Industrial Standards In an Electronics Laboratory Today's Agenda 1 What is the industrial standards? 3 2 The basic history of industry standards for electronics engineering Technical Standards for devices in our electronics laboratory Industrial Standards in Electronics Engineering A Historical Overview Late 19th Century Thomas Edison Nikola Tesla Earyrly 20th Century & Post-Word War II (1940s-50s) George Westinghouse • Pioneers who laid the foundations of electrical engineering were developing electrical systems and the need for standardizing voltage and current became evident • 1884 the American Institute of Electrical Engineers AIEE was founded 1960s-1990s • The emergence of digital electronics and ICs revolutionized the industry. The protocols like RS-232 for serial communication and TTL levels for digital circuits were developed. • The rise of computer networks and telecommunications took to lead the development of protocols for data communications like Ethernet, USB, ISO/OSI • In 1897, National Electrical Code(NEC) was introduced in the US for safety regulations and electrical installations. • Also, International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) was established in Europe in 1906, which aimed to standardize electrical technologies on a global scale. Late 20th Century - Present • As the electronics manufacturing became increasingly global, the need for international standards became apparent. • International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and International Telecommunication Union (ITU) very important organization for harmonizing standards. Industrial Standards of Equipment in Our Electronics Laboratory • Standards for: ⚬ Function Generator ⚬ Oscilloscope ⚬ DC Power Supply ⚬ Digital Multimeter Industrial Standards Example for a Function Generator *Reference: User manual of ROHDE & SCHWARZ HMF2525/2550 Arbitrary Function Generator User Manual Industrial Standards Example for a Function Generator • EN 61010-1:2011 (Safety Requirements for Electrical Equipment for Measurement, Control, and Laboratory Use): Covers: • Protection against electric shock * • Mechanical hazards * • Electrical and thermal hazards * • EN 61326-1:2013 (Electrical Equipment for Measurement, Control, and Laboratory Use - EMC Requirements - Part 1: General Requirements) * • EN 61326-2-1:2013 (Electrical Equipment for Measurement, Control, and Laboratory Use - EMC Requirements - Part 2 - 1: Particular Requirements) * • EN 55011:2009 + A1:2010 (Industrial, Scientific, and Medical Equipment - Radio-Frequency Disturbances Characteristics - Limits and Methods of Measurement): ⚬ It includes emissions requirements for systems that generate/use RF energy. ** * Source : webstore.iec.ch (Access Time: 16.10.2023) ** Source : standarts.iteh.ai (Access Time: 16.10.2023) Industrial Standards Example for a Function Generator • EN 61000-3-2:2006+A1:2009+A2:2009 (Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) - Part 3-2: Limits Limits for Harmonic Current Emissions): ⚬ Focuses on limiting harmonic current emissions from the public supply system. * ⚬ It determines limits of the harmonic currents that can be produced by equipment tested under specific conditions. * • EN 61000-3-3:2008 (Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) - Part 3-3: Limits - Limitation of Voltage Changes, Voltage Fluctuations, and Flicker in Public Low-Voltage Supply Systems): ⚬ It considers limitation of voltage changes, voltage fluctuations, and flicker in public low-voltage supply systems.* ⚬ It defines the limits of voltage changes caused by the equipment under test and provides the guidance on evaluation methods. * * Source : Keller, Reto B. Design for Electromagnetic Compatibility--In a Nutshell: Theory and Practice. Springer Nature, 2023. Industrial Standards Example for an Oscilloscope *Reference: User manual of Tektronix TBS1000C Series Oscilloscopes User Manual Industrial Standards Example for an Oscilloscope *Reference : User manual of Tektronix TBS1000C Series Oscilloscopes User Manual Industrial Standards Example for an Oscilloscope *Reference: User manual of Tektronix TBS1000C Series Oscilloscopes User Manual Industrial Standards Example for an Oscilloscope *Reference: User manual of Tektronix TBS1000C Series Oscilloscopes User Manual Industrial Standards Example for a Digital Multimeter *Reference :User manual of FLUKE 8808A Digital Multimeter Getting Started Manual Industrial Standards Example for a Power Supply *Reference: User manual of Hameg Programmable Power Supply HMP 2020/2030 Manual What is the EN61000 standard ? • EN 61000-1 (General): ⚬ It outlines general principles, definitions, and basic concepts related to electromagnetic compatibility. * • EN 61000-2 (Environment): ⚬ EN 61000-2 standard addresses the definition of compliance levels for low-frequency conducted disturbances in public power supply systems. * • EN 61000-3 (Limits): ⚬ EN 61000-3 series addresses the limits for emission and immunity of equipment. ** ￭ EN 61000-3-2: Harmonic current limitation ** ￭ EN 61000-3-3: Prevention of Power Quality Disturbances (voltage fluctuations, flicker etc.) ** • EN 61000-5 (Installation and Mitigation): ⚬ It provides guidelines for minimizing electromagnetic