Week 9
Health Inequalities and black communities
Question 121: What do social, economic, and political factors primarily shape, according to the report
by the Public Health Agency of Canada?
A. Cultural identity
B. Educational opportunities
C. Health and well-being
D. Technological advancements
E. Recreational activities
Question 122: According to the report by the Public Health Agency of Canada, when can inequalities in
health be considered inequitable?
A. When they are numerical differences
B. When they are systematic and avoidable
C. When they are unavoidable
D. When they are temporary
E. When they are individual preferences
Question 123: How does the report by the City of Toronto’s Confronting Anti-Black Racism Unit
describe the impact of anti-Black racism on health outcomes?
A. It reduces health disparities
B. It has no impact on health outcomes
C. It exacerbates long-standing inequities
D. It improves overall well-being
E. It is irrelevant to health issues
Question 124: According to the "Social determinants and inequities in health for Black Canadians: A
Snapshot" report, what levels of society are implicated in the discrimination experienced by Black
Canadians?
A. Only individual and interpersonal levels
B. Only institutional and societal levels
C. Individual, interpersonal, institutional, and societal levels
D. Individual and institutional levels
E. Interpersonal and societal levels
Question 125: What are some forms of racism experiences discussed in the report, as mentioned in
previous classes?
A. Economic disparities only
B. Educational advantages only
C. Over-policing, under-policing, and streaming at schools
D. Technological advancements
E. Cultural identity
Question 126: According to the report by the Public Health Agency of Canada, what is the primary
focus of health inequities?
A. Numerical differences
B. Systematic, unfair, and avoidable differences
C. Temporal variations
D. Indiscriminate differences
E. Irrelevant variations
Question 127: How does the report by the City of Toronto’s Confronting Anti-Black Racism Unit
describe the impact of anti-Black racism on health outcomes?
A. It reduces health disparities
B. It has no impact on health outcomes
C. It exacerbates long-standing inequities
D. It improves overall well-being
E. It is irrelevant to health issues
Question 128: According to the "Social determinants and inequities in health for Black Canadians: A
Snapshot" report, what levels of society are implicated in the discrimination experienced by Black
Canadians?
A. Only individual and interpersonal levels
B. Only institutional and societal levels
C. Individual, interpersonal, institutional, and societal levels
D. Individual and institutional levels
E. Interpersonal and societal levels
Question 129: What are some forms of racism experiences discussed in the report, as mentioned in
previous classes?
A. Economic disparities only
B. Educational advantages only
C. Over-policing, under-policing, and streaming at schools
D. Technological advancements
E. Cultural identity
Question 130: According to the report by the Public Health Agency of Canada, what is the primary
focus of health inequities?
A. Numerical differences
B. Systematic, unfair, and avoidable differences
C. Temporal variations
D. Indiscriminate differences
E. Irrelevant variations
Question 161: According to the Public Health Agency of Canada report, what is cited as evidence of
Anti-Black racism in healthcare systems?
A. Over-treatment in hospitals
B. Lack of diversity in medical staff
C. Systemic discrimination and under-treatment
D. Adequate healthcare access
E. Positive experiences in healthcare
Question 162: What impact do chronic stress and experiences of trauma, as mentioned in the report,
have on individuals?
A. Improved mental and physical health
B. Neutral effects on health
C. No impact on overall well-being
D. Negative effects on mental and physical health
E. Temporary effects on health
Question 163: Why is the recent move by the Canadian Medical Association Journal considered a
welcome development, as reported by CBC News in 2022?
A. To perpetuate anti-Black racism
B. To maintain structural barriers in healthcare
C. To address the role in perpetuating anti-Black racism in healthcare
D. To avoid change in the healthcare system
E. To ignore the need for equitable care
Question 164: According to Dr. OmiSoore Dryden, what is emphasized as a crucial aspect in addressing
poor health outcomes in Black communities?
