Chapter 2
Methodology
This chapter presents the research methods that the researcher employed in analyzing
and interpreting the idea pertaining to the variables of the study.
Research Design
The descriptive method of research will be employed to determine the
numerical hurdles and performance level of Grade Nine students in DCBESMNHS.
According to McCombes, (2023) Generally speaking, descriptive research is a kind of
quantitative approach that seeks to precisely and methodically characterize a population,
circumstance, or phenomena. Questions regarding what, where, when, and how can be
answered by it; however, why cannot. Numerous research techniques can be applied in a
descriptive research design to examine one or more variables. When the goal of the
research is to discover traits, frequencies, trends, and classifications, descriptive research
is a suitable option.
Descriptive studies provided essential knowledge about the nature of
objects and reasons. It played a large part in the development of instruments for the
measurement of many things: test papers, questionnaires, interviews, observation
schedules, checklists and score cards which are some of the tools used in descriptive
studies.
In this study, Correlational Research, a type of descriptive research, will be
used also to measure the relationship between the numerical hurdles and academic
performance of the Grade Nine students in learning mathematics. It looks for three types
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of correlation: zero (no association between the variables), negative (the variables move in
the opposite way), and positive (both variables change in the same direction).
Respondents of the Study
The respondents to the study will be 268 Grade Nine students of Dr.
Crisogono B. Ermita Sr. Memorial National High School (DCBESMNHS) in Nasugbu
Sub-Office, District 1 of Batangas Province, Philippines.
Population and Sampling
The total population of respondents will be 810 Grade Nine Students of
DCBESMNHS coming from 16 sections. To identify the minimum number of respondents,
a Slovin’s formula as well as simple random sampling technique will be used. Slovin’s
formula is used to calculate the minimum sample size needed to estimate a statistic based
on an acceptable margin of error.
Research Instrument
The researchers’ questionnaire will be used as the main instrument in
gathering essential data. The questions elicit an objective answer from the studentrespondents. The ideas about numeral hurdles as indicated in this study will be obtained
from the experienced of the respondents, interviews and observations from actual
mathematics instruction or teaching-learning process.
The questionnaire will be divided into two parts: numerical hurdles and
level of students’ performance in learning Mathematics 9.
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The first part of the questionnaire will be dealing with the numerical hurdles
encountered by Grade Nine students relative to cognitive ability, instructional materials
and teachers’ strategies in teaching mathematics while the second part will determine the
level of students’ performance in learning Mathematics which will be answered by the
student respondents using the checklist type of questionnaire.
To quantify the values assigned in the instrument a four-point scale or Likert
Scale will be used by the researcher to aid in the scoring and interpretation of data. The
scores will be tabulated and analyzed with and interpreted using appropriate statistical tools
for descriptive and correlational analysis.
Data Gathering Procedure
Once the questionnaire will be approved by the thesis committee at the
proposal defense, a letter of request duly signed by the adviser and the researcher will be
sent to the School Principal to ask permission for the involvement of the Grade Nine
Students of DCBESMNHS in the conduct of this study.
After the permission is granted, the researcher will personally administer
the questionnaires to the selected respondents. The directions for answering each part will
be carefully explained to the student respondents. After all questions were taken, the
questionnaires will be immediately retrieved. Lastly, the responses will be tallied,
tabulated, analyzed, and interpreted.
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Statistical Treatment of Data
Data gathered were treated statistically using descriptive statistics such as
mean and rank. To test the relationship among variables, the following statistic tools were
used in analyzing the responses.
Frequency count. This was used to determine the exact number of subjects
that responded on the items answered.
Percentage. The magnitude of the frequency count in relation to the whole
of the population frame.
Ranking. This determines the positional importance of the frequency count
and the percentage in relation to others in the same cluster and weighted mean.
Pearson correlation coefficient (r). This is the most common way of
measuring a linear correlation. The correlation coefficient, which ranges from -1 to 1,
indicates the degree and direction of the association between two variables.
Weighted means. This is defined as an average computed by giving different
weights to some of the individual values. When all the weights are equal, then the weighted
mean is like the arithmetic mean.
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