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Chemistry
Unit 5 : Properties of Material
5.1 metals and non metals
Starter : Slide 4
LO: Describing the properties of metal
4/25/2023
Chemistry
Unit 5 : Properties of Material
5.1 metals and non metals
Starter : Slide 4
LO: Describing the properties of metal
The Periodic Table of
Elements
1/2/2022
WALT : Describing the properties of metal
Starter :
List as Many metals as you can
:
Elements
● Science has come
along way since
Aristotle’s theory of Air,
Water, Fire, and Earth.
● Scientists have
identified 92 Natural
elements, and created
about 28 others.
Elements
The elements, alone
or in combinations,
make up our
bodies, our world,
our sun, and in
fact, the entire
universe.
The most abundant
element in the earth’s crust
is oxygen.
I am Dmitri Mendeleev!
I made the PERIODIC TABLE !
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Colur only the metals with light blue
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AJbe5THaNuU
Periodic Table
● A great deal of information about an element can be
gathered from its position on the period table.
● Understanding the organization and plan of the periodic
table will help you obtain basic information
about each of
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the 118 known elements.
Periodic Table
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Metals
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Properties of Metals
Metals appear to the left (shaded in silver) of
the dark ziz-zag line on the periodic table.
Most metals are solid at room temperature.
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Properties of Metals
Metals have
luster. This
means they are
shiny
Properties of Metals
Ductile
metals can be
drawn into wire.
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Properties of Metals
Malleable
metals can
be hammered
into sheets
Properties of Metals
Metals have a high
melting point. They
are also very dense.
Properties of Metals
Conductors
Metals are
good
conductors of
electricity and
heat
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When you leave a spoon in a cup of hot drink, the bit
poking out of the drink gets hot. Why? Conduction!
METALS are the best conductors of heat.
This is because the electrons in metals move more freely
than in non-metals, allowing the heat energy to travel
across the metal.
For example, when the spoon touches the hot drink, the
heat from the drink excites the electrons in the metal, and
the electrons transfer the energy from one electron to
another, carrying the heat all the way up the spoon
quickly.
Best conductors:
silver and copper
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Physical Properties of METALS
Metals are good conductors of electricity.
Copper, silver, and gold are good
electrical conductors. In a conductor,
electric current can flow freely. Since
metals have free electrons, they can
carry a charge easily.
Copper Wiring
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Properties of Metals
A chemical property
of metal is its
reaction with
water and oxygen.
This results in
corrosion and
rust.
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Chemistry
Unit 5 : Properties of
Materials
5.1 metals and non metals
LO
: Describing the properties of non- metal
WALT : Describing the properties of nonmetal
Starter :
1. Why are gold and silver used for
Jewellery ?
2. Why is copper so useful?
3. What do malleable and ductile
means?
Nonmetals
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Properties of Nonmetals
Nonmetals occur to the right ( shaded in gold) of
the dark zig-zag on the periodic table. Although
Hydrogen is in family 1, it is also a nonmetal. Many
nonmetals are gases at room temperature.
Colur only the non-metals with light
green
Properties of Nonmetals
Nonmetals do
not have
luster; they are
dull.
Properties of Nonmetals
Brittle
Nonmetals are
brittle so they
break easily.
This means
nonmetals ARE
NOT ductile or
malleable.
Properties of Nonmetals
Nonmetals
have low
density.
Properties of Nonmetals
They also have a
low melting
point. This is why
they are poor
conductors of
heat and
electricity.
Property
Metal
Good thermal conductor
Good electrical conductor
Good thermal insulator
Good electrical insulator
Shiny
Dull
Most are liquids or gases at
room temperature
Most are solid at room
temperature
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Non-metal
Chemistry
Unit 5 : Properties of Materials
5.3 – Metal Mixtures
Starter : Slide 24
LO : To describe the properties of an alloy
homework :
What do these have
in common?
Keywords
•Alloy
•Properties
•Elements
•Mixture
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What is an alloy?
An alloy is a mixture of at least two
elements, where at least one of these is
a metal
‘rose gold’copper and gold
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What is an alloy?
New, more useful materials can be
created in this way
Alloys have a mixture of the properties of
the original elements
‘Birmabright’aluminium and
magnesium
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Useful alloys
Brass is formed from copper and zinc and
is much stronger than both
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Useful alloys
Pewter is formed from tin and lead
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Useful alloys
Cast iron is an alloy of
iron and carbon
It has a lower melting
point than iron and
flows well
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Useful alloys
Stainless steel is an alloy of iron,
chromium and nickel
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Why are they so strong?
layers of atoms in
a metal
layers of
atoms in an
alloy
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What is an alloy?
