13.2 Biotic and Abiotic Factors
BIOTIC AND
ABIOTIC
FACTORS
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13.2 Biotic and Abiotic Factors
S7LT -IIh - 9
• Differentiate
biotic from
abiotic
components
of an
ecosystem
13.1 Ecologists Study Relationships
What is Ecology?
• The science of ecology includes
everything from global processes
(above), the study of various marine and
terrestrial habitats (middle) to individual
interspecific interactions like predation
and pollination (below).
13.1 Ecologists Study Relationships
Ecology is…
• the study of the interactions
between living organisms and
their biotic and abiotic
environments.
• Ecology is therefore the study
of the relationship of plants
and animals to their physical
and biological environment.
13.1 Ecologists Study Relationships
And the ENVIRONMENT is…
The surroundings of an organism that affect its life and
development.
13.2 Biotic and Abiotic Factors
Ecology
All living organism, whether plant or animal or
human being is surrounded by the environment, on which
it derive its needs for its survival.
Each living component interacts with non -living
components for their basic requirements form different
ecosystem.
13.2 Biotic and Abiotic Factors
Ecology is the study of interactions among organism
or group of organisms with their environment. The
environment consists of both biotic components (living
organisms) and abiotic components (non - living organisms).
or Ecology is the study of ecosystems.
13.2 Biotic and Abiotic Factors
Ecosystem is the basic functional unit of ecology. The term
ecosystem is coined form a Greek word meaning study of
home.
Definition
A group of organisms interacting among themselves
and with environment is known as ecosystem. Thus an
ecosystem is a community of different species interacting with
one another and with their non living environment and one
another and with their non- living environment exchanging
energy and matter.
Example
Animals cannot synthesis their food directly but
depend on the plants either directly or indirectly.
13.2 Biotic and Abiotic Factors
Natural ecosystems operate themselves under natural conditions.
Based on habitat types, it can be further classified into three types.
1. Terrestrial ecosystem
This ecosystem is related to land.
Example
Grassland ecosystem, forest ecosystem, desert ecosystem, etc.,
2. Aquatic ecosystem
This ecosystem is related to water. It is further sub classified into
two types based on salt content.
•Fresh water ecosystem
(i)Running water ecosystems.
Examples
Rivers, Streams
(b) Standing water ecosystems
Examples
Pond, lake
(ii) Marine ecosystem
Example : Seas and sea shores
13.2 Biotic and Abiotic Factors
- made (or) Artificial ecosystems
Artificial ecosystem is operated (or) maintained by
man himself.
Example
Croplands, gardens
13.2 Biotic and Abiotic Factors
The term structure refers to the various components.
So the structure of an ecosystem explains the relationship
between the abiotic (non -living) and the biotic
components.
An ecosystem has two major components
•Biotic (living) components
•Abiotic (non living) components
(living)
13.2 Biotic and Abiotic Factors
KEY CONCEPT
Every ecosystem includes both living and nonliving
factors.
13.2 Biotic and Abiotic Factors
An ecosystem includes both biotic and abiotic factors.
• Biotic factors are living things.
– plants
– animals
– fungi
– bacteria
plants
13.2 Biotic and Abiotic Factors
• Biotic factors are living or once-living organisms in the
ecosystem.
• These are obtained from the biosphere and are capable
of reproduction.
• Examples of biotic factors are animals, birds, plants,
fungi, and other similar organisms.
13.2 Biotic and Abiotic Factors
13.2 Biotic and Abiotic Factors
• Abiotic factors are nonliving things.
– moisture
– temperature
– wind
– sunlight
– soil
sunlight
moisture
13.2 Biotic and Abiotic Factors
• Abiotic factors refer to non-living physical and chemical
elements in the ecosystem.
• Abiotic resources are usually obtained from the
lithosphere, atmosphere, and hydrosphere.
• Examples of abiotic factors are water, air, soil, sunlight,
and minerals.
