Table of Content
I. Abstract________________________________________________________________________ 2
1. Introduction: ___________________________________________________________________ 3
2. Material: _______________________________________________________________________ 4
2.1. Cost Selection: _____________________________________________________________ 4
2.2. Polyethylene: ______________________________________________________________ 5
2.3. Fiberglass: ________________________________________________________________ 6
2.4. Comparison: _______________________________________________________________ 7
3. Results and Calculations: _________________________________________________________ 8
3.1. Structure: _________________________________________________________________ 8
3.2. Matlab Code: _____________________________________________________________ 10
3.3. Output: __________________________________________________________________ 10
3.4. Electric Field Intensity within the Radome: ______________________________________ 12
3.5. Magnetic Field Intensity within the Radome: _____________________________________ 14
3.5.1. Simulation Results: __________________________________________________________ 14
3.5.1.1. Wavelength and Dielectric Constant: __________________________________________ 14
3.5.1.2. Effect of Dielectric Constant: ________________________________________________ 15
3.5.1.3. Interpretation: ____________________________________________________________ 15
4. Designing of radome: ___________________________________________________________ 15
4.1. Understand Radar Frequency: ________________________________________________ 15
4.2. Material Selection: _________________________________________________________ 16
4.3. Aerodynamics: ____________________________________________________________ 17
4.4. Integration with Vehicle Design: ______________________________________________ 17
4.5. Radar Antenna Placement: ___________________________________________________ 17
4.6. Size and Shape Optimization: _________________________________________________ 17
4.7. Surface Finish: ____________________________________________________________ 17
4.8. Testing and Validation: _____________________________________________________ 17
4.9. Environmental Considerations: _______________________________________________ 18
4.10. Regulatory Compliance: ____________________________________________________ 18
4.11. Collaboration with Radar System Suppliers: ____________________________________ 18
4.12. Future-Proofing: __________________________________________________________ 19
5. Manufacturability and Automotive Compatibility: ___________________________________ 20
5.1. Safety Standards: __________________________________________________________ 20
5.2. Durability and Reliability: ___________________________________________________ 20
5.3. Chemical Resistance: _______________________________________________________ 20
5.4. Weight Considerations: _____________________________________________________ 20
5.5. Environmental Regulations: __________________________________________________ 20
5.6. Electrical and Thermal Properties: _____________________________________________ 20
5.7. Vibration and Noise Control: _________________________________________________ 20
5.8. Testing and Validation: _____________________________________________________ 21
5.9. Supplier Collaboration:______________________________________________________ 21
5.10. Recyclability: ____________________________________________________________ 21
6. Conclusion:____________________________________________________________________ 21
I. Abstract
This report provides an in-depth examination of the design and material selection
process for radars in automotive radar systems, which are critical to protecting the
antenna while maintaining signal integrity. Types of radomes, including air support,
space frame and composite, are examined for comparison of materials, mainly
polyethylene and fiberglass, evaluating factors such as cost, RF transparency,
durability, moisture resistance and processing capabilities.
The report uses MATLAB code to analyze the transmission, reflection and attenuation
characteristics of a cylindrical radome using complex analysis, highlighting the role of
dielectric properties in signal integrity. Design considerations include aerodynamics,
integration with vehicle design, radar antenna placement and size optimization.
Cooperation with radar equipment instructors, compliance with safety standards and
carefully prepared plans should be checked.
Polyethylene is emerging as an ideal radome material for automotive applications,
exhibiting a harmonious combination of safety, durability, chemical resistance,
lightweight properties and environmental friendliness. The report includes the
importance of comprehensive testing, supplier partnerships and recyclability
considerations when maintaining polyethylene radar and automotive compatibility.
This comprehensive and in-depth analysis provides practical insight into radome
design and material selection, helping you navigate the dynamic automotive
technology landscape with confidence and efficiency.
1. Introduction:
1.1. Radome:
Radome (combination of radar and truss) is a structured weatherproof enclosure that protects
the radar antenna. The radome is made of material transparent to radio waves. The radomes
protect the antenna from the weather and hide the antenna's electronics from view.
A radome is a large frame-less structure that protects the radar from adverse weather
conditions, but at the same time ensures that electromagnetic signals are received by the radar
without any distortion or attenuation.
1.2 Types of Radome:
1.2.1. Air Supported Radomes:
The air-assisted radome is a flexible fabric cover that must be constantly lifted. Its operation
depends on a continuous supply of power and a redundant fan system. This package offers
second RF properties. An air-supported (or air-lifted) structure is any building whose
structural integrity derives from the use of pressurized air to expand an envelope of flexible
material (i.e., fabric) so that the air provides the structural support; where access is through a
decompression chamber.
1.2.2. Space Frame Radomes:
Space radar refers to the type of structural framework used to support and attach antennas or
other electronic equipment while allowing for minimal interference with the electromagnetic
