Senior High School www.shsph.blogspot.com Philippine Politics and Governance Quarter 2 – Module 11: Civil Societies and Social Movements www.shsph.blogspot.com Philippine Politics and Governance – Senior High School Alternative Delivery Mode Quarter 2 – Module 11: Civil Societies and Social Movements First Edition, 2020 Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work of the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or office wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit. Such agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition the payment of royalties. Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names, trademarks, etc.) included in this module are owned by their respective copyright holders. Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from their respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim ownership over them. Published by the Department of Education May B. Eclar, PhD, CESO III Rhoda T. Razon, PhD, CESO V Librada M. Rubio, PhD Development Team of the Module Writers: Anna Maria G. Mejia Christian C. Linsangan Rochelle G. Tuliao Content Editors: Angelica M. Burayag, PhD Reviewers: Eva Fe F. Taclibon, PhD Sergio B. Gonzales John Paul Paje Language Editor: John Paul Paje Illustration/ Layout Editor: John Paul Paje Illustrator: Neil John L. Supan Layout Artist: Ric Jayson M. Santos Management Team: May B. Eclar, PhD, CESO III Librada M. Rubio, PhD Angelica M. Burayag, PhD Ma. Editha R. Caparas, EdD Nestor P. Nuesca, EdD Marie Ann C. Ligsay, PhD Jayne M. Garcia, EdD Beverly T. Mangulabnan, PhD Eva Fe F. Taclibon, PhD Printed in the Philippines by Department of Education – Region III Office Address: Matalino St., D.M. Government Center, Maimpis, City of San Fernando Telefax: (045) 598-8580 to 89 E-mail Address: region3@deped.gov.ph www.shsph.blogspot.com Senior High School Philippine Politics and Governance Quarter 2 – Module 11: Civil Societies and Social Movements www.shsph.blogspot.com Introductory Message For the facilitator: Welcome to the Philippine Politics and Governance – Senior High School Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on Civil Societies and Social Movements This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by educators both from public and private institutions to assist you, the teacher or facilitator in helping the learners meet the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum while overcoming their personal, social, and economic constraints in schooling. This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and independent learning activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this also aims to help learners acquire the needed 21st century skills while taking into consideration their needs and circumstances. In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the body of the module: Notes to the Teacher This contains helpful tips or strategies that will help you in guiding the learners. As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this module. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to manage their own learning. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and assist the learners as they do the tasks included in the module. ii www.shsph.blogspot.com For the learner: Welcome to the Philippine Politics and Governance – Senior High School Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on Evolution of Philippine Politics and Governance! The hand is one of the most symbolized part of the human body. It is often used to depict skill, action and purpose. Through our hands we may learn, create and accomplish. Hence, the hand in this learning resource signifies that you as a learner is capable and empowered to successfully achieve the relevant competencies and skills at your own pace and time. Your academic success lies in your own hands! This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities for guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be enabled to process the contents of the learning resource while being an active learner. This module has the following parts and corresponding icons: What I Need to Know This will give you an idea of the skills or competencies you are expected to learn in the module. What I Know This part includes an activity that aims to check what you already know about the lesson to take. If you get all the answers correct (100%), you may decide to skip this module. What’s In This is a brief drill or review to help you link the current lesson with the previous one. What’s New In this portion, the new lesson will be introduced to you in various ways such as a story, a song, a poem, a problem opener, an activity or a situation. What is It This section provides a brief discussion of the lesson. This aims to help you discover and understand new concepts and skills. What’s More This comprises activities for independent practice to solidify your understanding and skills of the topic. You may check the answers to the exercises using the Answer Key at the end of the module. What I Have Learned This includes questions or blank sentence/paragraph to be filled in to process what you learned from the lesson. What I Can Do This section provides an activity which will help you transfer your new knowledge or skill into real life situations or concerns. iii www.shsph.blogspot.com Assessment This is a task which aims to evaluate your level of mastery in achieving the learning competency. Additional Activities In this portion, another activity will be given to you to enrich your knowledge or skill of the lesson learned. This also tends retention of learned concepts. Answer Key This contains answers to all activities in the module. At the end of this module you will also find: References This is a list of all sources used in developing this module. The following are some reminders in using this module: 1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of the module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises. 2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other activities included in the module. 