Lecture
Web Development Framework
What is a web framework
A web framework is a software platform for developing web
applications and websites.
Web application frameworks offers:
a wide range of pre-written components
code snippets
whole application templates
It can be used for:
development of web services
web APIs (Application Programming Interface)
other web resources
Why frameworks are necessary?
• More Visitors: They can attract more people to your website or app.
• Faster and Easier: They speed up the building and upkeep of your site or
app.
• Rules and Order: They provide guidelines for how to write code so it's
organized and easy to understand.
• Fewer Mistakes: They help avoid errors and problems that can happen
during the building process.
• Focus on the Important Stuff: You can concentrate on making your app
great, while the framework handles the behind-the-scenes stuff efficiently.
Types of development frameworks
• There are generally two types of development frameworks – client
side and server side frameworks.
Front-end Frameworks
Back-end Frameworks
The frontend is the part of the website visible to the users.
Backend refers to the background functioning of the sites.
Also known as client-side frameworks
Also known as Server side frameworks
Involves UI-UX designing, SEO optimization, performance and
scalability enhancing, creating reusable templates
Involves database management, security, URL routing,
designing site architecture, the server handling
Frontend Languages – HTML, CSS, JavaScript, JQuery
Backend Languages – Python, JavaScript, PHP, Ruby, .NET
Frontend Frameworks- React, Vue, BootStrap, Ember, Angular
Backend frameworks- Django, Ruby On Rails, Express, Spring,
ASP.NET Core
Front end frameworks provide pre-written code snippets,
reusable templates, integrable elements and manage user
interaction
Database manipulation, user authorization, privacy
encryptions, reusable components are some benefits of using
backend frameworks
Classification of Framework Architectures
• The architecture decides how the various layers will interact with each
other.
• It is important to use a well-understood architecture as it largely
defines how your application functions.
Model View Controller:
Many frameworks for web apps work on Model View Controller (MVC)
models. To split data models with business standards from the UI, MVC
architecture is preferred. It is a good practice as it usually fosters code
reuse, modularized code, and permits various interfaces.
Model-View-ViewModel (MVVM)
Frameworks, such as KnockoutJS and VueJS use the Model-ViewViewModel or the Model-View-Binder architecture model. In this
architecture, the view layer acts as a controller and converts the data objects
from the Model layer into manageable components. Since the View layer
handles all the user requests directly, the data binding is much more
straightforward.
Push-based vs Pull-based
Generally, MVC frameworks observe a push-based architecture, also known
as ‘action-based.’ They adopt actions that do the necessary processing and
then accordingly ‘push’ the data to a view layer to furnish the
outcome. Some examples of frameworks are Spring MVC, Ruby on Rails,
Sails.js, Django, and CodeIgniter.
When it comes to ‘pull-based,’ also termed as ‘component-based.’ This is a
kind of framework that starts with the view layer, which in turn can ‘pull’
outcomes from diverse controllers as required. Some examples of pull-based
architectures are JBoss, Tapestry, Lift, Wicket, Micro, and JavaServer Faces.
List of popular web development frameworks
Best Backend:
Express
Django
Ruby and Rails
Laravel
Spring
Best Frontend:
Angular
React
Vue
Ember
Backbone