Answer ALL questions.
1 (a) The diagram shows part of a molecule DNA.
X
(i)
Y
The structure X is the backbone of the DNA molecule.
Which of these form part of the backbone of DNA?
(1)
☐ A amino acids
☐ B bases
☐ C proteins
☐ D sugars
(ii) What name is given to the structures labelled Y?
(1)
☐ A amino acids
☐ B bases
☐ C proteins
☐ D sugars
(ii) Describe how two backbones of the DNA molecule are joined together.
(2)
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(ii) State the name of the part of the cell where most of the DNA is found.
(1)
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(b) DNA is a nucleic acid.
RNA is another type of nucleic acid.
Give two differences between the structures of DNA and RNA.
(2)
1……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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2……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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(c) DNA is formed from molecules called nucleotides.
The diagram shows a single nucleotide.
R
T
S
Name the parts of the nucleotide labelled R, S and T.
(3)
R……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
S……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
T……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(Total for Question 1 = 10 marks)
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2 Molecules move in and out of cells by three methods.
These three methods are:



diffusion
active transport
osmosis
(a) Give a definition of diffusion.
(2)
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(b) Give a definition of active transport.
(3)
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(c) Give a definition of osmosis.
(2)
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(Total for Question 2 = 7 marks)
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3 The diagram shows part of an elbow joint without any cartilage.
fibrous capsule
B
A
(a) (i)
Identify part A and part B.
(2)
part A ……………………………………………………
part B ……………………………………………………
(ii) Describe the function of part A.
(2)
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(b) (i)
Complete the diagram by drawing the cartilage.
(2)
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(ii) Cartilage often breaks down as people become older.
Explain the effects this has on the working of the joint.
(2)
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(c) Explain the role of tendons in the involvement of the lower arm.
(5)
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(Total for Question 3 = 13 marks)
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4 (a) Lipids are digested in the small intestine.
(i)
Describe a test for lipids in food.
(3)
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(ii) Name the enzyme that digest lipids.
(1)
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(iii) Name the products of lipid digestion.
(2)
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(b) A student investigates how the pH of a lipid solution, containing an enzyme that digest lipids,
changes over 10 minutes at two different temperatures.
The table shows the student’s results.
Temperature at 37°C
Time
in minutes
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
pH
8.5
8.0
7.5
7.2
7.0
6.8
6.2
5.8
5.5
5.5
5
6
7
8
9
10
8.6
8.6
8.4
8.4
8.4
Temperature at 80°C
Time
in minutes
1
2
3
4
pH
9.2
9.0
8.8
8.8
6
(i)
Estimate a pH value for the lipid solution at 80°C at 5 minutes.
(1)
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(ii) Give the independent variable and the dependent variable for this investigation.
(2)
independent
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dependent
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(iii) Explain the differences in the results of the student’s investigation at the two different
temperatures.
(4)
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(Total for Question 4 = 13 marks)
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5 The graph shows the percentage of people vaccinated against tuberculosis (TB) in a country
between 1980 and 2010.
It also shows the number of cases of tuberculosis in that country.
8.0
100
7.5
TB vaccination
90
7.0
80
6.5
70
6.0
60
5.5
Percentage of 50
TB vaccination
40
5.0
TB cases
4.5
per 100 000
30
4.0
20
TB cases
10
3.5
3.0
0
2.5
1980 1983 1986 1989 1992 1995 1998 2001 2004 2007 2010
(a) (i)
Tuberculosis is caused by the same type of organism as typhoid.
What is the type of organism?
(1)
☐ A bacterium
☐ B fungus
☐ C protozoan
☐ D virus
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(ii) Describe the relationship between the percentage vaccination and the number of cases of
TB.
(4)
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(b) The population of this country in 2010 was 3.45 million.
Calculate the number of cases of tuberculosis in this country in 2010.
(3)
number of cases = ………………………………
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(c) Explain how vaccination can give a person immunity to a disease.
(5)
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(Total for Question 5 = 13 marks)
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6 Describe how bacteria can be genetically modified to produce human insulin.
(6)
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(Total for Question 6 = 6 marks)
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7 The diagram shows a section through the eye.
The arrow is a near object.
(a) (i)
Complete the diagram by continuing the rays from the arrow to show how the image of the
arrow appears on the retina.
(5)
(ii) Describe the function of the optic nerve in allowing a person to see the image of the arrow.
(2)
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(b) (i)
State where the image of the arrow would be formed for someone with the condition of
long sight.
(1)
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(ii) Give a feature of the eye that can lead to long sight.
(1)
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(c) Corneal transplants can be used to treat eye defects.
Suggest two risks associated with corneal transplants.
(2)
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(Total for Question 7 = 11 marks)
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8 The diagram shows a reflex arc involved in a reflex action.
X
Y
(a) Describe the function of a reflex action.
(3)
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(b) Using a line labelled Z, show on the diagram which part of the reflex arc would be connected to
a receptor.
(1)
(c) Describe how the nerve impulse passes from position X to position Y in the reflex arc.
(6)
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(Total for Question 8 = 10 marks)
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9 (a) Statins can be used to treat people with circulatory disorders.
Design a method that can be used to test the effectiveness of statins in treating circulatory
disorders.
(3)
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(b) The diagram shows a stent being used in the treatment of heart disease.
Explain how a stent can be used to treat heart disease.
(4)
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(Total for Question 9 = 7 marks)
TOTAL FOR PAPER = 90 MARKS
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