3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task. 4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your answers. 5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next. 6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it. If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are not alone. We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning and gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it! iv www.shsph.blogspot.com What I Need to Know This module introduces you the basic concepts, role, and contributions of Civil Society and Social Movements to Philippine Democracy. At the end of the module, you will be able to demonstrate an understanding on the vital role played by an active civil society and social movements in ending the authoritarian regime in the country, how it contributes to a functioning nation, and have been considered as one component in the democratization process. The module has one lesson, namely: • Lesson 1 - Concepts, Role, and Contributions of Civil Society and Social Movements to Philippine Democracy After going through this module, you are expected to: 1. explain the concepts, role, and contributions of civil societies and social movements to Philippine democracy. 1 www.shsph.blogspot.com What I Know I. FACT or BLUFF. The following are statements about the concept, role and contributions of civil society and social movements to Philippine democracy. On your answer sheet, write FACT if the sentence is correct, write BLUFF if otherwise. 1. Non-Governmental Aid Organizations (NGOs), provide assistance to people for little or no fee. 2. EDSA 2 overthrown the Marcos regime in February 1986. 3. A study of civil society examines the characteristics of associations in a public domain or arena and their role in politics and society. 4. People power” brought back democratization to the Philippines 5. NGOs are operated by the government. 6. The brutality of the Marcos regime drew strong opposition from variety social groups and movements in the Philippines. 7. Civil society includes classical ‘political voices’ and forms of self-organization that are not politicized such as registered charities, faith-based associations, or self-help groups. 8. EDSA 2 overthrown the Marcos regime in February 1986. 9. Social movements were decisive forces in democratic breakthrough in the Philippines. 10. Family could be considered a part of civic society because they voluntarily contribute to your well-being and generally ask for nothing in return. II. MULTIPLE CHOICE: Read the following items carefully. Write the letter of the correct answer on a separate sheet of paper. 1. It is comprised of groups or organizations working in the interest of the citizens but operating outside of the governmental and for profit sectors a. Civil Society c. Sectoral Party b. Cooperatives d. Social Movement 2. A sectoral party dedicated to promoting the rights of Filipino women through participation in the country's electoral system and organs of governance. a. Charities c. Gabriela b. Feminism d. Women Empowerment 3. It was a series of popular demonstrations in the Philippines that began in 1983 and culminated on February 22–25, 1986. a. EDSA Revolution 1 c. Social Movement b. EDSA Revolution 2 d. Rally 4. These organizations are not operated by the government, are very often reliant on donations, and tend to be comprised of volunteers. a. Coalition c. People’s Organizations b. Non-Government Organizations d. Sectoral Organization 2 www.shsph.blogspot.com 5. It was defined as a sustained and purposeful collective mobilized by an identifiable, self-organized group in confrontation with specific power structures and in the pursuit of socioeconomic and political change. a. Civil Society Organizations c. Non-profit Media Organizations b. Cooperatives d. Social Movements Lesson 1 Civil Society and Social Movements What’s In As you learned from Module 10, political parties and elections play an important role in the analysis of democratization in the country. You must also remember that conducting elections as a political process in a democratic country is the most needed component in order to let the people’s voice be heard and feel that the place they are living with is free and fair. The current electoral system in the country was established under the 1987 Constitution. What’s New Enumerate at least five institutions or organizations that influence your life and the lives of people in your community. Tell something about it. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper. 1. _________________________________________________________________ 2. _________________________________________________________________ 3. _________________________________________________________________ 4. _________________________________________________________________ 5. _________________________________________________________________ 3 www.shsph.blogspot.com What is It What defines a civil society? As of July 15, 2020, according to study.com, a civil society is comprised of groups or organizations working in the interest of the citizens but operating outside of the governmental and for-profit sectors. They are known to champion issues of the marginalized members of the society, such as issues on poverty, environmental protection, human rights, labor rights. Organizations and institutions that make up civil society include labor