Trends, Networks, and Critical Thinking in the 21st Century – Grade 12
Alternative Delivery Mode
Module 6: Information Communication Technology (ICT)
First Edition, 2019
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Trends, Networks, and
Critical Thinking
in the 21st Century 2
QUARTER 1 – MODULE 2
Understanding Local Networks
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iii
Table of Contents
Cover Page
Copyright Page
Module Title
Writers’ Profile
Table of Contents
What I Need to Know
What Should I Expect
Things to Remember To Get Through
What I Know
i
ii
iii
iv
v
1
1
2
3
CONTENTS
Lesson 1: Dimensions of Technology that are Enabling and Not Inhibiting
What I Need to Know
What’s In
What’s New
What is it
What’s More
What I Have Learned
What I Can Do
Additional Activities
Assessment
References
4
4
5
8
10
10
12
13
14
15
v
MODULE 6
Understanding Local Networks
WHAT I NEED TO KNOW
Introduction
In the previous module, you have learned about trend; its meaning, nature, and
importance with the lives of people. In this module, you will be introduced to the
concept of network. It will deal with the discussion of local network which refers to
interconnected processes internal to the individual person’s mind, mental faculty or
thoughts such as strategic analysis and intuitive thinking that are ultimately
demonstrated in decision-making What are the parts of this module?
Pre-test
Lesson Proper
Activities
Self-test
Post Test
WHAT SHOULD I EXPECT
After you go through on this module, you are expected to:
1. Define strategic analysis and intuitive thinking
2. Explain strategic analysis and intuitive thinking
3. Attain facility in strategic analysis
4. Use intuitive thinking in dealing with varied activities
5. Differentiate key components in strategic analysis and intuitive
thinking
6. Examine how the map of social networks can be used to introduce
creative solutions to a particular problem in a community using
intuitive thinking
1
THINGS TO REMEMBER TO GET THROUGH
To learn and benefit from this module, follow the following steps:
a. Take your time to read and understand the concepts in this module
b. Follow the instructions carefully in every given task
c. Answer all the assessment tests industriously
d. Present an output in every performance task given
e. Familiarize yourselves with the given terms
GOOD LUCK AS YOU BEGIN THIS MODULE!
2
MODULE 6
What I Know
As an initial activity, you will be assess on your prior knowledge about
information communication technology. This is to find out what are the things you need
to learn more about the subject matter.
Test I. Instruction: Read each statement carefully. Write TRUE if the statement is true
and FALSE if the statement is false.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
Intuitive thinking is known as the flashing of insight.
Intuition, like rationality is one of the tools of knowledge.
Rational thinking is better than intuitive thinking.
Analytical mind usually exercises strategic thinking.
Intuitive thinking involves a more spontaneous, instinctive, and unplanned
process of solving a problem
Intuitive thinking does not necessarily require a careful planning in advance.
Getting the right person to do a task is one of the key points of strategic thinking.
Intuition and reason complement each other.
Analytical thinking is characterized as brain-centered, focused and time-bound.
Analytical tools are not needed in intuitive thinking.
3
Lesson
1
Strategic Analysis and
Intuitive Thinking
What I Need to Know
At the end of the lesson, the learners are expected to:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Define strategic analysis and intuitive thinking
Explain strategic analysis and intuitive thinking
Attain facility in strategic analysis
Use intuitive thinking in dealing with varied activities
Differentiate key components in strategic analysis and intuitive thinking
Examine how the map of social networks can be used to introduce
creative solutions to a particular problem in a community using intuitive
thinking
What’s In
The prior module clarifies resourcefully the mean effects of undemocratic
practices related to issues such as gender biases, poverty, racial difference, cultural
dominion, political marginalization, crisis of representation and politics of appreciation.
We have better understand and exercise our rights and privileges in accordance with
our constitution. The previous module also discusses the importance of democratic
practices, difference between representative democracy and participatory democracy.
This lesson be ready to grasp the notion of local network, strategic analysis and
intuitive thinking which includes the key components of each type of thoughts.
4
What’s New
Reading 1: Strategic Analysis and Intuitive Thinking
Everyday we make choices in our lives. Sometimes our decisions are based on
impulses that we need to face along with the unfavourable consequences of our
actions. We cannot afford to commit the same mistakes at all times. This is why there
are institutions that create strategic analysis at least intuitive thinking, if the latter
makes sense.