An alloy is a mixture of a metal with at least one other
element.
Steel is a common example of an alloy. It contains iron mixed
with carbon and other elements. Adding other elements to a
metal changes its structure and so changes its properties.
The final alloy may have
very different properties
to the original metal.
By changing the amount
of each element in an
alloy, material scientists
can custom-make alloys
to fit a given job.
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What types of alloys are there?
Alloys have been used for thousands of years. Bronze, an
alloy of copper and tin, was commonly used by civilizations
before iron extraction methods were developed.
Other well-known alloys include:
● brass: an alloy of copper and zinc.
It does not tarnish and is used for door
knobs, buttons and musical instruments.
● solder: an alloy of zinc and lead. It
is used in electronics to attach
components to circuit boards.
● amalgam: an alloy of mercury and
silver or tin. It is used for dental fillings
because it can be shaped when warm
and resists corrosion.
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Is gold an alloy?
Although pure gold is sometimes used in electronics, gold
jewellery is always a mixture of gold and other metals.
Pure gold is actually quite soft. Adding small amounts of
other metals makes the gold hard enough to use in jewellery.
Alloying gold with different metals also affects its colour.
The familiar yellow gold is an
alloy of gold with copper and
silver. Adding more copper than
silver gives redder shades.
White gold is an alloy of gold with
nickel, platinum or palladium.
Around 12% of people may be
allergic to the nickel in white gold.
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When is a copper coin not a copper coin?
When it is a copper-coated alloy!
Copper coins used to be made from
pure copper but most ‘copper’ coins
used around the world are now made
from copper alloys.
Previously, as the value of copper
increased, the metal used to make
the coin became worth more than the
actual coins. A melted-down, pure
copper coin could have been sold for
more than the face value of the coin!
Since 1992, UK copper coins have been made from
copper-plated steel and are magnetic. A magnet can be
used to separate copper coins by age.
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What’s so clever about smart alloys?
A smart material can change one or more of its physical
characteristics under the influence of an external stimulus.
Shape memory alloy is a type of smart material made from
metals that returns to its original shape after being deformed.
Nitinol is a type of shape
memory alloy made from
nickel and titanium.
This material can be
used to make a pair of
glasses that ‘remembers’
its shape and does not
break when crushed.
Nitinol has also been used to hold badly broken bones
in place while they heal.
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Why is steel stronger than iron?
The atoms in pure iron are
arranged in densely-packed
layers. These layers can slide
over each other. This makes
pure iron a very soft material.
The atoms of other elements
are different sizes. When other
elements are added to iron,
their atoms distort the regular
structure of the iron atoms.
It is more difficult for the layers
of iron atoms in steel to slide
over each other and so this
alloy is stronger than pure iron.
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What is steel?
Steel is an alloy of iron and other elements, including carbon,
nickel and chromium.
Steel is stronger than pure iron and can be used for
…to suspension bridges!
everything from sauce pans…
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Question One
1.
Is an alloy:
a. A mixture of two metals
b. A mixture of two or more elements, one
of which is a metal
c. A metal element
d. A compound of two non- metals
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Question Two
2. Which of these is an alloy?
a. Wood
b. Aluminium
c. Plastic
d. Cast iron
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Question Three
3. Do alloys have?
a. The same properties as one of the
original elements
b. A mixture of properties of the original
elements
c. Completely different properties to the
original elements
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Question Four
4. The alloy brass is a mixture of which
two metals?
a. Copper and zinc
b. Copper and aluminium
c. Zinc and iron
d. Oxygen and sulphur
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Question Five
5. Which of these properties makes
cast iron useful for creating
intricate shapes?
a. Rigid
b. Can be recycled
c. Nice colour
d. Flows well
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Homework
► Learner’s book page
165& 166
Question 1-9
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Chemistry
Unit 5 : Properties of Material
5.4 Using the properties of Materials to separate mixtures
Starter : slide 51
LO: To differentiate the mixtures and compound.
To identify the different ways to separate mixtures
► Nneful
lrtief
► Rietfl epapr
► Cclanio kasfl
► Vptoaraonie
► shdi
► Onesdcren
► retrethmome
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► Filter
funnel
► Filter paper
► Conical flask
► evaporation
► dish
► condenser
► thermometer
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Pure Substances
►
A sample of matter that has definite chemical and physical
properties.
