In 1987, the Philippines adopted a new constitution to replace the 1973
Constitution. The 1987 Constitution, also known as the "Constitution of the
Republic of the Philippines," established a democratic system of government with
a strong emphasis on the protection of individual rights and freedoms. Key
features of the constitution include:
1. **Preamble:** The preamble sets forth the aspirations of the Filipino people,
highlighting the desire for a just and humane society, the rule of law, and a
government that serves the common good.
2. **Declaration of Principles and State Policies:** This section outlines the
fundamental principles that guide the government, such as sovereignty of the
people, social justice, equality, and respect for human rights. It also emphasizes
the separation of powers among the executive, legislative, and judicial branches.
3. **Bill of Rights:** The Bill of Rights guarantees the protection of individual
liberties and human rights. It includes provisions on freedom of expression,
freedom of religion, the right to privacy, and protections against unreasonable
searches and seizures.
4. **Structure of Government:** The constitution establishes a presidential system
with a President as the head of state and government. It also outlines the structure
of the legislative and judicial branches, as well as the constitutional commissions.
5. **Local Government:** The constitution recognizes the autonomy of local
government units and provides for the decentralization of power to promote local
development.
6. **Economic Provisions:** The constitution includes provisions aimed at
fostering a balanced and sustainable economic development, including the
protection of natural resources and the promotion of social justice in economic
policies.
7. **Amendment and Revision:** Procedures for amending and revising the
constitution are outlined, emphasizing the importance of public participation and
approval in any changes to the fundamental law.
8. **Transitory Provisions:** Temporary provisions address the transition from the
previous constitution to the new one, including the establishment of a transition
government.
The 1987 Constitution remains the supreme law of the Philippines and has played
a crucial role in shaping the country's political and legal landscape.