According to Urgel, E. (2017), Strategic analysis is the process of examining
the organization’s surroundings and resources to better formulate a strategy to meet
the desired objectives and improved the organization’s performance. It is the
understanding of an organization’s external and internal environments. It also deals
with the creation and better utilization of resources in the pursuit of their objectives
and priorities. Such understanding is drawn from the facts data, and instructions at
hand.
Strategic analysis, for example, can be done by an organization to analyse its
losing performance. It is based on data and information about the internal profile of its
employees and their capabilities and work attitudes. It can be done by the organization
to investigate the external profile of its surrounding, opportunities, and possible rivals.
Moreover, intuitive thinking is sensing or knowing without using rational processes
such as reading facts and instructions. According to the dictionary, intuition is
something that is known or understood without proof or evidence. In short, intuitive is
making choices and decisions according to one’s hunch and gut feeling without
knowing the reason why.
Good intuition results from long years of knowledge and experience which
enable you to comprehend how people think, act, and react, perceive and interpret,
and interact with one another.
A critical mind or analytical mind usually exercises strategic thinking. Samantha
Howland (2015) identified six elements of strategic thinking designed to encourage
strategic leadership among today’s executives. It is drawn from a study of more than
20,000 executives in more than 175 countries. The six key elements are abilities to
anticipate, challenge, decide, interpret, learn, and align.
1. The ability to anticipate enables the executives to not only focus on the
current situation but also to look at the future. They should monitor the
environment to foresee significant changes in the industry to prepare them for
possible threats as well as opportunities. For instance, an executive who keeps
5
abreast with trends and engages in trendspotting is more likely to be open to
product changes or to beef up the company’s product strength in anticipation
of trend. An example is when a garment executive spots a consumer preference
for plaid print, he or she gradually reduces the production of apparels with floral
design and shifts to plaid print.
2.The ability to challenge involves raising questions instead of merely accepting
information as it comes. The purpose of raising questions is to trace the root
causes of problems, to challenge existing beliefs, and to find out biases and
possible manipulation of the situation. Probing and investigation may also be
employed.
3. The ability to interpret is shown by testing a variety of hypotheses as well as
comparing and contrasting certain data prior to making decisions on particular
issues. The executive avoids jumping into conclusions without sound basis.
4.The ability to decide enables to executive to make a stand with courage and
conviction despite incomplete information at hand. The executive combines
speed and quality in doing this for them to avoid indecision or “analysis
paralysis which prevent a leader from acting fast, thereby missing chances of
opportunities.
5. The ability to align enables the executive to have different divergent
viewpoints, opinions, and agenda to attain common goals and to pursue mutual
interests. Open communication and dialogue will help address the problem of
misalignment and build trust leading to consensus and agreements.
7. The ability to learn is demonstrated by an executive who accepts feedback,
constructive criticism, and even failure which are altogether viewed as
source of critical and valuable insights. He or she shows willingness to
immediately return to the right course when going off tract. Failures are
considered lessons for success.
Strategic analysis is useful not only to an organization but also to an individual
such as student like you. Your current situation in striving to finish senior high school
can be assessed by the following: (a) knowing your strengths such as your
competencies and values, weaknesses such as negative attitude and needs to be
filled, (b) threats such as events and situations that prevent you from focusing on your
studies, and other factors that can help you improve your skills.
Are you failing or getting poor grades? What good habits can you develop to
address this problem? Whom can you approach to help you improve your grades?
Strategic analysis can be a way to turn your weakness into strengths and to take
6
advantage of situations that will boost your confidence as a student. It will guide you
in staying on course toward finishing senior high school.
The honing and nurturing of a critical mind or strategic thinking must start at an
early age. Students like you should be provided with opportunities to develop this
ability for self-improvement. It can also guide you in giving service to others (for
example as an officer in the student council). In such case, the students develop
strategic thinking which is reflected in his or her abilities to anticipate, decide,
challenge, learn, align, and interpret.
Intuitive thinking involves a more spontaneous, instinctive, and unplanned
process of solving a problem. Evaluation of the situation and the perceived alternative
course of action are quick and board. Actions and decisions spring from hunches and
gut feeling based on unpremeditated ideas or experiences rather from facts and hard
data. This type of thinking tends to be imaginative and more applicable in situations
where facts are insufficient and previous related decisions are not readily available.
Intuitive thinkers do certain things which other do not. Carolyn Gregorie (2014),
senior writer of The Huffington Post provided the Ten Things Highly Intuitive People
Do Differently. The following activities are as follows:
1. Listening to an inner voice. They pay attention to intuition and allow it to guide
them.
