1 PRESENTATION CRITERIA • Keep silence,please no any unnecessary sound like rapper or pen sound. • Keep your cell phones silent. • If anyone feel uncomfortable she may leave the class without information. • If anyone receive call she may attend that out of class. • Your full concentration and participation is required. • Ask questions at the end of presentation,and Please try to ask one by one. 2 COLLEGE OF NURSING (FEMALE) RBUT CIVIL HOSPITAL SHIKARPUR NAME:SANJINA KUMARI SUBJECT: AHN-I FACULTY: SIR NAJEEB AHMED DAYO DISCIPLANE: GENERIC BSN 2nd YEAR 3rd SEMESTER BATCH 02 TOPIC NAME: DIFFERENT TYPES OF CANCER SURGERIES AND END OF LIFE CARE(palliative and hospice care) Date:19-01-2024 3 Objectives: • Discuss different types of cancer surgeries and nursing care of patients undergoing cancer surgery. • Discuss end of life care (palliative and hospice care) . 4 Cancer • Cancer is a disease in which some of the body’s cells grow uncontrollably or abnormaly and spread to other parts of the body. • Cancer can start almost anywhere in the human body. 5 CLINICAL MANIFESTATION: • Swelling or lumps • Weight gain or weight loss for no known reason • Cancer can cause many symptoms, but these symptoms are most often caused by illness,fatigue,tumors(Lump or area of thickening that can be felt under the skin). cancer does not cause pain, so do not wait to feel pain before seeing a doctor. 6 Treatment of Cancer The common types of treatment are: • Surgery: Surgically removing localized cancerous mass. • Radiation therapy: In this therapy, radiation is used to kill the cancer cells. • Chemotherapy: Chemotherapeutic drugs are used to kill cancer cells. https://www.google.com 7 Different types of Cancer Leukemia • Lymphoma and myeloma • Carcinoma • Adenocarcinoma • Sacroma • Lung cancer • skin cancer • Breast cancer • pancreatic cancer • ovarian cancer • Brain cancer • Kidney cancer • Colon cancer • 8 1. Discuss different types of cancer surgeries and nursing care of patients undergoing cancer surgery. • Cancer surgries: There are several types of cancer surgeries, depending on the location and stage of the cancer. Some common types include: 1. Tumor removal (Curative surgery):This surgery aims to remove the cancerous tumor from the body. It can be done through open surgery or minimally invasive techniques like laparoscopy. 2. Lymph node removal: In some cases, cancer can spread to nearby lymph nodes. Surgeons may remove these lymph nodes to prevent the spread of cancer. 3. Reconstructive surgery: After tumor removal, reconstructive surgery may be performed to restore the appearance and function of the affected area, such as breast reconstruction after mastectomy. 9 Cont... 4. Palliative surgery: This type of surgery aims to relieve symptoms or improve quality of life for patients with advanced cancer. It may involve removing tumors or relieving pain caused by cancer.Remember, the specific type of surgery recommended will depend on various factors, including the type and stage of cancer.. 5.Mastectomy to treat recurrent breast cancer after primary lumpectomy and radiation. 6.Electrosurgery makes use of electrical current to destroy the tumor cells. 7. Cryosurgery uses liquid nitrogen to freeze tissue to cause cell destruction. 8.Chemosurgery uses combined topical chemotherapy. 10 Cont: 9. BIOPSY: • Also known as diagnostic surgry, It helps to know if a tumor is cancerous.then it will cut into the skin to remove some of the suspicious tissue. • There are Three main types of biopsy : • Incisional, which removes just a piece of the area.( the tumor mass is too large to be removed). • Excisional, which removes the entire thing (for example, a skin mole or a breast lump) • Needle methods: Needle biopsies are performed to sample suspicious masses that are easily accessible, such as some growths11 Cont: 10.Laser surgery by the use of light and energy aimed at an exact tissue location and depth to vaporize cancer cells. 11.Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) is of high-dose radiation therapy used in some types of brain,head and neck cancers. 12.Staging Surgery:It determine just how far cancer cells have progressed through the body. 12 Cont: . https://support.google.com Note:Keep in mind that surgery treats only the part of your body that has the cancer. This means you can’t use it for blood cancers like leukemia, or for other cancers that have spread. 13 • Nursing care of patients undergoing cancer surgery. • The patient undergoing surgery for cancer requires general perioperative nursing care along with specific care related to the patient’s age, organ impairment, nutritional deficits, disorders of coagulation, and altered immunity that may increase the risk for postoperative complications. • Prepare the patient for surgery. • The nurse provides education and emotional support by assessing patient and family needs and exploring with the patient and family their fears and coping mechanisms, encouraging them to take an active role in decision making when possible. 14 Cont... • In these situations, the nurse completes thorough preoperative assessment for all factors that may affect patients undergoing surgical procedures. • The patient undergoing surgery for the diagnosis or treatment of cancer is often anxious about the surgical procedure, possible findings, postoperative limitations, changes in normal body functions, and prognosis. 15 Cont... • After surgery, the nurse assesses the patient’s responses to the surgery and monitors for possible complications, such as infection, bleeding, thrombophlebitis, wound dehiscence, fluid and electrolyte imbalance, and organ dysfunction. • Provides comfort. • Postoperative teaching addresses wound care, activity, nutrition, and medication information. • The nurse must recognize the patient’s needs and the impact that altered functioning and altered body image may have on quality of life in palliative surgery . 16 Cont... • Providing the patient and family with opportunities to discuss these issues is imperative. • Provide preoperative teaching and counseling, as well as longterm follow-up to the patient going under prophylactic Surgery. • Plans for discharge, follow-up and home care • Encourage patients and families to use community resources 17 2. Discuss end of life care (palliative and hospice care) . • End of life care, including palliative care and hospice care,Both focuses on providing comfort and support to individuals with life-limiting illnesses. • Palliative care is provided throughout a person's illness, starting from the time of diagnosis. It is specialized medical care for people living with a serious illness, such as cancer or heart failure. Patients in palliative care may receive medical care for their symptoms, or palliative care, along with treatment intended to cure their serious illness. Palliative care also addresses emotional, social, and spiritual needs of patients and their families. 18 https://support.google.com/legal/answer/ 19 Cont... • Hospice care on the other hand, is specifically for individuals who are nearing the end of life. It provides comprehensive support to manage symptoms and enhance comfort. Hospice care is typically provided in the patient's home, but it can also be offered in specialized facilities. https:www.google. Com/images 20 Conclusion: Canncer It is the abnormal or uncontrolled growth of cells. Different types of cancer surgeries Diagnostic surgery, Electrosurgery Palliative surgery, cryosurgery Reconstructive Surgery, Laser surgery, Tumor removal surgery, Palliative care Is provided throughout a person's illness, starting from the time of diagnosis. Hospice care Is specifically for individuals who are nearing the end of life. 21 REFERENCES • https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/understanding/what-is-cancer • https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/cancer/symptomscauses/ • https://www.nia.nih.gov/health • https://stanfordhealthcare.org 22 23 24
