Computer Studies Guess Paper Solved Short Q & A Q1: What are the five major activities of an operating system? Ans: An operating system has five main activities that it handles: Process Management: The operating system manages programs or processes running on the computer. It makes sure they get the resources they need, like CPU time and memory, and handles their scheduling. Memory Management: The operating system keeps track of which parts of the computer's memory are used by different programs. It assigns memory when programs need it and ensures efficient memory usage. File Management: The operating system takes care of organizing, storing, and retrieving files on storage devices, such as hard drives. It lets users create, modify, and access files and ensures the security and integrity of data. Device Management: The operating system manages input and output devices like keyboards, mice, printers, and disk drives. It handles device communication, allocation, and scheduling to ensure they work properly and efficiently. User Interface: The operating system provides an interface for users to interact with the computer system. This can be a graphical interface with icons and menus or a text-based interface with commands. It makes it easier for users to run programs, manage files, and perform tasks. These activities, process management, memory management, file management, device management, and user interface, are essential for the operating system to function well and be user-friendly. Q2:What do you mean by protocol? Ans: Protocol refers to a set of rules that devices follow to communicate with each other. It's like a language they use to understand and exchange data efficiently. Protocols ensure smooth and reliable communication between devices or systems. Q3:What do you understand by the term input devices and output devices? Ans: Input devices are tools or devices that allow users to provide information or commands to a computer. They enable users to input data or interact with the computer system. Examples of input devices include keyboards, mice, touchscreens, and microphones. On the other hand, output devices are devices that display or present information processed by the computer. They convey the results or output of the computer's operations to the user in a human-readable form. Examples of output devices include monitors, printers, speakers, and headphones. Q4:Identify three pointing devices? Ans:Three common pointing devices are: Mouse: A mouse is a handheld device that typically has one or more buttons and a scrolling wheel. It is moved across a surface to control the movement of a cursor on the computer screen. Trackpad: A trackpad, also known as a touchpad, is a flat surface usually found on laptops. It allows users to control the cursor by moving their fingers across the surface. Touchscreen: A touchscreen is a display that can detect and respond to touch input. It allows users to directly interact with the computer screen by tapping, swiping, or gesturing with their fingers. Touchscreens are commonly found on smartphones, tablets, and some laptops or desktop monitors. Q5: What are the three advantages of a computer network? Ans:Three advantages of a computer network are: Resource Sharing: Devices can share things like printers and files, making it easier to collaborate and access shared resources. Communication: Networks enable users to exchange messages, share files, and work together more effectively. Internet Access: Networks provide connectivity to the internet, giving users access to a wealth of information and online services. Q6: Differentiate between blog and vlog? Ans:A blog is a website where individuals or groups write and publish articles or posts on various topics. It typically consists of written content with images, and sometimes includes videos or other media. Blogs are like online journals or diaries where people share their thoughts, experiences, or knowledge. On the other hand, a vlog is a type of blog where the main content format is video. Instead of written articles, vlogs primarily consist of recorded videos that individuals create and upload to platforms like YouTube. Vlogs often focus on personal experiences, travel, tutorials, or entertainment. Q7: What is the difference between LAN and WAN? Ans: LAN (Local Area Network) WAN (Wide Area Network) Covers a small area, such as a home, office, or building. Spans a larger area, such as multiple cities, countries, or continents. Operates within a limited geographical area, typically within a single building or campus. Connects multiple LANs over a larger geographical area, often across different locations or cities. Usually owned and controlled by Involves multiple organizations a single organization or or service providers. Control individual. and management may be shared or outsourced. Offers higher data transfer speeds and lower latency due to the smaller coverage area. May have lower data transfer speeds and higher latency due to larger distances and multiple network nodes. Q8: Describe the function of peer-to-peer network? Ans:A peer-to-peer network is a type of network where computers or devices connect directly with each other, without the need for a central server. In a peer-to-peer network, every device can act as both a client and a server, allowing them to share files, resources, and services directly with other devices on the network. Peer-to-peer networks are often used for tasks like file sharing, collaborative work, or multiplayer gaming, where devices can interact with each other directly and quickly. Q9: Describe the different type of display? Ans:There are different types of displays used in computers and other devices. Here are brief descriptions of some common display types: 1. LCD (Liquid Crystal Display): LCD displays use liquid crystals to create images. They are thin, lightweight, and energy-efficient. LCDs are commonly found in computer monitors, laptops, and TVs. 2. LED (Light-Emitting Diode) Display: LED displays use light-emitting diodes to produce images. They are known for their brightness, color accuracy, and energy efficiency. LED displays are commonly found in TVs, digital signage, and some computer monitors. 