2. Taking time to be alone and to reflect. Spending time in solitude is their way
of engaging in deeper thoughts and creative thinking. It is also called
“mindfulness” which means looking into one’s current experience without
making judgement.
3. Listening to their bodies. They tune in to their bodies for gut feeling and
physical sensation or emotion associated with intuition.
4. Observing everything. They take note of the occurrence of odd things and
keep an eye on the frequency of coincidences, unexpected connections, and
instantaneous decisions or actions done.
5. Paying attention to their dreams .It refers to the way of getting in touch with
their “unconscious thinking process” and of capturing information on how to live
their lives.
6. Connecting deeply with others and staying in a positive mood. They can read
a person’s mind through his or her words, feelings, and actions. Avoiding
negative emotions helps boost their intuitive judgement.
7
Analytical thinking applied in strategic analysis is brain-centered and focused.
It deals with one thing and is concerned with time. It is linear and inclined toward the
abstract. It efficiently works in a condition with sufficient time, relative stability, and
established criteria for analysis such as rules. It comes in handy when an explanation
is needed. The process can be taught and learned in the classroom.
Intuitive thinking, on the other hand, possesses characteristics which mostly
run in contrast to analytical thinking. It is heart-centered, unfocused, and is not timebound. It view many things simultaneously, is nonlinear, and is inclined toward the
concrete and the real. It efficiently works in dynamic conditions, under time pressure,
and is instantaneous. It works well when the observer has gained experience in a
particular situation and he is ready to act on hunches and feeling, especially when an
explanation is not needed.
What is it
Strategic Thinking
According to Urgel, E (2017), Strategic analysis and planning have five essential
components. These components are the following:
1.Committed people. The initial step in strategic planning is getting the right
people at the right time. They are essential in effectively carrying out a
strategy. These people comprise the management staff, officers, and
stakeholders. They are also called engagers.
2. Long-term strategic objectives. The objectives are poised to enhance the
organizations performance. There is need to identify the beneficiaries in the
operation who will receive the benefit from the gains brought by improved
efficiency in the operations and delivery of services of the organization. The
people involved in setting the objectives are referred to as aimers.
3.Strategic alternatives. The planning team should be able derive options from
brainstorming and SWOT Analysis. These alternatives may be of higher
quality than the current strategy or may enable the organization to respond
with the ease, speed, and effectiveness when changes occur in the
environment.
4. Evaluation and choice of strategies. The process of formulating a strategy
which involves evaluating and picking out which strategies could facilitate the
attainment of long-term improvements. It should include all those revealed by
Strength, Weakness, Opportunities and Threats (SWOT) analysis of the
organization. From the evaluation of alternative strategies, options which are
superior to the current approach may be found, and change for organization’s
8
improvement can be undertaken. Those who participate in searching for and
selecting strategic alternatives are called option generators.
5. Monitoring of strategy implementation. There should be a plan for formal
and regular reporting and other measures of plan implementation. These will
enable the organization to know whether or not the plan is carried out properly
and the objectives are met. The monitoring system should provide ample
room for correction when improper implementation of the strategies is
observed and when objectives ar not being met. Strategizers are those who
implement and monitor strategy.
Intuitive Thinking
The components of intuitive thinking differ from those of strategic analysis and
planning. According to Amy Baylor (1997), there are three components of intuition
and intuitive thinking: immediacy, sensing relationship, and reason.
1. Immediacy. This refers to the timing in intuitive thinking. The time involved
in intuitive thinking is quick where decisions, actions, and solutions come up
fast without planning or deliberation. Baylor quotes George Mandler (1995),
named it as “mind popping” when thoughts, ideas, and solutions come to mind
non-deliberately.
2. Sensing Relationship. This refers to the establishment or formulation of
connections among ideas. This is basic in intuition. The establishment of
connection is necessary is associated with a person’s knowledge, and
3. Reason. It deals with intuition which involves certain type of reasoning.
The table below shows the differences between strategic thinking and
intuitive thinking based on Urgel, E. (2017)
Element
Logic
Strategic Analysis
Logical mind needed
Intuitive Thinking
Logical
mind
not
needed
Reason
Center
Basis
Time
Tools
Planning
Starts from an idea or concept
and moves on to what can be
associated with
Brain-centered
Hard facts, data, instruction
Focuses on the idea or
concept
and
its
attributes
Heart-centered
Hunch, instinct, gut
feeling
Needs time to finish in one or Spontaneous,
quick,
more sittings or sessions
finished at one time
SWOT, PEST and other Experiences
analytical tools
Well-planned
unplanned
9
What’s More
Direction: Individual Work: Answer the following questions below:
What I Have Learned
Activity: Picture Analysis
Direction: Write an essay on the picture that you think based from the
supplementary reading picture.
