BUILDING TECHNOLOGY 121
Assignment no. 1
16 DIVISIONS OF BUILDING MATERIALS
Evangelista, Maecy C.
Architect Annie C. Pugeda
DEFINITION
16 Divisions refers to the 16 divisions of construction, as defined by the Construction Specifications Institute
(CSI)'s MasterFormat. In 2004, MasterFormat was updated and expanded to 50 Divisions. The standard is the
most widely used standard for organizing specifications and other written information for commercial and
institutional building projects in the U.S. and Canada. It provides a master list of divisions, and section numbers
and titles within each division, to follow in organizing information about a facility’s construction requirements
and associated activities. Standardizing the presentation of such information improves communication among
all parties involved in construction projects.
MASTERFORMAT 1995 EDITION
Before November 2004, MasterFormat was composed of 16 primary divisions: there are now 50 divisions.
Division 01 — General Requirements
Division 02 — Site Construction
Division 03 — Concrete
Division 04 — Masonry
Division 05 — Metals
Division 06 — Wood and Plastics
Division 07 — Thermal and Moisture Protection
Division 08 — Doors and Windows
Division 09 — Finishes
Division 10 — Specialties
Division 11 — Equipment
Division 12 — Furnishings
Division 13 — Special Construction
Division 14 — Conveying Systems
Division 15 — Mechanical
Division 16 — Electrical
INTRODUCTION
Specifications contain written information that is not shown on the plans but is necessary for the completion of
the job. Specifications contain information on (1) procedures for starting the job, (2) meetings planned to
schedule phases of construction, (3) how payments by the owner are to be made, (4) where equipment is to be
stored until needed, (5) insurance that must be carried by the contractors, and (6) other details. On very small
jobs where specifications consist of some ten or twelve pages, architects may print them on a plan sheet rather
than binding them in a separate book that is included with a set of plans. In most cases, the specifications are
written, printed, and bound into a book. Specifications are often referred to as “specs” in the office and on the
job. The length of the specifications varies with the size and type of construction. If the job is small and simple,
and if the construction is standard procedure, the specifications can be short. If the job is large and has many
special features and necessary procedures, the description of procedures may be lengthy. Specifications
written for federal government jobs are known for being long and detailed. The government dictates what is to
be included in the specifications, and the specifications become elaborate because each item is described in
great detail. In this chapter, the major divisions of a set of standard specifications will be listed, along with a
brief discussion of each division. There are sixteen major divisions of specifications.
DIVISION 1—GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
This division includes general administrative and technical provisions that may not be listed elsewhere and
which may apply to more than one division. General requirements include contractual/ legal requirements, a
summary of work to be done, an explanation of work to be performed later, a description of meetings to be
held (construction coordination meetings, scheduling meetings, and progress meetings, for instance), quality
control, and submittal. “Submittal” refers to catalog descriptions or “shop drawings” of equipment, which are
submitted by the contractor for approval by the architect and/or engineer. Division 1 also includes a
description of temporary facilities, preparation of the job site for construction, and details how the job is to be
closed out when construction is completed. Listed in the General Requirements are such details as how many
sets of construction plans are to be furnished to the construction contractor for the project. Professional
organizations for architects and engineers have drawn up and published a standard section entitled “General
Conditions” for use in the General Requirements division. These documents cover major topics similar to those
listed above. Special items that pertain to a particular job are included in the Supplemental General Conditions
that are written by the architect or engineer. Special laws or building code requirements are listed in the
Supplemental General Conditions.
DIVISION 2—SITE WORK
Division 2 describes work to be done on the site, including soil testing, core drilling, standard penetration tests,
and seismic exploration. All of these tests must be conducted, and the requirements are expressed in this
division. The demolition of existing structures, materials, and debris is included in Division 2. The capping and
removal of existing services is usually mentioned in this division even if the work is also included under the
trade division. For example, the capping of an existing sewer line is mentioned in Division 2 and then is
described in detail in Division 16 (plumbing). In addition, the site work division describes the various steps in
the clearing of the site. Clearing of the site includes structure moving, clearing and grubbing of shrubs, tree
removal, pruning, and tree relocation. Also described are grading and earthwork, grading and drainage, paving
and surfacing, and landscaping. Site improvements such as fences, gates, guardrails, lighting, and irrigation
systems (site watering systems) are also included in this division.
DIVISION 3—CONCRETE
All concrete work is described in this division. The major subdivisions included under Division 3 are concrete
form work, expansion and contraction joints, cast-in-place concrete, specially placed concrete, and recast
concrete.
DIVISION 4—MASONRY
Division 4 of the specifications deals with brick, stone, fire brick, glass brick, clay backing tile, and ceramic
veneer. Related topics such as joint reinforcement, mortar, anchors and tie systems, masonry joints, control
joints, and masonry accessories are also included.
DIVISION 5—METALS
The metals used in the building are specified under Division 5. If the building has a steel structure, the steel
