BY ANSHU SINGH CRIME • Crime, the intentional commission of an act usually deemed socially harmful or dangerous and specifically defined, prohibited, and punishable under criminal law. • The basic idea of what things are called "crimes" is that they are thought to be things that might cause a problem for another person. Things like killing another person, injuring another person, or stealing from another person are crimes in most countries. Also, it can be a crime to have or sell contraband such as guns or illegal drugs. The latter two often fall under the category of victimless crime National Crime Records Bureau • The National Crime Records Bureau, formed on 11 March 1986, is an Indian government agency responsible for collecting and analyzing, crime data as defined by the Indian Penal Code (IPC) and Special and Local Laws (SLL). • NCRB is headquartered in New Delhi and is part of the Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA), Government of India. • Vivek Gogia (IPS) is current Director of National Crime Record Bureau. Mission Of NCRB Objectives of NCRB • To provide Indian Police with Information Technology and Criminal Intelligence to enable them to uphold law and protect people. • To provide leadership and excellence in crime analysis particularly on serious and organized crime. 1.Create and maintain secure sharable National Databases on crimes and criminals for law enforcement agencies and promote their use for public service delivery. 2.Collect and process crime statistics at the national level and clearing house of information on crime and criminals both at National and International levels. 3.Lead and coordinate development of IT applications and create an enabling IT environment for Police organizations. 4.National repository of fingerprints of all criminals. 5.To evaluate, modernize and promote automation in State Crime Records Bureau and State Finger Print Bureau. 6.Training and capacity building in Police Forces in Information Technology and Finger Print Science. CRIME STATISTICS • NCRB brings out three annual reports i.e. Crime in India, Accidental Deaths & Suicides in India and Prison Statistics India. These reports are principal reference points for police officers, researchers, media & policy makers. • The Bureau is also collecting Crime Statistics and Anti-human Trafficking statistics on monthly basis. • NCRB has developed application software for Crime in India (CII), Monthly Crime Statistics (MCS), Accidental Deaths & Suicide in India (ADSI), Prison Statistics of India (PSI). NCRB REPORT 2021 • NCRB released its latest report about the year 2021 in August 2022. • The title of the report is Crime in India and contains data related to the different crimes in the country. • In comparison to 2020, there was a 7.6% overall drop in reported crimes in 2021. • The crime rate per lakh population dropped from 487.8 in 2020 to 445.9 in 2021. NCRB REPORT ON CRIME AGAINST CHILDREN • According to the most recent data from the National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB), overall incidents of crime against children increased by 16.2% in 2021 compared to the previous year. • According to the NCRB report, 53,874 or 36.05 percent of the 1,49,404 cases against children reported in 2021 were under the purview of the Protection of Children from Sexual Offenses Act (POCSO). • The POCSO Act is defined as “An Act to protect children from offences of sexual assault, sexual harassment, and pornography and provide for the establishment of Special Courts for the trial of such offences and matters connected therewith or incidental thereto.” Crime against children (NCRB Data) between the years 2011 to 2021 State wise contribution (in per cent) in sexual offenses against children for the year 2021 States with the highest and lowest crime rates Sikkim, with a rate of 48.6, has the highest rate of sexual offenses against children, followed by Kerala, with 28.1, Meghalaya, with 27.8, Haryana, with 24. 7, and Mizoram (24.6) whereas Nagaland with 6.2 is the state with lowest rate for the same. Nagaland Mizoram Sikkim Haryana Kerala Meghalaya Sikkim Kerala Meghalaya Haryana Mizoram Nagaland Further analysis of the NCRB 2021 data suggests that sexual offences against children, especially girls, are steadily on the rise, as one out of every three crimes against children (53,874 cases or 36.1 per cent) are registered under the POCSO Act. More importantly, sexual crimes against children shows very strong gender tilt as adolescent girls within 12 to 16 years are reported to be the victims in more than 99 per cent of the cases registered under the POCSO Act. NCRB REPORT ON CRIME AGAINST WOMEN • Recent statistics show that crime against women increased by 15.3% from the previous year in 2021. • According to the NCRB report, the number of crimes against women grew from 56.5% in 2020 to 64.5% in 2021, (incidents per 1 lakh population). • The majority of these situations fall under the category “Cruelty by a spouse or his relatives, (31.8%) ” which is followed by “Assault on women with an aim to outrage her modesty” (20.8%), kidnapping and abduction (17.6%), and rape (7.4 percent). The ever rising graph of crime against women Crime Rate Bihar Uttar Pradesh Maharashtra Rajasthan Telangana Haryana Odisha Delhi Assam 0 20 40 60 80 Crime Rate 100 120 140 160 180 NCRB REPORT ON “Accidental Deaths and Suicides in India” • According to the National Crime Records Bureau’s (NCRB) most recent statistics, one in four of the 1,64,033 suicide victims who died in 2021 were daily wage earners. • According to the report “Accidental Deaths and Suicides in India,” daily wage workers continued to represent the highest profession among suicide victims in 2021, accounting for 42,004 suicides (25.6 percent). • The number of suicides at the national level increased by 7.17% from 2020 to 2021. However, the daily wage earner group experienced an increase in suicides of 11.52% over this period. Suicide Rate in India (2000-2023) • India suicide rate for 2019 was 12.70, a 0.79% increase from 2018. • India suicide rate for 2018 was 12.60, a 5% increase from 2017. • India suicide rate for 2017 was 12.00, a 0.83% decline from 2016. • India suicide rate for 2016 was 12.10, a 1.63% decline from 2015. State wise suicide rate for the year 2021 STATES WITH THE HIGHEST AND LOWEST SUICIDE RATE Delhi Puducherry Tamil Nadu Karnataka 10% 0% 2% Maharashtra 12% 13% 20% 12% 14% 17% MP West Bengal UP Bihar CYBERCRIME RELATED REPORT BY NCRB • Compare to the previous year’s record, there has been a sharp increase in cybercrime cases in Delhi. According to data, the number of incidents of online fraud, online harassment, the publication of explicit content, etc. increased by 111% in 2021 (356 cases) from 168 cases in 2020. For publishing and transmitting sexually explicit content where the complainants/victims are women or juveniles between the ages of 12 and 17 years.
