<3 Anatomy Review / ekg
Blood flow
vena cava  right atrium  tricuspid valve  right ventricle  pulmonary valve  pulmonary artery  lungs 
pulmonary veins  left atrium  mitral valve  left ventricle  aortic valve  aorta  and the tissues of the body
<3 sounds
S1 – AV valves closing (mitral and tricuspid) – Corresponds with pulse - heard at apex of left side of heart
S2 – Semilunar valve closing (aortic and pulmonary) – heard at the 2 ICS space at the sternal border
S3 – ventricles filling
S4 – atrial contraction in presence of
Cardiac Cells
Automaticity – ability to fire off on it’s own
Excitability – ability to respond to impulses
Conductivity – cardiac muscles conduct the impulses to different areas
Contractility – cardiac muscles contract and relax
Pacemakers
SA NODE – upper right atrium (natural pacemaker)
Purpose: firing impulses
Rate: 60 – 100
AV NODE - (gatekeeper)
Purpose: delays impulses from SA node to ventricles--> to allow the atrium to contract properly.
Rate – 40 - 60
PREKINJE FIBERS BUNDLE OF HIS –
Rate: 20 – 40 bpm
EKG
Depolarization – contraction
Repolarization – relaxation
Pwave = depolarization of the atria
QRS Complex = depolarization of the ventricles and repolarization of the atria
TWave = repolarization of the ventricles – may also have a UWave
Uwave = repolarization of the Purkinje fibers. (not always seen)
EKG Paper
PWave = depolarization of the atria
PR Interval = time taken from SA node impulse to reach ventricle
Normal Measurement = .12 - .20 seconds
Measured at the beginning of the p wave, and the beginning of the R. /
QRS =
JPoint =
QT Interval = atria and ventricular repolarization, and electrical depolarization
R-R Segments =
Sinus Rhythms
Normal Sinus