signal. A space frame is a three-dimensional lattice-like structure composed of linear elements
connected to each other, which forms a rigid and stable structure. Space-saving design
provides fabric strength and integrity while reducing weight and material consumption.
1.2.3. Composite Radomes:
A composite radar is a protective housing for electronic equipment, usually a radar antenna,
constructed from composite materials. Composite materials are engineering materials made
from a mixture of two or more constituent materials with different physical or chemical
properties. The use of composites in the radome construction offers advantages in terms of
weight, strength and electromagnetic transparency.
1.3. Styles of Radome
I.
II.
III.
IV.
V.
VI.
Thin walls
Half wavelength wall
A-Sandwich
B -Sandwich
C-Sandwich
Multilayer
2. Material:
We choose a material that is transparent to the radar frequency range (76 – 81 GHz).
Common materials for radomes include polymers like polyethylene, polystyrene, or
polycarbonate.
2.1. Cost Selection:
2.1.1. PTFE (Polytetrafluoroethylene):
PTFE is known for being a relatively high-cost material compared to some other polymers.
The cost can vary based on the form (sheets, rods, etc.) and specific grade.
2.1.2. Polypropylene (PP):
Polypropylene is generally more cost-effective compared to PTFE. The price can depend on the
specific grade and form of the material.
2.1.3. Polyethylene (PE):
Polyethylene is often more affordable compared to PTFE, and its cost can vary based on
factors such as density and grade.
2.1.4. Fiberglass:
Fiberglass is a type of plastic fiber made from fiberglass. For this reason, fiberglass is also
called fiberglass plastic or fiberglass reinforced plastic. Typically, fiberglass is flattened into a
sheet, haphazardly arranged, or woven into a cloth.
2.2.
Polyethylene:
2.2.1. Cost-Effectiveness:
Polyethylene is generally more cost-effective compared to high-performance materials like
PTFE. This can be advantageous in large-scale automotive production where cost
considerations are crucial.
2.2.2. Dielectric Properties:
PE exhibits low dielectric loss, making it suitable for radar applications where signal loss
needs to be minimized.
2.2.3. Mechanical Durability:
Polyethylene has good mechanical properties and can withstand vibrations, impacts, and other
stresses commonly encountered in the automotive environment.
2.2.4. Moisture Resistance:
PE is resistant to moisture, which is important for automotive applications where the radar
system may be exposed to rain, snow, or other environmental conditions.
2.2.5. Processing and Forming:
Polyethylene is relatively easy to process and form into the desired shapes, facilitating the
manufacturing of radomes with complex designs.
While Polyethylene is commonly used, the final choice depends on the specific requirements
of your radar system, the environmental conditions it will face, and any additional
considerations such as temperature stability. It's always a good idea to conduct thorough
testing and simulations to ensure that the selected material meets the performance criteria for
your application. Additionally, consulting with material experts or suppliers can provide
valuable insights tailored to your specific needs.
2.3.
Fiberglass:
2.3.1. Cost-Effectiveness:
Fiberglass tends to be more expensive than other materials, such as various carbon fiber
materials. The relatively low cost of raw fiberglass materials makes it a more cost-effective
alternative to a radome in most applications.
2.3.2. Dielectric Properties:
Optical fibers have excellent dielectric properties that allow radio frequency (RF) signals to
be transmitted with minimal interference. The dielectric of optical fiber remains stable in a
wide range of wavelengths, making it suitable for radar applications.
2.3.3. Mechanical Durability:
Fiberglass is known for its strength and weight, providing mechanical strength without adding
significant weight. It is impact and vibration resistant, making it ideal for applications where
radome may be exposed to extreme conditions, such as in an automobile.
2.3.4. Moisture Resistance:
Fiberglass exhibits excellent moisture and weather resistance, making it important for outdoor
applications such as automotive radar systems. A good coating or coating can improve
waterproofing, making the radome more durable in a variety of environments.
2.3.5. Processing and Forming:
It is easy to make and can be made into intricate shapes. It can be manufactured in many ways
including hand application, injection molding and injection molding, which provides
flexibility in manufacturing processes.
In summary, fiberglass is a reliable and widely used material for radomes,
providing a cost-effective solution with favorable dielectric and mechanical
properties for automotive radar applications.
2.4.
Comparison:
Property
Polyethylene
Cost
RF Transparency
Durability
Moisture Resistance
Manufacture-ability
Weight
Temperature Stability
Chemical Resistance
Fiberglass
Fiberglass
Economical choice with Cost-effective option with
generally lower initial cost.
variations based on specific
types and applications.
Exhibits good transparency Demonstrates excellent and
to radio-frequency (RF) stable RF transparency,
signals.
making it suitable for radar
use.
Tough and impact-resistant, Lightweight material with an
providing reliable protection. outstanding
strength-toweight
ratio,
ensuring
durability.
Good resistance to moisture, Generally good moisture
but in some cases, additional resistance; additional sealing
sealing may be required.
can
enhance
protective
qualities.
Easily molded into various Flexible processing enables
shapes, allowing for diverse the creation of intricate
design possibilities.
shapes, meeting specific
needs.
Lightweight, contributing to Lightweight with exceptional
overall weight reduction in strength, offering advantages
applications.
in
weight-sensitive
applications.
Limited
high-temperature Good temperature resistance,
resistance; may soften under suitable for various climates,
prolonged exposure.
and maintains stability.
Resistant to most chemicals, Generally
resistant
to
providing
protection
in chemicals,
though
diverse environments.
formulations may affect
specific resistance.
Polyethylene
3. Results and Calculations:
3.1.
Structure:
Mostly 3-Types of Structure used in Auto-mobile :
3.1.1. Cylindrical Shape
3.1.2. Spherical Shape
3.1.3. Rectangular Shape
Transmission, reflection, and attenuation characteristics.
Transmission Coefficient