A. Increased funding
B. More Black physicians and practitioners
C. Ignoring anti-Black racism
D. Maintaining current structures and practices
E. Continuing to overlook discrimination
Question 165: Why is it important to note the diversity within the Black population in Canada, as
mentioned in the text?
A. To reinforce monolithic perspectives
B. To ignore discrimination
C. To emphasize similarities only
D. Different kinds of discrimination intersect to shape experiences
E. To downplay the importance of diversity
Question 166: According to the Public Health Agency of Canada report, what is cited as evidence of
Anti-Black racism in healthcare systems?
A. Over-treatment in hospitals
B. Lack of diversity in medical staff
C. Systemic discrimination and under-treatment
D. Adequate healthcare access
E. Positive experiences in healthcare
Question 167: What impact do chronic stress and experiences of trauma, as mentioned in the report,
have on individuals?
A. Improved mental and physical health
B. Neutral effects on health
C. No impact on overall well-being
D. Negative effects on mental and physical health
E. Temporary effects on health
Question 168: Why is the recent move by the Canadian Medical Association Journal considered a
welcome development, as reported by CBC News in 2022?
A. To perpetuate anti-Black racism
B. To maintain structural barriers in healthcare
C. To address the role in perpetuating anti-Black racism in healthcare
D. To avoid change in the healthcare system
E. To ignore the need for equitable care
Question 169: According to Dr. OmiSoore Dryden, what is emphasized as a crucial aspect in addressing
poor health outcomes in Black communities?
A. Increased funding
B. More Black physicians and practitioners
C. Ignoring anti-Black racism
D. Maintaining current structures and practices
E. Continuing to overlook discrimination
Question 170: Why is it important to note the diversity within the Black population in Canada, as
mentioned in the text?
A. To reinforce monolithic perspectives
B. To ignore discrimination
C. To emphasize similarities only
D. Different kinds of discrimination intersect to shape experiences
E. To downplay the importance of diversity
Question 171: What does the CBC News report state about the Canadian Medical Association Journal's
eagerness to address anti-Black racism in healthcare?
A. It criticizes the journal for perpetuating racism
B. It acknowledges the journal's efforts for positive change
C. It questions the need for addressing racism in healthcare
D. It suggests maintaining the status quo
E. It ignores the issue of racism in healthcare
Question 172: In the context of healthcare, why does Dr. OmiSoore Dryden emphasize addressing the
reality of anti-Black racism in structures and practices?
A. To maintain poor health outcomes
B. To highlight funding issues
C. To perpetuate discrimination
D. To achieve equitable healthcare
E. To ignore the role of practitioners
Question 173: According to the Public Health Agency of Canada report, what is the definition of health
inequities?
A. Only numerical differences between health outcomes
B. Systematic, unfair, and avoidable differences in health
C. Temporary variations in health
D. Indiscriminate differences in health
E. Irrelevant variations in health
Question 174: How does the report suggest chronic stress and experiences of trauma impact mental
and physical health?
A. By improving overall well-being
B. By having neutral effects on health
C. By not affecting overall well-being
D. By having negative effects on mental and physical health
E. By causing temporary effects on health
Question 175: Why does the CBC News report highlight the need for dismantling structural barriers to
equitable care in healthcare?
A. To ignore the importance of equitable care
B. To maintain structural barriers in healthcare
C. To perpetuate anti-Black racism in healthcare
D. To avoid addressing healthcare issues
E. To spark broader change in healthcare
Question 176: In the context of healthcare, why is it important to address anti-Black racism according
to Dr. OmiSoore Dryden?
A. To reinforce existing structures and practices
B. To ignore discrimination in healthcare
C. To perpetuate poor health outcomes
D. To achieve equitable healthcare
E. To discourage the need for practitioners
Question 177: According to the Public Health Agency of Canada report, what is the definition of health
inequities?
A. Only numerical differences between health outcomes
B. Systematic, unfair, and avoidable differences in health
C. Temporary variations in health
D. Indiscriminate differences in health
E. Irrelevant variations in health
Question 178: How does the report suggest chronic stress and experiences of trauma impact mental
and physical health?