Element
s
Atom
s
Molecule
s
Compound
s
Elements
►
pure substance that cannot be separated into simpler substance by
physical or chemical means.
Compounds
Pure substance composed of two or more different
elements joined by chemical bonds.
►
H 2O
Made of elements in a specific ratio
that is always the same
►
Has a chemical formula
►
Can only be separated by
NaCl
chemical means, not physically
CO 2
Mixtures
►
A combination of two or more pure substances that are not
chemically combined.
►
substances held together by physical forces, not chemical
►
No chemical change takes place
►
Each item retains its properties
in the mixture
►
They can be separated physically
Chem4kids.com
Can you identify the following?
You will be shown a series of photos. Tell if each photo represents an
item composed of an element, compound, or mixture.
Review:
►
An element contains just one type of atom
►
A compound contains two or more different element chemically
bonded together.
►
A mixture contains two or more different substances that are only
physically joined together, not chemically.
►
A mixture can contain both elements and compounds.
Elements Compounds
Mixtures
Element, Compound, or
Mixture?
Rocks
Element, Compound, or
Mixture?
Copper
Element, Compound, or
Mixture?
Jelly Beans
Element, Compound, or
Mixture?
Table Sugar
Element, Compound, or
Mixture?
Tea
Element, Compound, or
Mixture?
Salt
Element, Compound, or
Mixture?
Neon Gas
Element, Compound, or
Mixture?
Salad
Element, Compound, or
Mixture?
Pure Water
Element, Compound, or
Mixture?
Aluminum
Element, Compound, or
Mixture?
Lemonade
Element, Compound, or
Mixture?
Silver
Element, Compound, or
Mixture?
Sand
Element, Compound, or
Mixture?
Rocks
Element, Compound, or
Mixture?
Cu
Copper
Element, Compound, or
Mixture?
Jelly Beans
Element, Compound, or
Mixture?
Table Sugar
O
1
1
H
C 12 22
Element, Compound, or
Mixture?
Tea
Element, Compound, or
Mixture?
l
C
a
N
Salt
Element, Compound, or
Mixture?
Ne
Neon Gas
Element, Compound, or
Mixture?
Salad
Element, Compound, or
Mixture?
H 2O
Pure Water
Element, Compound, or
Mixture?
Al
Aluminum
Element, Compound, or
Mixture?
Lemonade
Element, Compound, or
Mixture?
Silver
Ag
Element, Compound, or
Mixture?
Sand
element
compound
mixtures
Copper
Table sugar
Rocks
Neon
Salt
Jelly beans
aluminum
water
salad
silver
lemonade
tea
sand
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Chemistry
Unit 5 : Properties of Material
5.4 Using the properties of Materials to separate mixtures
Starter : slide 51
LO: To differentiate the mixtures and compound.
To identify the different ways to separate mixtures
Separating Mixture
►
The method to be used for separating a mixture depends on its
content.
►
FILTRATION
►
EVAPORATION
►
MAGNETIC ATTRACTION
►
DISTILLATION
►
CHROMATOGRAPHY
Mixture
A combination of
two or more pure
substances that
are not chemically
combined.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YfkAzAx2j0A
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Filtration
Filtration - This process is used to
separate substances that does not
dissolve in a liquid
An example is sand and water.
If you pour this mixture through a
sieve or filter, the water particles
which are smaller than the sand
particles will slip through the holes.
The sand which is bigger will not.
You can also use filtration to
separate dirt from water to obtain
cleaner water.
The water that runs through the
sieve is called the filtrate and the
sand that is removed is called the
residue.
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Evaporation
►
This process uses heat to
separate solids from
liquids.
►
The easiest example is
salt (solid) that has
dissolved water (liquid).
►
If you want to separate
the solid, you can
evaporate the water.
►
The salt cannot evaporate
so it is left behind.
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Magnetic Attraction
►
To separate a
magnetic substance
from a mixture
►
Magnetic materialsnickel, cobalt, iron
and steel
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Simple Distillation
This process uses boiling to
separate mixtures, it is similar
to evaporation.
Think about the example of
saltwater again. If you boil the
water, the water will
evaporate leaving the salt
behind, but what if you want
the water instead of the salt?
To do this you have to collect
the steam.
When the hot steam cools
down in the cold condenser it
will turn back into water, and
there you have it!