Reflection Coefficient
T: Transmission Coefficient
D: Thickness of Radome
λ: Wavelength of the electromagnetic field
ϵ: Dielectric constant of the radome material
3.1.1. Cylindrical Shape:
Explanation OF Cylindrical Structure
Material Properties for Fiberglass:
Property
Value
Dielectric Constant (ε)
Loss Tangent (tan(δ))
Density (ρ)
Thickness (t)
4.0
0.002
1.5g/cm³
0.01 meters
Attenuation
3.2.
Matlab Code:
freqRange = 76:0.1:81;
Dielectric_radome = 4;
thickness_radome = 0.01;
diameter_radome = 0.2;
height_radome = 0.3;
wavelength = 3e8 ./ (freqRange * 1e9);
transmission = exp(-1i * 2 * pi * thickness_radome ./ wavelength .* sqrt(Dielectric_radome 1));
reflection = 1 - transmission;
attenuation = 20 * log10(abs(transmission));
subplot(3, 1, 1);
plot(freqRange, abs(transmission), 'b-', 'LineWidth', 2);
title('Transmission Profile');
xlabel('Frequency (GHz)');
ylabel('Transmission Coefficient');
grid on;
subplot(3, 1, 2);
plot(freqRange, abs(reflection), 'r-', 'LineWidth', 2);
title('Reflection Profile');
xlabel('Frequency (GHz)');
ylabel('Reflection Coefficient');
grid on;
subplot(3, 1, 3);
plot(freqRange, attenuation, 'g-', 'LineWidth', 2);
title('Attenuation Profile');
xlabel('Frequency (GHz)');
ylabel('Attenuation (dB)');
subplot(3, 1, 3);
plot(freqRange, attenuation, 'g-', 'LineWidth', 2);
title('Attenuation Profile');
xlabel('Frequency (GHz)');
ylabel('Attenuation (dB)');
grid on;
3.3.
Output:
3.3.1. Transmission Profile:
 Behaviour:


The transmission profile shows how much of the incident electromagnetic wave passes
through the radome.
It is characterized by oscillations, indicating the interaction of the wave with the radome
material.
 Reasons:


Dielectric Interaction: The peaks and troughs in the transmission graph are a result of
the wave interacting with the dielectric material of the radome.
Frequency-Dependent Behavior: Different frequencies interact with the material
indistinct ways, leading to variations in transmission efficiency.
3.3.2. Reflection Profile:
 Behaviour:


The reflection profile illustrates the portion of the incident wave that is reflected off the
radome.
It complements the transmission profile, as the sum of transmission and reflection is
always equal to 1.
 Reasons:


Dielectric Contrast: Reflection occurs when there’s a contrast in the dielectric
properties between the radome and the surrounding medium.
Material Characteristics: The nature of the material and its interaction with
electromagnetic waves determine the reflection behavior.
3.3.3. Attenuation Profile:
 Behaviour:


The attenuation profile represents the reduction in signal strength as it passes through the
radome.
Higher values indicate greater signal loss.
 Reasons:


Material Absorption: Attenuation occurs due to absorption and dissipation of energy in
the radome material.
Thickness Effect: Thicker radomes generally result in higher attenuation.
3.4. Electric Field Intensity within the Radome:
3.4.1. Maxwell Equation:
The relevant Maxwell’s equation for this scenario is related to how an electric field interacts
with a dielectric material, specifically Gauss’s Law for Electricity.
Gauss’s Law for Electricity is one of Maxwell’s equations and is given by:
∇ . D=ρf


∇ .D represents the divergence of the electric flux density vector D.
ρf is the free charge density.
In the context of dielectric materials, the electric displacement field D is related to the
electric field E and the polarization P by the equation:
D=εE+P
a. Interaction with Radome:


As the incident electric field approaches the radome, the dielectric material of the radome
comes into play.
The dielectric material influences the electric field according to its permittivity (ε).
b. Change in Electric Field:


The incident electric field experiences a change in amplitude based on the dielectric
constant of the radome material.
The relationship between D and E within the radome influences the electric field
behavior.
c. Transmitted Electric Field:


The electric field that emerges from the radome is the transmitted electric field
transmitted E.
It reflects how the dielectric radome has modified the incident electric field.
The specific details of how the electric field changes within the radome depend on
factors such as the dielectric constant of the material, the frequency of the incident
field, and the geometry of the radome.
3.4.2. Simulation Results:
3.4.2.1.
Incident Electric Field:
Graph: The blue line in the first subplot.


Represents the original electric field before reaching the radome.
Uniform amplitude across the entire region.
3.4.2.2.
Transmitted Electric Field:
Graph: The red line in the second subplot.


Represents the electric field after passing through the radome.
Modified amplitude within the radome based on the dielectric constant.
3.4.2.3.



Explanation:
As the incident electric field encounters the dielectric radome, the material’s permittivity
influences the field.
The dielectric constant adjusts the amplitude of the electric field within the radome.
The transmitted electric field reflects how the dielectric material has altered the original
field.
3.5. Magnetic Field Intensity within the Radome:
It utilizes a simplified relationship between the magnetic field, wavelength, and the
dielectric constant of the material.
In the context of electromagnetic wave propagation through a dielectric medium, the
magnetic field intensity inside a material (inside_radome H_inside_radome) can be
related to the magnetic field intensity in free space (outside_radome H_outside_radome)
using the following simplified expression:
𝐇inside=
1
𝛌√𝐞radome



H_inside_radome is the magnetic field intensity inside the radome.
λ is the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave in free space.
E-radome Is the dielectric constant of the radome material.
3.5.1. Simulation Results:
3.5.1.1.
Wavelength and Dielectric Constant:
 Outside Radome:


outside_radome=H_outside_radome=1/ λ
In free space, the wavelength (λ) is the same as the free-space wavelength.
 Inside Radome:


inside_radome=1radomeHinside_radome= 1/ λϵ_radome
Inside the radome, the wavelength is effectively increased due to the influence of the
dielectric constant nm
3.5.1.2.