unions, non-profit organizations, churches, and other service agencies that provide an important service to society but generally ask for very little in return. On a global scale, organizations from civil society play an incredibly important role. In the consequences of a disaster and pandemic such as the eruptions of Taal Volcano and COVID 19 group like the Philippine Red Cross was instrumental in serving those affected and helping them get back to normal. Philippine Red Cross has truly become the premier humanitarian organization in the country, committed to provide quality life-saving services that protect the life and dignity especially of indigent Filipinos in vulnerable situations. These groups are considered Non-Governmental Aid Organizations (NGOs), which provide assistance to people for little or no fee. NGOs fall into the category of civil society because they are not operated by the government, are very often reliant on donations, and tend to be comprised of volunteers. Another example of civil society at work is civic groups, such as the Rotary Club or Kiwanis. In the Philippines, these are groups that are made up of people from the community who volunteer their time in order to raise money for community projects or needs. Though these groups tend to be much smaller than NGOs, they are important because they represent the ordinary citizen contributing to the overall well-being of their community. 4 www.shsph.blogspot.com In certain cases, your family could be considered a part of civic society because they voluntarily contribute to your well-being and generally ask for nothing in return. This, in-turn, might allow you to go out and contribute elsewhere in the broader civil sector. According to Khan et al. (2015) civil society organizations and social movement play an essential role in democratizing politics and governance and can provide both immediate relief and longer-term transformative change by: ➢ defending collective interests and increasing accountability; ➢ providing solidarity mechanisms; ➢ facilitate participation of the people in the policy-making and execution process of the government; ➢ key participant political force; ➢ role in enhancing democracy; ➢ important institutional vehicles; and ➢ directly engaging in service delivery and challenging prejudice. What defines a social movement? Philippine politics and the struggle for genuine social change are best demonstrated through the country’s social movements. Social movements have been making mark in our history since the colonial period up to the present time. As stated by Colas (2002), social movements are defined as a sustained and purposeful collective mobilized by an identifiable, self-organized group in confrontation with specific power structures and in the pursuit of socioeconomic and political change. Many social scientists have defined social movements in different context but all of them states that social movements are groups meant to bring social change (Banga 2014). According to Blumer, social movements are collective enterprises to establish a new order of life. Social movements are a collectivity which acts with some continuity to promote or resist a change in the society or group of which it is a part. Social movements are called “social” because they intend to bring about change in the society and “movement” because they have the capacity to mobilize or organize people with common interest and goals. (Banga 2014) According to Phatharathananunt (2012) Social movements were decisive forces in democratic breakthrough in the Philippines. Under the dictatorial regime of Marcos, the following decades witnessed 5 www.shsph.blogspot.com widespread human rights violations. Students, academics, journalists, businessmen, laborers and peasants were arrested, tortured and killed. In addition, the regime also plundered the Philippines’s economy through the use of various kinds of corrupt practices The brutality of the regime drew strong opposition from variety social groups and movements, especially from the National Democratic Front (NDF). Opposition to the Marcos regime escalated after the killing of opposition member Benigno Aquino in 1983. The opposition culminated in a massive popular uprising widely known as EDSA 1 (after the Epifanio de los Santos Avenue or EDSA where the majority of protests took place) that toppled the Marcos regime in February 1986. Ironically, it was moderate social movements and disaffected military officers, that fought Marcos before martial law all the way up to the uprising and that, through its leading role in “people power” brought back democratization to the Philippines. A similar movement held on January 18, 2001 caused the dethronement of former President Joseph Ejercito Estrada in the event now known as EDSA People Power II wherein hundreds of thousands Filipinos poured into the EDSA shrine area. When the numbers of protesters reached a million the next day, the leadership of the military and police withdrew their support from Estrada and expressed support for Arroyo. This act signaled the end of Estrada’s presidency. Because power resides with the people in a democratic government and the citizens can directly or indirectly affect their government, social movements and social organizations contribute to democracy by providing a venue where the citizens can voice out their concerns to the government programs. Some organizations can initiate programs that may help other people of the people. They can function as watchers or observers of the government, calling the attention of both government and the people to act. These actions may result in the change of leaders or even the government. 