Just Enough Grammar to Get By
1. Identify the nouns in the following passage; hint there are at least six:
C enables programmers to control pointers and memory. Great power brings great
responsibility.
2. Identify the pronouns in the following passage; hint there are at least three:
The cafeteria featured cashew butter and blackberry jam on pumpernickel toast.
Employees found it delicious and wished they could eat this every day.
3. Identify the verbs in the following passage; hint there are at least six:
Samantha is coding Operation Bullwinkle in C++. This project currently consumes over
80,000 lines of code. She previously used Python, but recently gravitated to C++.
Samantha leads a team of four software engineers, which will grow to six software
engineers next quarter.
4. Identify the adjectives in the following passage; hint there are at least three:
Engineering is a great career for a brilliant mind. I know a clever engineer who could
excel at any intellectual task.
5. Identify the prepositions in the following passage:
Parameters may optionally appear within a URL, after the path.
6. Fill in the most appropriate transition:
Barbara typically studies problems for a long time before writing the first line of code.
_____________, she spontaneously coded a method the other day when she was
suddenly inspired.
7. Identify all possible meanings for the ambiguous pronouns in each of the following
passages:
Aparna and Phil share responsibilities with Maysam and Karan and they are next on call.
You may import Carambola data via your configuration file or dynamically at run time.
This may be a security risk.
8. Mark each of the following sentences as either Passive or Active:
MutableInput provides read-only access.
Read-only access is provided by MutableInput.
Performance was measured.
Python was invented by Guido van Rossum in the twentieth century.
David Korn discovered the KornShell quite by accident.
This information is used by the policy enforcement team.
Click the Submit button.
The orbit was calculated by Katherine Johnson.
9. Each of the following sentences contains two verbs. Categorize each of the verbs in
the following sentences as either active or passive.
(For example, if the first verb is active and the second is passive, write Active, Passive.)
The QA team loves ice cream, but the writers prefer sorbet.
Performance metrics are required by the team, though I prefer wild guesses.
When software engineers attempt something new and innovative, a reward should be
given.
10. Rewrite the following passive voice sentences as active voice. Only part of certain
sentences are in passive voice; ensure that all parts end up as active voice:
The flags weren't parsed by the Mungifier.
A wrapper is generated by the Op registration process.
Only one experiment per layer is selected by the Frombus system.
Quality metrics are identified by asterisks; ampersands identify bad metrics.
The principles for subject and action are:
1. Put actions in verbs
2. Put characters in subjects
3. Keep subjects near verbs
Considering these principles, revise these sentences for clarity.
Tyrosine phosphorylation by activated JAKs of cytokine-receptor cytoplasmic domains
then provides binding sites for the Src-homology-2 domain of the STAT proteins.
We subjected yeast to 20 min of amino acid deprivation and made ribosome-footprint
and mRNA-abundance measurements.
The assumptions that all sites evolve at one of two evolutionary rates (conserved and
nonconserved), that these rates are uniform across the genome, that sites evolve
independently conditional on whether they are in conserved or nonconserved regions,
and that the phylogenetic models for conserved and nonconserved regions have the
same branch-length proportions, base compositions, and substitution patterns, all
represent oversimplications of the complex process of sequence evolution in eukaryotic
genomes.
The number of different mechanisms that may exist for cells to interpret morphogens,
and the importance of design features such as feedback or local cell-cell
communication, is unclear.
Furthermore, the application of new technologies to further understand the biology of
the adipocyte, including location analysis, global DNase hypersensitivity, high-
throughput RNA interference screens and computational strategies, promises to
enhance our knowledge of this once-neglected cell.
Indeed, in the mouse, the sequences of large noncoding RNAs, which probably have no
3' polyA tail, were reconstructed from the fragments of truncated cDNAs.
Localized fluctuations in substitution rate are widely employed to draw inference
concerning the phenotypic significance of genomic sequence.
A number of promoters exhibited significant positive correlations between the
footprinting estimated distribution of K and nucleosome score estimated from T-Cells.
In this study, we subjected seven different primate species to comparative analysis of
the radial distribution pattern of human chromosome 18- and 19-homologous
chromatin by three-dimensional fluorescence in situ hybridization.
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Solution
Activated JAKs phosphorylate tyrosine residues on cytokine-receptor cytoplasmic
domains, providing binding sites for STAT proteins' Src-homology-2 domains.
We measured ribosome-footprint and mRNA abndance by subjecting yeast to amino
acid deprivation for 20 mins.
The complex process of sequence evolution in eukaryotic genomes is oversimplified by
the assumptions about evolutionary rates (conserved and non-conserved), their
uniformity across the genome, independent site evolution based on conservation, and
similarity in phylogenetic models for conserved and non-conserved regions.
The number of different mechanisms cells may use to interpret morphogens and the
importance of design features like feedback or local cell-cell communication remain
unclear.
Applying new technologies, such as location analysis, global DNase hypersensitivity,
high-throughput RNA interference screens, and computational strategies, promises to
enhance our understanding of the biology of adipocytes, a once-neglected cell.
In mice, large noncoding RNAs, likely lacking a 3' polyA tail, were reconstructed from
fragments of truncated cDNAs.
Fluctuations in substitution rate at specific locations are widely used to infer the
phenotypic significance of genomic sequences.
Several promoters showed significant positive correlations between the estimated
distribution of K from footprinting and the nucleosome score estimated from T-Cells.
In this study, we conducted a comparative analysis of the radial distribution pattern of
human chromosome 18- and 19-homologous chromatin in seven different primate
species using three-dimensional fluorescence in situ hybridization.