Approval Standard
for
Centrifugal Fire Pumps
(Vertical Shaft, Turbine Type,
Barrel)
Class Number 1370
January 2018
©2018 FM Approvals LLC. All rights reserved.
Foreword
The FM Approvals certification mark is intended to verify that the products and services described will meet FM
Approvals’ stated conditions of performance, safety and quality useful to the ends of property conservation. The purpose
of Approval Standards is to present the criteria for FM Approval of various types of products and services, as guidance
for FM Approvals personnel, manufacturers, users and authorities having jurisdiction.
Products submitted for certification by FM Approvals shall demonstrate that they meet the intent of the Approval Standard,
and that quality control in manufacturing shall ensure a consistently uniform and reliable product. Approval Standards
strive to be performance-oriented. They are intended to facilitate technological development.
For examining equipment, materials and services, Approval Standards:
a)
must be useful to the ends of property conservation by preventing, limiting or not causing damage under the
conditions stated by the Approval listing; and
b) must be readily identifiable.
Continuance of Approval and listing depends on compliance with the Approval Agreement, satisfactory performance in
the field, on successful re-examinations of equipment, materials, and services as appropriate, and on surveillance audits
of the manufacturing facility.
FM Approvals LLC reserves the right in its sole judgment to change or revise its standards, criteria, methods, or
procedures.
Table of Contents
1.
INTRODUCTION ..............................................................................................................................................................1
1.1 Purpose ..........................................................................................................................................................................1
1.2 Scope..............................................................................................................................................................................1
1.3 Basis for Requirements ..................................................................................................................................................1
1.4 Basis for FM Approval ..................................................................................................................................................2
1.5 Basis for Continued Approval........................................................................................................................................2
1.6 Effective Date ................................................................................................................................................................2
1.7 System of Units ..............................................................................................................................................................3
1.8 Normative References ....................................................................................................................................................3
1.9 Definitions .....................................................................................................................................................................3
2
GENERAL INFORMATION ...........................................................................................................................................6
2.1 Product Information .......................................................................................................................................................6
2.2 Approval Application Requirements .............................................................................................................................7
2.3 Requirements for Samples for Examination ..................................................................................................................7
3
GENERAL REQUIREMENTS ........................................................................................................................................8
3.1 Review of Documentation .............................................................................................................................................8
3.2 Physical or Structural Features ......................................................................................................................................8
3.2.1 Pump .......................................................................................................................................................................8
3.2.2 Discharge Head .......................................................................................................................................................8
3.2.3 Water Passages .......................................................................................................................................................8
3.2.4 Bowls ......................................................................................................................................................................8
3.2.5 Impeller ...................................................................................................................................................................8
3.2.6 Column Pipe ...........................................................................................................................................................8
3.2.7 Shaft ........................................................................................................................................................................9
3.2.8 Line Shaft Couplings ..............................................................................................................................................9
3.2.9 Shaft Seals ............................................................................................................................................................10
3.2.10 Line Shaft Bearings ..............................................................................................................................................10
3.2.11 Shaft Enclosing Tube ............................................................................................................................................10
3.2.12 Driver Connection ................................................................................................................................................10
3.2.13 Non-Reverse Ratchets...........................................................................................................................................11
3.2.14 Rated Speed ..........................................................................................................................................................11
3.2.15 Strainers ................................................................................................................................................................11
3.3 Pump Package ..............................................................................................................................................................11
3.4 Electric Motor ..............................................................................................................................................................11
3.5 Materials ......................................................................................................................................................................12
3.6 Markings ......................................................................................................................................................................12
3.7 Manufacturer's Installation and Operation Instructions ...............................................................................................13
3.8 Calibration ...................................................................................................................................................................13
3.9 Tolerances ....................................................................................................................................................................13
4
PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS ...........................................................................................................................13
4.1 Design and Calculation Review ...................................................................................................................................13
4.2 Performance .................................................................................................................................................................14
4.3 Flange and Gasket Tightness .......................................................................................................................................14
4.4 Hydrostatic Strength ....................................................................................................................................................14
4.5 Barrel Hydrostatic Strength .........................................................................................................................................15
4.6 Test Procedure .............................................................................................................................................................15
4.7 Additional Tests ...........................................................................................................................................................15
5
OPERATIONS REQUIREMENTS ................................................................................................................................15
5.1 Demonstrated Quality Control Program ......................................................................................................................16
5.2 Surveillance Audit Program .........................................................................................................................................17
5.3 Manufacturer's Responsibilities ...................................................................................................................................17
5.4
Manufacturing and Production Tests ...........................................................................................................................18
APPENDIX A: Units of Measurement ...................................................................................................................................19
APPENDIX B: FM Approvals Certification Marks .............................................................................................................20
APPENDIX C: Test Procedures .............................................................................................................................................22
C.1 Capacity Measurements ...............................................................................................................................................22
C.2 Head Measurements .....................................................................................................................................................24
C.3 Power Measurements ...................................................................................................................................................24
C.4 Speed Measurement .....................................................................................................................................................25
C.5 Time Measurement ......................................................................................................................................................25
APPENDIX D: Fire Pump Unit (Packages) ...........................................................................................................................26
APPENDIX E: Tolerance ........................................................................................................................................................27
APPENDIX F: Sample Listing ................................................................................................................................................28
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January 2018
1. INTRODUCTION
1.1
1.2
Purpose
1.1.1
This standard states FM Approval criteria for vertical shaft, turbine type, barrel centrifugal fire pumps which are
intended supply water to fire protection systems. They are a critical component in a facility’s fire protection
system. They are expected to automatically start upon loss of fire protection system pressure or by other automatic
fire detection means. They are required to supply the necessary water flow and pressure without interruption to
a facility’s fire protection system under fire conditions despite being idle for extended periods. They are required
to provide a high degree of reliability.
1.1.2
Approval criteria may include, but are not limited to, performance requirements, marking requirements,
examination of manufacturing facility(ies), audit of quality assurance procedures, and a surveillance audit
program.
Scope
1.2.1
This standard encompasses the design and performance requirements for vertical shaft, turbine type, barrel
centrifugal fire pumps for use in fire protection systems. Approval is limited to vertical shaft, turbine type, barrel
centrifugal fire pumps that have a minimum rated discharge pressure of at least 40 psi (275 kPa). In cases where
metric sized vertical shaft, turbine type, barrel centrifugal fire pumps are to be examined for Approval, test criteria
equal to or greater than the United States size or value shall be used.
1.2.2
Requirements for other types of centrifugal fire pumps are detailed in the following FM Approval Standards:
Approval Standard
Class Number
1310
1311
1312
1319
1371
1.2.3
Requirements for other major components in the pump package are detailed in the following Approval Standards:
Approval Standard
Class Number
1046
1321/1323
1333
1336
2311
1.2.4
1.3
Centrifugal Fire Pump Type
Multi Stage, Multi Outlet
Split-Case Type, (Axial or Radial)
Vertical Shaft Turbine Type
Horizontal, End-Suction Type
In-Line Type
Equipment
Fire Pump Flowmeter Systems
Controllers for Electric Motor Driven and Diesel Engine Driven Fire Pumps
Diesel Engine Fire Pump Drivers
Fire Pump Couplings and Flexible Connecting Shafts for Fire Protection Service
Pressure Gauges for Fire Protection Systems
Approval standards are intended to verify that the product described will meet stated conditions of performance,
safety, and quality useful to the ends of property conservation.
Basis for Requirements
1.3.1
The requirements of this standard are based on experience, research and testing, and/or the standards of other
organizations. The advice of manufacturers, users, trade associations, jurisdictions and/or loss control specialists
was also considered.
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1.3.2
1.4
January 2018
The requirements of this standard reflect tests and practices used to examine characteristics of vertical shaft,
turbine type, barrel centrifugal fire pumps for the purpose of obtaining Approval. Vertical shaft, turbine type,
barrel centrifugal fire pumps having characteristics not anticipated by this standard may be Approved if
performance equal, or superior, to that required by this standard is demonstrated, or if the intent of the standard
is met. Alternatively, vertical shaft, turbine type, barrel centrifugal fire pumps which meet all of the requirements
identified in this standard may not be FM Approved if other conditions which adversely affect performance exist
or if the intent of this standard is not met.