3. CRT (Cathode Ray Tube) Display: CRT displays use electron beams to create images on a glass screen. They were commonly used in older computer monitors and TVs, but have become less popular due to their bulkiness and power consumption. Q10: Distinguish between primary and secondary storage? Ans:Primary storage and secondary storage are two types of storage used in computer systems. Here's a simplified comparison between the two: Primary Storage: ● Also known as main memory or RAM (Random Access Memory). ● It is directly accessible by the computer's processor. ● Stores data and instructions that are actively being used by the computer. ● Provides fast and temporary storage for data and programs during the computer's operation. ● Data is lost when the computer is turned off or restarted. ● Examples include RAM and cache memory. Secondary Storage: Also known as auxiliary storage or non-volatile storage. It is not directly accessible by the computer's processor. Stores data and programs for long-term storage. Provides non-volatile storage, meaning data is retained even when the computer is turned off. ● Examples include hard disk drives (HDD), solid-state drives (SSD), and optical discs (CDs, DVDs). ● Secondary storage is slower than primary storage but offers larger storage capacity. ● ● ● ● Q11: What is a web browser? Ans:A web browser is a software application that allows you to access and view websites on the internet. It acts as a gateway between your computer and the internet, enabling you to search for information, visit websites, and interact with online content. Q12: What is a search engine? Ans:A search engine is an online tool or website that helps you find information on the internet. It allows you to enter keywords or phrases related to what you're looking for and then provides a list of relevant websites, documents, images, or other content. Q13: Identify the basic element of communication system and the purpose of each? Ans:The basic elements of a communication system and their purposes are as follows: 1. Sender: The sender is the person or device that initiates the communication. Their purpose is to convey a message or information to the receiver. 2. Message: The message is the information or content being transmitted from the sender to the receiver. It can be in the form of text, speech, data, or any other form of communication. 3. Medium: The medium is the channel through which the message is transmitted. It can be a physical medium like wires, cables, or airwaves for wireless communication. The purpose of the medium is to carry the message from the sender to the receiver. 4. Receiver: The receiver is the person or device that receives the transmitted message. Their purpose is to interpret and understand the message sent by the sender. 5. Feedback: Feedback is the response or reaction from the receiver back to the sender. It helps in confirming successful communication, ensuring the message was understood, and providing an opportunity for clarification if needed. Q14: What is the role of computers in medical science? Ans:Computers in medical science have important roles: 1. They help manage and organize medical data efficiently. 2. They aid in medical imaging and diagnosis, analyzing detailed body images. 3. Computers support medical research and simulations for improved understanding. 4. Electronic Medical Record systems digitize and store patient information. 5. Computers enable telemedicine, allowing remote healthcare communication. Q15: What is a graphical user interface (GUI)? Ans:A graphical user interface (GUI) is a visual interface that helps users interact with computers or software. It uses icons, menus, and windows to make it easier to perform tasks. GUIs are designed to be user-friendly and intuitive, allowing users to navigate and interact with the system visually. They have become the standard way we interact with computers today. Q16: Define cache memory? Ans:Cache memory is a small and fast type of memory that is located closer to the processor in a computer system. It is used to store frequently accessed data and instructions to speed up the performance of the system. By keeping a copy of frequently used data in cache memory, the processor can access it quickly, reducing the need to fetch data from slower main memory or storage. Cache memory plays a vital role in improving the overall speed and efficiency of a computer by reducing the time needed to access data. Q17: What is virus and how can viruses affect the computer? Ans:A computer virus is a malicious program that can infect a computer and cause various harmful effects. It is designed to replicate and spread from one computer to another, often without the user's knowledge or consent. Viruses can affect computers in several ways: 1. Damage Files: Viruses can corrupt or delete files on a computer, causing data loss and disrupting normal operations. 2. Slow Performance: Viruses can consume system resources, leading to slower computer performance and sluggishness. 3. Unauthorized Access: Some viruses are designed to gain unauthorized access to sensitive information, such as personal data, login credentials, or financial details. 4. Spread and Replicate: Viruses can replicate themselves and spread to other computers through networks, email attachments, or infected files, potentially infecting more systems. 5. System Instability: Viruses can cause system crashes, freezing, or unexpected errors, making the computer unstable and unreliable. 