A. By improving overall well-being
B. By having neutral effects on health
C. By not affecting overall well-being
D. By having negative effects on mental and physical health
E. By causing temporary effects on health
Question 179: Why does the CBC News report highlight the need for dismantling structural barriers to
equitable care in healthcare?
A. To ignore the importance of equitable care
B. To maintain structural barriers in healthcare
C. To perpetuate anti-Black racism in healthcare
D. To avoid addressing healthcare issues
E. To spark broader change in healthcare
Question 180: In the context of healthcare, why is it important to address anti-Black racism according
to Dr. OmiSoore Dryden?
A. To reinforce existing structures and practices
B. To ignore discrimination in healthcare
C. To perpetuate poor health outcomes
D. To achieve equitable healthcare
E. To discourage the need for practitioners
Question 181: According to the report by the City of Toronto’s Confronting Anti-Black Racism Unit,
what impact does Anti-Black racism have on health outcomes in Black communities?
A. It has no impact on health outcomes
B. It perpetuates positive health outcomes
C. It exacerbates long-standing inequities
D. It promotes fairness in health outcomes
E. It ignores health disparities
Question 182: How does the report describe the experiences of racism faced by Black Canadians in
terms of discrimination levels?
A. Discrimination only occurs at the individual level
B. Discrimination is only present at the societal level
C. Discrimination is limited to the institutional level
D. Discrimination occurs at multiple levels, including individual, interpersonal, institutional, and societal
E. Discrimination is insignificant and avoidable
Question 183: According to the Interaction Institute for Social Change, what is the vital role of social,
economic, and political factors in shaping health and well-being?
A. They are irrelevant to health and well-being
B. They have a minimal impact on health and well-being
C. They shape health and well-being only for specific groups
D. They are vitally important for health and well-being
E. They negatively impact health and well-being
Question 184: How does the CBC News report characterize the Canadian Medical Association Journal's
eagerness to address anti-Black racism in healthcare?
A. It criticizes the journal for perpetuating racism
B. It acknowledges the journal's efforts for positive change
C. It questions the need for addressing racism in healthcare
D. It suggests maintaining the status quo
E. It ignores the issue of racism in healthcare
Question 191: According to the Statistics Canada report by Gupta and Aitken (2022), what areas are
racialized groups disadvantaged in, leading to poor health outcomes?
A. Education and transportation
B. Income, employment, and housing
C. Social and cultural activities
D. Healthcare and technology access
E. Food and recreational facilities
Question 192: How does the COVID-19 pandemic highlight the health risks faced by racialized
populations in Canada, according to Gupta and Aitken (2022)?
A. By reducing health risks for racialized populations
B. By creating equal health risks for all populations
C. By ignoring health risks for racialized populations
D. By increasing health risks for racialized populations
E. By minimizing the impact of health risks
Question 193: What did Gupta and Aitken (2022) find regarding the COVID-19 mortality rates in
racialized populations compared to non-racialized and non-Indigenous populations in 2020?
A. Mortality rates were significantly lower for racialized populations
B. Mortality rates were the same for both groups
C. Mortality rates were significantly higher for racialized populations
D. Mortality rates were not affected by racialization
E. Mortality rates were unrelated to Indigenous populations
Question 194: According to the analysis of COVID-19 mortality rates among different racialized
populations, who had the highest age-standardized COVID-19 mortality rate, as mentioned by Gupta
and Aitken (2022)?
A. Indigenous populations
B. Asian populations
C. Hispanic populations
D. White populations
E. Black people
Question 195: How do the findings of COVID-19 mortality rates among racialized populations in
Canada align with studies conducted in the USA and elsewhere, according to Gupta and Aitken (2022)?