Basis for FM Approval
Approval is based upon satisfactory evaluation of the product and the manufacturer in the following major areas:
1.4.1
Examination and tests on production samples shall be performed to evaluate
•
•
•
1.4.2
1.5
An examination of the manufacturing facilities and audit of quality control procedures shall be made to evaluate
the manufacturer’s ability to consistently produce the product which was examined and tested, and the marking
procedures used to identify the product. These examinations are repeated as part of FM Approvals’ product
follow-up program.
Basis for Continued Approval
1.5.1
Continued Approval is based upon:
•
•
•
•
•
•
1.5.2
1.6
The suitability of the product, (as described in Section 1.1.1);
The performance of the product as specified by the manufacturer and required by FM Approvals; and as far
as practical,
The durability and reliability of the product.
Production or availability of the product as currently FM Approved;
The continued use of acceptable quality assurance procedures;
Satisfactory field experience;
Compliance with the terms stipulated in the Master Agreement;
Satisfactory re-examination of production samples for continued conformity to requirements; and
Satisfactory Surveillance Audits conducted as part of FM Approvals’ product follow-up program.
Also, as a condition of retaining Approval, manufacturers may not change an FM Approved product or service
without prior authorization by FM Approvals. (Refer to Section 5.1.3 for further details regarding changes.)
Effective Date
The effective date of an Approval standard mandates that all products tested for Approval after the effective date shall
satisfy the requirements of that standard. Products Approved under a previous edition shall comply with the new version
by the effective date or forfeit Approval.
The effective date of this standard is March 1, 2018 for compliance with all requirements.
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1.7
January 2018
System of Units
Units of measurement used in this Standard are United States (U.S.) customary units. These are followed by their
arithmetic equivalents in International System (SI) units, enclosed in parentheses. The first value stated shall be regarded
as the requirement. The converted equivalent value may be approximate. Appendix A lists the selected units and
conversions to SI units for measures appearing in this standard. Conversion of U.S. customary units is in accordance with
the American National Standards Institute (ANSI)/Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)/American
Society for Testing Materials (ASTM) SI 10, American National Standard for Metric Practice. Two units of measurement
(liter and bar), outside of but recognized by SI, are commonly used in international fire protection and are used in this
standard.
1.8
Normative References
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content constitutes requirements
of this document. For dated references, only the cited edition applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the
referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ANSI/American Water Works Association (AWWA) E103, Horizontal and Vertical Line-Shaft Pumps
ANSI/IEEE/ASTM SI 10, American National Standard for Metric Practice
International Electro-technical Commission (IEC) 60034-1, Rotating electrical machines - Part 1: Rating and
performance
National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA) Standard MG 1, Motors and Generators
1.9
Definitions
For purposes of this standard, the following terms apply:
Accepted
This term refers to installations acceptable to the authority enforcing the applicable installation rules. When the
authority is FM Global, such locations are termed “FM Global Accepted.” Acceptance is based upon an overall
evaluation of the installation. Factors other than the use of FM Approved equipment impact upon the decision to
accept, or not to accept. Acceptance is not a characteristic of a product. It is installation specific. A product accepted
for one installation may not be acceptable elsewhere. (Contrast with FM Approved.)
Bowl Assembly
The actual pumping component which develops the necessary pressure and flow rate. The pump assembly may consist
of one or more stages, or bowl assemblies.
Cavitation
A reduction of pressure within a pump that causes water vaporization. Cavitation reduces a pump’s performance and
can damage the pump impeller.
Characteristic Curve
Graphic representation of the variation of the pump’s total head, efficiency and brake horsepower versus the pump’s
capacity at a constant speed.
Column Pipe
The pipe which suspends the pump bowl assembly from the head assembly and serves as a conductor for the water
from the pump bowl assembly to the discharge head.
Corrosion Resistant
Having resistance to corrosion equal to or exceeding that of bronze alloy having a minimum copper content of
80 percent, or being of Series 300 Stainless Steel construction.
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Datum
The elevation of the surface from which the pump head or baseplate is supported.
Design Working Pressure
The maximum pressure for which a pump component is designed. This pressure is equal to or greater than the
maximum pressure developed by the pump at shut off or churn conditions with the largest impeller available, and at
maximum speed plus the maximum suction pressure for the pump.
Discharge Head
A part of the pump assembly which supports the driver, pump, and column; aligns the driver and pump; seals the
pumped water from atmosphere; and changes the vertical flow to a horizontal direction.
Efficiency
The ratio of the energy delivered by the pump to the energy supplied to the pump shaft (liquid power divided by
applied power).
Enclosed Impeller
An impeller in which the pumped liquid is confined by the sidewalls (shrouds) and vanes of the impeller. All impellers
supplied in accordance with this Approval standard shall be of this type.
Fire Pump Alternate Manufacturing Location
A location that manufactures a complete pump to the design requirements of the Fire Pump Manufacturer (OEM) or
modifies (i.e. trimming of a pump impeller) an OEM supplied (bare-shafted) fire pump.
The Fire Pump Alternate Manufacturing Location may be an alternate facility owned and operated by the OEM or a
facility owned by others that performs the complete, or partial, manufacturing of the complete fire pump and/or
package under direct control of the OEM.
Fire Pump Manufacturer
The manufacturer of the FM Approved fire pump, is also referred to as the Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM)
of the fire pump.
Fire Pump Package
An assembled fire pump, driver, controller and components, see Appendix D, necessary to provide a complete pump
installation, as detailed in FM Global Property Loss Prevention Data Sheets.
Fire Pump Packager
The Fire Pump Manufacturer can delegate, through a legal agreement, the function of assembling the fire pump
package to a third party known as the fire pump packager. Alternatively, or in addition to, a Fire Pump Packager may
package or just distribute complete private labeled fire pump packages.
The Fire Pump Packager may be a facility owned and operated by the Fire Pump Manufacturer or a facility owned by
others that performs the assembly of the complete fire pump package under direct control of the OEM.
Fire Pump Private Labeler
A company, other than the Fire Pump Manufacturer (OEM), that has a legal agreement with the OEM whereby the
pump is manufactured and labeled by the OEM in the name of the Private Labeler.
In order to enter into a Fire Pump Private Label agreement, a Fire Pump Private Labeler must be one of the following
entities:
• Fire Pump Manufacturer
• Fire Pump Alternate Manufacturer
• Fire Pump Packager
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Flexible coupling
A device used to connect a driver to a pump; it can compensate for small misalignments and dampen vibration.
FM Approvals Certification Mark
The FM Approvals Certification Mark is detailed in Appendix B. Their use is mandatory on all units of FM Approved
vertical shaft, turbine type, barrel centrifugal fire pumps. These registered marks cannot be used except as authorized
by FM Approvals via the granting of Approval to a specific product.
FM Approved
This term refers to products FM Approved by FM Approvals. Such products are listed in the Approval Guide, a
publication of FM Approvals, issued three times per year. All products so listed have been successfully examined by
FM Approvals, and their manufacturers have signed and returned a Master Agreement to FM Approvals. These forms
obligate the manufacturer to allow re-examination of the product and surveillance audit at FM Approval’s discretion.
It further requires the manufacturer not to deviate from the FM Approved configuration of the product without review
by and agreement of FM Approvals.
Hollow Shaft
Pertains to the hollow drive shaft of electric motors or right angle gear drives. The hollow drive shaft is designed to
accept the solid line shaft. This design facilitates impeller adjustment within the bowl assembly and the installation
of a non-reverse ratchet into the motor or gear drive.
Line Shaft
A shaft which transmits the power from the driver to the pump shaft. Line shafts can be either of the open, water
lubricated, or enclosed, oil lubricated, type.
Mass Elastic Torsional Analysis
An engineering analysis conducted for the purpose of identifying and eliminating damaging torsional forces and linear
resonant frequencies from the operating speed range of rotating equipment.
Maximum Power
The greatest speed-corrected power required to drive the pump at rated speed and at any point along its characteristic
curve, and through the pumps total run out condition. This is determined under conditions of increasing positive
suction head.
Minimum Submergence
The minimum depth of water required for proper pump operation, as specified by the manufacturer.
Multiple Stage Pumps
Vertical shaft, turbine type, barrel centrifugal fire pumps with more than one impeller and bowl on the same shaft.
The number of stages is determined by the number of impellers.
Non-reverse Ratchet
A mechanism installed as an integral part of the hollow shaft electric motor or hollow shaft right angle gear drive to
prevent reverse rotation of the pump driver assembly.
Oil Lubricated Pump
A design in which the shaft is enclosed in a tube and the shaft bearings are lubricated by oil.
Overall Length
The length from the datum to the bottom of the strainer.