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eQlnHr9g6Io4/25/2023
Chemistry
Unit 5 : Properties of Material
5.5 Acid and Alkali
LO:To learn the properties of Acid and Alkalis
Starter
►
https://quizizz.com/admin/quiz/5ed9112e984c2b001bf
1692a/separating-mixtures
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What is an acid?
Acids are a group of chemicals.
What do you know about acids? Are all acids dangerous?
What is an acid?
Acids are a group of chemicals.
Which of these items contains an acid?
everyday acids
laboratory acids
Can you think of other examples of acids?
What is a weak acid?
Acids are found in household items such as food, drink
and beauty/skincare products.
It is safe to handle these acids and even taste them, if they
are for eating! These acids are known weak acids.
What is a strong acid?
Some acids, like those found in the laboratory or a car
battery, are very dangerous (too dangerous to taste or touch).
These acids are said to be corrosive as they can damage
other materials by wearing them away! They are strong acids.
Why must strong acids always be handled very carefully?
What are acids?
Acids are
substances that:
● Have a pH
below 7 and
turn universal
indicator yellow,
orange or red.
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Properties of acids
•
•
•
•
are corrosive.
have a sour taste
turn blue litmus paper red
react with some metals, releasing hydrogen
gas and leaving a salt behind
• conduct electricity
• are neutralized by bases, producing water
and a salt.
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What is an alkali?
Alkalis are another group of chemicals, the opposite of acids.
Which of these items contains an alkali?
everyday alkalis
laboratory alkalis
Can you think of other examples of alkalis?
What is a weak alkali?
Alkalis are found in soaps and other materials used for
cleaning.
It is safe to handle these alkalis, which can feel soapy.
These alkalis are known as weak alkalis.
What is a strong alkali?
Some alkalis, like those in the laboratory or in cleaning
materials such as toilet cleaner, are too dangerous to touch.
These alkalis are said to be caustic because they can burn
skin and damage other materials! They are strong alkalis.
Why must strong alkalis always be handled very carefully?
Properties of Bases
• are caustic
• have a soapy, slimy feel
• turn red litmus paper blue
• have a bitter taste
• conduct electricity
• are neutralized by acids, producing
water and a salt.
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Chemistry
Unit 5 : Properties of Material
5.5 Acid and Alkali
LO: To Identify the different hazard symbol
What are hazard symbols?
How can you tell which chemicals are safe and which are
dangerous?
Special symbols are used on bottles and vehicles that
contain dangerous chemicals.
toxic
irritant
harmful corrosive
highly
flammable
These hazard symbols show why the chemical is dangerous.
Why is it important that these symbols can be recognised by
people from other countries?
What do hazard symbols
mean?
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Chemistry
Unit 5 : Properties of Material
5.6 Indicators and pH scale
LO: To distinguish acids and alkali using
litmus paper
- To Understand the acidity and alkalinity of a
substance can be measured using pH scale
What is an indicator?
How can you test a liquid to find if it is an acid or an
alkali?
An indicator is a special chemical that changes
to a different color in an acid or an alkali.
Litmus paper and litmus solution
are examples of indicators.
Litmus is
red in acid.
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Litmus is
blue in alkali.
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What is universal indicator?
Litmus is used to show if a solution is acid or alkali.
Litmus does not show if the acid or alkali is weak or
strong.
Universal indicator has a range of colors that show
how weak or strong the acid or alkali is.
stronger acid
stronger alkali
strong
weak
weak
acid
acid neutral alkali
What is the color for a weak acid?
What is the color for a strong alkali?
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What is the pH scale?
The strength of an acid or alkali is measured by the
pH scale.
Each universal indicator color is given a number
called the pH value.
Universal indicator can tell you the pH of a solution.
stronger acid
stronger alkali
1 2 3 4 5 6
7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
strong
weak
weak
acid
acid neutral alkali
What is the pH of a weak acid?
What is the pH of strong alkali?
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Are these substances acidic or alkaline?
Are they weak or strong?
What type of substance?
Substance
soda water
pH
6
Description of acid/alkali
very weak acid
car battery acid
1
very strong acid
soap
8
very weak alkali
washing soda
10
weak alkali
stomach acid
2
strong acid
oven cleaner
14
very strong alkali
vinegar
4
weak acid
acid
1 2 3 4 5 6
7
8 9
1 1 1 1 1
0 1 2 3 4
alka
li
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Experiment – Learner’s book
page 182
► Classwork
: complete page
106-108
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