Solution for weakening radio signal when
tranmitted through vaious materials.
Abstract—- Wireless fidelity (WIFI) signal
depends on various things. Among them, air and
material buildings are special. Because those
things are the reason for the decrease in Wi-Fi
signal strength. The purpose of this research
paper is to find the answers to the problem of
signal strength reduction in existing buildings
and to identify suitable materials for the future
design of such buildings. Signal drop is a big
problem. That is, people today tend to do a lot of
things like virtual. Therefore, the signal speed
and strength are greatly affected. So, we need to
find the factors that cause the decrease in signal
strength and find solutions to them. Measurement
of a variety of materials used to construct
buildings using a formula or some device to detect
the effect of radio signals on their transmission.
Materials like concrete have a higher impact on
the signal strength and materials like plywood
walls have less impact. So, we can replace existing
building materials instead of weakening
materials. Also, places with access points for
indoor access also have some effects. That is
changing the locations of the access points can
also provide a solution. And the other way is to
create wifi friendly buildings. In this way, this
research paper explores the impact of signal
strength on the various materials used to
construct buildings and finds answers to them.
(Abstract)
Keywords— Wi-Fi, signal propagation, Wi-Fifriendly building, Material (key words)
INTRODUCTION
At the present time, people use a variety of methods
to access the internet. Many of them use wireless
methods. so, wireless local area networks and
wireless fidelity are the two main methods that
people use to access the internet. Wi-Fi is a
technology used to connect electronic devices
using radio signals. Because of Wi-Fi people can
connect to the internet without cables. It's a very
easy method. Today, people are using electronic
devices in large numbers. One person often uses
more than one device. Therefore, using a wireless
machine is a lot easier. Because it is not practical
to use a cable. Limiting the distance, we can use the
I.
XXX-X-XXXX-XXXX-X/XX/$XX.00 ©20XX IEEE
cable and connecting a large number of devices can
also cause problems. So, for a variety of reasons,
people have had to use wireless technologies. It is
a lot easier than using wired technology. When we
use Wi-Fi technology, we have to be careful about
its quality. So, we can measure the quality of WiFi by the Wi-Fi speed. Otherwise by penetration
rate. Use these things to find out the signal quality
of the Wi-Fi.
Usually, when we consider a house or an office or
any other type of building that uses Wi-Fi
technology, its Wi-Fi equipment is kept in one
place. But it connects devices in different places.
So, then there is a problem of passing the barriers
before the signal reaches each device. This makes
the signal strength weaker than the original
strength of the signal. So, this signal weakening can
be affected in various ways. That means those
devices may lose signal detection. Also, the
accuracy and performance of the Wi-Fi signal may
decrease. Therefore, we have to look for solutions
when this signal strength drops. A single building
can include things like walls, floors, ceilings,
doors, or windows. Then different types of building
materials may have been used to make the walls,
floors, ceilings, doors, and windows. Each building
material has different effects on the Wi-Fi signals.
Also, if we talk about a wall, even in the same
building, different materials can be used to make
the wall and several materials can be used as layers
on the same wall. Therefore, we need to study the
nature of the Wi-Fi signal in each of these
materials.
To study this problem, we need to look at the
behavior of signals from different materials. That
is, the strength of the signal should be checked
before and after the signal enters through the same
materials.
Then by comparing that data we can identify which
material has the big effect on the signal.
When designing buildings, especially for others
who want to use the models mentioned earlier, the
impact of building materials on Wi-Fi transmission
must be considered. This study compares the
strength captured without anything blocking with
the strength captured after being given a barrier in
the form of building materials to identify the effects
of certain building materials on Wi-Fi signal
propagation. This research study was carried out to
see if there are any other materials that have not
been tested or if there are any materials that have
been tested but have been exposed to new
environmental conditions. Given the increasing
importance of using Wi-Fi to implement Smart
Homes, this research is predicted to improve Wi-Fi
performance in Smart Homes in the future.
This study can be used to create buildings with
good signal propagation or rooms free of outside
signals that can also interfere with indoor
transmissions. As a result, IoT devices can detect
Wi-Fi signals and Wi-Fi coverage in buildings can
be improved. Given the increasing popularity of
using Wi-Fi to implement Smart Homes, this
research is predicted to improve Wi-Fi
performance in Smart Homes in the future. And the
purpose of this is to find solutions to this Wi-Fi
issue in existing buildings. that is, we cannot
change the materials of the existing buildings, so
another solution is to upgrade the network by
changing the location of the access points. This
research can be utilized to create structures with
good signal propagation or rooms free of outside
signals that could interfere with interior
transmissions. As a result, IoT devices can identify
Wi-Fi signals and Wi-Fi coverage in buildings can
be improved.