Rated Capacity
Rate at which water is delivered, in gal/min (L/min), at rated pressure and rated speed.
Rated Pressure
Pressure in pounds per square inch - psi (kilopascals -kPa) developed by the pump when operating at the
manufacturer’s requested speed and capacity.
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Setting
The nominal vertical distance in feet (meters) from the datum to the column pipe connection at the bowl assembly.
Service factor
A multiplier that, when applied to the rated horsepower of an ac motor, indicates a permissible horsepower loading
that can be carried at the rated voltage, frequency, and temperature. The service factor multiplier (e.g., 1.15) indicates
that the motor is permitted to be overloaded 1.15 times the rated horsepower without insulation breakdown or
otherwise significantly reducing service life.
Shutoff or Churn Pressure
The net pressure in psi (kPa) developed by the pump at rated speed with zero flow.
Single Stage Pump
A pump in which the total head is developed by one impeller.
Total Discharge Head
The gauge reading in psi (kPa) at the discharge of the pump, referred to the pump centerline, plus the velocity head
at the point of gauge attachment, plus the elevation difference between the discharge gauge centerline and the sump
water level.
Total Suction Head
The vertical distance in feet (meter) from the water surface to the datum.
Water Lubricated Pump
A design in which the shaft is open and the shaft bearings are lubricated by the pumped water.
2
GENERAL INFORMATION
2.1
Product Information
2.1.1
Pumps covered by this Standard include those designed for one of the following capacities: 25, 50, 100, 150,
200, 250, 300, 400, 450, 500, 750, 1000, 1250, 1500, 2000, 2500, 3000, 3500, 4000, 4500, 5000 gal/min (95,
190, 380, 570, 755, 945, 1135, 1515, 1705, 1895, 2840, 3785, 4730, 5680, 7570, 9465, 11 355, 13 250, 15 140,
17 035, 18 925 L/min) or larger. Pumps designed for other rated capacities shall be evaluated on a case-by-case
basis.
2.1.2
Pumps shall have a minimum rated discharge pressure, (total discharge head), of 40 psi (275 kPa).
2.1.3
In order to meet the intent of this standard, vertical shaft, turbine type, barrel centrifugal fire pumps must be
examined on a model-by-model, type-by-type, manufacturer-by-manufacturer, and plant-by-plant basis. This is
predicated on the basis that identical designs, fabricated in identical materials by different manufacturers or, even
by different plants of the same manufacturer, have been seen to perform differently in testing. Sample fire pumps,
selected in conformance to this criterion, shall satisfy all of the requirements of this standard.
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2.2
January 2018
Approval Application Requirements
To apply for an Approval examination the manufacturer, or its authorized representative, should submit a request to
information@fmapprovals.com.
The manufacturer shall provide the following preliminary information with any request for Approval consideration:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
2.3
A complete list of all models, types, sizes, and options for the products or services being submitted for Approval
consideration;
Anticipated pump performance, including total head, power requirements, and efficiency versus flow characteristics.
If different impellers or a range of impellers are used to obtain the rated head range for the pump being examined,
complete details shall be provided concerning the range of performance specifications to be evaluated, including
maximum and minimum characteristic curves for each rated speed;
The pump manufacturer shall, for each model pump, conduct performance tests prior to the Approval program on
minimum and maximum impeller diameters. Suction pressure shall be sufficient to determine maximum power
requirements. The maximum horsepower measured shall be used to size the electric motor(s) for Approval tests and,
ultimately, for site installation. Performance curves of the total head and power versus flow shall be drawn from the
data from these tests and submitted to FM Approvals prior to scheduling the witnessed Approval tests.
Motor specifications for each motor used, including power rating, speed, frame size, radial thrust capacity, shaft
deflection versus radial thrust, minimum shaft fatigue lift, maximum shaft runout, and minimum “L-10" bearing life;
Calculations to determine shaft size, shaft runout, stuffing box runout, shaft deflection, and casing bolt size;
General assembly drawings (showing the pump and attachments), one complete set of manufacturing drawings,
materials list(s) and physical property specifications (such as ASTM A48 CL 40 - Cast Iron), anticipated marking
format, brochures, sales literature, specification sheets, installation, operation and maintenance procedures;
The number and location of manufacturing facilities; and,
All documents shall identify the manufacturer’s name, document number or other form of reference, title, date of last
revision, and revision level. All foreign language documents shall be provided with English translation.
Requirements for Samples for Examination
Following set-up and authorization of an Approval examination, the manufacturer shall submit samples for examination
and testing. Sample requirements are to be determined by FM Approvals following review of the preliminary information.
Sample requirements may vary depending on design features, results of prior testing, and results of the foregoing tests. It
is the manufacturer’s responsibility to submit samples representative of production. Any decision to use data generated
utilizing prototypes is at the discretion of FM Approvals. The manufacturer shall provide the test facilities, which are
required to evaluate the vertical shaft, turbine type, barrel centrifugal fire pumps.
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3
GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
3.1
Review of Documentation
During the initial investigation and prior to physical testing, the manufacturer's specifications, technical data sheets, and
design details shall be reviewed to assess the ease and practicality of installation and use. The product shall be capable of
being used within the limits of the Approval investigation.
3.2
Physical or Structural Features
3.2.1
Pump
Pumps shall be designed for flow rates equal to or greater than 25 gal/min (95 L/min). Rated pump discharge
pressures shall be at least 40 psi (275 kPa). Castings shall be free of defects which could make them unfit for
their intended use. Flange dimensions, bolt layouts, and threaded openings used in pipe connections shall conform
to a recognized national or international standard. Two or more pump ratings may be assigned to a single
characteristic curve; however, the maximum power requirements used in selecting a driver shall be based on the
highest power requirement, regardless of where it occurs on the entire characteristic curve.
3.2.2
Discharge Head
The discharge head shall be designed to support and align the driver, bowl assembly, shaft, column pipe, and
suction strainer. The discharge head shall redirect the vertical flow to a horizontal direction and, as a minimum,
shall contain a stuffing box and packing to seal around the drive shaft and to prevent pumped water from entering
the driver assembly. Either surface or underground discharge heads are acceptable. If underground head is
provided, access to the shaft seal stuffing box must be available for maintenance.
3.2.3
Water Passages
All water passages shall be designed to minimize the possibility of foreign materials becoming lodged in them.
The minimum width of these passages at the periphery or at any point within the impeller shall be at least 1/4 in.
(6 mm) for pumps having rated capacities less than 100 gal/min (380 L/min). Passages in pumps having rated
capacities of 100 to less than 500 gal/min (380 to 1895 L/min) shall be at least 3/8 in. (10 mm). Passages in
pumps rated 500 gal/min (1895 L/min) and larger shall be at least.1/2 in. (13 mm).
3.2.4
Bowls
For oil-lubricated pumps and shafts, the discharge bowl shall have a seal to minimize the leakage of water into
the shaft enclosing tube and shall have bypass ports of sufficient area to permit the escape of water which may
leak through the seal or bushing. Bowl wear rings shall be provided.
3.2.5
Impeller
Impellers shall be securely attached in an axial direction to the pump shaft. No impeller shall contact the bowl
under operating conditions. Impellers shall be the enclosed type. A suitable adjustable mechanism to achieve the
proper axial position of the impeller with respect to the bowl shall be provided. Impellers shall be dynamically
balanced per ISO 1940-1:2003, balance quality grade G6.3, or equivalent. Impellers shall be securely fastened
by left-hand threaded nut or other suitable method to prevent the impeller from loosening from the impeller shaft.
Impellers shall be keyed and/or set screwed to prevent rotation in relation to the shaft.
3.2.6
Column Pipe
Column pipe shall be of adequate size and strength to withstand the forces and stresses imposed during all pump
operating conditions. To facilitate maintenance and repair, column piping is to be supplied in interchangeable
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lengths not exceeding 10 ft. (3.1 m) and coordinated with the line shaft bearing spacings discussed in Section
3.2.10. Column pipe connections shall provide accurate alignment and adequate water tightness. This can be
accomplished by using threaded sleeve type, flange type, or equivalent couplings.
3.2.7
Shaft
The shaft (and shaft extension and coupling, when used) shall be of adequate design to successfully transmit the
torques encountered in starting and during operation while supporting the impellers and other rotating parts.
Calculations shall be submitted to FM Approvals as part of the drawing review process. The electric motor
manufacturer’s data shall be reviewed to evaluate the motor shaft’s size and strength.
