Project 5
Design Notebook
4/18/2021
Team 007
2
Table of contents
Contents
Pg #
Cover page
1
Executive Summary
3
Gantt Chart
3
Meeting 1 Minutes
4
Meeting 2 Minutes
5
Meeting 3 Minutes
6
Meeting 4 Minutes
7
Meeting 5 Minutes
8
Meeting 6 Minutes
9
Somalia Research
10
Design Process: Empathize
11
Decision matrix for Product Type
11
Ideation
12
Ideation
13
Product Chosen: Reverse Osmosis Device
14
Design Specification
14
Criteria for Success
14
Water Separation Research
15
Reverse Membrane Osmosis Process
15
Prototype Design
16
Prototype Flowchart
17
Final Work Breakdown Structure
18
Sources
19
3
Executive Summary
Only 52 percent of the population in Somalia have access to clean water resources, which forces
families in Somalia to fetch water from far and unsafe open wells. Without having access to clean water
and toilets, as well as good hygiene practices, the chances of people in Somalia suffering from diseases
such as diarrhoea, acute watery diarrhea, cholera, and respiratory infections, is high. In the past 3 years,
more than 900 people in Somalia, majority of them children under the age of five, have died from
cholera.
The main objective of the project is to create a device that provides people in Somalia with a
clean water source. By using distillation technology, we can design a product that would be able to help
to solve the issue in Somalia. Using the reverse osmosis deionization product as an example of the
product we need to design. Our goal is to design a product that would be suitable for each individual
household.
Gantt Chart:
4
*Note: All team meetings recorded are scheduled team meetings. Unscheduled minor conversations
are discluded
Team Meeting 1
11 February 2021 / 3:30 PM - 7:30 PM/ Discord chat
Attendees
Agenda
New Business
Research for status update 1
Finish the status update 1 presentation
Record and submit status update
Notes
●
Everyone were meant to read the project deliverables beforehand so creating the status
update would not be too hard
●
We were able to finish the status update and record it
●
We have to focus on making our needs more focused so we can make a meaningful product
that targets a specific need.
Action Items
1. Researched Facts about Somalia
2. Identified needs to be addressed
3. Recorded and submitted status update one
Next Meeting Agenda
●
Discuss new goals and make new targets to help the team achieve project completion in
time. Produce a Gantt chart and constantly updating work breakdown structure
5
Team Meeting 2
24 February 2021 / 4:00 PM - 6:00 PM / Discord chat
Attendees
Agenda
Last Meeting Follow-up
1. We finished the status update 1 last meeting
New Business
1. Organize and plan out the project
2. Brainstorm ideas for product
3. Decide which need we want to address
Notes
●
●
●
While making the gantt chart we figured we would probably have to update it a couple of
times as we progressed through the project.
The work breakdown structure was also a constantly updating table which we would
represent a members entire responsibilities throughout the project at the end of the
project.
We figured our product is going to use some sort of filtration system to produce clean and
sanitary, usable water out of ocean water.
Action Items
1.
2.
3.
4.
Created Gantt Chart
Created a work breakdown structure to constantly assign responsibilities
Decision matrix
Discuss possible product design
Next Meeting Agenda
●
Begin working on design specifications and researching the geographical
6
Team Meeting 3
11 MARCH 2021 / 2:30 PM / Discord chat
Attendees
Agenda
Last Meeting Follow-up
1. We decided which need to address
2. We brainstormed product design.
New Business
1. Go through the design process.
2. Get started with the brochure.
Notes
●
The most effective way to get work done was to delegate work so the team can work on
different components of the project to achieve quicker completion.
The design process steps are discussed as a team and then documented by one person.
●
We made changes to the product design
●
We decided to go with the boat idea
●
Action Items
1. Empathize
2. Define
3. Work on product design
4. Work on brochure
Next Meeting Agenda
Finish up the brochure as well as the design notebook for submission. put together a slideshow for
video presentation.
7
Team Meeting 4
12 MARCH 2021 / 5:00 PM - 10:00 PM / Discord chat
Attendees
Agenda
Last Meeting Follow-up
1. Done with design process and product design
New Business
1. Work on finalizing everything and make sure all requirements are met.
2. Finish all tasks so they are ready to submit
Notes
●
●
Unfortunately we miscalculated what we could finish this meeting. Usually we take it slow
and steady to not burden ourselves and stick to a plan.
We had to reschedule items that we were not able to finish today during meeting time and
ask members to finish their assigned items before next meeting
Action Items
1.
2.
3.
4.