A higher dielectric constant increases the effective wavelength inside the radome.
The magnetic field intensity is inversely proportional to the wavelength.
Therefore, a higher effective wavelength inside the radome leads to a lower magnetic
field intensity.
3.5.1.3.


Effect of Dielectric Constant:
Interpretation:
The dielectric constant of the radome material affects how electromagnetic waves
propagate through it.
Inside the radome, the higher dielectric constant increases the effective wavelength,
resulting in a lower magnetic field intensity compared to free space.
4. Designing of radome:
Designing a radome for an automotive radar system involves considerations for both
aerodynamics and radar transparency. The radome serves to protect the radar antenna while
minimizing its impact on the vehicle's aerodynamics and overall aesthetics. Here are some
general steps and considerations for designing a radome:
4.1.
Understand Radar Frequency:
Radar systems operate in the radio frequency (RF) portion of the electromagnetic spectrum.
The frequency of radar waves is usually measured in gigahertz (GHz). Other radar systems
use different frequency bands depending on the intended application. Here are some common
frequency bands used in radar:
Different radar systems operate at different frequencies (e.g., 24 GHz or 77 GHz). Ensure that
you know the frequency range of the radar system you're working with.
 X-Band (8-12 GHz):
It is commonly used in military and meteorological systems. X-band radar has a relatively
high resolution, but is subject to strong absorption by rain.
 Ku-Band (12-18 GHz):
Communications satellites and some radar equipment are used. Ku-band radar is less affected
by rain compared to X-band.
 Ka-Band (26.5-40 GHz):
It is used in some military and automotive systems. Ka-band radar offers high resolution and
is less affected by atmospheric conditions.
 S-Band (2-4 GHz):
It is commonly used in air traffic control, marine radar and weather radar. S-band radar has
good atmospheric penetration and is less affected by rain.
 C-Band (4-8 GHz):
It is used in weather radars and in some military applications. The C radar band is less
affected by atmospheric conditions and precipitation.
The choice of radar frequency depends on the specific application requirements. Higher
frequencies usually provide better resolution, but may be more sensitive to atmospheric
absorption and precipitation. lower frequencies are more suitable and precipitation penetrates
the air, but may have lower resolution.
4.2.
Material Selection:
Choosing the right material for the radome is important because it plays an important role in
protecting the radar system while allowing electromagnetic signals to pass through with
minimal interference. Radomes are often used to attach antennas to aircraft, ships, infantry
installations and other platforms. Several key factors can occur when choosing materials for
radomes:

Dielectric Properties:
The radome must have low dielectric loss to minimize signal attenuation. Materials with low
permeability and low contact loss are preferred to maintain signal integrity.

Transmission Efficiency:
The material must allow transmission of high-wear signals without significant distortion or
reflection. Materials that are transparent in the radar frequency range are often preferred.

Mechanical Strength:
The radome must withstand aerodynamic forces, environmental conditions and potential
impacts without causing any damage to structural integrity. Materials with sufficient
mechanical strength are often used, such as composite or reinforced polymers.

Weather Resistance:
Radome is exposed to diverse environmental conditions, including rain, snow, sun and other
conditions
temperature variation. Materials must be weather resistant, UV stable and resistant to extreme
conditions.

Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC):
The material does not interfere with electromagnetic signals. For example, metallic materials
can interfere with radar waves and are generally avoided unless they are specifically designed
for radar applications.
4.3.
Aerodynamics:
The radome shape should be aerodynamically efficient to minimize drag and maintain the
vehicle's overall performance.
Consider wind tunnel testing or computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations to optimize
the radome's shape for aerodynamic performance.
4.4.
Integration with Vehicle Design:
Ensure that the radome integrates seamlessly with the overall design of the vehicle. Consider
the vehicle's lines, contours, and aesthetic elements.
Collaborate with automotive design teams to ensure a cohesive look that aligns with the
overall design language of the vehicle.
4.5.
Radar Antenna Placement:
Position the radar antenna within the radome to maximize its performance while minimizing
interference from other vehicle components.
Maintain a clear line of sight for the radar waves to ensure accurate detection and ranging.
4.6.
Size and Shape Optimization:
Optimize the size and shape of the radome to balance aerodynamics and radar performance.
Smaller radomes are generally better for aerodynamics but may impact radar performance.
Consider using multi-layered radomes to improve radar transparency while maintaining
structural integrity.
4.7.
Surface Finish:
In radome design, achieving a smooth surface finish is critical for optimal radar performance.
The surface should darken the distortion signal and be exposed over the entire frequency
range. In addition, it must withstand environmental factors, ensure aerodynamic efficiency in
aerospace applications and resist impact and ice. Electromagnetic compatibility is important
and ease of cleaning improves maintenance. The balance of these factors ensures not only a
functional, but also an aesthetically pleasing appearance. In summary, choosing the right
finish is a critical aspect of radome design that requires collaboration between materials
engineers, aerodynamicists and manufacturing engineers.
4.8.
Testing and Validation:
The testing and validation process is essential to ensure the effectiveness and reliability of
radomes. Rigorous testing procedures are used to evaluate the radome's performance under a
variety of conditions, including extreme temperatures, humidity and exposure to
environmental elements. Electromagnetic tests confirm that the radome remains transparent
throughout the radar frequency spectrum without introducing significant distortion.
Mechanical testing verifies structural integrity and durability and evaluates the radome's
ability to withstand environmental impact and stress. Flight testing, especially in aerospace
applications, provides verification of real-world aerodynamic efficiency. This extensive
testing process ensures that the radomes meet the appropriate performance standards and
contribute to the overall success of the wearable system in a variety of performance
environments.
4.9.
Environmental Considerations:
Environmental considerations are important in the design of radars and protective housings
for radar systems. Radomes must withstand a variety of conditions, including exposure to UV
rays, humidity, temperature fluctuations and potentially abrasive elements. The materials
chosen for the construction of the radome must be resistant to the elements to avoid
degradation over time. UV stability is important to maintain optical properties so that the
transmission signal is transparent. Additionally, the radome has features necessary to resist
ice formation in cold climates. By addressing these environmental issues, designers are
improving radar length and performance in a variety of operational configurations,
contributing to radar system competitiveness and functionality.
4.10. Regulatory Compliance:
Regulatory compliance is an important aspect of radome design, ensuring compliance with
industry standards and safety regulations. Radomes must meet specific criteria established by
regulatory agencies to ensure their compatibility with radar systems and for overall safety
performance. Compliance considerations include electromagnetic interference limits,
structural integrity requirements and environmental impact assessments. Adherence to these
standards ensures that the radomes operate effectively without any disruption to system
performance. It also contributes to the broader goal of ensuring safe and reliable operation in
a wide range of applications, from aerospace to ground installations.
4.11. Collaboration with Radar System Suppliers:
Collaboration with radar systems is essential in the design and development of radars. Work
closely with suppliers to provide the necessary interfaces between the radar and the radar
system. This collaboration includes the participation of technical details such as frequency
bands, power levels and system integration requirements. It enables a better understanding of
the specific operating conditions the radome faces, which influences material selection,
surface finish and overall design. Direct communication with the radar system supplier helps
resolve any compatibility issues early in the design process, facilitating the creation of a radar
that integrates the framework with the radar, meets performance expectations and meets