In order to safeguard against shaft failure, the maximum combined shear stress, as calculated by the following
formula, that occurs in the shaft shall not exceed 30 percent of the minimum allowable tensile yield strength
value of the shaft material and 18 percent of the minimum allowable ultimate tensile strength value of the shaft
material. For shafts with keyways, a further 25 percent reduction in the allowable stresses is required.
The following formula for calculating the combined shear stress is taken from ANSI/AWWA E103, Horizontal
and Vertical Line-Shaft Pumps.
English
2
 2f 
 321,000 P 
S=  2 +

 πD 
 ND 3 
Where:
SfNDP-
Metric
2
2
 2f 
 46,835 P 
S = 1 × 10 6  2  + 

 πD 
 ND 3 
2
Combined shear stress, psi (kPa)
Total axial thrust at shutoff, including the weight of the shaft and all rotating parts supported by it,
pounds (newtons)
Rated speed, r/min
Shaft diameter at the root of the threads or the minimum diameter of any undercut, in. (mm), if smaller
Maximum power, horsepower (watts)
Renewable shaft sleeves shall be provided, regardless of the shaft material, at bearing surfaces to adequately
safeguard the shaft against wear, erosion, and corrosion. Shaft sleeves shall be of a hard bronze or other corrosion
resistant material.
Line shafts shall be furnished in interchangeable and uniform sections not exceeding 10 ft. (3.1 m) in length.
3.2.8
Line Shaft Couplings
In order to reduce the effect of galvanic action between two unlike materials, line shaft sections shall be connected
by left-hand threaded couplings or keyway couplings, composed of a material similar or superior to those of the
line shafts. Coupling threads shall not be tapered and shall tighten during pump operation. Calculations shall be
submitted to FM Approvals as part of the drawing review process.
The maximum combined shear stress in the coupling shall not exceed 20 percent of the minimum allowable
tensile yield strength value of the coupling material or be more than 12 percent of the minimum allowable ultimate
tensile strength value of the coupling material. The following formula for calculating the combined shear stress
is taken from ANSI/AWWA E103, Horizontal and Vertical Line-Shaft Pumps.
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English
2


 321,000 P 
2f
S= 
+
2
2 
3
3 
π ( D − d ) 
 N (D − d ) 
Where:
Sf-
2
2
S = 1 × 10
6
 46,835 P 


2f
+

3 
3
2 
2
 N (D − d ) 
π ( D − d ) 
2
combined shear stress, psi (kPa)
Total axial thrust at shutoff, including the weight of the shaft and all rotating parts supported by it,
pounds (newtons)
Rated speed, r/min
outside diameter of the coupling, in. (mm)
inside diameter of the coupling at the root of the threads, in. (mm)
Maximum power, horsepower (watts)
NDdP3.2.9
Metric
Shaft Seals
The shaft seal shall adequately safeguard against excessive water leakage out of the pump when suction pressure
is above atmospheric.
Note:
3.2.10
Mechanical seals, in their present state of design, are not acceptable due to potential for damage due to
sticking of the sliding surfaces after prolonged periods of non-operation, and other unfavorable wear
characteristics.
Line Shaft Bearings
3.2.10.1
Water Lubricated Pumps
In order to insure adequate centering of the line shaft within the column, bearings shall be spaced no
more than 10 ft. (3.1 m) apart. These bearings shall be lubricated by the pumped water.
3.2.10.2
Oil Lubricated Pumps
The line shaft bearings which are an integral part of the couplings for the shaft-enclosing tube shall
be spaced no more than 5 ft. (1.5 m) apart. These bearings shall be lubricated by the oil within the
shaft-enclosing tube.
To provide adequate durability, anti-friction bearings shall have the following features:
•
•
•
3.2.11
A minimum calculated life rating of not less than 5000 hours at maximum applied load. Axial loads shall
be incorporated into the bearing calculations. Calculations shall be submitted to FM Approvals as part of the
drawing review process;
Arrangement to float axially on one or both ends; and,
Lubrication by the pumped water in open line shafts, or lubrication by the oil within the enclosed line shafts.
Shaft Enclosing Tube
Pumps of the enclosed line shaft, oil lubricated type shall be furnished with a shaft-enclosing tube of Schedule
80 or heavier steel pipe in interchangeable sections of not more than 5 ft. (1.5 m) in length. The enclosing tube
shall be adequately supported within the column pipe.
3.2.12
Driver Connection
Vertical turbine pumps shall be designed to be driven by a vertical hollow shaft electric motor or with an
Approved vertical hollow shaft right angle gear drive, with diesel engine or steam turbine driver. For dieseldriven vertical turbine pumps, a mass elastic torsional analysis of the system (engine, coupling, gear drive, and
FM APPROVALS
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January 2018
pump) shall be conducted to ensure there are no damaging stresses or critical speeds in the range of 25 percent
above and below the operating speed of the system components. Selection of flexible driveshaft shall be based
on rating of the driver and not the pump.
The FM Approved gear drive shall be sized so both the maximum power required by the pump and the maximum
thrust forces generated by the pump are less than or equal to the gear drive nameplate rating.
3.2.13
Non-Reverse Ratchets
Although non-reverse ratchets are not a part of the pump itself, Approved pumps must be suitable for use with
hollow shaft electric motors or right angle gear drives which have integral non-reverse ratchets, in accordance
with Section 3.2.12 (Driver Connection).
3.2.14
Rated Speed
The rated speed of the pump shall not exceed 1800 r/min under any condition. Increased speeds could accentuate
imbalances within rotating parts and could result in a decrease of system reliability.
3.2.15
Strainers
There are two types of strainers normally used with vertical turbine fire pumps, a basket strainer that is connected
to the suction bell, or a conical strainer that is connected to a suction tail pipe. Either the basket or the conical
strainer shall have a free area of at least 400 percent of the internal cross section area of the suction tail pipe. For
pumps 500 gal/min (1895 L/min) and larger the openings shall be small enough to restrict the passage of a sphere
1⁄2 in. (13 mm) in diameter. Other sizes shall be evaluated on a case by case basis. The strainer shall be fabricated
from non-ferrous material.
3.3
Pump Package
The manufacturer of the pump shall be able to supply the necessary pump accessories (See Appendix D) to provide a
complete pump installation, as detailed in FM Global Property Loss Prevention Data Sheets. The pump manufacturer shall
be held accountable for the complete pump package (as detailed in Appendix D), and satisfactory performance of the
“Field Acceptance Test” for any pump bearing the FM Approvals Certification Mark. This responsibility includes control
for: design, component sourcing, manufacturing, certification testing, production testing, proper operation and sizing of
the pump and the accessories (Appendix D), quality control, and assembly locations.
This responsibility may be delegated to an alternate manufacturing location or an audited pump packaging location. This
delegation does not relieve the pump manufacturer of their accountability and responsibility for the satisfactory
performance of the complete pump package.
For details and responsibilities see Appendix D and Fire Pump Package Requirements at:
http://www.fmapprovals.com/~/media/Files/FM%20Approvals/Guidelines/Fire-Pump-Packages-Requirements.pdf
FM Approved Fire Pumps shall be manufactured or packaged at the location(s) audited by FM Approvals and as
specified in the FM Approval Report.
3.4
Electric Motor
3.4.1
The electric motor shall be provided as an integral part of the pumping unit. Drivers shall be electric motors
designed per NEMA MG 1, the IEC 60034-1, or equivalent. Functionally equivalent motors designed per other
standards will be considered for Approval on a case-by-case basis. The manufacturer shall specify which standard
is to be referenced, and certify that the motor used is in compliance with said standard, providing any supporting
documentation requested by FM Approvals to verify compliance.
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3.5
January 2018
3.4.2
The motor shall be sized (in horsepower or kilowatts) such that the maximum motor current in any phase under
any anticipated condition of pump load and voltage unbalance does not exceed the motor rated full-load current
multiplied by the motor service factor.
3.4.3
Electric motors for fire pump service require a winding insulation temperature rating of NEMA/IEC Class B
266°F (130°C) or greater.
3.4.4
To protect against water ingress, electric motors for fire pump service require minimum rating equivalent to a
NEMA open drip poof type or have a minimum IEC rating of IP22.
3.4.5
Eyebolts or equivalent lifting points shall be provided on the electric motor to lift the motor safely. Strength
calculations for lifting mechanism shall be provided.
