AN INTRODUCTION TO HEALTH & SAFETY IN
INDUSTRY
Prepared by: Engr. Vincent A. Buensuceso
OBJECTIVES OF THIS SECTION
• To define the basic terminology of the subject area.
• To outline the reasons for a safe and healthy workplace.
• Differentiate Unsafe act and Unsafe Condition
SAFETY
⚫ State of freedom from risks, usually achieved through all
measures and arrangement set to protect workers from
injury or ill health
⚫ Freedom from accident; freedom from harm, injury and
loss
⚫ It is the control of hazards and accidents in the workplace
⚫ The condition of being protected from or unlikely to
cause danger, risk, or injury
⚫
Is freedom from accident
SAFETY MANAGEMENT
Objective
• To prevent human injury or loss of life,
• To avoid damage to the environment and to property.
ACCIDENT
• Undesired circumstances which give rise to ill- health or
injury, damage to property, plant, products or the
environment; production losses or increased liabilities.
• Usually the result of contact of man with a source of
energy above the threshold limit of the body or structure
• An occurrence that interrupts the normal and orderly
progress of any activity
• Results in physical harm, damage to property, delay in
operation
INCIDENT
• Undesired circumstances and ‘near misses’ which could
cause accidents. An incident where no injury, ill health or
fatality occurs may also be referred to as a “near-miss”,
“near-hit”, “close call”, or dangerous occurrence.
REASONS FOR PREVENTING ACCIDENTS
There are three main reasons for preventing accidents and ill-health.
No-one comes to work to be
injured or killed
Moral / Humane
Accidents cost
organisations money.
Cost
Organisations have a legal obligation.
⚫
Legislation
Department Order no. 198-18: Implementing
Rules and Regulations of RA. 11058
"An Act Strengthening Compliance with
Occupational Safety and Health Standards
and Providing Penalties for Violations
thereof"
SAFE OR UNSAFE
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SAFE OR UNSAFE
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SAFE OR UNSAFE
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SAFE OR UNSAFE
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SAFE OR UNSAFE
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SAFE OR UNSAFE
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SAFE OR UNSAFE
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SAFE OR UNSAFE
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SAFE OR UNSAFE
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SAFE OR UNSAFE
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SAFE OR UNSAFE
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ACCIDENT CAUSES, PREVENTION AND CONTROL
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ACCIDENTS ALWAYS HAVE CAUSES
⚫ Accidents don’t “just happen”
⚫ Accidents always
have causes
⚫ Accidents always
can be prevented
⚫ For every accident
reported, there are
600 near-misses
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CAUSES OF ACCIDENTS
⚫ 90% of all accidents are caused by unsafe acts
⚫ Unsafe conditions cause only about 10% of
workplace accidents
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WHY DO ACCIDENTS HAPPEN?
Two Primary Causes of Accidents
⦿ Accidents happen because of one or
both of the following:
Unsafe acts
Unsafe conditions
UNSAFE ACTS
⚫ Unsafe acts are actions by people that directly
cause or contribute to an accident.
