REPUBLIQUE DU CAMEROUN
Paix- Travail-Patrie
…………
MINISTERE DE L’ENSEIGNEMENT SUPERIEUR
……………......
COMMISSION NATIONALE D’ORGANISATION DE
L’EXAMEN DU HND
……………………
REPUBLIC OF CAMEROON
Peace- Work-Fatherland
…………
MINISTRY OF HIGHER EDUCATION
……………......
NATIONAL COMMISSION FOR THE ORGANISATION OF
THE HIGHER NATIONAL DIPLOMA (HND) EXAM
……………………
National Exam of Higher National Diploma-New program – 2021 Session
Paper: CISCO
Paper Code: NWS19
Specialties: NWS
Credit: 6
Duration: 4hrs
Total Pages: 14
Marking Guide Sample 2
SECTION A: CISCO 1
(25marks)
A1: MCQ
(5marks)
INSTRUCTION. Write out the letter of the correct answer. Each question carries 1mark
1.A network technician suspects that a particular network connection between two Cisco
switches is having a duplex mismatch. Which command would the technician use to see
the Layer 1 and Layer 2 details of a switch port?
a)
b)
c)
d)
show interfaces
show running-config
show ip interface brief
show mac-address-table
2. Where are Cisco IOS debug output messages sent by default?
a)
b)
c)
d)
memory buffers
vty lines
Syslog server
console line
1
3. Which command can an administrator issue on a Cisco router to send debug messages
to the vty lines?
a)
b)
c)
d)
terminal monitor
logging console
logging buffered
logging synchronous
4.What is one indication that a Windows computer did not receive an IPv4 address from a
DHCP server?
a)
b)
c)
d)
The computer cannot ping 127.0.0.1.
Windows displays a DHCP timeout message.
The computer receives an IP address that starts with 169.254.
The computer cannot ping other devices on the same network with IP addresses in the
169.254.0.0/16 range.
5. What source IP address does a router use by default when the traceroute command is
issued?
a)
b)
c)
d)
the highest configured IP address on the router
a loopback IP address
the IP address of the outbound interface
the lowest configured IP address on the router
A2: Structural
(20marks)
INSTRUCTION: Provide shot and précised answers.
1.List and explain the function of 3 network devices
6marks
Answer
Network Switch:
Like a hub, a switch also works at the layer of LAN (Local Area Network) but you can say that
a switch is more intelligent than a hub. While hub just does the work of data forwarding, a
switch does 'filter and forwarding' which is a more intelligent way of dealing with the data
packets.
Network Interface Card (NIC)
In the list of networking devices, NIC stands on first place. Without this device, networking
cannot be done. This is also known as network adapter card, Ethernet Card and LAN card. NIC
2
allows our PC to communicate with other PCs. Basically it converts data transmission
technology
Network Router:
A router is a network device which is responsible for routing traffic from one to another
network. These two networks could be a private company network to a public network. You can
think of a router as a traffic police who directs different network traffic to different directions.
2.Defind the various type of networks listed below.
10marks
i. Wireless Local Area Network
ii. Metropolitan Area Network
iii. Campus Area Network
iv. Storage Area Network
v. System Area Network
Answer





Wireless Local Area Network - A LAN based on Wi-Fi wireless network technology
Metropolitan Area Network - A network spanning a physical area larger than a LAN
but smaller than a WAN, such as a city. A MAN is typically owned and operated by a
single entity such as a government body or large corporation.
Campus Area Network - A network spanning multiple LANs but smaller than a MAN,
such as on a university or local business campus.
Storage Area Network - Connects servers to data storage devices through technology
like Fibre Channel.
System Area Network (also known as Cluster Area Network) - Links high-performance
computers with high-speed connections in a cluster configuration.
3
3. State the and explain the functioning of the technologies used in the figure below:
Answer