members are specified in this section. Metal roof decking, metal floor decking, and permanent metal forms are
described in this section. Metal fabrications such as stairs, handrails, railings, gratings, castings, and lintels are
included in this division. In some cases, ornamental metals are used for these fabrications and are described in
detail in this section.
DIVISION 6—WOOD AND PLASTICS
Materials such as rough carpentry (framing), heavy timber construction, prefabricated structural wood,
finished carpentry, and architectural woodwork (cabinets and built-in woodwork) are described in this division.
Plastics are used in many ways in modern construction. This section of the specifications is devoted to such
items as joists, studs, columns, beams, hangers, connecting devices, and other miscellaneous plastic items not
specifically identified under other headings.
DIVISION 7—THERMAL AND MOISTURE
PROTECTION
Division 7 contains written descriptions of roofing materials, waterproofing materials, flashing and sheet metal
trim, insulation, roof accessories, and sealants.
DIVISION 8—DOORS AND WINDOWS
Metal doors and frames, wood and plastic doors, entrances and storefronts, metal windows, special windows,
wood and plastic windows, hardware and specialties, and glazing are the main areas of concern in Division 8.
DIVISION 9—FINISHES
Lath and plaster, gypsum wallboard, terrazzo, acoustical treatment, ceiling suspension systems, wood flooring
finishes, carpeting, special flooring, floor treatment, painting, special coatings, and wall covering are found in
this division of the specifications.
DIVISION 10—SPECIALTIES
Division 10 of the specifications is a catch-all section. If items required for the construction do not fall under
the other divisions of the specifications, they are usually found in Division 10. Typical items in this division are
chalkboards and tackboards, louvers and vents, grilles and screens, pest control, fireplaces, flagpoles, lockers,
storage shelving, directional signage, and sun control devices.
DIVISION 11—EQUIPMENT
Division 11 lists equipment which is normally furnished and installed by the general contractor as a part of the
construction of the building. Equipment described in this division includes maintenance equipment, bank and
vault equipment, food service equipment, vending equipment, athletic equipment, laundry equipment, library
equipment, medical equipment, waste handling equipment, and loading dock equipment.
DIVISION 12—FURNISHINGS
Major headings in this division are artwork, window treatment, fabrics, furniture, rugs and mats, and furnishing
accessories.
DIVISION 13—SPECIAL CONSTRUCTION
The description and necessary information for constructing special areas are given in this division. Special
construction areas include clean rooms, operating rooms in hospitals, incinerators, instrumentation rooms,
nuclear reactors, radiation treatment rooms, sound and vibration rooms, vaults, and swimming pool spaces.
DIVISION 14—CONVEYING SYSTEMS
Dumbwaiters, elevators, hoists and cranes, lifts, material handling systems, moving stairs and walks, and
pneumatic tube systems are typical items described in Division 14.
DIVISION 15—MECHANICAL
Division 15 covers information on air conditioning, ventilating and heating in a building. The mechanical
division of the specifications generally has major sections consisting of general provisions (general description
of the work, procedures, etc.) basic materials and methods, equipment, air distribution, piping, insulation,
controls, and instrumentation.
Note: Plumbing specifications are also included in the standard mechanical specification division; however,
many engineers now write plumbing specifications as a separate division. With plumbing as Division 16,
electrical becomes Division 17.
DIVISION 16—ELECTRICAL
The electrical division usually consists of general provisions, basic materials and methods, power generation,
power transmission, power service and distribution, lighting, special systems, communications, controls, and
instrumentation.
PLUMBING
Plumbing is included in the Mechanical division. Major sections consist of general provisions (general
description of the work, procedures. and so forth), basic materials and methods, equipment, piping systems
and services, and insulation. Plumbing also includes fire protection (sprinklers) and special services such as
medical gases, fuel gases, compressed air, and process piping systems.
RESPONSIBILITY AND LIABILITY
The responsibility for the design and all calculations for the construction project lies with the registered
architect and registered engineer. After satisfactorily fulfilling the registration requirements, architects and
engineers are granted professional seals to be placed on all plans they are responsible for. Seals are also
required on the title page of the specifications.
With registration, the architect and the engineer assume, by law, responsibility for all work done by employees
working under their guidance. In most cases these professionals carry liability insurance to protect them
against possible financial ruin if a design failure should occur. In the specifications, the architect and the
engineer create a legal document with specific instructions to workers and construction technicians as to how
the construction is to be performed. Specifications must be carefully written and followed to protect against
poor workmanship, which could cause problems during and after construction.
List of building materials
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Building materials used in the construction industry to create buildings and structures.
These categories of materials and products are used by American architects and construction project managers to
specify the materials and methods used for building projects.
Catalogs distributed by architectural product suppliers are typically organized into these groups.
Material (articles)
refer to: Category
Compressed earth block, mud brick, rammed earth
Category:Appropriate technology
Concrete
Category:Concrete
Category:Vertical transportation devices
Conveying systems