Materials
All materials used in these fire pumps shall be suitable for the intended application. At a minimum, the impellers, impeller
collet nut, bowl wear rings, water-seal rings, stuffing box gland, gland nut, shaft sleeve, suction strainer, and interior bolts
or screws shall be constructed of corrosion resistant materials. When casings and impellers are cast of alternate materials,
performance and/or pressure tests of sample assemblies of each material may be required.
3.6
Markings
3.6.1
A permanently-marked, legible, corrosion-resistant nameplate shall be securely attached to the pump, motor or
bedplate where it shall be easily visible. The nameplate shall include the following information:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Manufacturer’s name, and address of manufacture;
Country of manufacture (if different than above)
Model or type designation;
Rated capacity;
Rated total head;
Rated speed;
Maximum power required;
Impeller diameter(s);
Number of stages;
Pump serial number;
Manufacturer and serial number of the driver;
Manufacturer and serial number of the controller; and;
FM Approvals Certification Mark, (see Appendix B).
3.6.2
Pumps that are packaged or produced at more than one location shall be identified as the product of a particular
location.
3.6.3
An arrow indicating the direction of pump rotation shall be cast into the pump casing. A corrosion resistant metal
nameplate bearing the arrow shall be considered acceptable if permanently fastened to the fire pump casing.
3.6.4
The model or type identification shall correspond with the manufacturer's catalog designation and shall uniquely
identify the product as FM Approved. The manufacturer shall not place this model or type identification on any
other product unless covered by a separate agreement.
3.6.5
The FM Approvals certification Mark (see Appendix B) shall be displayed visibly and permanently on the
product. The manufacturer shall not use these Marks on any other product unless such product is covered by
separate agreement with FM Approvals.
3.6.6
All markings shall be legible and durable.
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3.7
January 2018
Manufacturer's Installation and Operation Instructions
Maintenance, operation and installation instructions, including any special dimension requirements, shall be furnished by
the manufacturer. Instructions shall be provided with each fire pump. Maintenance, operation and installation instructions
shall meet FM Global Property Loss Prevention Data Sheets minimum requirements.
3.8
Calibration
All equipment used to verify the test parameters shall be calibrated within an interval determined on the basis of stability,
purpose, and usage of the equipment. A copy of the calibration certificate for each piece of test equipment is required for
FM Approvals records, indicating that the calibration was performed against working standards whose calibration is
certified as traceable to the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) or to other acceptable reference
standards and certified by an ISO 17025 accredited calibration laboratory. The test equipment must be clearly identified
by label or sticker showing a unique control number, the last date of the calibration and the next due date. A copy of the
calibration service’s accreditation certificate as an ISO 17025, "General Requirements for the Competence of Testing and
Calibration Laboratories", calibration laboratory is required for FM Approvals records.
The calibration of recently purchased new equipment is also required. Documentation indicating either the date of purchase
or date of shipment, equipment description, model and serial number is required for identification. The period from the
time the equipment was put into service to the date of testing must be within an interval that does not require the equipment
to be calibrated as determined on the basis of the parameters mentioned above.
3.9
Tolerances
Tolerances on units of measure shall be as described in Appendix E, unless otherwise specified.
4
PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS
4.1
Design and Calculation Review
4.1.1
Requirement
The pump shall conform to the manufacturer’s drawings and specifications and to FM Approvals design and
calculation requirements stated in Section 3.
4.1.2
Test/Verification
A sample pump shall be examined and compared to drawings and specifications. It shall be verified that the
sample conforms to the physical and structural requirements described in Section 3, General Requirements.
The following calculations shall be reviewed and compared to the requirements stated in Section 3:
•
•
•
•
•
•
Maximum torsional shearing stress;
Casing bolt strength;
Axial Loads;
Bearing life calculations;
Shaft deflection and impeller clearance/interference;
Radial load calculations
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4.2
January 2018
Performance
4.2.1
Requirements
The pump shall develop its rated pressure when delivering its rated capacity.
The pump shall develop at least 65 percent of its rated pressure while delivering 150 percent of the rated capacity.
The pump shall not exceed 140 percent of its rated pressure at any point along its characteristic curve (pressure
vs. flow), including the shutoff point. The shutoff head shall not be less than 99 percent of the maximum head.
The maximum power required shall be determined.
4.2.2
Test/Verification
At least one sample of each rated capacity shall be tested. If one or more impellers, having a range of impeller
diameters, or stages are used to obtain the desired head range for the pump, the minimum and maximum stages
and impeller diameters of each type shall be tested. Intermediate stages or impeller diameters may be tested at
the discretion of FM Approvals.
The pump shall be operated at various flow rates to generate total head, power, and efficiency curves.
Performance test shall be conducted at the minimum submergence recommended by the manufacturer. At each
flow the total head, power required, and speed shall be measured. A minimum of nine flow readings shall be
taken to generate the curve. Three of the flow readings shall be in close proximity to 150 percent of rated flow,
with the 150 percent point within the span of these points. All measured test speeds must be ±4 percent of the
requested rated speed. In order to develop characteristic curves, test data shall be corrected to rated speed by
means of the affinity relationships.
A total suction head adequate to produce the maximum power requirement for the pump shall be provided.
Maximum power is the greatest power required to drive the pump at any point along its characteristic curve,
noted by a gradual decline or leveling off in power.
4.3
Flange and Gasket Tightness
4.3.1
Requirement
No leakage, except at the shaft packing, shall be observed in a 5 minute test when hydrostatically tested at the
required pressure.
4.3.2
Test/Verification
A sample pump assembly, (bowls, column pipe and discharge head) of each model and material shall be
hydrostatically tested to a pressure equal to, or greater than, twice the design working pressure or 250 psi (1725
kPa), whichever is greater. The design working pressure is the highest shutoff pressure obtained in testing the
range of impeller diameters, stages and speeds submitted for Approval. The test pressure shall be held for five
minutes. Bowl bolts, gaskets and sealants normally provided shall be used for this test. In no case shall the test
be run at a pressure less than 250 psi (1725 kPa).
4.4
Hydrostatic Strength
4.4.1
Requirements
No rupture, cracking or permanent distortion of any part of the pump shall be observed in a 5 minute test when
hydrostatically tested at the required pressure.
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4.4.2
January 2018
Tests/Verification
A sample pump assembly, (bowls, column pipe and discharge head) of each model and material shall be
hydrostatically tested to a pressure equal to, or greater than, three times the design working pressure or 400 psi
(2760 kPa), whichever is greater. The design working pressure is the highest shutoff pressure obtained in testing
the range of impeller diameters, stages and speeds submitted for Approval. The test pressure shall be held for
five minutes. In no case shall the test be run at a pressure less than 400 psi (2760 kPa).
4.5
Barrel Hydrostatic Strength
4.5.1
Requirements
No rupture, cracking or permanent distortion of the pump barrel shall be observed in a 5 minute test when
hydrostatically tested at twice the maximum suction design pressure.
4.5.2
Tests/Verification
A sample pump barrel of each model and material shall be hydrostatically tested to a pressure equal to, or greater
than, two times the maximum suction design pressure or 400 psi (2760 kPa), whichever is greater. The maximum
suction design pressure is the maximum pressure developed by the pump at rated capacity in testing the range of
impeller diameters, stages and speeds submitted for Approval. The test pressure shall be held for five minutes.
In no case shall the test be run at a pressure less than 400 psi (2760 kPa).
4.6
Test Procedure
Pump testing shall be performed by the manufacturer at the manufacturing facility. FM Approvals shall witness the testing
and obtain copies of the data and calibration certificates. The range of tests to be conducted shall be specified by FM
Approvals. Test procedures shall be in accordance with recommendations of the Hydraulic Institute Standards, Standard
for Centrifugal, Rotary and Reciprocating Pumps (Appendix C) or other national or international standards.
4.7
Additional Tests
Additional tests may be required, depending on design features, results of any tests, material application, or to verify the
integrity and reliability of the fire pumps, at the discretion of FM Approvals.
Unexplainable failures shall not be permitted. A re-test shall only be acceptable at the discretion of FM Approvals and
with adequate technical justification of the conditions and reasons for failure.
5
OPERATIONS REQUIREMENTS
A quality control program is required to assure that subsequent in-line type centrifugal fire pumps produced by the
manufacturer at an authorized location, shall present the same quality and reliability as the specific in-line type centrifugal
fire pumps examined. Design quality, conformance to design, and performance are the areas of primary concern. Design
quality is determined during the Approval examination and tests, and is covered in the Approval Report. Conformance to
design is verified by control of quality and is covered in the Surveillance Audit Program. Quality of performance is
determined by field performances and by periodic re-examination and testing. A review of the documented quality
program will be conducted. This quality program must demonstrate capacity for continuous improvement (i.e.,
incorporation of feedback from "lessons learned") and executive commitment/support.