industry standards. This collaborative approach promotes efficiency and synergy between
radome designers and radar system suppliers, ultimately leading to the successful deployment
of reliable and effective solutions.
4.12. Future-Proofing:
Designing a future-proof radome means anticipating and adapting to developments in radar
technology. Designers must consider the possible evolution of the radar system, including
changes in frequency bands, higher power levels or increased functionality. Choosing
adaptable materials and construction techniques ensures that the radomes are suitable for
future upgrades without the need for major redesign. In addition, the design of maintenance
and adjustment facilities contributes to the radar's longevity and relevance in the rapidly
evolving field of radar technology. Future-proof strategies will ultimately aim to extend the
life and flexibility of radomes, integrate them into the framework of emerging technologies
and meet evolving industry standards.
5. Manufacturability and Automotive Compatibility:
5.1.
Safety Standards:
Polyethylene can be considered safe for use in automotive applications. It is a widely used polymer known for its
low toxicity and chemical inertness.
The specific safety standards may also depend on the grade and formulation of polyethylene used, so it's important
to verify compliance with relevant regulations.
5.2.
Durability and Reliability:
Polyethylene is known for its durability and resistance to environmental factors. It can withstand temperature
variations, moisture, and UV radiation, contributing to the longevity of the radome.
It is resistant to wear and tear, which is important for maintaining the radome's performance over the lifetime of the
vehicle.
5.3.
Chemical Resistance:
Polyethylene exhibits good resistance to various chemicals, which is beneficial in the automotive environment
where exposure to cleaning agents and fuels may occur.
5.4.
Weight Considerations:
Polyethylene is a lightweight material, which can contribute to fuel efficiency and overall vehicle performance. Its
use in the radome helps keep the weight of the radar system low.
5.5.
Environmental Regulations:
Polyethylene is generally compliant with environmental regulations. It is a recyclable material, aligning with the
automotive industry's increasing emphasis on sustainability.
5.6.
Electrical and Thermal Properties:
Polyethylene is an insulating material, which is suitable for the radome's purpose of allowing radar signals to pass
through with minimal interference.
5.7.
Vibration and Noise Control:
While not the primary consideration for a radome, polyethylene may have some damping properties that contribute
to overall vibration and noise control in the vehicle.
5.8.
Testing and Validation:
Perform thorough testing and validation of the polyethylene radome to ensure it meets specific automotive
requirements. This includes impact testing, environmental testing, and other relevant assessments.
5.9.
Supplier Collaboration:
Collaborate with polyethylene suppliers to ensure that the material used meets the necessary automotive standards.
Work with suppliers to establish quality control measures.
5.10. Recyclability:
Polyethylene is recyclable, supporting the automotive industry's focus on sustainable practices. Consider the endof-life disposal and recycling options for the radome
6. Conclusion:
In the end, the design and selection of materials for the radar in an automotive radar system involves a careful
balance of factors such as transparency, aerodynamics, durability and regulatory compliance. The report discusses
various types of radar, including airborne radar, space radar, and composite radar, and evaluates materials such as
polyethylene and fiberglass. The MATLAB code provides information on the transmission, reflection and
attenuation characteristics of cylindrical radars, highlighting the importance of dielectric properties to signal
integrity.
A comparison between polyethylene and fiberglass highlights their cost-effectiveness, RF transparency, durability,
moisture resistance and processability. While polyethylene offers cost advantages and ease of processing,
fiberglass stands out for its exceptional mechanical strength and weather resistance, making it a reliable choice for
radar applications in automotive radar systems.
The report also discusses considerations for radomes, focusing on aerodynamics, integration with vehicle design,
radar antenna placement, and size optimization. Cooperation with radar equipment supplies, compliance with
safety standards and plans for future proofing to ensure the effectiveness and longevity of the rapidly evolving
radar technology are discussed.
The choice of polyethylene as a radome material for automotive applications is justified based on its safety,
durability, chemical resistance, lightweight properties and environmental compliance. The manufacturability and
compatibility of the polyethylene car radomes were evaluated, emphasizing the importance of thorough testing,
cooperation with the supplier and attention to recyclability.
Overall, the comprehensive analysis and recommendations contained in this report are intended to guide the design
and selection process of radar materials in automotive radar systems to exhibit optimal performance, safety, and
compliance with industry standards.