The diagram above shows a home office worker connecting to their ISP using DSL. This
provides them with a connection to the Internet and to the business WAN of their
employer.
DSL provides high-speed connections over the copper wires installed for the domestic
public switched telephone network (PSTN) or ‘plain old telephone service’ (POTS). The
existing phone system only uses frequencies between 0 and 4 KHz, but DSL can use the
additional bandwidth available between 4 KHz and 1 MHz for high-speed data services.
DSL divides the 4 KHz to 1 MHz bandwidth into different transmit (upstream) and
receive (downstream) channels, which it uses to connect the home to the ISP. The
diagram below shows a DSL system with more downstream channels than upstream
channels, meaning that it can support higher download than upload speeds. This is
referred to as asynchronous DSL (ADSL), and is ideal for home users connecting to the
Internet, as the majority download rather than upload content.
SECTION B: CISCO 2 and 3
(25marks)
B1: MCQ
(5marks)
INSTRUCTION: Write out the letter of the correct answer. Each question carries 1mark
4
1. What will a host on an Ethernet network do if it receives a frame with a destination
MAC address that does not match its own MAC address?
a)
b)
c)
d)
It will discard the frame.
It will forward the frame to the next host.
It will remove the frame from the media.
It will strip off the data-link frame to check the destination IP address.
2. Which frame forwarding method receives the entire frame and performs a CRC
check to detect errors before forwarding the frame?
a)
b)
c)
d)
cut-through switching
store-and-forward switching
fragment-free switching
fast-forward switching
3. Refer to the exhibit. If host A sends an IP packet to host B, what will the destination
address be in the frame when it leaves host A?
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
DD:DD:DD:DD:DD:DD
172.168.10.99
CC:CC:CC:CC:CC:CC
172.168.10.65
BB:BB:BB:BB:BB:BB
AA:AA:AA:AA:AA:AA
4. What addresses are mapped by ARP?
a)
b)
c)
d)
destination MAC address to a destination IPv4 address
destination IPv4 address to the source MAC address
destination IPv4 address to the destination host name
destination MAC address to the source IPv4 address
5. What are two services provided by the OSI network layer? (Choose two.)
5
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
performing error detection
routing packets toward the destination
encapsulating PDUs from the transport layer
placement of frames on the media
collision detection
B2: Structural
(20marks)
INSTRUCTION: Provide short and précised answers
1. The router is a computer. Explain the statement.
3marks
Answer
The router is said to be a computer because it possess all the qualities a computer has,a router
has a RAM,ROM, processor, input and output.
2. What is the function of the various parts of a router?
5marks
i.
CPU
ii.
RAM
iii. ROM
iv.
NVRAM
v.
FLASH MEMORY
Answer
i.
CPU – The CPU executes operating system instructions like booting up, routing
functions, and switching functions
ii.
RAM – RAM is volatile memory that needs power to keep its content. When the
router reboots RAM is deleted entirely. The RAM stores data that needs to be
executed.
iii. ROM – ROM is a form of permanent storage. If we are looking at Cisco devices, they
store bootstrap instructions, Basic diagnostic software and Scaled-down version of
IOS in this kind of memory.
iv.
NVRAM – Nonvolatile RAM also does not lose its information when power is turned
off. NVRAM is used by the Cisco IOS as permanent storage for the startup
configuration file (startup-config).
v.
Flash Memory – Flash memory is nonvolatile computer memory that can be stored
and erased electrically. Flash is used to permanently store the operating system.
3. Where is the running configuration in the router stored?
2marks
Answer
NVRAM
4. Write short notes on static and dynamic routing.
8marks
Answer
Static routing
6
The network administrator manually creates, maintains and updates the Static routing table.
The route for every network is manually configured on every router. With this, you can control
routing at a very deep level. But this approach is impractical for large networks.
Static routes have an administrative distance of 1, so preference is given to them before
dynamic routes. This administrative distance can also be changed. The static routes of which
static routes are adjusted are called floating static route. Some advantages of the lower static
routing are being given:



In the static routing, the CPU overhead is very low.
Overhead is not present at all in the bandwidth because routers do not share updates with
each other.
With Static routing, you can control the network at the deep level.
Some disadvantages of the lower static routing are also being given:



If there is a change in the network, then it has to do manually on all routers.
If any link goes down, there is no fault tolerant in it.
Static routing is impractical for large networks.
dynamic routing
A dynamic routing table is created, maintained and updated by routing protocols. Routing
protocols contain the following protocols:




RIP (Routing Information Protocol)
IGRP (Interior Gateway Routing Protocol)
EIGRP - (Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol)
OSPF - (Open Shortest Path First)
In the dynamic routing, routers share routing information with each other. This increases the
overhead of CPU and Memory and bandwidth is also used. But if there is a link down in the
network, routing protocols can dynamically select another path.
Below are some advantages of dynamic routing being given:



Dynamic routing can be easily configured on large networks.
Automatically able to choose a better path.
Able to load balance between different links.
Some disadvantages of lower dynamic routing are also being given:
7


Dynamic routing uses bandwidth.
The router has an additional load on the CPU.
Route's choice is in the hands of the routing protocol. The administrator cannot do anything
5. What does the following command series do?
2marks
access-switch1(config)# line vty 0 15
access-switch1(config-line)# password strongtelnetpass
access-switch1(config-line)# login
access-switch1(config-line)# exit
access-switch1(config)#
Answer
Configure a password for Telnet and Console access
SECTION C: CISCO 2 and 3 Routing
C1: MCQ
(25marks)
(5marks)
INSTRUCTION: Write out the letter of the correct answer. Each question carries 1mark
1. Refer to the exhibit. Which highlighted value represents a specific destination
network in the routing table?
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
0.0.0.0
10.16.100.128*
10.16.100.2
110
791
8
2. Which type of static route is configured with a greater administrative distance
to provide a backup route to a route learned from a dynamic routing
protocol?
a)
b)
c)
d)
floating static route *
default static route
summary static route
standard static route
3. Refer to the exhibit. Which route was configured as a static route to a specific
network using the next-hop address?
a)
b)
c)
d)
S 10.17.2.0/24 [1/0] via 10.16.2.2*
S 0.0.0.0/0 [1/0] via 10.16.2.2
C 10.16.2.0/24 is directly connected, Serial0/0/0
S 10.17.2.0/24 is directly connected, Serial 0/0/0
4. Compared with dynamic routes, what are two advantages of using static
routes on a router? (Choose two.)
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
They automatically switch the path to the destination network when the topology changes
They Improve network security*
They take less time to converge when the network topology changes
They use fewer router resources*
They improve the efficiency of discovering neighboring networks.
5. To enable RIPv1 routing for a specific subnet, the configuration command
network 172.16.64.32 was entered by the network administrator. What
address, if any, appears in the running configuration file to identify this
network?
a)
b)
c)
d)
172.16.64.32
172.16.64.0
172.16.0.0 *
No address is displayed.
9
C2: Structural
1. Which technology is demonstrated in the diagram Below?
(20marks)
2marks
Answer
VLAN technology
2. What is the difference in functioning between a trunk port and an access port?
4marks
Answer
Trunk ports
Used for inter-VLAN connectivity
Access ports
Used to access a single VLAN
3. What is a native VLAN
Answer
4 marks
The Native VLAN is the answer to how a switch processes traffic it receives on a Trunk port
which does not contain a VLAN Tag. Without the tag, the switch will not know what VLAN
the traffic belongs to, therefore the switch associates the untagged traffic with what is
configured as the Native VLAN. Essentially, the Native VLAN is the VLAN that any
received untagged traffic gets assigned to on a Trunk port.
4. What does the command series do?
2marks
Router0(config)#router rip
Router0(config-router)# network 10.0.0.0
Router0(config-router)# network 192.168.1.252
Router0(config-router)# network 192.168.1.248
10
Answer
Configures RIP in router 0 with 3 networks available
5. Define the following terms with related to NAT.
Inside local address
Inside global address
Outside local address
Outside global address
8marks
Answer
Inside address - The address of the device which is being translated by NAT.
Outside address - The address of the destination device.
NAT also uses the concept of local or global with respect to addresses:
Local address - A local address is any address that appears on the inside portion of
the network.
Global address - A global address is any address that appears on the outside portion
of the network.
SECTION D: CISCO 4
(25marks)
D1: MCQ
(5marks)
INSTRUCTION: Write out the letter of the correct answer. Each question carries 1mark
1. A small company with 10 employees uses a single LAN to share information between
computers. Which type of connection to the Internet would be appropriate for this
company?