Finish product design
Make sketches
Make mathematical model
Make flow chart
Next Meeting Agenda
: WBS, Meeting min complete, math model, system sketch
Ty: Brochure done, Detailed sketch
William: finish slides
When we meet next we should be polishing our work and getting ready to record the video
presentation
8
Team Meeting 5
12 MARCH 2021 / 3:00 PM - 9:00 PM / Discord chat
Attendees
Agenda
Last Meeting Follow-up
1. Done with design process and product design
New Business
3. Work on finalizing everything and make sure all requirements are met.
4. Finish all tasks so they are ready to submit
Notes
●
●
Unfortunately we miscalculated what we could finish this meeting. Usually we take it slow
and steady to not burden ourselves and stick to a plan.
We had to reschedule items that we were not able to finish today during meeting time and
ask members to finish their assigned items before next meeting
Action Items
5.
6.
7.
8.
Finish product design
Make sketches
Make mathematical model
Make flow chart
Next Meeting Agenda
: WBS, Meeting min complete, math model, system sketch
Ty: Brochure done, Detailed sketch
William: finish slides
When we meet next we should be polishing our work and getting ready to record the video
presentation
9
Team Meeting 6
12 MARCH 2021 / 9:00 PM - 2:00 AM / Discord chat
Attendees
Agenda
Last Meeting Follow-up
1. We finished product design and design process
New Business
1. Work on finalizing everything and make sure all requirements are met
2. Finish video presentation slides
Notes
●
●
●
We were effective and finished our slides and recorded the video presentation
Design notebook is upto date and looking good
Brochure needs some work that will be delegated amongst team members
Action Items
1.
2.
3.
4.
Make sketches
Make mathematical model
Make flow chart
Prepare slides
Next Meeting Agenda
: Put the mathematical model and all related info on brochure
Ty: Finish product design on brochure and format/edit the entire brochure so its ready to present
William: Add your flowchart to the design notebook.
Next meeting should just be a wrap up where we all confirm our materials and assigned items and
submit them
10
Somalia research
Water/food
●
As of 2020 The world health organization reports that only 52% of Somalia’s population
has a water supply close to home.
In 2019 due to severe droughts 60% of pest pastoral herds were wiped out by a drought
●
More than 350 000 Somalis are refugees and a further 400 000 are internally displaced
●
Food insecurity has led to widespread malnutrition in many areas.
●
Potable water and sanitation coverage is extremely poor and the majority of health
centres have no water supply
●
Somalia's Education system
●
The USAID reports Somalia hosts one of the world’s most significant out-of-school
populations, with roughly 3 million out of 5 million children and youth of school-age not in
school.
●
In an Early Grade Reading Assessment conducted in a limited sample of schools around
Mogadishu testing students in Grades 2 through 4, when Grade 2 students were asked to
read a passage, nearly half of students (47 percent) in Grade 2 could not identify a single
word.
●
National Education Management Information System (EMIS) 2017 data indicates that over
90% of primary and secondary teachers are male. This skews the teaching pool, negatively
impacting girls’ literacy, learning, and retention.
●
The education rate for rural areas of somalia is just 13% many of these residents are
constantly internally displaced making staying school year round nearly impossible
Health/social wellness
●
According to the CDC The maternal mortality ratio for Somali women is 732 deaths per
100,000 live births which one of the highest in the entire world
●
According to the CDC In Somalia, FGM/C (Female Genital Mutilation/cutting) prevalence
is estimated to be as high as 98%
●
The WHO reported a significant increase in violent attacks in Somalia over the last five
years as severe droughts and dust storms have ravished local agriculture systems and
water has become scarce .
11
Design Process
From day one of the project, the emphasis stage of the project was clear that we have to design
a product that would be capable of providing a clean water source for the people of Somalia. We
determined what we need for this project in order to solve the water crisis in Somalia, as well as
identified how it will deliver the project differently whether using salt water or fresh water.
Empathize:
We understand that the product we are designing is intended to impact people's lives in a huge way and
be a supporting system to a suffering population. For that reason it is important that we make sure that
our product is reliable and that it appropriately addresses the customer’s needs.
The customer wants a reliable product that can run at a decent rate at which it is able to supply
49063000 litres of water per day. This is the amount of clean water needed to ensure every single person
in Mogadishu, the capital city of Somalia has access to an adequate amount of clean water of a minimum
of 13.2 gallons per day as prescribed by the WHO.
We believe that investing our product in the capital city and heavily stricken areas first is the best way to
make sure the product finds its way to the rest of the country. There is less terrorism and instability in
the capital city which would make distribution easier, however, just the sheer spread of people would
make distribution a challenging prospect. A strong transportation system and supply line will have to be
put into place and strong support from the government and the UN will be necessary for this project to
be successful. We believe in order to appropriately respond to the countries needs we need to have a
plant with the necessary amount of prototypes running at a high rate of clean water supply on a 24/7
basis with only maintenance breaks.