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5.1
January 2018
Demonstrated Quality Control Program
5.1.1
The manufacturer shall demonstrate a quality assurance program which specifies controls for at least the
following areas:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
5.1.2
Existence of corporate quality assurance guidelines;
Incoming quality assurance, including testing;
In-process quality assurance, including testing;
Final inspection and tests;
Equipment calibration;
Drawing and change control;
Packaging and shipping; and,
Handling and disposition of non-conformance materials.
In order to assure adequate traceability of materials and products, the manufacturer shall maintain records of
all quality control tests performed, for a minimum period of two years from the date of manufacture.
Documentation/Manual
There should be an authoritative collection of procedures and policies. Such documentation shall provide an
accurate description of the quality management system while serving as a permanent reference for
implementation and maintenance of that system. The system should require that sufficient records are maintained
to demonstrate achievement of the required quality and verify operation of the quality system.
5.1.3
Drawing and Change Control
•
•
•
The manufacturer shall establish a system of product configuration control that shall allow no unauthorized
changes to the product. Changes to critical documents, identified in the Approval Report, must be reported
to, and authorized by, FM Approvals prior to implementation for production.
The manufacturer shall assign an appropriate person or group to be responsible for, and require that, proposed
changes to FM Approved or Listed products be reported to FM Approvals before implementation. The
manufacturer shall notify FM Approvals of changes in the product or of persons responsible for keeping FM
Approvals advised by means of FM Approvals’ Revision Request, FM Approvals Approved
Products/Specification-Tested Revision Request form.
Records of all revisions to all FM Approved products shall be maintained.
5.1.3.1 The table below has been included as a guide to manufacturers of what is considered to be a significant
change to FM Approvals. To facilitate the Approval of significant changes, modifications that fit this
category shall be documented by means of a letter stating the change, and requesting a quotation for an
Approval examination.
Modification
Description/ Example
Change in speed rating: • The product was originally FM Approved at 1500 rpm and now is to
be evaluated at 1800 rpm
Change in Allowed • The product was originally FM Approved for 1 through 4 stages, and
Impeller Sizes:
now is to be evaluated with 5 stages
Addition or relocation of • The product was originally FM Approved when made in location A,
the manufacturing
and now it is desired to make the same product in locations A and B,
location:
or in location B only.
Changes to Critical • Modifications that would have an effect on the ability of the product to
Dimensions:
maintain the same performance as the originally FM Approved
product. An example of this would be a reduction impeller size, or
casing wall thickness.
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5.1.3.2 The table below has been included as a guide to manufacturers of modifications which may be submitted
on the FM Approvals Approved Products/Specification-Tested Revision Request Form.
Modification
Description/Example
Change in Company • Contact Name, Title, Phone Number, FAX Number, Office Address,
Contact Information:
Company Name
Updating of Drawings: • Minor dimensional changes, or note changes, Re-creation of old
drawing on CAD
Change in material or • Where new material is superior, or to show proposed new marking
marking:
5.1.3.3 For the instances where the modification is difficult to categorize, manufacturers are encouraged to
contact FM Approvals and to discuss the nature of the proposed change, and how to send the information
to FM Approvals. The examples shown in Sections 5.1.3.1 and 5.1.3.2 are based on common examples
of modifications as they relate to the manufacture of vertical shaft-turbine, barrel type centrifugal fire
pumps.
5.1.3.4 FM Approvals, at its sole discretion, shall determine when additional testing is necessary to validate
proposed changes.
5.2
5.3
Surveillance Audit Program
5.2.1
An audit of the manufacturing facility is part of the Approval investigation to verify implementation of the quality
control program. Its purpose is to determine that the manufacturer's equipment, procedures, and quality program
are maintained to insure a consistently uniform and reliable product. Initial inspections of facilities already
producing similar products may be waived at the discretion of FM Approvals.
5.2.2
Audits are conducted at a quarterly frequency or more frequently dependent on jurisdictional requirements for
all locations producing or packaging FM Approved fire pumps in accordance with FM Approvals’ Surveillance
Audit program.
5.2.3
The Fire Pump Manufacturer shall maintain design/documentation control, and manufacture FM Approved Fire
Pumps only at the location(s) audited by FM Approvals and as specified in the Approval Report. Manufacture
of products bearing the FM Approval’s Certification Mark is not permitted at any other locations without prior
written authorization by FM Approvals.
5.2.4
The OEM is responsible to rectify any non-conformances discovered at the Alternate Manufacturing and/or the
Fire Pump Packager facility to the satisfaction of FM Approvals.
Manufacturer's Responsibilities
The manufacturer shall notify FM Approvals of changes in product construction, design, components, raw materials,
physical characteristics, coatings, component formulation or quality assurance procedures prior to implementation of such
changes.
The electric motor is an integral part of the pump assembly and changes to the design of the electric motor will possibly
affect the performance of the pump. The pump manufacturer shall institute a quality control program sufficient to discover
any changes to motor shaft or bearing design that could affect the pump performance. FM Approvals shall evaluate said
program and judge its adequacy. An acceptable program shall include procedures to prohibit the shipment of any pump
assemblies incorporating revised motor designs prior to notification to and their acceptance by FM Approvals.
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5.4
January 2018
Manufacturing and Production Tests
5.4.1
Test Requirement No. 1 - Performance Test
The manufacturer shall performance test 100 percent of production fire pumps, recording flow, total head, speed
and power consumed at a minimum of six points spanning from shut off to beyond 1.5 times rated flow. All
measured test speeds shall be within ±4 percent of the rated speed. In order to develop the characteristic curve,
test data shall be corrected to rated speed by means of the affinity relationship. This corrected curve shall be
supplied with the pump.
5.4.2
Test Requirement No. 2 - Hydrostatic Test
The manufacturer shall test 100 percent of production fire pumps for body leakage to 1.5 times the maximum
design working pressure, but not less than 250 psi (1725 kPa). The pressure shall be held for a minimum of five
minutes with no objectionable leakage (except at the shaft packing), at any joint. Pump casing distortion or
leakage is not allowed.
5.4.3
Test Requirement No. 2 - Torsional Analysis (Diesel-Driven Vertical Turbine Pumps Only)
For diesel-driven vertical turbine pumps, a mass elastic torsional analysis of the system (engine, coupling, gear
drive, and pump) shall be conducted to ensure there are no damaging stresses or critical speeds in the range of
25 percent above and below the operating speed of the system components.
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APPENDIX A: Units of Measurement
FLOW:
FORCE:
LENGTH:
POWER:
PRESSURE:
gal/min - “gallons per minute”; (L/min - “liters per minute”)
L/min = gal/min x 3.785
lbf - “pound-force”; (N - “Newton”)
N = 4.44822 x lbf
kgf - kilogram force”; (N - “Newton”)
N = 9.80665 x kgf
in. - “inches”; (mm - “millimeters”)
mm = in. x 25.4
hp - “horsepower”; (kW - “kilowatt”)
kW = hp x 0.7457
psi - “pounds per square inch”; (kPa - “kilopascals”)
kPa = psi x 6.895
in. of Hg - “inches of mercury”
psi = in. of Hg (mercury) x 0.491
bar - “bar”; (kPa - “kilopascals”)
bar = kPa x 0.01
bar = psi x 0.06895
ROTATIONAL SPEED:
rpm - “revolutions per minute”; (same in SI Units)
TEMPERATURE:
°F - “degrees Fahrenheit”; (°C - “degrees Celsius”)
°C = (°F -32) x 0.556
TORQUE:
ft•lbf - “foot pound-force”; (N•m - “Newton-meters”)
N•m = ft•lbf x 1.356
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APPENDIX B: FM Approvals Certification Marks
FM Approvals certifications marks are to be used only in conjunction with products or services that have been FM Approved by
FM Approvals and in adherence with usage guidelines.
FM APPROVED mark:
Authorized by FM Approvals as a certification mark for any product that has been FM
Approved. There is no minimum size requirement for the mark, but it must be large enough to
be readily identifiable. The mark should be produced in black on a light background, or in
reverse on a dark background.
