Case studies
#3
a. Infection:
The infant likely has neonatal conjunctivitis.
b. Causative Agent:
The most common cause of neonatal conjunctivitis in this scenario is Chlamydia trachomatis.
c. Treatment:
Typically, treated with systemic erythromycin or oral azithromycin. It's important to involve the
infant's pediatrician for proper diagnosis and prescription of antibiotics. Additionally, the mother
should be tested and treated for any existing sexually transmitted infections to prevent
recurrence.
#11
a. Condition:
Your child likely has measles.
b. Likely Causative Agent:
The likely causative agent of measles is the measles virus (MeV), which is a highly contagious
virus from the Paramyxoviridae family.
c. White Spots:
The white spots in your child's mouth are known as Koplik spots. These are small, white
lesions that appear on the buccal mucosa (inside the cheeks) and are characteristic of measles.
They often precede the characteristic red rash associated with measles.
#14
a. Infection:
The patient likely has trachoma.
b. Likely Causative Agent:
The likely causative agent of trachoma is the bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis.
c. Serious Complication:
A serious complication of trachoma is the development of corneal scarring, leading to visual
impairment or blindness. The scarring on the inner layer of the eyelid observed during
examination is indicative of the progression of the disease, and if left untreated, it can result in
significant vision loss. Early detection and appropriate treatment are crucial to prevent long-term
complications.
6
a. Condition:
The child is likely suffering from Fifth Disease, also known as erythema infectiosum.
b. Likely Causative Agent:
The causative agent of Fifth Disease is Parvovirus B19.
c. Serious Complication for Unborn Babies:
Fifth Disease can be concerning for pregnant women, especially during the first half of
pregnancy. It has been associated with a risk of fetal complications, including hydrops fetalis, a
severe form of fetal anemia that can be fatal to the unborn baby. Pregnant women who are
exposed to Fifth Disease should seek medical advice to monitor and manage potential risks to the
fetus.
#14
a. Likely Causative Agent:
The likely causative agent is Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib), a bacterium.
b. Condition:
The boy is likely suffering from Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) conjunctivitis.
c. Protozoan that Can Cause a Similar Infection:8
A protozoan known as Acanthamoeba can also cause eye infections, particularly Acanthamoeba
keratitis. However, in the context of the symptoms described (lid swelling, discharge, and
redness of conjunctival vessels), the primary consideration is bacterial conjunctivitis, with
Haemophilus influenzae type b being a common causative agent.