II.
BODY
Dataset
Here we have to collect different types of data. As
our first step, we have to collect some data like the
type or types of material the barrier consists of and
the signal strength before the radio signal enters
through the barrier, and the signal strength after the
radio signal transmits to the barrier. Another factor
is the distance from the device to the Wi-Fi source
and the type of media through which the signal
travels can also have some effect. Here we can also
use things like Wi-Fi scanners to measure signal
strength. This signal strength must be accurately
measured by an app or various devices designed to
measure Wi-Fi strength. That is, we can measure
the signal strength when we are near the wifi device
and go beyond the barrier and measure the signal
strength again. Then you will be able to see the
difference between the two signals. It is the amount
of signal absorbed by the barrier in the center.
A.
Since buildings are constructed using different
materials. Data related to those different materials
must be collected. That is, we need information
such as the width of the barrier, frequency,
minimum signal strength, maximum signal
strength, and average signal strength of each
material. Since the frequency and the product of the
wavelength ( 𝑐 = 𝑓𝜆 c=constant, f=frequency
𝜆=wavelength ) is always constant. We can find the
frequency using that equation.
Material
name
Fre
que
ncy
(Gh
z)
Mate
rial
width
(cm)
Minim
um
signal
stren
gth
Maxim
um
signal
streng
th
Aver
age
signa
l
stren
gth
concrete
2.4
1.5
-70
-65
-67.5
plastic
2.4
0.2
-33
-31
-32
plywood
2.4
7
-38
-35
-36.5
wooden
2.4
3.4
-51
-49
-50
Table 1
Here we can measure the Wi-Fi signal strength
through each material and then divide it by the
thickness using the formula to infer the signal drop
percentage as the signal passes through the
material. Another thing to keep in mind here is to
apply several layers when making things like walls
and slabs. There we have to collect the information
related to each layer separately. And the materials
used for them may also be different. Therefore,
separate data has to be collected in each case.
Wi-Fi signal is collected and dispersed by isolative
materials. The conductivity and complex
permittivity parameters are used to approximate
the properties of certain materials. The more
conductive the materials, the more radio signals are
reflected. The more primitive a substance is, the
more Wi-Fi signals it absorbs.
The following table depicts examples of
permittivity and conductivity of common building
materials. Conductivity is the measurement of the
electric charge or heats passing through a material.
A conductor is a material that enables an electric
current or heat energy to flow with little resistance.
Metals, semiconductors, and insulators are the
basic types of materials. Metals are the most
conductive materials, while insulators (ceramics,
wood, and plastics) are the least conductive and the
permittivity of a material represented as a ratio with
the electric permittivity of a vacuum is known as
relative permittivity (or dielectric constant in
earlier publications). The ability of an insulator to
store electric energy in an electrical field is
measured by the dielectric constant of the insulator.
material
Frequenc Conductivi Relative
y (Ghz) ty (s/m)
permittivi
ty
metal
1-100
10
1
glass
0.1-100
0.0043
6.27
concrete
1-100
0.0326
5.31
plasterboa
rd
1-100
0.0116
2,94
wood
0.001100
0.0047
1.99
Ceiling
board
1-100
0.0005
1.50
σ = conductivity
And the other way is,
brick
1-10
0.038
3.75
chipboard
1-100
0.0217
2.58
Wet
ground
1-10
0.15
30
Medium
dry
ground
1-10
0.035
15
Floor
board
50-100
0.0044
3.66
Very dry
ground
1-10
0.00015
3
We can measure conductivity in relation to
existence. That is,
Resistance R = (l/A)
The conductance,
G = A/l=A/l
E = σ/(ε0εr).
If the plates have surface area A, they carry a total
charge Q = σ A (positive on one plate, negative on
the other),
Q = ε0εr A E.
The voltage difference V between the plates equals
E / d if the distance between the plates is d.
Calculate the electrical conductivity from the
resistance, length and area of the current. The
resistivity is given as = = RA/I where p is
resistivity, R is the resistance, A is the area, and I
is the length. The conductivity is s = 1/p where s is
the conductivity.