FM APPROVED mark with "C" only:
Authorized by FM Approvals as a certification mark for any product that has been evaluated by
FM Approvals in accordance with Canadian codes and standards. There is no minimum size
requirement for the mark, but it must be large enough to be readily identifiable. The mark should
be produced in black on a light background, or in reverse on a dark background.
FM APPROVED mark with "C" and "US":
Authorized by FM Approvals as a certification mark for any product that has been evaluated by
FM Approvals in accordance with US and Canadian codes and standards. There is no minimum
size requirement for the mark, but it must be large enough to be readily identifiable. The mark
should be produced in black on a light background, or in reverse on a dark background.
Cast-On FM APPROVALS marks:
Where reproduction of the FM APPROVED mark described above is impossible because of
production restrictions, use these modified versions of the FM APPROVED mark. There is no
minimum size requirement for the mark, but it must be large enough to be readily identifiable.
Downloadable art and other FM Approvals resources are available by visiting our Web site at
www.fmapprovals.com
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FM Approvals Certification Marks
Usage Guidelines
 All FM Approvals certification marks are the sole
property of FM Approvals LLC (“FM Approvals”)
and are registered or the subject of applications for
registration in the United States and many other
countries. They are for use only according to these
guidelines.
 FM Approvals certification marks may be used
only on FM Approved products and related product
packaging, in advertising material, catalogs and
news releases. Use of FM Approvals certification
marks on such material is not a substitute for use of
the complete FM Approvals certification mark on
FM Approved products and/or product packaging.
 No FM Approvals certification mark or aspect
thereof may be incorporated as part of a business
name, Internet domain name, or brand
name/trademark for products/product lines. This
includes both design aspects (the FM Approvals
“diamond,” etc.) and word aspects (“FM,”
“Approved,” etc.). The use of any FM Approvals
certification mark as a trademark is strictly
prohibited.
 The Approval Standard number or class number
may not be incorporated as part of a business name,
Internet domain name, or brand name/trademark for
products/product lines. For example, a company
may not say “ABC Company’s 4100 Fire Door is
FM Approved”; the proper terminology is, “ABC
Company’s Fire Door is FM Approved per
Approval Standard 4100.”
 FM Approvals certification marks, except for the
FM Approvals Quality System Registration mark,
may
not
be
used
on
business
stationery/cards/signage because this could
mischaracterize the relationship with FM
Approvals. Additionally, these items should not
reference any FM Approvals certification mark.
 Products or services may not be marketed under any
mark or name similar to “FM Global,” “FM
Approvals” or any of the FM Approvals
certification marks. Further, products or services
may not be marketed to imply a relationship beyond
the scope of any Approval made by FM Approvals.
 When an FM Approvals certification mark is used
in advertising material or on product packaging, all
material must reflect the specific circumstances
under which the product was FM Approved. The
material must clearly differentiate between
products that are FM Approved and those that are
not, and may not, in any way, imply a more
substantial relationship with FM Approvals.
 A company may not reference the intent to submit
a product for Approval or the expectation that a
company will have a certain product FM Approved
in the future. For example, a company may not
state, “Approval by FM Approvals pending” or
“Approval by FM Approvals applied for.”
 FM Approvals certification marks should not be
preceded or followed by a qualifier that indicates a
degree of certification or acceptability. For
example, “exceeds,” “first” or “only” may not be
used to qualify any FM Approvals certification
mark.
 Only original artwork issued by FM Approvals
should be used. The FM Approvals certification
marks should not be altered in any way other than
to resize the artwork proportionately. Unacceptable
uses of the marks include, but are not limited to,
adding/deleting wording or artwork, reducing the
artwork to an illegible size, animation or distortion.
 The text of the FM Approvals certification marks
may not be translated into any language other than
English.
 FM Approvals certification marks must appear in a
size and location that is readily identifiable, but less
prominent than the name of the owner of the
certification or the manufacturer/seller/distributor
of the certified products.
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APPENDIX C: Test Procedures
There are several acceptable methods of obtaining the test data needed. In order to establish uniformity in method selection, the
following techniques, based on recommendations by the Hydraulic Institute, are listed below. For more specific information such
as test set-ups and the equations needed to compute results from raw data, reference should be made to the “Hydraulic Institute
Standards”.
C.1
Capacity Measurements
C.1.1
Weight
Scale measurements with an accuracy of ± 0.25 percent of full scale shall be obtainable.
C.1.2
Volume
Reservoir measurements with an accuracy of ± 0.5 percent of the reading shall be obtainable.
C.1.3
Venturi
A certified curve showing the calibration of the meter shall be provided. Machined tubes shall be accurate within
± 0.75 percent of the rate of flow. The size of the venturi needed shall be determined by the throat velocity. A
minimum of 20 ft/sec (6.1 m/sec) shall be affected at the venturi throat at the rated capacity of the pump.
The accuracy of the venturi meter depends upon its installation within the hydraulic system. The meter shall not
be adversely affected by improper flow conditions immediately preceding the venturi tube. Non-uniform velocity
distribution or swirling or pulsating flow will affect the value of the coefficient. Table C.1.3 shows the length of
straight pipe required ahead of the venturi tube expressed in terms of equivalent diameters.
Table C.1.3: Straight Pipe Required After Any Fitting before the Venturi Meter in Diameters of Pipe
Meter Ratio (Throat to Inlet Diameter)
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
One standard short radius elbow
1
2
3
4
Two elbows in same plane
2
3
4
6
2
3
4
5
Two elbows in planes at 90˚ and with straightening vanes
Standard cast iron flanged reducer
2
5
7.5
10
Standard cast iron flanged increaser
1
2
3
4.5
Globe valve with straightening vanes
2
4
6
9
Gate valve - 0.2 open
2
4
6
9
Gate valve - 0.5 open
2
3
4
6
Gate valve - full open
0
0.5
1
2
0.8
6
8
7
13
6
12
12
8
3
Note: A centrifugal pump pumping directly into a venturi meter should have at least 10 pipe diameters of straight pipe
between it and the meter. This distance can be reduced if straightening vanes are properly used between the pump
and venturi.
C.1.4
Nozzles
A certified curve showing the calibration of the nozzle shall be provided. When ASME long radius flow nozzles
are used with an outlet to inlet diameter ratio from 0.2 to 0.7, the tolerance in the rate of flow should not exceed
± 0.75 percent for 3 in. pipe and over. When other nozzles are used with the same specifications listed above, the
error should not exceed ± 1 percent of the rated flow. The nozzle size shall be selected to provide a minimum
velocity of 20 ft/s (6.1 m/s) at the nozzle throat.
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C.1.5
January 2018
Orifice Plate
A certified curve showing the calibration of a square edged concentric orifice plate shall be provided. The error
should not exceed ± 1.5 percent of the reading when using an orifice-to-pipe diameter ratio from 0.10 to 0.80.
Ratios outside of these limits should not be used. Preferred orifice to pipe diameter ratios are from 0.20 to 0.60.
To ensure accurate flow measurements, a sufficient length of straight pipe is required preceding and following
the orifice plate. The values required expressed in terms of equivalent diameters, are shown in Tables C.1.5 (a)
and (b). When “pipe taps” are used, the values shown in Tables C.1.5 (a) and (b) should be increased by 2
diameters.
Table C.1.5 (a): Straight Pipe Required After Any Fitting before Meter in Diameters of Pipe
Meter Ratio (Throat to Inlet Diameter)
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
Tee or wye within line flow
6
6
6.5
7
8.5
10.5
One elbow, branch flow thru tee or wye, or flow
6
6
6.5
7
9
13
from drum or separator
Globe valve - wide open
9
9
9.5
10.5
13
15
Gate valve - wide open
6
6
6
6
7.5
9.5
Two or more short radius elbows or bends in the
7.5
7.5
8.5
10.5
13.5
18
same plane
Two or more long radius elbows or bends in the
6
6
6.5
8
11
16
same plane
Two short radius elbows or bends in different
14.5
16
17.5
20.5
24.5
30
planes
Two long radius elbows or bends in different planes
7
8
10
12
16
22
0.8
14
20.5
21
13.5
25
23
40
33
Note: A centrifugal pump pumping directly into a nozzle or orifice should have at least 10 pipe diameters of straight pipe
between it and the meter. This distance can be reduced if straightening vanes are properly used between the pump and
nozzle or orifice.