interference at the installation level. * * Source : webstore.iec.ch (Access Time: 16.10.2023) ** Source : Keller, Reto B. Design for Electromagnetic Compatibility--In a Nutshell: Theory and Practice. Springer Nature, 2023. What is the EN61000 standard ? • EN 61000-4 (Testing and Measurement Techniques): ** ⚬ EN 61000-4 series addresses testing and measurement techniques for EMC. These standards provide guidelines for testing the immunity of equipment against a variety of disturbances. ￭ EN 61000-4-2: This standard focuses on electrostatic discharge (ESD) immunity testing. ￭ EN 61000-4-3: Relates to immunity testing for RF magnetic fields. ￭ EN 61000-4-4: This standard addresses electrical fast transient/burst immunity testing. ￭ EN 61000-4-5: It deals with surge immunity testing. ￭ EN 61000-4-6: This standard covers immunity testing againts conducted disturbances. ￭ EN 61000-4-8: It addresses immunity requirements of equipment to radiated magnetic disturbances at power frequencies. • EN 61000-6 (Generic Standards): ** ⚬ These standards provide specific EMC requirements and guidelines for various enviorements. ￭ EN 61000-6-1: It provides EMC requirements for residential, commercial, public, and lightindustrial environments. ￭ EN 61000-6-2: This standard covers immunity requirements for industrial environments. ￭ EN 61000-6-3: It specifies emissions requirements for residential environments. ￭ EN 61000-6-4: This part is a standard for emissions in industrial environments. ** Source : Keller, Reto B. Design for Electromagnetic Compatibility--In a Nutshell: Theory and Practice. Springer Nature, 2023. EN 61000-4 • EN 61000-4-1 (Overview of Immunity Testing and Measurement Techniques): * ⚬ EN 61000-4-1 is an introductory standard for the series. It provides an overview of the various immunity tests and measurement techniques defined in the EN 61000-4 series. This standard offers guidance on understanding the purpose and principles of these tests. • EN 61000-4-2 (Electrostatic Discharge Immunity Test): ** ⚬ It provides procedures and requirements for assessing how equipment can withstand ESD events, such as human body discharges or discharges from neighboring objects. • EN 61000-4-3 (Radiated Radio-Frequency Electromagnetic Field Immunity Test): ** ⚬ This standard covers the evaluation of equipment's immunity to radiated RF fields. It includes procedures for testing equipment in an anechoic chamber. • EN 61000-4-4 (Electrical Fast Transient/Burst Immunity Test): ** ⚬ It is about that the ability of equipment to withstand sudden and brief voltage disturbances, such as those caused by switching and other fast transient events. ** Source : Keller, Reto B. Design for Electromagnetic Compatibility--In a Nutshell: Theory and Practice. Springer Nature, 2023. * Source : webstore.iec.ch (Access Time: 16.10.2023) EN 61000-4 • EN 61000-4-5 (Surge Immunity Test): ** ⚬ EN 61000-4-5 outlines the surge immunity test, which assesses immunity requirements, test setups, test procedures, test equipment related to voltage surges casued by switching and lightning transients. • EN 61000-4-6 (Conducted Immunity Test): ** ⚬ EN 61000-4-6 addresses the conducted immunity test, which evaluates equipment's resistance to conducted disturbances induced by radio-frequency fields. • EN 61000-4-30 (Testing and measurement techniques - Power quality measurement methods): ⚬ It sets the framework for power quality measurement methods. It provides the procedures and requirements for measuring the parameters of power quality in electrical supply systems. * ￭ It defines the various parameters related to power quality, including voltage characteristics (e.g., amplitude, harmonics, flicker), frequency, and other disturbances. *** ￭ The standard specifies measurement techniques and instruments to assess these power quality parameters. *** ⚬ EN 61000-4-30 is relevant in various settings, including industrial environments, power utilities, research and development, and laboratories. As it is a standard related power quality, this standard is crucial for a power quality analyzers and meters. * Source : webstore.iec.ch (Access Time: 16.10.2023)** Source : Keller, Reto B. Design for Electromagnetic Compatibility--In a Nutshell: Theory and Practice. Springer Nature, 2023. ** Source : fluke.com/tr-tr/bilgi-edinin/blog/guc-kalitesi/iec-61000-4-30-sinif-a-standardi-benim-icin-ne-anlam-ifade-eder#country-picker-mobile (Access Time: 16.10.2023) An Overview of the EN61326-1&2 Standard • EN 61326-1 (Electrical Equipment for Measurement, Control, and Laboratory Use - EMC Requirements - Part 1: General Requirements): ⚬ Provides general requirements for immunity and emissions concerning EMC for electrical equipment. * • EN 61326-2 (Electrical Equipment for Measurement, Control, and Laboratory Use - EMC Requirements - Part 2 - 1: Particular Requirements): ⚬ It focuses on the test configurations, operational conditions and performance criteria about equipment with test and measurement circuits that are not EMC protected. * ⚬ This standard sets the criteria for equipment to remain functional, accurate, and reliable even in environments with electromagnetic interference. * Source : webstore.iec.ch (Access Time: 16.10.2023)