Elevator or "lift"

Escalator
Composites
Category:Composite materials
Thermal protection
Category:Thermal protection
Moisture protection
Category:Moisture protection
Doors
Category:Doors

Stile and rail, raised panel, wood clad

Access, sliding glass doors, tambour

Folding doors, garage door, storefront

Door hardware
Electrical systems and equipment
Category:Electrical systems
Surface finishing
Category:Finishes

Plaster & gypsum board

also "gyp-board" or "drywall"

Cement render

Category:Tiles

Ceramic tile, quarry tile, pavers, mosaic

Category:Roofs

Dropped ceiling, coffered ceiling

Category:Ceilings

Flooring - wide plank, terrazzo, carpet

Category:Floors

Wall covering, wallpaper, acoustic

Category:Walls

Paint, wood stain, faux finishing

Staff

House painting
Fire suppression equipment
Category:Fire suppression
Furnishings
Category:Furniture
HVAC (Heating, ventilation and air conditioning)
Category:HVAC
Masonry, mortar (masonry), grout
Category:Masonry

Adobe, brick, glass brick, terra cotta

Category:Bricks

Artificial stone

also: "Concrete Masonry Units" (CMU)

Cinder block or concrete block

Category:Stone

Stone dry stacked or mortar set

Urbanite, broken-up concrete
Metals
Category:Metals

Structural steel: I-beam & column

Rebar

Wire rope and cables

Metal joist, decking, framing, trusses

Metal fabrications


Stairway, ladder, railing, grating, Strut channel
Decorative metal
"Openings" include Doors & Windows
Category:Doors
Plastics
Category:Plastics
Plumbing fixtures and equipment
Category:Plumbing
Building safety
Category:Building safety
Security systems
Category:Security
Specialties
Category:Architectural specialties
Telecommunications equipment
Category:Telecommunications
Wood, carpentry
Category:Wood

Category:woodworking
Rough carpentry (unfinished)

Heavy timbers, log home, post and beam

Engineered wood, dimensional lumber


Stud, joist, rafter

Treated lumber & wood decking
Sheathing, subflooring, panelling
see also: List of woods


Plywood, shiplap, tongue and groove

Oriented strand board

Parallel strand lumber or "para-lam"

Glue-laminate or "glue-lam"
Finish carpentry or "architectural woodwork"

Veneer, plastic laminate, wood panel

"Case goods"

Millwork, bookcase, cabinets

Ornamental woodwork

Trim, molding or "moulding"

Chair rail, baseboard, casing, sill
Windows

Casement, double hung, bay window

Curtainwall, skylight, dormer
Bricks
Category:Windows
Nails
Adobe bricks
Steel bldg materials
Plywood
Lanar
Stone stairs
Doors
Lumber
Window
References:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/16_Divisions
http://e-book.lib.sjtu.edu.cn/print%20reading/Dusek/Chapter%2016.pdf
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_building_materials
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DIVISION 16—ELECTRICAL
The electrical division usually consists of general provisions, basic materials and methods, power generation,power
transmission, power service and distribution, lighting, special systems, communications, controls, and instrumentation.
Ref:http://e-book.lib.sjtu.edu.cn/print%20reading/Dusek/Chapter%2016.pdf
Ref:http://e-book.lib.sjtu.edu.cn/print%20reading/Dusek/Chapter%2016.pdf