6 www.shsph.blogspot.com What’s More ACTIVITY 1 On the box provided below, provide a brief explanation about the activity of the following civic groups in our society. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper. Civic Group Advocacy 1.Gabriela 2. Greenpeace Philippines 3. Family 4. Red Cross 5. Kilusang Mayo Uno ACTIVITY 2 Look for three words/concepts that are related with civil society and social movements in the word cloud below then explain each word based on your understanding. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper. 7 www.shsph.blogspot.com 1. ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 2. ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 3. ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ What I Have Learned Answer the following questions. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper. 1. What are the important roles of civil society movements in good governance? ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 2. What do you think might happen in a society with a weak and strong civil society? ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 8 www.shsph.blogspot.com What I Can Do Paste a picture of yourself in a sheet of paper depicting your advocacy on how you may contribute a positive impact in an overall well-being of your community. Write a short essay about it. Your essay will be checked using the criteria below. Content Structure, Logic and Transition Presentation of Photo Grammatical Accuracy Punctuation, Spelling and Presentation Total - 15 points 15 points 10 points 5 points 5 points 50 points Assessment I. IDENTIFICATION. Identify the terms being described in the following statements. Write the letter of the correct answer on a separate sheet of paper. 1. It was defined as a sustained and purposeful collective mobilized by an identifiable, self-organized group in confrontation with specific power structures and in the pursuit of socioeconomic and political change. 2. These organizations are not operated by the government, are very often reliant on donations, and tend to be comprised of volunteers. 9 www.shsph.blogspot.com 3. It is comprised of groups or organizations working in the interest of the citizens but operating outside of the governmental and for profit sectors 4. A sectoral party dedicated to promoting the rights of Filipino women through participation in the country's electoral system and organs of governance. 5. These groups are smaller than NGO’s that are made up of people from the community who volunteer their time in order to raise money for community projects or needs. 6. It was a series of popular demonstrations in the Philippines that began in 1983 and culminated on February 22–25, 1986. 7. A civil group dedicated from fighting for the rights of workers such as proper funding of basic social services and wages. 8. It was a peaceful political protest from January 17-20, 2001 that overthrew President Joseph Estrada in his position. 9. It has truly become the premier humanitarian organization in the country, committed to provide quality life-saving services that protect the life and dignity especially of indigent Filipinos in vulnerable situations 10. Under his dictatorial government the country witnessed widespread human rights violations, corruptions and brutality that led to 1986 EDSA Revolution. II. MATCHING TYPE. Match the advocacy in Column A with the social civil organization in Column B. Write the letter of the correct answer on a separate sheet of paper. Column A Column B 1. Ensure children’s right to equal care and education 2. Help women of domestic abuse who feel too afraid to speak for themselves. 3. Provide help to end hunger at home and abroad. 4. Biodiversity conservation 5. To provide access to clean water through the implementation of portable water filter system. a. Haribon Foundation b. Waves for Water c. Children’s Defense fund d. Earth Island Institute e. Women’s Environment and Development Organizations f. Bread for the World. 10 www.shsph.blogspot.com Additional Activities Write a reflection paper why the existence of civil society and social movement is naturally necessary in our country? Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper. __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ 11 12 Assessment What I Know 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. II. 1.Fact 2.Bluff 3.Fact 4.Fact 5.Bluff 6.Fact 7.Fact 8.Fact 9.Bluff 10.Fact I. Test I 1. Social Movement 2. Non-Government Organizations 3. Civil Society 4. Gabriela 5. Rotary Club or Kiwanis 6. EDSA Revolution 7. Kilusang Mayo Uno 8. EDSA II 9. Philippine Red Cross 10.Ferdinand E. Marcos c f e a b Test II 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. c e f a b Answer Key www.shsph.blogspot.com www.shsph.blogspot.com References Banga, L. (2020, September 24). Social Movements in the Philippine Context. Retrieved from https://www.academia.edu/31601694/Social_Movements_in_the_Philippine _context Phatharathananunth, S. (2020, September 24). “Social Movements and Democracy: Experiences from the Philippines And Thailand.” 259–67. Retrieved from http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.1039.9353&rep= rep1&type=pdf The Role of Civil Society and Social Movements. (2020, September 22). Retrieved from https://gsdrc.org/topic-guides/social-exclusion/lessons-andtools/the-role-of-civil-society-and-social-movements/ What is civil society? (2020, July 15). Retrieved from https://study.com/academy/lesson/what-is-a-civil-society-definitionexamples.html 13 www.shsph.blogspot.com For inquiries or feedback, please write or call: Department of Education Region III- Learning Resources Management Section (DepEd Region III-LRMS) Office Address: Diosdado Macapagal Government Center Maimpis, City of San Fernando (P)
