Exposure to a language
 One
way to learn a language by
hearing and reading it all around us
and without studying it, that is,
picking it up automatically (learning
without realising)
Focus on Form
To learn a foreign language, exposure to
language is not enough.
 We need to focus our attention on the
form of the target language, i.e. how it is
pronounced or written, how its grammar
is formed and used, the form and
meaning of vocabulary.
 We need to interact and communicate
too.

Key concepts
There are 3 main ways to learn
a foreign language.
1. Acquisition
2. Interaction
3. Focus on form
Acquisition
It’s the same as picking up a language.
 Learners need exposure to lots of examples of
language use, which is rich in variety,
interesting to them and just beyond their level
but not too difficult.
 Acquisition takes place not instantly, but over a
period of time.
 We read and listen to items of language for a
long time (a silent period) before using them.

Interaction
 To
learn a language we need to use it:
 to
interact with other people
 to express ourselves
 to make our meanings clear to other
people
 to understand other people
Which approach to use?
We do not learn a foreign language best
through learning grammar and
translating (the grammar-translation
method)
 Structural approach
 Nor do we learn by constantly practising
until we form habits (the behaviourist
approach), or just by communicating (the
communicative approach)

Key concepts
Learners need exposure to language
both inside and outside the classroom.
 Learning a language is a gradual
process. Learners need time and they
may need a silent period before
producing new language.

More key concepts

Learners’ use language in class to interact with
classmates or the teacher gives them
opportunities to experiment with language and
find out how successful their communication is.

Learners need opportunities to focus on forms
of language they have read or listened to. The
teacher can help them to notice certain points
about language, think about their use and
practise them.
Key concepts (cont.)
 Remember
that some learners may
like to learn and/ or are used to
learning in particular ways. Teachers
always need to match their teaching
to the characteristics and needs of
the learner.