Decision Matrix:
Product type decided: Some sort of water filtration.
12
Ideation:
In the development of this project multiple ideas were brought up. They are listed below:
-
-
The boat idea
- The boat idea is a process of designing a boat that will be provided to the
Somalians, people in Somalia will be able to send the boat out to collect water as
well as filter the salt water on the boat. The boat will return with fresh and clean
water then send it to cities throughout the country to be distributed for individual
needs.
The water station idea
- The water station idea was brought up after learning the fact that it would be
slightly unrealistic to achieve the goal by using the boat idea. The idea of the water
station is to set up multiple water stations throughout Somalia, including a water
filtration system in each facility. Unclean water (saltwater) will be collected and
delivered to each water station to be filtered and clean water will be the output of
the process. Clean water will then be distributed to the residents of the area.
13
-
The water filtration device
- The water filtration device was our final decision. After realizing the water station
idea will not be as easy to achieve, the designing process came to a conclusion that
it would make the most sense to design a product that would be suitable for all
individual households in Somalia. The general idea of the water filtration device is
to use the existing reverse osmosis deionization as a reference. The reverse
osmosis deionization filter uses higher pressured water (unclean) as input, going
through several stages of filter chambers including micro sediment, micro carbon
block, membrane and color changing DI resin. Clean and lower TDS water will be
the output. The idea is to use unclean water as the input, go through a standard
filter then a water pressure booster pump will send the water from the previous
stage through the different stages that are capable of removing unwanted particles
as well as isolating salt from water if needed. After discussion we came to the
conclusion that the filtration device idea will work the best.
14
PRODUCT CHOSEN: REVERSE OSMOSIS DEVICE
-
Reverse osmosis device
We decided to make a greenhouse like product that will purify ocean water using reverse osmosis.
Water they’ll be pumped from the Indian ocean into the reverse osmosis stations where the water
will be separated from the salt and other contaminants. During the day the stations will be
powered using wind and solar power energy excess energy will be stored in the form of thermal
energy (the salt) and batteries/generators this way the plant can be in operation 24/7. any leftover
salt will be distributed to the people of Somalia which can be used to preserve food and clean
wounds. We chose reverse osmosis because it is the most efficient way to turn ocean water
drinkable. Reverse osmosis produces about 1 gallon of drinking water for every 4 gallons of water
used. Noted to combat the water waste, your store is separately where it can be used as cleaning
water for toilets and showers and other household chores.
Define:
Design specification:
We want to provide at least 80% of the total population clean & sanitary water. This would
equate to 13.2 gallons per person everyday as per the World Health Organization. As only 52% of
the population has access to clean water this will be a difficult task, but we are confident that the
product that we have can help achieve this goal with the right help and good support from
government and related organizations.
Criteria for success:
-
Provide at least 80% of Somalia’s total population with clean water
Provide each person with at least 13.2 gallons of water per day
Make use of sustainable resources
15
Water separation research
There are two main techniques to make clean drinkable water from ocean water. Those
techniques are membrane reverse osmosis and thermal desalination
Thermal desalination is a process that involves changing saline water into vapor. This vapor, or
steam, is generally free of the salt, minerals, and other contaminants that were in the saline water.
When condensed, this vapor forms a high-purity distilled water
Reverse membrane osmosis:
In Reverse osmosis desalination, water is taken from the sea and receives a first treatment to
eliminate impurities, oil, seaweed, rubbish, and so on. Once free of organic substances, the
saltwater can be subjected to reverse osmosis. After the filtering, we have two streams: one brine
and the other freshwater.
Why did we choose Reverse membrane osmosis?
Reverse osmosis is the most effective way of separating unwanted solutes from water. It is very
reliable and many cities like sanfarcisco already use reverse osmosis to get about 40% of their
water. Setting up a reverse osmosis station is cheap when compared to thermal distillation
systems and comes with a lot less unwanted wasted thus making it more efficient.
16
Prototype design:
-
8000 GPD under 295 psi
According to the WHO organization 52% of somalian residents have access to clean
water
Based on that we estimated approximately 98727840 gallons will need to be produced
daily
Which equates to 12228.48 RO running per day
17
Prototype flowchart:
Mathematical model
18
Final WBS showing everyone’s individual contributions:
In charge of keeping tabs on
the design notebook materials
and submission.
Documentation of meeting
minutes.
Documentation of design
process (empathize and
define).