6. Unwanted Behavior: Viruses can exhibit various unwanted behaviors, such as displaying pop-up ads, redirecting web browsers, or modifying system settings. To protect against viruses, it's important to use antivirus software, regularly update system software and applications, avoid downloading files from untrusted sources, and exercise caution when opening email attachments or clicking on suspicious links. Q18: Define analog signal? Ans:An analog signal is like a continuous electrical wave that represents real-world things such as sound or temperature. It changes smoothly over time, just like the original non-electric signal it represents. We call it "analog" because it's similar to the original signal. For example, when you talk on a telephone or use a mercury thermometer, the signals they use are analog. Q19: Describe fetch - decode - execute of CPU? Ans:The fetch-decode-execute cycle is the fundamental process that a CPU (Central Processing Unit) goes through to execute instructions. Here's a simplified explanation: 1. Fetch: The CPU fetches the next instruction from memory. It retrieves the instruction and brings it into the CPU for processing. 2. Decode: The CPU decodes the fetched instruction, understanding what operation needs to be performed and the operands involved. 3. Execute: The CPU executes the decoded instruction by performing the required operation. This may involve calculations, data manipulation, or transferring data between different parts of the computer system. This fetch-decode-execute cycle repeats continuously, allowing the CPU to process instructions one by one and perform the necessary operations to execute a program. Q20: Compare compiler and interpreter? Compiler Interpreter Translates entire program into machine code before execution Interprets and executes code line by line Produces executable file or target code Does not produce separate executable file Usually results in faster execution Generally slower execution compared to compiled code Detects errors before runtime Errors are identified during runtime Requires compilation phase before execution Does not require a separate compilation phase Commonly used in languages like C, C++ Commonly used in languages like Python, JavaScript Q21: What are the four type of internet abuse? Ans:The four types of internet abuse are: 1. Cyberbullying: The act of using the internet to harass, intimidate, or harm others, typically through malicious messages, rumors, or threats. 2. Online scams and fraud: Deceptive practices aimed at tricking individuals into providing personal information or money, such as phishing scams, fake online auctions, or identity theft. 3. Online harassment: Persistent and unwanted behavior online that causes distress or harm, including stalking, hate speech, or sharing private information without consent. 4. Cyberstalking: The use of the internet to track, monitor, or harass someone, often involving excessive online surveillance, unwanted messages, or threats of physical harm. Q22: Define the term software piracy? Ans: Software piracy is the unauthorized copying of computer software. It's illegal to make and use unauthorized copies. Software developers invest time and resources in creating software, and piracy undermines their rights and ability to continue producing quality products. Respecting software licenses and avoiding piracy supports the developers and encourages the creation of innovative software. Q23: What is computer bus? Ans: A computer bus is a pathway or communication system that allows different components of a computer to exchange data and information. It's like a highway that connects the processor, memory, storage, and input/output devices. The bus carries signals and data between these components, enabling them to work together and transfer information. It ensures smooth communication and coordination within the computer system, allowing different parts to interact and share data efficiently. Q24: What are the components of LAN? Ans:A Local Area Network (LAN) consists of several components that work together to enable network communication within a limited area, such as an office building or a home. These components include: 1. Computers/Workstations: These are the devices used by individuals to perform tasks and access network resources within the LAN. 2. Network Interface Cards (NIC): These cards are installed in computers and provide the physical connection to the LAN, allowing communication between the computer and the network. 3. Switches: These devices connect multiple devices within the LAN, such as computers and printers, enabling them to share data and communicate with each other. 4. Routers: Routers are responsible for connecting the LAN to other networks, such as the internet, and managing the flow of data between them. 5. Bridges: Bridges connect different segments of the LAN, allowing communication between them. 6. Repeaters: Repeaters amplify and boost signals to extend the distance that data can travel within the LAN. 7. File Servers: These servers store and manage shared files and resources that can be accessed by users within the LAN. Q25: Define impact printer and non impact printer? Ans:An impact printer is a type of printer that uses a physical mechanism, typically a print head with pins or hammers, to strike an ink ribbon and transfer ink onto the paper. This physical impact creates visible marks on the paper, resulting in the printing of characters or images. Dot matrix printers are examples of impact printers. On the other hand, a non-impact printer is a type of printer that does not involve any physical impact between the printing mechanism and the paper. Instead, it uses technologies like inkjet, laser, or thermal to create images or text on the paper. These printers are generally quieter, faster, and produce higher quality prints compared to impact printers. Inkjet printers and laser printers are common examples of non-impact printers. Q26: Define bandwidth with an example? Ans:Bandwidth refers to the capacity or speed at which data can be transmitted over a network or communication channel. It represents the maximum amount of data that can be transferred within a given time period. It is typically measured in bits per second (bps). For example, imagine you have an internet connection with a bandwidth of 100 Mbps (megabits per second). This means that the maximum amount of data that can be transmitted in one second is 100 million bits. With higher bandwidth, more data can be transferred quickly, resulting in faster internet speeds and smoother data transmission. It's like having a wider highway where more cars can pass through simultaneously, allowing for faster traffic flow.