13.2 Biotic and Abiotic Factors
13.2 Biotic and Abiotic Factors
Examples of Ecosystems
Arizona Desert
13.2 Biotic and Abiotic Factors
Examples of Ecosystems
Mountains in Colorado
13.2 Biotic and Abiotic Factors
Examples of Ecosystems
Coral Reef in Belize
13.2 Biotic and Abiotic Factors
Changing one factor in an ecosystem can affect many
other factors.
• Biodiversity is the assortment, or variety, of living things in
an ecosystem.
• Rain forests have more biodiversity than other locations in
the world, but are threatened by human activities.
13.2 Biotic and Abiotic Factors
Biotic features are all living things in the
biosphere.
• The biosphere is all the parts of
Earth that support life.
• This measures approximately
20km thick (12.4 miles)! Most
life on Earth exists between
500m below the surface of the
ocean and about 6km above sea
level.
13.2 Biotic and Abiotic Factors
What types of
communities make
up these ecosystems?
What types of
abiotic factors are
influencing these
ecosystems?
13.2 Biotic and Abiotic Factors
How are Biotic Factors
organized?
K P C
ing
hilip
ame
O F
ver
or
Great Soup!
Kingdom - Phylum - Class - Order - Family - Genus - Species
All biotic factors are grouped into major kingdoms based upon
similar physical characteristics…we will deal with 6.
13.2 Biotic and Abiotic Factors
Listed in descending
order of complexity:
Animalia
Plantae
Fungi
Protista
Eubacteria
Archeobacteria
13.2 Biotic and Abiotic Factors
Abiotic and Biotic factors are
intimately intertwined….
Geographic location (latitude
and longitude) determines
abiotic factors such as
temperature and
climate….which in turn,
dictates or forces a certain type
of ecosystem to exist
13.2 Biotic and Abiotic Factors
Levels of
Organization
studied in
Ecology…
13.2 Biotic and Abiotic Factors
•
•
•
•
An organism’s niche
Habitat: the actual place an
organism lives
Niche: both living and non-living
parts of an ecosystem that
determines an organism’s role in
the ecosystem.
If two species share the same niche,
they will have various interactions.
How can species interact?
13.2 Biotic and Abiotic Factors
• These relationships are complex. Each population of
species interacts with other species, or biotic factors, as well
as with the all of the abiotic factors.
• The niche of an organism and it’s interactions is determined
by where it stands in the ecological structure of the
ecosystem.
•
-Producers
-Consumers
-Decomposers
-Scavengers
13.2 Biotic and Abiotic Factors
Producers
• Producers are autotrophic
organisms that make their
own food.
– Phototrophic organisms
use
photosynthesis and
contain chlorophyll
(Carbon Dioxide + Water +
Sunlight =Sugar + Oxygen)
– Chemotrophic organisms
use chemicals other than
H20, such as H2S
13.2 Biotic and Abiotic Factors
PRODUCERS!!!
13.2 Biotic and Abiotic Factors
Consumers
 Consumers are heterotrophic organisms that cannot make
their own food. They must ingest (eat) other organisms.
-Herbivores feed on vegetation (producers).
-Carnivores feed on herbivores or on other
carnivores.
Secondary carnivores feed on herbivores,
Tertiary consumers feed on other carnivores
-Omnivores feed on both producers and consumers
-Scavengers feed on dead or decaying organisms
13.2 Biotic and Abiotic Factors
CONSUMERS!!!
13.2 Biotic and Abiotic Factors
Scavengers feed on CARRION (dead or injured animal
corpses) and dead plant biomass. Scavengers reduce the
size of dead organic matter…Decomposers will finish the job!
13.2 Biotic and Abiotic Factors
DECOMPOSERS are heterotrophs that recycle small,
often microscopic bits of dead organic matter into
inorganic nutrients availbe for plants to take up from the
soil. Decomposers RECYCLE nutrients!
BACTERIA and FUNGI are decomposers…most worms
are plant scavengers!
13.2 Biotic and Abiotic Factors
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