Edit brochure
Create a mathematical model
to predict product impact.
Work on slides
Tyrique
William
In charge of editing and
submitting brochure and
video presentation.
In charge of making the
sketches and documenting
product design.
Determine estimated cost.
Create infographics for
brochure.
Work on slides.
Create gantt chart.
Documentation of the
ideation process.
Create flowchart of product.
In charge of documenting
product design.
Work on slides.
19
Sources for Project 4
Sustainable Development Goals | UNDP in Somalia. (2021). Retrieved 14 March 2021, from
https://www.so.undp.org/content/somalia/en/home/sustainable-development-goals.html
Famine and health. (2021). Retrieved 14 March 2021, from
https://www.who.int/emergencies/humanitarian-emergencies/famine/en/
Project, B. (2021). 10 Highly Important Facts About Poverty in Somalia | The Borgen Project.
Retrieved 14 March 2021, from https://borgenproject.org/facts-about-poverty-in-somalia/
Qiblawey, H. M., & Banat, F. (2008). Solar thermal desalination technologies. Desalination,
220(1-3), 633-644.
Lee, K. P., Arnot, T. C., & Mattia, D. (2011). A review of reverse osmosis membrane materials for
desalination—development to date and future potential. Journal of Membrane Science, 370(1-2),
1-22.
Fitzgerald, Nina J. Somalia: issues, history, and bibliography. Nova Publishers, 2002.
The Human Right to Water and Sanitation. (2021). Retrieved 14 March 2021, from
https://www.un.org/waterforlifedecade/pdf/human_right_to_water_and_sanitation_media_brief.p
df
How much water is needed in emergencies. (2021). Retrieved 14 March 2021, from
https://www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/publications/2011/tn9_how_much_water_en.pd
20
Team Meeting 7
22 MARCH 2021 / 8:30 AM - 10:30 AM / Discord chat
Attendees
Agenda
Last Meeting Follow-up
1. Submitted all project 4 materials
New Business
1. Discuss project 5 requirements
2. Discuss model
3. Create gantt chart and work distribution
Notes
●
●
We created a gantt chart with estimates of the time frame it would take us to finish our
tasks
We believe the best way to model our prototype is using mathematical models on matlab
and creating flowcharts for the processes that cannot be represented on the mathematical
model
Action Items
1.
2.
3.
4.
Create gantt chart
Create work breakdown structure
Create slides
Discuss prototype
Next Meeting Agenda
Finish work breakdown structure
21
Gantt Chart:
Work delegation:
:
-
Keep track of meeting minutes
Description of region, needs, cost analysis, personal cost
Survey testing
William
-
Product description, design, flowcharts
Survey testing
-
Matlab coding and graphs
Code testing
Survey testing
Ty
22
Team Meeting 8
1 April 2021 / 4:00 PM - 6:00 PM / Discord chat
Attendees
Agenda
Last Meeting Follow-up
1. All work was assigned on a preliminary basis
New Business
1. William work on the flowcharts
2. Ty start working on the matlab code
3. Abdullah start with product description and create testing plan
Notes
●
●
Further discussion about the product and plan for execution
We mostly worked on our individual assignments
Action Items
1. Keep design notebook updated
2. Work on flowcharts
3. Work on matlab code
Next Meeting Agenda
●
●
Finish flowcharts
Start official written report
23
Survey questions and answers recorded
Questions
Answers
How much do you think this product
will cost?
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
.
.
.
.
.
What are some potential features that
could be added to the product?
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
.
.
.
.
.
How effective do you think this
product and execution plan will be at
addressing our intended need?
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
.
.
.
.
.
What do you think our next steps
should be in terms of modifying and
executing the product?
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
.
.
.
.
.
24
Updated flowchart for phase two:
25
Team Meeting 8
9 April 2021 / 4:00 PM - 6:00 PM / Discord chat
Attendees
Agenda
Last Meeting Follow-up
1. Flowchart is finished
New Business
1. Execute survey
2. Continue working on code
Action Items
1. Finish survey testing within next weekish
2. Finish code asap so we can begin testing
3. Start creating the slides and keep communicating on whatsapp with progress
Next Meeting Agenda
●
●
●
We need to work on finalizing the written report within the next two weeks
Finish all preliminary work in two weeks
No more official meetings until then
26
Team Meeting 9
1 April 2021 / 4:00 PM - 6:00 PM / Discord chat
Attendees
Agenda
Last Meeting Follow-up
1. Ty still working on code
New Business
1. Finish surveying
2. Do cost analysis
Action Items
4. Keep design notebook updated
5. Work on matlab code
6. Test matlab code
Next Meeting Agenda
●
●
Finish code and testing by Saturday
Have the report done on Saturday
We had to bring down our criteria for success down.