Table C.1.5 (b): Straight Pipe Required After Meter before Any Fitting in Diameters of Pipe
Meter Ratio (Throat to Inlet Diameter)
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
Gate valve - wide open
0
0
0
0
0
0
Wye
0
0
0
0
0
0
Tee
0
0
0
0
0
3.5
Expansion joint
0
0
0
0
0
3.5
45° Elbow
0
0
0
0
3.5
3.5
Long radius elbow or bend
2
2.5
2.5
3
3.5
3.5
Regulators, control valves, and partly throttled gate
6
6
6
6
6
6
valves
C.1.6
0.8
0
4
4
4
4
4
6
Weir
A rectangular sharp crested weir with a smooth vertical crest wall, complete crest contraction, free overfall and
with the end contraction suppressed, is a suitable capacity measuring device. The weir should be calibrated in
place with the water circuit.
When rectangular suppressed weirs are used, the error shall not exceed ± 2 percent of the flow under the following
limitations of flow:
•
•
•
The head is not smaller than 0.2 ft. (61 mm).
The head is not larger than one-half the height of the weir.
The head is not larger than one-half the length of the weir.
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C.1.7
January 2018
Electromagnetic Flow Meters
Electromagnetic flowmeters are based on Faraday's Law of Magnetic Induction that states that a voltage will be
induced when a conductor, in this case water, moves at right angles through a magnetic field is proportional to
the velocity of that conductor - the faster the flow rate, the higher the voltage. This voltage is picked up by sensing
electrodes mounted in the meter tube and sent to the transmitter which takes the voltage and calculates the flow
rate based on the cross sectional area of the meter tube. Pressure drop across the meter is the same as it is through
an equivalent length of pipe because there are no moving parts or obstructions to the flow.
Electromagnetic flow meters shall have an accuracy of ± 0.5 percent of the flow reading.
C.2
Head Measurements
C.2.1
Instruments to measure head shall, when practical, be water columns or manometers and for high pressures shall
be mercury manometers, bourdon gauges, electrical pressure transducers or dead weight gauge testers. If water
gauges are used, errors due to water temperature difference within the gauge and pump shall be avoided.
Measuring instrumentation shall have records of calibration. Tolerances shall not exceed ± 1.0 percent of the full
scale.
C.2.2
It is important that steady flow conditions exist at the point of instrument connection. For this reason, it is
necessary that pressure or head measurement be taken on a section of pipe where the cross-section is constant
and straight. Five to ten diameters of straight pipe of unvarying cross-section following any elbow or curved
member, valve, or other obstruction, are usually necessary to ensure steady flow conditions.
C.2.3
Special care shall be taken in the drilling of orifice or tap openings for gauges. The following precautions shall
be taken:
•
•
•
•
C.2.4
C.3
The orifice in the pipe shall be flush with and normal to the wall of the water passage;
The wall of the water passage shall be smooth and of unvarying cross-section. For a distance of at least 12 in.
(305 mm) preceding the orifice, all tubercles and roughness shall be removed with a file or emery cloth, if
necessary;
The orifice shall be of a diameter from 1/8 in. to 1/4 in. ( 3.2 mm to 6.4 mm) and of a length equal to twice
the diameter; and,
The edges of the orifice shall be provided with a suitable radius tangential to the wall of the water passage,
and shall be free from burrs or irregularities.
The datum shall be taken as the centerline of the pump.
Power Measurements
C.3.1
Pump input power shall be determined by either transmission dynamometers, torsion dynamometers, strain gauge
type torque measuring devices, or by the use of calibrated drivers.
C.3.2
When pump input power is to be determined by transmission dynamometers, the unloaded and unlocked
dynamometer must be properly balanced, prior to the test, at the same speed at which the test is to be run. The
scales should be checked against standard weights.
C.3.3
When pump input power is to be determined by torsion dynamometers, the unloaded dynamometer shall be
statically calibrated prior to the test by measuring the angular deflection for a given torque; the tare reading on
the dynamometer scale is taken at rated speed with the pump disconnected.
C.3.4
When strain gauge type torque measuring devices are used to measure pump input power, they shall be calibrated,
with their accompanying instrumentation, at regular intervals.
C.3.5
When pump input power is to be determined by the use of a calibrated motor, measurements of power input shall
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be made at the terminals of the motor to exclude any line losses that may occur between the switchboard and the
driver itself. Certified calibration curves of the motor must be provided. The calibration shall be conducted on
the specific motor in question, and not on a similar machine. Such calibrations must indicate the true input-output
value of the motor efficiency and not some conventional method of determining an arbitrary efficiency.
C.4
C.5
C.3.6
After the completion of any of the above tests, recalibration or rebalancing shall be checked to assure that no
change has taken place. In the event of appreciable change, the test shall be rerun.
C.3.7
Calibrated laboratory type electric meters and transformers shall be used to measure power input to all electric
motors.
Speed Measurement
C.4.1
Measurement of speed shall be made by means of revolution counters, tachometers, or stroboscopic devices.
C.4.2
For speed measurements taken by means of a revolution counter, the timing period shall be of sufficient length
to obtain a true average speed. The stopwatch shall be checked against a standard timer. If electric/electronic
speed sensing element with electronic counter is used, it shall be checked against a suitable secondary frequency
standard.
C.4.3
When a tachometer is used, it shall be calibrated against a revolution counter before and after the test. Tachometer
readings shall be made at frequent intervals during the period each test reading is taken to determine an accurate
measurement of average speed over that reading period.
C.4.4
When a stroboscopic device is used, the comparison frequency source shall be either line frequency, where stable,
or a stable independent frequency. The speed shall be determined by the observation and deduction of slip from
the synchronous speed.
Time Measurement
Time measurement with an accuracy of ±1/100 of a second shall be obtainable.
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January 2018
APPENDIX D: Fire Pump Unit (Packages)
The fire pump package consists of the following components which are furnished by the pump manufacturer, alternate
manufacturer, or a fire pump packager. Where marked (*) FM Approved components shall be supplied.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
Vertical shaft, turbine type fire pump*
Driver - diesel engine* or electric motor
Pump controller* (electric motor or diesel engine)
Flexible coupling (not all elastomeric) or drive shaft
Right angle gear drive*, when required
Right angle gear drive cooling water lines, when required
Torsional coupling, when required
Discharge pressure gauge* and connections
Pressure-relief valve* and waste cone, when required
Automatic air release valve*
Substantial bedplate for pump and driver
Diesel engine accessories:
i. starting batteries
ii. rigid cooling water and fuel lines (may have short flexible elements in close proximity to engine to
minimize vibration)
iii. exhaust piping and muffler
iv. fuel tank
13. Instruction, Operation and maintenance manual in local language
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APPENDIX E: Tolerance
Unless otherwise stated, the following tolerances shall apply:
Flow
+ 1/- 0 percent of value
Frequency (Hz):
± 5 percent of value
Length:
± 2 percent of value
Volume:
+ 1/- 0 percent of value
Power
± 1.5 percent of value
Pressure:
± 0.5 percent of value
Speed
± 0.3 percent of value
Temperature:
Time:
± 4°F (2°C)
+ 5/–0 seconds
+0.1/–0 minutes
Unless stated otherwise, all tests shall be carried out at a room (ambient) temperature of 68 ± 9°F (20 ± 5°C).
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APPENDIX F: Sample Listing
Centrifugal Fire Pumps, Vertical Shaft, Turbine Type, Barrel
Vertical turbine barrel fire pumps have submerged impellers contained in a series-bowl assembly enclosed within a barrel. The
barrel is bolted to the discharge head which contains inlet and outlet flanges plus a support for hollow shaft electric motor or FM
Approved right angle gear drive. The motor requirements for vertical shaft, turbine type, centrifugal fire pumps also apply to
vertical turbine barrel pumps (see previous category).
They are FM Approved for taking suction from public mains or other positive suction pressure sources.
By varying the number of stages or the impeller diameter or both, the manufacturer may provide any rated pressure within the
listed pressure range.
These pumps are also referred to as Vertical Turbine Can Fire Pumps.
ASB Pump Company, 4 Oceanic Road, Quahog, RI 81516-2342
945
Rated
Net Head at Rated
Capacity, psi
41 - 96
Rated
Net Head at Rated
Capacity, kPa
285 - 660
Rated
Speed,
r/min
2600
500
1895
60 - 117
415 - 805
2800
3-15
750
2840
82 - 165
565 - 1140
3500
3-15
1000
3785
273 - 303
1880 - 2090
180
3-15
1250
4730
51-98
350 - 675
1800
3-15
Rated Capacity,
(gal/min)
Rated Capacity,
(dm3/min)
250
Stage(s)
3-15
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