A. There is no alignment with studies in the USA and elsewhere
B. Findings are consistent with studies showing lower COVID-19 burden
C. Findings are inconsistent with studies conducted in the USA
D. Studies in the USA and elsewhere have not reported COVID-19 outcomes
E. Findings are consistent with studies showing a higher burden of COVID-19 cases, hospitalizations, and
deaths among racialized populations
Question 196: According to the report by the Public Health Agency of Canada, what are social
determinants, and why are they vital for health and well-being?
A. Social determinants are irrelevant to health and well-being
B. Social determinants are factors that shape health, and they are minimally important
C. Social determinants are crucial for health, but they have no impact on well-being
D. Social determinants are vital for health and well-being as they shape the conditions of individuals
E. Social determinants negatively impact health and well-being
Question 197: What is the definition of health inequities, according to the Public Health Agency of
Canada report?
A. Inequalities are only numerical differences between health outcomes
B. Inequalities are systematic, fair, and avoidable differences in health
C. Inequalities are temporary variations in health
D. Inequalities are indiscriminate differences in health
E. Inequalities are unjust differences that could be eliminated or reduced by collective action
Question 198: According to the City of Toronto’s Confronting Anti-Black Racism Unit, what impact does
Anti-Black racism have on health outcomes in Black communities?
A. It has no impact on health outcomes
B. It perpetuates positive health outcomes
C. It exacerbates long-standing inequities
D. It promotes fairness in health outcomes
E. It ignores health disparities
Question 199: How does the report by Gupta and Aitken (2022) describe the COVID-19 mortality rates
among different racialized populations in Canada?
A. Mortality rates were significantly lower for racialized populations
B. Mortality rates were the same for all racialized populations
C. Mortality rates varied among racialized populations, with no clear trend
D. Mortality rates were significantly higher for racialized populations
E. Mortality rates were unrelated to racialization
Question 201: According to the report by the Canadian Medical Association Journal (CMAJ), why is
addressing anti-Black racism in medical research important?
A. It has no impact on health outcomes
B. It perpetuates positive health outcomes
C. It leads to equitable care
D. It does not affect structural barriers in healthcare
E. It increases health disparities
Question 205: According to Desmond Cole's observations, what different standards based on race are
present in newsrooms?
A. There are no different standards based on race in newsrooms
B. Different standards apply to journalists' activism
C. All journalists are treated equally in newsrooms
D. Different standards exist in reporting factual accuracy
E. Different standards apply to racialized journalists
Question 206: What impact does the absence of diversity in newsrooms have on racialized journalists,
as mentioned by Professor John Miller?
A. It leads to equal opportunities for all journalists
B. It has no impact on journalists
C. It sometimes results in mistreatment of racialized journalists
D. It improves the quality of journalism
E. It ensures fair representation of all perspectives
Question 207: How does the concept of "objectivity" in journalism impact Black journalists, according
to Daly et al. (2020)?
A. It promotes diverse perspectives
B. It reinforces white supremacy and may silence Black journalists
C. It has no impact on journalism practices
D. It encourages activism among journalists
E. It ensures equal treatment of all journalists
Question 208: According to the report by the Canadian Medical Association Journal (CMAJ), why is
addressing anti-Black racism in medical research considered a welcome development?
A. It is irrelevant to medical research
B. It perpetuates positive health outcomes
C. It leads to equitable care and dismantles structural barriers
D. It does not affect diversity in medical research
E. It increases health disparities
Question 209: How are African immigrant parenting practices framed in newspapers in Canada,
according to Alaazi et al. (2021)?
A. Aligned with Canadian parenting standards and norms
B. Described as problematic and unaligned with Canadian parenting standards
C. Represented as fostering social stability more often than instability
D. Depicted as a stabilizing force in their communities
E. Associated with positive narratives
Question 210: According to the report by Gupta and Aitken (2022), what impact does COVID-19 have
on racialized populations in Canada?
A. It has no impact on health disparities
B. It reduces mortality rates among racialized populations
C. It highlights health risks faced by racialized populations
D. It increases health outcomes for all populations
E. It has no impact on the health of racialized populations