⚫ Performance of a task or other activity that is
conducted in a manner that may threaten the
health and/or safety of workers
⚫ Any human action that violates a commonly
accepted safe work procedure or standard
operating procedure
⚫ Examples are
IMPROPER USE OF PPE
HORSEPLAYING
DRUG OR ALCOHOL
USE
NOT FOLLOWING PROCEDURES
UNAUTHORIZED USE OF EQUIPMENT OR TOOLS
USING DAMAGED EQUIPMENT
NOT USING PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
IMPROVISED
TOOL/MACHINE/EQUIPMENT
USING THE WRONG
TOOL
DISABLING SAFETY DEVICES AND REMOVING
MACHINE GUARDS
IMPROPER USED OF
EQUIPMENT/TOOL
UNSAFE CONDITIONS
⚫ A condition in the work place that is
likely to cause property damage or
injury, disrupt operations in a plant or
office or other forms of losses
⚫ These conditions could be guarded or
prevented
⚫ Examples of unsafe conditions are:
MISSING MACHINE GUARDS
DAMAGED TOOL OR EQUIPMENT
POOR LIGHTING
POOR HOUSEKEEPING
LOW AND HIGH TEMPERATURE
UNSAFE CONDITION + UNSAFE
ACT= ACCIDENT
PERSONAL
FACTORS
FACTORS
PERSONAL
FACTORS
ANDAND
JOBJOB
FACTORS
Unsafe conditions and unsafe acts usually result from two factors
– Personal Factors, such as lack of knowledge or skills, can lead to unsafe
acts
– Job Factors, such as substandard equipment, contribute to unsafe
conditions
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EDUCATION AND ENFORCEMENT
⚫ There are two ways to help keep people from
committing unsafe acts: Through safety
education and training, and enforcement
⚫ With proper instruction, training and
education, we can reduce accidents
EDUCATION AND ENFORCEMENT
⚫ When workers fail to follow the rules,
enforcement of the rules becomes necessary
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ACCIDENT REACTION
– AND PREVENTION
⚫ It’s important that Accident Prevention is part
of reacting to an accident
⚫ To prevent future occurrences, accidents are
usually handled in
three stages:
– Accident Response
– Accident Investigation
– Corrective Actions
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RESPONDING TO AN ACCIDENT
⚫ The first priority when responding to an
accident is to make sure other workers are
safe from harm and tending to anyone who
might have been injured
⚫ It’s important to secure the scene after an
accident, to make sure no one else gets hurt
⚫ It’s also important not to disturb anything that
could help in the Accident Investigation
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INVESTIGATING AN ACCIDENT
⚫ An Accident Investigation is a standard part
of following up such workplace incidents
⚫ If you were involved in the accident, you’ll
be part of the Accident Investigation
⚫ Even if you weren’t involved, you might
be part of the Accident Investigation
⚫ Honesty is essential – lives could depend on it
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TAKING CORRECTIVE ACTIONS
⚫ The final step would be to follow an
Accident Investigation with suggestions
for Corrective Actions
⚫ Your feedback and
participation are important
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ANALYZING JOB SAFETY
⚫ You are observed informally every day
⚫ A Job Safety Analysis is a formal observation
⚫ There are three elements to a Job
Safety Analysis:
– Sequence of job steps
– Potential hazards
– Actions to prevent hazards
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YOUR ROLE IN SAFETY
⚫ It’s essential that each employee take an active role in
staying safe on the job
⚫ This means always being aware of the consequences of
choosing to take unsafe actions
⚫ No matter how many times you’ve done something, it’s
critical to observe each and every safety step
⚫ You are the most important element in
working safely
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If it looks unsafe
IT PROBABLY
IS!
• Tell your supervisor
WHAT YOU CAN DO
⚫ Never do anything…
–that you have not been trained
and authorized to do
–that is unsafe
–that violates company
procedures
–that puts others at risk
REPORT!
⚫ Any unsafe acts
⚫ Any unsafe conditions
⚫ Any accidents or injuries
⚫ Any near-misses
ENCOURAGE!
⚫ Let others know that you
want to work safely and
expect them to follow the
rules too. Don’t let others
endanger you or others.
INSPECT!
⦿ Do
a daily safety check of
⚫your work area
⚫your equipment
⚫your tools
⚫yourself
INFORM!
⚫ Let your supervisor know if
you are taking medication
that makes you sleepy or
affects your vision
BE
ALERT!
⚫ Think about your actions
⚫ Watch out for others
⚫ Know the hazards of your
surroundings
⚫ Watch where you walk
BE
ACCOUNTABLE!
⚫ Don’t create unsafe conditions
⚫ Clean up spills immediately
⚫ Put things back when you are
done
⚫ Keep your work area safe for
others
BE
⦿ Being
SAFE!
safe is an active choice you
have every day
⦿ Know the hazards and controls
⦿ Follow the safety procedures –
they protect you and others
SUMMARY
⚫ Accidents are caused by unsafe conditions and by
people committing unsafe acts
⚫ Knowledge and training help keep people from
committing unsafe acts
⚫ When an accident occurs, there will be:
– Accident Response
– Accident Investigation, and
– Corrective Actions
⚫ You are the key to accident prevention
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