27
Updated flowchart:
Final survey:
28
Evidence of code:
29
Testing:
Questions
Answers
How much do you think one unit of
this product will cost in USD?
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
3000
5000
6000
30,000
75,000
What are some potential features that
could be added to the product?
1) To create a portable device everyone can carry
2) An adaptation of the device that lets
individuals utilize it in the future
3) Make it adaptable to different types of
contaminated water and not only sea water
4) Make it to a device instead of a water plant
5) Make a better way to transport the water so
that people can connect a water pipeline to
their place of residence
How effective do you think this
product and execution plan will be at
addressing our intended need?
1) Very effective
2) I think the product can present some
challenges when it comes to the execution of
transporting and storing the water. I believe
the product will not be as successful as
anticipated, but it will still be a success in
grand scheme of what it can achieve
3) The intended need can be addressed well, but
the criteria for success of supplying 80% of
the country is highly optimistic and would be
incredibly expensive and difficult. Criteria for
success should be brought down and you
should focus on starting small and growing
from there.
4) The sustainability plan is good and looks like
it could be very effective in using energy the
way your criteria prescribed
5) Reverse osmosis systems are the opposite of
self-sufficient and can be quite costly. Also
adverse weather could throw the solar energy
for a loop. Right now your product doesn't
have a backup plan for adverse weather
conditions.
What do you think our next steps
should be in terms of modifying and
executing the product?
1) Use more efficient parts
2) Transport water in recyclable water bottles
3) For execution try to scale down and start with
30
a concentrated group so you can monitor if
you need to make any changes before you
expand and go big like you plan to. That’s the
best way to have an impact
4) Design a product that each family or
neighborhood can own.
An analysis of the qualitative survey suggests that our current model of our product and
execution will not be able to achieve the criteria for success of supplying 80% of Somalia with
clean water that we set for ourselves. The general consensus seems to be that we have a very
optimistic and unachievable goal to pursue in such a limited time frame. This is mainly due to
the financial costs of implementing our high criteria and the technical work and unforeseen
difficulties that it brings. It is suggested that we start small with units to bail out some major
populations and see how well the product and system fares. Based on that we should make
further decisions to expand or make improvements in the product as needed. On the other hand
our other criteria of success which was maintaining high sustainability standards is achieved and
the feedback suggests that we could add some improvements to it, but overall the criteria is met.
31
Team Meeting 10
17 April 2021 / 7:00 PM - 11:00 PM / Discord chat
Attendees
William Chen, Ty Newsom, Abdullah Syed
Agenda
Last Meeting Follow-up
1. Goal was to finish everything by this meeting
New Business
1. Make final touches and get ready to record
Action Items
1.
2.
3.
4.
Figure out what is wrong with the code
Update the written report
Record video presentation
Submit all items
32
33
34
Sources:
Sustainable Development Goals | UNDP in Somalia. (2021). Retrieved 14 March 2021, from
https://www.so.undp.org/content/somalia/en/home/sustainable-development-goals.html
Famine and health. (2021). Retrieved 14 March 2021, from
https://www.who.int/emergencies/humanitarian-emergencies/famine/en/
Project, B. (2021). 10 Highly Important Facts About Poverty in Somalia | The Borgen Project. Retrieved
14 March 2021, from https://borgenproject.org/facts-about-poverty-in-somalia/
Qiblawey, H. M., & Banat, F. (2008). Solar thermal desalination technologies. Desalination, 220(1-3),
633-644.
Lee, K. P., Arnot, T. C., & Mattia, D. (2011). A review of reverse osmosis membrane materials for
desalination—development to date and future potential. Journal of Membrane Science, 370(1-2), 1-22.
Fitzgerald, Nina J. Somalia: issues, history, and bibliography. Nova Publishers, 2002.
The Human Right to Water and Sanitation. (2021). Retrieved 14 March 2021, from
https://www.un.org/waterforlifedecade/pdf/human_right_to_water_and_sanitation_media_brief.pdf
How much water is needed in emergencies. (2021). Retrieved 14 March 2021, from
https://www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/publications/2011/tn9_how_much_water_en.pdf
Reverse osmosis drinking water: The myths and the facts. (2020, May 21). Retrieved April 19, 2021, from
http://wcponline.com/2019/07/15/reverse-osmosis-drinking-water-the-myths-and-the-facts/
What is a reverse osmosis system and how does it work? (n.d.). Retrieved April 19, 2021, from
https://www.freshwatersystems.com/blogs/blog/what-is-reverse-osmosis