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Block Co-polymeric Nanocarriers: Design, Concept, and Therapeutic
Applications pp 381–410
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Block Co-polymeric Nanocarriers: Design, Concept, and Therapeutic Applications
Chapter
Applications of Block Copolymers as
Stimuli-Responsive Copolymers
Gouranga Dutta, Nilayan Guha, Debabrata Ghosh Dastidar
& Amlan Das
Chapter
First Online: 30 November 2023
24 Accesses
Abstract
Stimuli-responsive polymers (smart polymers) are
macromolecules that change their physicochemical
properties in response to specific triggers from the
external environment (e.g., heat, light, electrical or
magnetic fields), and endogenous stimuli (e.g., redox
reactions). In recent years, drug delivery and
diagnosis strategies have had enormous applications
of nanocarriers of intelligent polymers. A significant
Cart
number of natural polymers, synthetic copolymers,
and block copolymers have been employed in
fabricating biodegradable nanoparticles for various
biomedical applications. Block copolymers are
formed by joining two or more monomer blocks in a
chain. The recent developments in the synthesis of
block copolymers have made it possible to create
versatile intelligent polymers that can be tailored to
the specific needs of various applications. The
physicochemical properties of these polymers are
quite different from the polymers of natural origin. As
the chains of these block copolymers are composed
of a variety of monomers, each of which possesses its
unique properties, it is possible to use them in
targeted and controlled drug delivery as well as in
other biomedical applications by employing a
combination of endogenous and exogenous
stimulation. This chapter is focused on the synthesis,
chemistry, physicochemical properties,
characterization, and applications of multi-block
copolymers that are responsive to pH, temperature,
and redox potential. Special care is taken to elaborate
the application of such polymers in developing
multifunctional nanoparticles for cancer therapy.
Keywords
Intelligent polymers
Block copolymers
Nanocarriers
Stimuli-responsive
Cancer therapy
Tumor microenvironment
Biomedical applications
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Abbreviations
ABCPs: Amphiphilic block copolymers
AFM: Atomic force microscopy
ATRP: Atom transfer radical polymerization
BCPs: Block copolymers
BDS: Broadband dielectric spectroscopy
CMC: Critical micellization concentration
CNT: Carbon nanotube
DDS: Drug delivery systems
DHBCS: Double hydrophilic block copolymers
DIT: 2,2′-dithiodiethanol
DLS: Dynamic light scattering
DOX: Doxorubicin
DSC: Differential scanning calorimetry
EE:
Encapsulation effectiveness
EPR: Enhanced permeability and retention
ESR: Electron spin – resonance spectroscopy
FDSC: Flash differential scanning calorimetry
FSR: Fourier spectroscopic resonance
FTIR: Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy
GISAXS: Graze incidence small-angle X-ray
scattering
GMA: Glycerol methacrylate
GSH: Glutathione
GSSH: Oxidised GSH
HDMI: Hexamethylene diisocyanate
HEMA: Hydroxyethyl methacrylate
ICG: Indocyanine green
LCST: Lower critical solution temperature
MALS: Multi-angle light scattering
mPEG: Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether
MPS: Mononuclear phagocytes systems
MSN: Mesoporous silica nanoparticle
MTS: 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2Htetrazolium
MW: Molecular weight
NIR: Near infrared
NMR: Nuclear magnetic field resonance
spectroscopy
OM: Optical microscopy
ONBMA: o-nitrobenzyl methacrylate
PAA: Poly(acrylic acid)
PCB: poly(carboxybetaine)
PCL: Poly(ε-caprolactone)
PEG: Poly(ethylene glycol)
PHPMA: Poly(2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate)
PLA: Poly(lactic acid)
PLGA: Poly[lactide-co-glycolide]
PMMA: Polymethyl methacrylate
PMPC: Poly(2-meth-acryloyloxyethyl
phosphorylcholine)
PNIPAM: Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)
PTX: Paclitaxel
QELS: Quasi-elastic light scattering
RES: Reticuloendothelial system
SANS: Small-angle neutron scattering
SAXS: Small-angle X-ray scattering
SEC: Size-exclusion chromatography
SEM: Scanning electron microscopy
TEM: Transmission electron microscopy
THP: Tetrahydropyran
UV:
Ultraviolet-visible
WANS: Wide-angle neutron scattering
WAXS: Wide-angle X-ray scattering
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Author information
Gouranga Dutta and Nilayan Guha contributed
equally with all other contributors.
Authors and Affiliations
Department of Pharmaceutics, SRM College of
Pharmacy, SRM Institute of Science and
Technology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
Gouranga Dutta
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty
of Science and Engineering, Dibrugarh University,
Dibrugarh, Assam, India
Nilayan Guha
Department of Pharmaceutics, Guru Nanak
Institute of Pharmaceutical Science & Technology,
Kolkata, West Bengal, India
Debabrata Ghosh Dastidar
Department of Biochemistry, School of
Biosciences, The Assam Royal Global University,
Guwahati, Assam, India
Amlan Das
Corresponding author
Correspondence to Amlan Das .
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Department of Pharmaceutics, Amity Institute of
Pharmacy, Amity University Madhya Pradesh,
Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, India
Neeraj Mishra
Department of Pharmaceutics, Amity Institute of
Pharmacy, Amity University Madhya Pradesh,
Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, India
Vikas Pandey
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Cite this chapter
Dutta, G., Guha, N., Ghosh Dastidar, D., Das, A. (2023).
Applications of Block Copolymers as Stimuli-Responsive
Copolymers. In: Mishra, N., Pandey, V. (eds) Block Copolymeric Nanocarriers: Design, Concept, and Therapeutic
Applications. Springer, Singapore.
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-6917-3_16
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