13.2 Biotic and Abiotic Factors BIOTIC AND ABIOTIC FACTORS PREPARED BY: TYPE YOUR NAME HERE 13.2 Biotic and Abiotic Factors S7LT -IIh - 9 • Differentiate biotic from abiotic components of an ecosystem 13.1 Ecologists Study Relationships What is Ecology? • The science of ecology includes everything from global processes (above), the study of various marine and terrestrial habitats (middle) to individual interspecific interactions like predation and pollination (below). 13.1 Ecologists Study Relationships Ecology is… • the study of the interactions between living organisms and their biotic and abiotic environments. • Ecology is therefore the study of the relationship of plants and animals to their physical and biological environment. 13.1 Ecologists Study Relationships And the ENVIRONMENT is… The surroundings of an organism that affect its life and development. 13.2 Biotic and Abiotic Factors Ecology All living organism, whether plant or animal or human being is surrounded by the environment, on which it derive its needs for its survival. Each living component interacts with non -living components for their basic requirements form different ecosystem. 13.2 Biotic and Abiotic Factors Ecology is the study of interactions among organism or group of organisms with their environment. The environment consists of both biotic components (living organisms) and abiotic components (non - living organisms). or Ecology is the study of ecosystems. 13.2 Biotic and Abiotic Factors Ecosystem is the basic functional unit of ecology. The term ecosystem is coined form a Greek word meaning study of home. Definition A group of organisms interacting among themselves and with environment is known as ecosystem. Thus an ecosystem is a community of different species interacting with one another and with their non living environment and one another and with their non- living environment exchanging energy and matter. Example Animals cannot synthesis their food directly but depend on the plants either directly or indirectly. 13.2 Biotic and Abiotic Factors Natural ecosystems operate themselves under natural conditions. Based on habitat types, it can be further classified into three types. 1. Terrestrial ecosystem This ecosystem is related to land. Example Grassland ecosystem, forest ecosystem, desert ecosystem, etc., 2. Aquatic ecosystem This ecosystem is related to water. It is further sub classified into two types based on salt content. •Fresh water ecosystem (i)Running water ecosystems. Examples Rivers, Streams (b) Standing water ecosystems Examples Pond, lake (ii) Marine ecosystem Example : Seas and sea shores 13.2 Biotic and Abiotic Factors - made (or) Artificial ecosystems Artificial ecosystem is operated (or) maintained by man himself. Example Croplands, gardens 13.2 Biotic and Abiotic Factors The term structure refers to the various components. So the structure of an ecosystem explains the relationship between the abiotic (non -living) and the biotic components. An ecosystem has two major components •Biotic (living) components •Abiotic (non living) components (living) 13.2 Biotic and Abiotic Factors KEY CONCEPT Every ecosystem includes both living and nonliving factors. 13.2 Biotic and Abiotic Factors An ecosystem includes both biotic and abiotic factors. • Biotic factors are living things. – plants – animals – fungi – bacteria plants 13.2 Biotic and Abiotic Factors • Biotic factors are living or once-living organisms in the ecosystem. • These are obtained from the biosphere and are capable of reproduction. • Examples of biotic factors are animals, birds, plants, fungi, and other similar organisms. 13.2 Biotic and Abiotic Factors 13.2 Biotic and Abiotic Factors • Abiotic factors are nonliving things. – moisture – temperature – wind – sunlight – soil sunlight moisture 13.2 Biotic and Abiotic Factors • Abiotic factors refer to non-living physical and chemical elements in the ecosystem. • Abiotic resources are usually obtained from the lithosphere, atmosphere, and hydrosphere. • Examples of abiotic factors are water, air, soil, sunlight, and minerals. 13.2 Biotic and Abiotic Factors 13.2 Biotic and Abiotic Factors Examples of Ecosystems Arizona Desert 13.2 Biotic and Abiotic Factors Examples of Ecosystems Mountains in Colorado 13.2 Biotic and Abiotic Factors Examples of Ecosystems Coral Reef in Belize 13.2 Biotic and Abiotic Factors Changing one factor in an ecosystem can affect many other factors. • Biodiversity is the assortment, or variety, of living things in an ecosystem. • Rain forests have more biodiversity than other locations in the world, but are threatened by human activities. 13.2 Biotic and Abiotic Factors Biotic features are all living things in the biosphere. • The biosphere is all the parts of Earth that support life. • This measures approximately 20km thick (12.4 miles)! Most life on Earth exists between 500m below the surface of the ocean and about 6km above sea level. 13.2 Biotic and Abiotic Factors What types of communities make up these ecosystems? What types of abiotic factors are influencing these ecosystems? 13.2 Biotic and Abiotic Factors How are Biotic Factors organized? K P C ing hilip ame O F ver or Great Soup! Kingdom - Phylum - Class - Order - Family - Genus - Species All biotic factors are grouped into major kingdoms based upon similar physical characteristics…we will deal with 6. 13.2 Biotic and Abiotic Factors Listed in descending order of complexity: Animalia Plantae Fungi Protista Eubacteria Archeobacteria 13.2 Biotic and Abiotic Factors Abiotic and Biotic factors are intimately intertwined…. Geographic location (latitude and longitude) determines abiotic factors such as temperature and climate….which in turn, dictates or forces a certain type of ecosystem to exist 13.2 Biotic and Abiotic Factors Levels of Organization studied in Ecology… 13.2 Biotic and Abiotic Factors • • • • An organism’s niche Habitat: the actual place an organism lives Niche: both living and non-living parts of an ecosystem that determines an organism’s role in the ecosystem. If two species share the same niche, they will have various interactions. How can species interact? 13.2 Biotic and Abiotic Factors • These relationships are complex. Each population of species interacts with other species, or biotic factors, as well as with the all of the abiotic factors. • The niche of an organism and it’s interactions is determined by where it stands in the ecological structure of the ecosystem. • -Producers -Consumers -Decomposers -Scavengers 13.2 Biotic and Abiotic Factors Producers • Producers are autotrophic organisms that make their own food. – Phototrophic organisms use photosynthesis and contain chlorophyll (Carbon Dioxide + Water + Sunlight =Sugar + Oxygen) – Chemotrophic organisms use chemicals other than H20, such as H2S 13.2 Biotic and Abiotic Factors PRODUCERS!!! 13.2 Biotic and Abiotic Factors Consumers Consumers are heterotrophic organisms that cannot make their own food. They must ingest (eat) other organisms. -Herbivores feed on vegetation (producers). -Carnivores feed on herbivores or on other carnivores. Secondary carnivores feed on herbivores, Tertiary consumers feed on other carnivores -Omnivores feed on both producers and consumers -Scavengers feed on dead or decaying organisms 13.2 Biotic and Abiotic Factors CONSUMERS!!! 13.2 Biotic and Abiotic Factors Scavengers feed on CARRION (dead or injured animal corpses) and dead plant biomass. Scavengers reduce the size of dead organic matter…Decomposers will finish the job! 13.2 Biotic and Abiotic Factors DECOMPOSERS are heterotrophs that recycle small, often microscopic bits of dead organic matter into inorganic nutrients availbe for plants to take up from the soil. Decomposers RECYCLE nutrients! BACTERIA and FUNGI are decomposers…most worms are plant scavengers! 13.2 Biotic and Abiotic Factors Content, images, text, etc. used belong to the rightful owner. No copyright infringement intended.
