने ,थए
they (familiar)
जाने ,थयौ
जाने ,थए
you (familiar)
he (familiar)
जाने ,थए
those
जाने ,थए
she (familiar)
he/she (polite)
this
that
जाने ,थइन
जाने ,थएन8
जाने ,थएन
जाने ,थइनन्
she (familiar plural)
they (polite)
plural
जाने ,थएनौ
you (familiar plural)
ु ु े ,थयो
जानहन
singular
ु ु े ,थएन
जानहन
we
ु ु े ,थयो
जानहन
Table 32: The verb ‘to go’ - past conditional negative
I
जानु
these
जानु
we
ु ु े ,थएन
जानहन
you (polite plural)
जाने ,थएनन ्
they (familiar)
जाने ,थएनौ
जाने ,थएनन ्
you (familiar plural)
she (familiar plural)
ु ु े ,थएन
जानहन
ु ु े ,थएन
जानहन
they (polite)
जाने ,थएन
जाने ,थएनन ्
those
जाने ,थएन
जाने ,थएनन ्
these