𝜀
𝑘 = 𝜀𝑟 = 𝑚
𝜀0
Considering this equation, k is dielectric constant,
and it is the same as relative permittivity and we
can measure the relative permittivity of dielectric
constant can be obtained by dividing the
permittivity of the material by the permittivity of
the vacuum.
Permittivity of vacuum always takes a value like
8.85418782 1012 Farads/meters.
Procesing Data
The information gathered will be used to calculate
the percentage change in Wi-Fi signal strength
before and after specific materials are used to block
it. This can be largely identified from each of the
materials used for the wall. It is also affected by
their thickness. Materials used to make things like
wall slabs are more durable, which also increases
the potential for signal weakening.
B.
C.
Solutions
Based on the data found so far, it is possible to get
an idea of the effect of different materials on signal
strength.
A Building Property to Help Wi-Fi Friendliness In
order to improve the friendliness of the building to
Wi-Fi, properties within the obstacles. This paper
building can be optimized as signal spreaders,
Signal strength decreases to distance traveled.
Among the obstacle materials, concrete absorbs
signals the most, followed by metal and wood. The
presentation of the reflector reduces signal
absorption.
In a typical office or large building, an access point
is a device that generates a wireless local area
network, or WLAN. An access point uses an
ethernet cable to connect to a wired router, switch,
or hub and transmits wi-fi signals to a specific
destination. Install an access point at the front desk
and connect an ethernet cable through the ceiling
back to the server room if you want to allow wi-fi
access in your company's reception area but don't
have a router within range.
We can use site survey software when upgrading
an existing network. With them, we can take each
part of the building separately and draw a map on
them. Ekahau software can be used as software to
draw maps like this. First of all, we need to create
a map using the materials used to make each of the
walls, doors, and windows related to the map of our
present building.
buildings. There are different colors used for
different materials such as one color for concrete
material and another color for wood.
Figure II.2
Figure II.3
Below are some of the maps that have been drawn.
Figure II.4
Figure II.1
Figure II.5
The above software has assigned a separate color
to each material as follows when drawing maps of
Move the router or other access points high up and
in front of any obstacles
Place your devices and access points with as much
of a clear line of sight between them as possible.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
In our third year, first semester, we completed this
research paper as part of our Continuous
Assessment
for
Wireless
communication
module. I'd like to express my heartfelt gratitude
to everyone who helped and supported me in
completing this research paper. Lecturer of the
wireless communication module deserves special
recognition. His advice and encouragement gave
me the confidence I needed to get started on this
task right away and complete it successfully.
III.
construction materials, and the findings of this
study only reveal data on materials of the same
thickness, we can't draw any conclusions about the
best building materials to improve Wi-Fi signal
strength.
In the second experiment, we conduct the test using
12 types of materials. They are metal, glass,
concrete, plasterboard, wood, ceiling board, brick,
chipboard, wet ground, medium dry ground,
floorboard, and very dry ground. They also
received data in various ways. So now we can
identify what Wi-Fi friendly materials are. In other
words, we upgrade the network to solve the Wi-Fi
issues of existing buildings by changing the access
points and finding a suitable way to get the
solution.
V.
CONCLUSION
In conclusion, it absorbs Wi-Fi signals from
various materials. You have to be very careful
about that when designing buildings. Nowadays
people are turning to wireless technology and the
use of Wi-Fi or wireless fidelity has increased. That
is, we must build our home or office using Wi-Fi
friendly materials. That is, the signal strength
decreases, and the signal drop interferes with our
work. So, when choosing materials we should
choose the materials that have the least impact on
the radio signals. Materials like concrete, metal,
and wood are the main materials that block radio
signals.in our previous experiment, we explored
how different materials block signals and their
effects and identified concrete as the material that
causes the most damage to Wi-Fi signals. When
utilized as a barrier, we discovered that plastic has
the biggest impact on Wi-Fi signal strength. A
plywood wall, on the other hand, is the material
that affects Wi-Fi signal strength the least if used
as a barrier. in the first experiment, we did it using
4 different materials like concrete, wood, plastic,
and plywood. There we can see that some materials
have a bigger effect on the signal and some
materials have less effect. That is concrete has the
most impact, plastic has the least impact, and wood
and plywood have the middle impact compared the
concrete and plastic. The conclusion we can draw
here is that creating Wi-Fi friendly buildings with
the least Wi-Fi effect. Because the thickness
specifications of each material differ when used as
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IV.
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