KIET GROUP OF INSTITUTIONS, GHAZIABAD
Mid Term Internship
&
Project Progress
Submitted By:
Abdul Amaan
2000290210002
Section A
Mentor:
Prof. Alok Pandey
Project Guide:
Dr. Sourav Diwania
ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
KIET GROUP OF INSTITUTIONS, GHAZIABAD
Dr. A. P. J. ABDUL KALAM TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY, UTTAR
PRADESH, LUCKNOW
MID TERM INTERNSHIP
AMREST ELECTRICALS LTD.
AMREST Electricals Limited manufacture World class Indoor and
Outdoor Transformer.
Add: H.F: LGF-81, Pocket-1, Jasola Vihar-110025
Unit - 1/75, Industrial Area Siyana Road, Bulandhshar203001, India
Instrument Transformers
• Instrument transformers are devices used in
power systems to transform high currents and
voltages into measurable and manageable levels.
• They are essential for safety and accuracy in
electricity generation, transmission, and
distribution systems
Types of Instrument Transformers
INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER
3
CURRENT
TRANSFORMER
POTENTIAL
TRANSFORMER
Current Transformer (CT)
A Current Transformer, often referred to as a CT, is a type of instrument
transformer used to measure alternating current (AC) flowing in a circuit. Its
primary function is to step down the current in a power system to a manageable
level for measurement purposes.
Construction:
A CT consists of a primary winding and a secondary winding. The primary winding
is connected in series with the circuit carrying the current to be measured, while
the secondary winding is connected to a measuring instrument, such as an
ammeter.
Types of CT:
• Dry Type (INDOOR)
• Oil Cooled (OUTDOOR)
Potential Transformer (PT)
A Potential Transformer, also known as a PT or Voltage Transformer (VT), is
another type of instrument transformer used to measure voltage in electrical
power systems. Similar to CTs, PTs are designed to step down the voltage to a
safe and measurable level.
Construction:
A PT consists of a primary winding, connected across the voltage to be
measured, and a secondary winding connected to the voltmeter or any other
measuring device.
Types of PT:
• Dry Type (INDOOR)
• Oil Cooled (OUTDOOR)
Few other things left to cover because my internship is still on
PROJECT
D esign an d
developm ent ofB LD C
based E -vehicle
Electric vehicles are the future, and BLDC motors offer benefits like
better efficiency and lower maintenance costs. Let's explore how we can
design and develop a BLDC-based E-vehicle for a sustainable future.
INTRODUCTION
Electric vehicles (EVs) have come to be recognized as a ground-breaking approach
to overcoming environmental issues and lowering carbon emissions as the globe
works to make the transition to a greener and more sustainable future.
The BLDC-based electric vehicle (EV), which offers the ideal balance of efficiency,
performance, and reliability, has emerged as the dominant electric propulsion
technology. The abbreviation BLDC, or Brushless DC, stands for the advanced
motor technology that has transformed the automobile sector.
BLDC motors, in contrast to traditional brushed DC motors, use electronic
commutation, which eliminates the need for mechanical brushes and commutators.
With this design improvement, efficiency is increased, maintenance costs are
decreased, and the driving experience is generally better.
BLDC MOTOR
Due to its efficiency, dependability, and compact
design, Brushless DC (BLDC) motors are a type of
electric motor that are frequently utilized in electric
vehicles (EVs). Its use of electronic commutation as
opposed to brushes and a commutator makes it
different from ordinary brushed DC motors. Without
brushes, there is less wear and friction, which leads
to greater effectiveness and a longer lifespan.
KEY FEATURES:
• Better Efficiency
• Supports Regenerative Breaking
• High Power-to-Weight Ratio
• Quiet Operation
• Precised Control
CONTROLLER
A crucial part of an electric vehicle powered by brushless
DC (BLDC) is the controller, which regulates the motor's
functioning and ensures accurate and effective
management of the vehicle's speed and torque. As the
brain of the electric vehicle's drivetrain, it processes
information from multiple sensors and sends the
appropriate signals to the BLDC motor to ensure peak
performance.
KEY FUNCTIONS:
• Commutation Control
• Speed-Torque Control
• Regenerative Breaking Control
• Battery management system (BMS) Integration
• Communication Interfaces
• Safety Features
BATTERY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
In a BLDC (Brushless DC) based electric vehicle, the
battery is a crucial component responsible for
storing and supplying electrical energy to power the
motor and other electrical systems. The battery's
capacity, performance, and management play a vital
role in determining the overall range, efficiency, and
performance of the electric vehicle.
Key points that needs to be remember while opting
a batter for the e-vehicle:
• Battery Chemistry
• Battery Pack
• Battery Capacity & Range
• Cell Blancing
Why BLDC Motor?
1
Efficiency
BLDC motors have high efficiency, lower losses, and can operate
on battery power.
2
Low Maintenance
As there is no brush friction, the wear and tear on the motor is
minimal compared to traditional motors.
3
No Electromagnetic Interference
BLDC motors produce less electromagnetic interference and
noise, making them suitable for various applications from
transportation to medical devices.
4
Fuel Efficiency Optimization
BLDC motors can be paired with a battery for fuel efficiency
optimization, thus reducing energy costs and conserving the
environment.
Benefits of BLDC Motor
Compact Design
High Torque
BLDC motors come in a compact size, making
BLDC motors have high torque, enabling better
them ideal for a variety of applications from
performance and acceleration over regular
drones to electric vehicles.
motors.
Long Life Expectancy
More Control
BLDC motors have a longer life expectancy and
BLDC motors enable more precision and control
can last up to four times longer than traditional
over speed and torque, and can change direction
motors, making them a cost-effective option.
easily.
Vehicle Structure
Adjustable Suspension System
The suspension system is adjustable based on
road conditions for better handling, steering, and
braking in varying road conditions.
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2
3
Battery and Motor Placement
On-Board Charging
The battery pack is located towards the bottom
The E-vehicle comes with a built-in charger,
of the car, giving the vehicle a low center of
enabling users to charge batteries in a variety of
gravity for better stability, while the motor is
settings from houses to charging stations.
typically installed in-line with the rear wheels.
Conclusion
1
Future Possibilities
The future is bright for sustainable energy
sources, and E-vehicles and their
components will be a significant part of it.
B en efits ofE -V ehicle
E-Vehicles can reduce greenhouse gases,
improve air quality and provide cost-saving
benefits.
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