Answer Sheet:
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10
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INFORMAL ESSAY RUBRIC
Features
Quality of
Writing
Grammar,
Usage &
Mechanics
4
Expert
Piece was
written in an
extraordinary
style and voice
Very
informative
and wellorganized
Virtually no
spelling,
punctuation or
grammatical
errors
3
Accomplished
Piece was
written in an
interesting style
and voice
Somewhat
informative and
organized
2
Capable
Piece had little
style or voice
Gives some
new
information but
poorly
organized
1
Beginner
Piece had no
style or voice
Gives no new
information and
very poorly
organized
Few spelling and
punctuation
errors, minor
grammatical
errors
A number of
spelling,
punctuation or
grammatical
errors
So many
spelling,
punctuation and
grammatical
errors that it
interferes with
the meaning
https://www.thoughtco.com/essay-rubric-2081367
What I Have Learned
Discovery of Non-Intuitive Things
There are three ways of discovering non-intuitive things. The following are as follows:
1. Gaining more experience.
Experience is a great teacher. More experiences you have the easier it is for
you to see the similarities between new ideas and previous learning.
Experience teaches you to identify if various kind of projects, objectives or
problems are straight forward or not. It also teaches you which one employs nonintuitive (or counter intuitive) issues to address. In other words, experience hones your
intuition. It can make non-intuitive thinking become intuitive thinking.
2. Experimentation.
Experimentation can help you uncover inconsistencies. Tinkering is a great
way to discover something that isn’t consistent with what you thought.
3. Learn by reading, studying & teaching and learning process with your
mentors.
The more you build your foundation, the more you learn about the nuances,
differences and subtleties of a wide array of mysteries. Then, intuitive thinking and
non-intuitive thinking become easier in the real life context.
11
What I Can Do
Activity 1.
Instruction: What will you do if you confronted are with this situation below.
Use your intuitive and rational thinking in your explanation. Write them on the four
boxes provided below.
1.
2.
4.
3
4.
Processing Questions:
1. How do you find the activity?
2. Are your response-answers automatic or well-thought?
3. What realizations you have learned after the activity?
4. Does this activity affect or change your worldview in looking certain situation
like this?
12
Additional Activities
Do research about SWOT and PEST as examples of analytical tools.
13
Assessment
Test I. Instruction: Read each statement carefully. Write TRUE if the statement is
true and FALSE if the statement is false.
1. Strategic analysis and intuitive thinking both use reason but in different
ways.
2. Strategic analysis works best only for bigger organizations like business
institution.
3. Intuitive thinking is not accepted in the scientific world.
4. Rational reasoning is better than intuitive thinking.
5. Critical tools are needed in instinctive thinking.
6. Intuitive thinking is hunch-based and spontaneous.
7. Intuition is something known as infused knowledge.
8. Strategic analysis must be used always to ensure success in life.
9. Individuals engaged in strategic analysis apply all cognitive processes in the
orientation towards attainment of success in future.
10. Only the internal environment is important in strategic analysis
11. The honing of a critical mind must start at an early age
12. . In a business organization, strategic analysis may mean understanding of
its external and internal settings.
13. Analytical thinking views things simultaneously in a nonlinear way.
14. Experience can be considered as a tool of intuitive thinking.
15. SWOT and PEST are good examples of analytical tools.
14
References
A. BOOKS
Urgel, E. (2017). Trends, network and critical thinking in the 21st century. Makati City,
Philippines: University Press, First Asia.
B. ENCYCLOPEDIA
Encyclopedia Britannica.2016. http://www.britanicca.com/place/Philippines
C. INTERNET SOURCES
Lifted from:
https://flowleadership.org/intuitive-thinking/
http://www.problem-solving-techniques.com/Intuitive-Thinking.html
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16
Pre-Assessment
Post-Assessment
1. B
2. C
3. A
4. C
5. A
6. A
7. A
8. B
9. A
10. A
11. B
12. C
13. C
14. B
15. D
1. B
2. C
3. B
4. A
5. C
6. A
7. A
8. A
9. B
10. A
11. A
12. C
13. C
14. D
15. B
.
KEY TO CORRECTIONS