private dedicated lines through their local service provider
a dialup connection that is supplied by their local telephone service provider
Virtual Private Networks that would enable the company to connect easily and securely
with employees
a broadband service, such as DSL, through their local service provider*
11
2. Which network scenario will require the use of a WAN?




Employees need to connect to the corporate email server through a VPN while
traveling.*
Employees in the branch office need to share files with the headquarters office that is
located in a separate building on the same campus network.
Employees need to access web pages that are hosted on the corporate web servers in the
DMZ within their building.
Employee workstations need to obtain dynamically assigned IP addresses.
3. Which statement describes a characteristic of a WAN?




A WAN operates within the same geographic scope of a LAN, but has serial links.
A WAN provides end-user network connectivity to the campus backbone.
WAN networks are owned by service providers.*
All serial links are considered WAN connections.
4. What are two common types of circuit-switched WAN technologies? (Choose two.)





ISDN*
DSL
PSTN*
ATM
Frame Relay
5. Which two devices are needed when a digital leased line is used to provide a connection
between the customer and the service provider? (Choose two.)





dialup modem
access server
DSU*
Layer 2 switch
CSU*
D2: Structural
(20marks)
INSTRUCTION: Provide short and precised answers.
1. What is the full meaning of CPE and what is its function?
Answer
3mrks
12
CPE (Customer premises equipment) is the device that is located in subscriber’s premise
such as modem, switches, CSU/DSU, DTE router.
2. What is the function of CSU/DSU
Answer
4marks
A CSU/DSU (Channel Service Unit/Data Service Unit) is a device that converts data signal
between LAN network and WAN network. LAN network and WAN network use separate
communication technology. A CSU/DSU understands both technologies. DSL and cable
modems are the example of CSU/DSU.
3. State and explain three(3) WAN connection types
Answer
6mrks
Leased Line Connection
Leased line connection is a dedicate connection between two LANs. It simulates a single
Ethernet crossover cable between local LAN and remote LAN. Just like Ethernet
connection you can transmit data any time without any setup procedures.
Circuit Switched Connection
Circuit switched connection is just like a phone call. Whenever you have data to transmit,
open the circuit, transmit the data and close the circuit
Packet Switched Connection
Packet switched connection is the cost effective solution of leased line connection.
People, who cannot afford leased line, can use this. It allows us to share bandwidth with
others to save money
Cell Switched Connection
This is the enhanced version of packet switched connections. It could provide guaranteed
bandwidth, minimal delay, limited number of errors and Quality of Services.
4. What does the following command do?
2mrks
Router(config-if)#encapsulation hdlc
Router(config-if)#exit
Router(config)#
13
Answer
To configure encapsulation method to HDLC
5. What do you understand by virtual circuit?
2mrks
Answer
Virtual Circuits
The connection through a Frame Relay network between two DTEs is called a virtual circuit
(VC).
6.Explain how the frame relay encapsulation process works
3mrks
Answer
Frame Relay takes data packets from a network layer protocol, such as IP or IPX,
encapsulates them as the data portion of a Frame Relay frame, and then passes the frame
to the physical layer for delivery on the wire.
14